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Objective To explore the relationship between social media addiction and anxiety among college students and the role of bedtime procrastination and stress perception. Methods A total of 15493 college students were selected by convenience sampling in September 2023 with using the Bergen Social Networking Addiction Scale, the Bedtime Procrastination Scale, the Chinese Perceived Stress Scales and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale. SPSS25.0 macro program PROCESS was used to analyze the mediating effect of bedtime procrastination and the moderating effect of stress perception. Results The social media addiction was positively predicted college students' anxiety (β=0.307, P＜0.001). Bedtime procrastination partially mediated the relationship between social media addiction and anxiety in the college students. The mediation effect value was 0.060 (95% Bootstrap CI=［0.055-0.065］), the mediating effect accounted for 19.54% of the total. Stress perception moderated the relationship between bedtime procrastination and anxiety (β=0.094, P＜0.001). As the level of perceived stress increased, the positive association between bedtime procrastination and anxiety became stronger. Conclusion Social media addiction can directly affect anxiety in the college students, or indirectly affect it through bedtime procrastination, and perceived stress moderates the path from bedtime procrastination to anxiety in the mediation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To investigate the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) patterns of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and compare the demographic characteristics and the severity of patients with different TCM patterns. Methods Using a cross-sectional survey, TCM patterns were divided into the cold dampness obstruction pattern, liver qi stagnation pattern, qi-blood stagnation pattern, liver-gall bladder damp-heat pattern, deficiency of liver and kidney pattern, deficiency of liver blood pattern, and combination patterns (two patterns involved at the same time). By administering the "FMS TCM Pattern Questionnaire", we investigated the TCM pattern distribution of FMS patients and compared their demographic characteristics. Then, five internationally recognized evaluation scales of FMS were used to assess the severity of the condition, including the Visual Analogue Scale, Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Perceived Stress Scale. Results A total of 165 patients' clinical information was collected; 97 FMS patients had a single TCM pattern, including 27 cases of the deficiency of liver and kidney pattern (16.4%), 25 cases of the liver qi stagnation pattern (15.2%), 17 cases of the qi-blood stagnation stasis pattern (10.3%), 14 cases of liver-gallbladder damp-heat pattern (8.5%), 7 cases of the cold dampness obstruction pattern (4.2%), and 7 cases of the liver blood deficiency pattern (4.2%). Moreover, there were 34 cases of the combined liver qi stagnation pattern with liver blood deficiency pattern (20.6%) and 34 cases of other combined patterns (20. 6%).Patients with different patterns had differences in gender, age, smoking, education level, and income. Patients with the liver blood deficiency pattern had a relatively long course of the disease. Patients with the liver qi stagnation pattern had a relatively high degree of depression. Finally, patients with the cold dampness obstruction pattern had a relatively mild overall condition. Conclusion In the distribution of FMS patterns, excess pattern and pattern of intermingled deficiency and excess are major, while deficiency pattern is only a small part. The excessive pathogens mainly include qi stagnation, blood stasis, and cold dampness, while the vital qi deficiency mainly includes blood deficiency and yin deficiency. The yang deficiency is relatively rare, and the pathological changes of viscera are mainly in the liver. Thus, TCM pattern typing may be related to demographic characteristics and the severity of disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To evaluate the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale for Chinese people aged 18 years and above. Methods: The demographic characteristics and stress perception data from the 2015 China health and nutrition survey were extracted. Bivariate correlation analysis and high and low group t-test were used to determine the discriminant validity. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to test the validity of structure. The reliability was tested by internal consistency reliability, broken half reliability and sensitivity analysis. Results: The results of the bivariate correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of the two dimensions and the total score were 0. 51 and 0. 78 respectively (Ps < 0. 001). Except for items 8, 11 and 12 with low correlation coefficients, the correlation coefficients between the other items and the total score were 0.41-0.68 (P < 0. 001). The cumulative percentage of variance explained was 55. 4%. Confirmatory factor analysis results showed that TLI = 0.934, CFI = 0.952, RMSEA = 0.068, and RMR = 0.047. The Cronbach a coefficients of the Whole scale and the two dimensions named "the tension dimension" and "the sense of loss dimension" were 0.75, 0.82 and 0.88 respectively. The Spearman-Brown coefficient was 0.78, and the Guttman coefficient was 0.78. With the exception of items 8 and 12, the Cronbach a coefficient of the remaining items fluctuated between 0.71 and 0.74 after each item in the scale was deleted. Two common factors were extracted in the exploratory factor analysis. Conclusion: The Chinese version of the Perceived Stress Scale has good reliability and validity, and it is recommended to modify or delete items 8, 11 and 12 in the study of people aged 18 and above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To test the validity and reliability of the Perceived Stress Scale-14 items (PSS-14) applied in cancer survivors. Methods: Totally 652 cancer survivors (patients who had finished active treatments were in convalescence) were selected and a field questionnaire survey was conducted among them. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed to test the construct validity of PSS-14. Correlation between the two dimensions (discriminant validity) and correlation between stress and quality of life were analyzed to further test its validity. The internal consistency reliability, split-half reliability, retest reliability and sensitivity analysis were adopted to test the reliability of PSS-14. Results: Two common factors were extracted in the exploratory factor analysis, The cumulative percentage of variance explained was 60.8%. The index of confirmatory factor analysis were: TLI=0.93, CFI-0.93, SRMR=0.71, RMSEA=0.08. The correlation coefficient between the two dimensions of PSS-14 was -0.16 (P<0.001). The correlation coefficients between the score of PSS-14 and each dimension of EORTC QLQ-C30 were 0.24 -0.55 (P<0.001). The Cronbach α coefficients of the whole scale and the two dimensions named "perceived coping ability" and "perceived distress" were 0.78, 0.91 and 0.88 respectively. After the scale was split into two parts, the Cronbach α coefficients of the remaining items varied from 0.75 to 0.77. The retest reliability of the whole scale and the two dimensions were 0.89, 0.86 and 0.85 respectively. Conclusion: PSS-14 shows favorable validity and reliability, suggesting the utility to assess stress of cancer survivors as a self-administered inventory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study is to investigate perceived stress, depression, body mass index (BMI), and nutrient intakes of soldiers in the army. Methods: The subjects were 301 soldiers recruited from two divisions of the army in Kangwon-Do. The data was collected from August 3 to 9, 2009. Perceived stress, depression, lifestyle, dietary habits, BMI, and nutrient intake were assessed. Results: Subjects' distribution for normal weight, underweight, overweight, and obese was 67.4%, 0.7%, 16.3%, and 15.6%, respectively. BMI was related to class, service branch, duration of military service and being on a diet, whereas BMI was not found to be related to perceived stress, and depression. Some nutrient intakes such as dietary fiber, vitamin C, and Calcium was related to depression. Conclusion: This study suggests that soldiers need to undergo stress, depression management, and a nutritional education program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]