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Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Tea Science is the property of Journal of Tea Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】Tolerance to hypoxia germination is one of the key traits for direct-seeding adaptability of rice. The temperate direct-seeding japonica rice variety Francis and multi-panicle indica restorer line R998 were used for QTL mapping of hypoxia germination related traits, aiming to provide new valuable gene resources for developing direct-seeding rice varieties and the promotion of direct-seeding rice production methods.【Method】The coleoptile length, shoot length and maximum root length of rice seedlings submerged in 10-cm-depth water in the dark for 7 days at 28℃ were recorded as indicators of hypoxia germination tolerance capacity. A high-density genetic map containing 3 106 bin markers was constructed by low-coverage genome re-sequencing, and QTL scanning was performed with WinQTL Cart 2.5.【Result】Under the condition of hypoxia germination, the coleoptile length and root length of Francis are significantly higher than those of R998, but there is no significant difference in shoot length between them. The total genetic distance of the constructed genetic map is 3 646.2 cM, in which the number of markers on chromosome 12 is the least, and that on chromosome 1 is the most, with 174 and 389, respectively. The average marker distance in the genetic map is 1.21 cM, the marker distance of each chromosomes is 0.68 -1.84 cM, and the gaps above 5 cM account for 0.36%. By using composite interval mapping (CIM), six QTLs related to hypoxia germination tolerance are detected on 5 chromosomes. Among them, the number of QTLs controlling coleoptile length, shoot length and root length are 3, 1 and 2, respectively. The coleoptile locus qCL9 and the shoot length locus qSL5 had a phenotypic variance explained (PVE) over 10%, which are 13.39% and 10.78%, respectively. The beneficial allele of qCL9 and the root length locus qRL2-1 come from the parent Francis, while the other four beneficial alleles are provided by the parent R998. Three of the six QTLs have not been reported previously, therefore, they may be novel QTLs.【Conclusion】In summary, there is significant difference between Francis and R998 in hypoxia germination, and both parents have beneficial alleles for hypoxia germination tolerance. qCL9 and qSL5 are major effect QTLs controlling hypoxia germination tolerance and have practical value in the molecular breeding of direct-seeding rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effects of exogenous auxin (NAA and IBA) concentration and different substrate types on the rooting index and rooting quality of semi-lignified shoots and cuttings of Acer mono (A. mono) was studied to select the best hormone concentration and substrate to lay the foundation for breeding and promote cultivation of A. mono. The semi-lignified A. mono cuttings of the same year were used as materials, and the concentrations of five kinds of combined solutions of NAA and IBA (NAA+IBA) were set at 0, 500, 1 000, 1 500 and 2 000 mg / L. A single factor randomized block test was carried out on four substrates of vermiculite, peat soil, perlite, perlite+vermiculite. Results showed that: different NAA+IBA concentrations and substrate types had extremely significant effects on the measurement indexes (P<0. 01), and all had the highest rooting rate on the 40th day. Among different hormone concentrations, the rooting rate (62. 50%), callus induction rate (66. 67%) and total length of new roots of 1 500 mg / L treatment were the best. Comparing the total number of roots, it was found that there was no significant difference between 1 500 and 2 000 mg / L, but both were significantly better than 0, 500, 1 000 mg / L treatments. Among the four matrices, perlite performed the best in the rooting rate (66. 67%) and callus induction rate (70. 84%); perlite+vermiculite ( 1 ∶ 1) had the best performance in the total length and total number of new roots. The A. mono cuttings was significantly affected by the concentration of NAA+IBA and different substrate types: considering the rooting effect and rooting quality, 1 500 mg / L was the best concentration of NAA+IBA hormone; perlite was significantly better than other substrates in terms of rooting index, which was the best choice; in the later stage of rooted cuttings, if the quality of rooting was pursued, perlite+vermiculite should be used as the cultivation substrate. The cutting method established in this paper can be used for the expansion and reproduction of excellent germplasm resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid and accurate identification of maize growth stages is of great significance for the precise management of the corn planting cycle. However, the complex background and outdoor lighting can be posed a great challenge to the current classification and identification of the corn growth stage in the field. In this study, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was adopted to capture the images of maize at the four growth stages, including the seedling, jointing, small-trumpet, and big-trumpet stages. A Swin Transformer model was also used to introduce transfer learning for the rapid identification of maize at different growth stages. The high recognition rate was significantly enhanced to monitor the large area than before. The generalization ability of the model was greatly improved to consider a single angle for image acquisition by the drone. The reason was that there was a consistent distribution of ridge growth in the same period, where there were different shapes and colors of the canopy in the four growth periods of maize. The deep learning model was then promoted to classify the corn ridge orientation as a feature. The data set used in the model training phase was usually collected in a stable and high-quality environment. In addition to making the images clear using algorithms, the anti-interference ability of the model was modified to reduce the performance degradation caused by the image blur in the task of recognition. First, the training set was rotated 8 times to expand the data set, combined with the corn ridge surface orientation. The shooting angle of the drone was simulated to improve the generalization ability of the model. Second, the Gaussian fuzzy method was used to convert the test set 6 times. The aHash, pHash, and dHash histogram algorithms were selected to evaluate the similarity between the actual and Gaussian blurred images, in order to explore the performance of each model on the unclear data set. At the same time, a comprehensive evaluation index was constructed for the performance degradation degree of the model under different definitions using accuracy. Finally, the Swin-T model performance was verified to compare the classical convolutional neural network (CNN) with the AlexNet, VGG16, and GoogLeNet. The experiments demonstrate that the overall accuracy of the Swin-T model in the original test set was 98.7%, which was 6.9, 2.7, and 2.0 percentage points higher than the AlexNet, VGG16, and GoogLeNet models, respectively. The complex background of the field posed a certain impact on the recognition accuracy of the seedling and jointing stage in the misclassification. Since the phenotype of the weed was similar to that of the maize, the images with the true category of the seedling stage were misidentified as the jointing. There were large areas of weeds in the images at the jointing stage, whereas, the maize canopy features were not outstanding. The images whose real category was the jointing stage were misidentified as the seedling stage. The overall accuracies of the degradation index were 12.38%, 10.38%, and 15.03% for the AlexNet, VGG16, and GoogLeNet models under the unclear data set, respectively. The overall degradation index of the Swin-T model was only 8.31%, indicating all the best in the degradation balance, the average degradation index, and the accuracy rates of the maximum degradation. It infers that the Swin-T model was degraded the least when the image quality was degraded. In terms of classification accuracy, and fuzzy image input, the Swin-T model can be expected to fully meet the harsh needs of the classification and identification at the different growth stages of maize in the actual production. The finding can also provide promising technical support for the intelligent identification and monitoring of maize growth stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rapeseed has been one of the most important cash crops to ensure edible oil safety in China. A mechanical direct seeding can be widely used in rapeseed production for labor-saving, high yield, and efficiency, particularly for the large-scale transfer of rural labor force under rapid economic transformation in recent years. However, there is usually a smaller root-shoot ratio of mechanized direct-seeded rapeseed, leading to the rape lodging and yield reduction. Alternatively, deep fertilizer is widely applied to determine the lodging resistance and yield in fertilization management and crop production, due to the high yield, fertilizer saving, and efficiency. Nevertheless, deep fertilizer can also increase the plant height, the height of the center of gravity, and dry matter mass, further inducing the risk of stem lodging. Furthermore, there are only a few studies on the lodging performance of crops under deep fertilizer, especially for the mechanized direct-seeded rapeseed. This study aims to investigate the effect of mechanical direct seeding synchronous deep fertilization on the stem lodging resistance and yield of winter rapeseed. A field experiment was carried out at Jianli and Shayang County in Hubei Province of China from October 2020 to May 2021. Rapeseed (variety: Huayouza 62) was selected as the experimental material. Three treatments were designed, including deep, mixed, and no fertilizer (control). A systematic evaluation was made on the root, stem development, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen uptake, lodging resistance, and yield of winter rapeseed. A response of lodging resistance and yield to the plant type was then determined under mechanical direct seeding with different fertilization treatments. The results showed that the deep fertilizer significantly promoted the growth and development of the rapeseed, and simultaneously accompanied the high lodging indices of the stem. The stem diameter, dry weight of stem, shoot fresh weight of winter rapeseed, and breaking resistance of stem increased (P<0.05) by 9.5%, 16.6%, 17.4%, and 31.5%, respectively, under deep fertilizer, compared with the mixed fertilizer. Moreover, both the plant height and shoot fresh weight increased less than the stem breaking resistance under deep fertilizer, indicating a 5.0% reduction of lodging index. There was also a 23.2%, 20.4%, and 27.4% increase in the dry weight of root, the dry weight of aboveground biomass, and nitrogen accumulation in the aboveground rapeseed with the deep fertilizer, respectively, indicating a significant increase in the crop yield by 20.7% (P=0.014) and harvest index by 2.0%. Consequently, the deep fertilizer can be expected to enhance the stem lodging resistance of winter rapeseed for a better population structure, while, mechanized planting can be used to achieve a high yield and low lodging risk of rapeseed. In addition, a future exploration still remains on the suitable fertilization depth for the higher yield and lower lodging of mechanized direct-seeded rapeseed, and the physiological mechanism of lodging resistance under deep fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Remote Sensing for Natural Resources is the property of Remote Sensing for Natural Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Seedling height is an important feature in the process of seedling cultivation, and it is also an important reference index for seedling growth and screening of excellent features. In view of the problem that professional measurement tools and marked measurement methods are mostly used in the current research, a measurement method of the seedling height based on monocular image depth estimation technology was proposed in this study. Firstly, the NYU Depth Dataset V2 depth dataset was enhanced to make the model have better expression ability. The depth estimation network structure is a U-shaped network structure, which is divided into encoder and decoder. The encoder part took ResNeXt 101 network as the main body to extract the depth feature information of plant image. The decoder was mainly based on the up sampling, and a jump connection module was added between the encoder and the decoder to increase the detail information of the depth image. Compared with different depth estimation models, the depth estimation model achieved the best Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), which was 0.165. It showed that the depth estimation model can better complete the estimation task of depth information. Through the calibration of the maximum depth value, the real distance from the shooting point to the plant can be calculated according to the depth information, and the seedling height can be measured in combination with the pixel height of the seedling plant in the image and the calibrated field angle. In order to verify the effectiveness of this method, we collected 1 728 images of tomato seedlings, 160 images of pepper seedlings and 160 images of cabbage seedlings at different distances for plant height measurement. The results showed that within the shooting distance of 105 cm, the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of tomato seedlings was 0.569 cm, the RMSE was 0.829 cm, and the average plant height ratio was 1.005. The MAE of pepper and cabbage seedlings were 0.616 and 0.326 cm, and the RMSE were 0.672 and 0.389 cm. The average calculation time of the height of each seedling was 2.01 s. The experimental results showed that this method was feasible and universal for seedling height detection usage. The results of plant height measurement under different light intensities showed that when the sensitivity was less than 160, the MAE of plant height measurement result was 0.81 cm, which still had good measurement accuracy. In order to realize the height measurement of multi-target plants, YOLOv5s was used to train and test the images with 2-6 plants. The test results showed that the accuracy of the model was 98.20%, the recall was 0.98, and the mean Average Precision was 84.6%.When the number of plants in a single image was within 5 (less than 6) targets, the average values of MAE and RMSE were 0.652 and 0.829 cm respectively. The results of this study showed that the model can accurately detect the height of multiple plants from a single image, and can accurately measure the heights of a variety of seedlings within different distances and certain light intensity changes, which can provide a non-destructive plant height measurement method for the study of seedling cultivation and growth period judgment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Table grape thinning has been commonly used to increase berry size for high-quality fruits in modern agricultural management. However, the table grape thinning in manual has also been a time-consuming and labor-intensive task in current large-scale production. Accurate and rapid identification of grape flowers, stems, and clamping points of fruit stem can contribute to the table grape thinning during automatic operation. In this study, a new method was proposed to locate the clamping points of fruit stem for table grape thinning using an improved Mask region-based convolutional neural networks (R-CNN). Firstly, an improved Mask R-CNN was established to fuse a bottom-up path augmentation using the ResNeXt network. The ResNeXt network was implemented to improve the feature extraction of flowers and stems, where the bottom-up path augmentation was to retain the low-level features. Then, a set logic was proposed, according to the prediction from the improved Mask R-CNN. The Intersection over Union (IoU) function was built to remove the duplicate targets in the detection. Nevertheless, some fruit stems were incorrectly recognized as leaf stems in the prediction, due to the lower detection accuracy of fruit stems than that of grape flowers. In doing so, the position relationship between table grapes flower and fruit stem was further filtered out from the prediction data, further to improve the detection precision. Meanwhile, the pairs of table grape flowers and fruit stems were built in the prediction dataset. The isolated pixel points in the fruit stem masks were removed by the morphological open operation, and the main fruit stem masks were calculated by the set logic relation. Eventually, the center point near the placenta of the main fruit stem was determined as the clamping point of the fruit stem, particularly for the main fruit stem bounding boxes with different aspect ratios. Six models were compared to verify the improved Mask R-CNN for detection and segmentation of the table grape flower and fruit stem using different backbone networks. The result showed that the improved Mask R-CNN worked performed best. The evaluation metrics Average Precision (AP0.5, AP0.75, AP0.5-0.95, APS) on the coco dataset increased by 2.3, 5.4, 6.0 and 23 percentage points, respectively, and the MIoU increased by 7.4 percentage points, compared with the ResNet50-based Mask R-CNN model. The ResNeXt101 in the backbone of the improved Mask R-CNN effectively improved the performance of the model, while the fusion of the path augmentation network effectively enhanced the detection performance of small targets. The improved Mask R-CNN performed more accuracy in some segmentation, compared with the others. Meanwhile, the speed of detection and segmentation was relatively comparable to the other models, indicating fully meeting the requirements of table grape thinning. Then, the location accuracy and speed were tested in the different conditions including the shooting weather, the number of flowers in one picture, and the growth stage of table grape flower. The images in the test set were randomly selected for the experiment, where the successful location rate of the fruit stem clamping point was 83.3%, the average location time was 0.325 s. The results showed that the location accuracy was 90% in sunny and sunlight weather, and the total time was 0.3 s. In all shooting conditions, the sunny and sunlight, single flower in one picture, and the inflorescence period can greatly contribute to the accuracy of the location. Then, the location error of the fruit stem clamping point was tested, where the maximum location error in x, y and the total location error were 10, 12, and 16 pixels, respectively, indicating fully meet the requirements of location accuracy and speed for table grape thinning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plug seedlings have been widely used in the production of vegetable and flower planting. The consistent quality of plug seedlings depends mainly on economic benefits. It is usually necessary to identify and remove unqualified seedlings from the plugs, and then replace them with qualified seedlings. The manual operation of substandard seedlings is mainly used from the plugs to the supplement seedling at present, indicating low efficiency, high labor costs, and unstable classification. The seedling sorting machine using machine vision can automatically identify the lack of seedling holes and unqualified seedlings, and then remove the unqualified seedlings from the plug trays. The accurate classification can be achieved with higher operation efficiency. The top view images are selected to judge the quality of plug seedlings with no crossed leaves and no mutual obscuration. However, the leaves of adjacent seedlings cross each other or are blocked and covered, when most plug seedlings of flower and vegetable are sold. It cannot be evaluated on the growth status and quality of individual seedlings using the top view image. Taking the Spathiphyllum seedlings as the research object, this study aims to observe the local area of seedling stem under the leaves using perspective images under the leaves. An automatic quality inspection of plug seedlings was realized to combine with the judging standard of seedling level, particularly on the stem image covering each other with leaves. Firstly, the critical value of the projection area of the stem of Spathiphyllum seedlings was proposed, according to the production standards. Secondly, an image acquisition unit of the seedling stem was constructed, consisting of a leaf guide piece, a miniature camera, and two light guide fibers. Subsequently, the stem images were captured under the leaf of Spathiphyllum seedlings in the darkroom. Then, the PC vision was utilized to analyze the images and projection area of the seedling stem. The seedlings were determined to be qualified or not, according to the quality evaluation on the projection area and the critical value of the Spathiphyllum seedling stem. The hole positions of unqualified seedlings were returned to PLC at last. A three-factor three-level test was carried out to select the conveyor speed, where the deviation of the center distance between seedling stem and hole in the shooting direction, the deviation rate-How closed the projection area of the stem to the Critical Value of the Projection Area of Stem(CVA) as the test factors. The quality test results show that the accuracy of quality detection of plug seedlings depended mainly on the deviation distance and conveyor speed. Specifically, the accuracy of quality detection dropped bellow 85%, when the seedling deviated from the hole center greater than 10 mm and the conveyor speed increased to 0.06m/s. But there was no significant impact when the projection area of the stem was close to CVA. In addition, the quality inspection test was carried out on 72 holes of Spathiphyllum plug seedlings. It was found that the recognition accuracy of the system reached 97.92%, and the productivity was 150 tray/h, and 10 800 plant/h, when the conveyor speed was 0.045 m/s and the deviation distance of seedling stem was within 10mm. This finding can provide a strong theoretical reference for the automatic evaluation of plug seedlings grading and quality inspection, particularly when adjacent leaves were covered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to solve the problem of low reproductive efficiency of the cut flower plant Diluo Flower Bright Pearl, this article uses the young shoots of Diluo Flower Bright Pearl as explants to study the influence of different basic media on its growth. The effects of different hormone types and concentrations on its proliferation and rooting, the growth characteristics of its in vitro reproduction were analyzed, and an efficient technology system for tissue culture and rapid propagation of "Dila Flower Bright Pearl" was established. The results showed that: "Dila Flower Bright Pearl" "The disinfection method for young shoots is to soak in 0.1% mercury-liter solution for 12 minutes, and the contamination rate is 21.5%; the explants are on WPM+ZT mg, L-1+ NAA 0.1 mg·L-1 medium, and the side buds The germination rate is 73%; the best medium for proliferation is MS+BAO. 4 mg·L-1 + NAA 0.05 mgL-1, and the industrial proliferation coefficient is 6.63. The proliferation mode is lateral bud proliferation and plant base cluster bud proliferation: rooting The appropriate medium is MS+IBA 0.75 mg•L-1+ NAA 1 mg•L-1, the rooting rate is 70%; the rooting bottle seedlings are transplanted in a matrix of perlite and fine grass charcoal (volume ratio 0.5:1), Cultivation with light and black intensity of 10000~12000 lx and air humidity of 70%~80%, the survival rate can reach 72% after 60 days. The research results provided technical support for the commercial production of Diluo flower tissue-cultured seedlings, and at the same time promoted the promotion, planting and industrialization of this high-end cut woody flower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper was to establish the tissue culture regeneration system by using the seeds of Adansonia digitata. After treated with a suitable pretreatment and seeds sterilizing method, the initial medium was inoculated to obtain a sterile material. After initiation culture, the multiple shoot were induced in the enrichment medium, and then cut into individual plants for rooting induction, and finally established a tissue culture and rapid propagation system. The results were as follows: The optimal disinfection treatment combination of explants was 75% alcohol treatment for 3 min + 0.1% HgCl, treatment for 15 min, the contamination rate of explants was 21.7%; The germination rate was 46.0% after pretreatment with 95% concentrated sulfuric acid for 12 h; The A. digitata seeds were pretreated and sterilized and inoculated onto WPM start-up medium for 48 h, and the germination rate was 74.0%; After the initial culture, axillary buds of the explants were cut into 2-3 cm with a section of young stems and inoculated into the enrichment medium and cultured for 60 d for multiple shoots induction, finally, the best value-added medium was selected as WPM-1.0 mg - L ZT+ 0.2 mg - L'IBA, and the subculture cycle was 60 d with the increment coefficient as high as 3.1: The best rooting medium was WPM + 5.0 mg - L-1BA, and rooting was induced for 60 d with a rooting rate of 61.3%, the average number of roots was 1.9 and the average root length was 8.9 cm. Adding the right amount of IBA can improve the foam root phenomenon and improve the transplant survival rate. After seedling adaptation, the tissue culture seedlings of A. digitata were transplanted to mixed matrix with coconut vegetable garden soil perlite (volume ratio 1:1:1), and the survival rate reached above 60.0%. This paper preliminarily established the in titro rapid propagation technology system of A. digitata, and can provide theoretical and technical supports for the rapid propagation of A. digitata and the preservation of germplasm resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] Identifying the biological activity of five brassins registered in the ministry of agriculture in China by different methods, so as to give some suggestions about an appropriate dose and an application method for field. [ Method ] The biological activities of five brassins ( 24-epibrassinolide, 28-homobrassinolide, 28-epihomobrassinolide, 22, 23, 24-triepibrassinolide and 14-hydroxylated brassinosteroid) by the methods of Rice Lamina Inclination, Wheat Leaf-unrolling and Elongation of Bean Epicotyl were compared. As a representative of brassins, 24-epibrassinolide was applied to celery and soy bean by spraying on the leaves and irrigating. [ Result] It was effective on comparing the biological activities of five brassins by the methods of Rice Lamina Inclination, Wheat Leaf-unrolling and Elongation of Bean Epicotyl. In the tests of Rice Lamina Inclination and Wheat Leaf-unrolling, 28-homobrassinolide showed the highest biological activity. 24 - epibrassinolide was more active than others in Wheat Leaf-unrolling Test. On the whole, the biological activity of 24-epibrassinolide and 28- homobrassinolide were higher than that of 28-epihomobrassinolide and 22,23,24-triepibrassinolide. 14-hydroxylated brassinosteroid showed a lower biological activity in three tests. When applied 1-10 fLg·L-1 of 24-epibrassinolide by spraying, the height and the shoot biomass of the celery were greater than those in the control groups. The height, root length and shoot biomass of celery treated by spraying with 24-epibrassinolide were significantly higher than those by irrigating. With the treatment of 24-epibrassinolide in the range of 0. 05 - 1. 00 fLg·L-1, applying the 24-epibrassinolide by spraying and irrigating promoted the shoot of soybean. In the range of 0.05 - 1. 00 fLg·L-1, the plant height and shoot biomass of soybean were significantly increased by spraying with a high dose and irrigating with a low dose. [Conclusion] All the three methods can effectively identify the biological activities of five brassins, among which the biological activities of 24-epibrassinolide and 28-homobrassinolide were higher. 24-epibrassinolide was beneficial to the growth of celery and soybean by spraying and irrigating. The effective dose of 24~epibrassinolide to promote crops by irrigating was lower than that by spraying. The dose of brassins should be adjusted according to the biological activity and application method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

HAVOLUTA(PHV)transcription factor is one of the most important members of homeodomain-leucine zipper III(HD-ZIP) family, and plays an important role in the regulation of formation of plant stems apical and germ meristem. In this research, the PHV gene of Fraxinus mandshurica was acquired by gene cloning and was named by FmPHV. Detailed bioinformatics analysis showed that the length of FmPHV gene was 2 112 bp, and contained a complete Open Reading Frame(ORF)which encoded a protein with 703 amino acids. The FmPHV gene encoded a stable hydrophilic protein, the subcellular localization prediction of FmPHV protein showed the FmPHV was mainly present in the chloroplast. Conserved domain and homology analysis of FmPHV protein indicated that, the homology of FmPHV between the homology PHV proteins in other species, such as Olea europaean, Sesamum indicum and Nicotiana tabacum, was 99%. Under 4 °C condition, with the treatment of 50 mg·L-1 3-indolebutyric acid(IBA)solution, we obtained the cambium callus from cambium stem cells of Fraxinus mandshurica. Analysis of the gene expression pattern of FmPHV showed that the FmPHV was the highest expression in June. Furthermore, the expression of FmPHV in buds was stronger than which in any other tissues. Compared with the callus from different sources, which obtained from the bark of F. mandshurica, the expression level of FmPHV gene in callus, derived from meristem formation, was significantly higher than which from other sources. Moreover, overexpression the FmPHV gene in F. mandshurica seedlings will reduce the expression of auxin-related genes and increase the expression of cytokinin-related genes. This phenomenon indicated that the function of FmPHV gene was more beneficial to the process of plant shoot differentiation and regeneration. In summary, this research revealed the expression pattern of FmPHV gene during the growth and development in F. mandshurica. And revealed the expression pattern of key genes in plant shoot regeneration pathway, which were regulated by FmPHV gene. Our research reveals the potential value of the molecular characteristic of FmPHV gene in the response of auxin and cytokinin pathways during the process of the formation of plant callus generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cyclocarya paliurus is a unique fast-growing tree in China and a mono species of Cyclocarya genus in Juglandaceae family. It has important medical value and is honored as “the third tree in the medical field”. But its seedling breeding is difficult and inefficient. Therefore, tissue culture and rapid propagation of Cyclocarya paliurus were studied by using the young stem segments as explants. The results were as follows: The optimal sampling time of explants was from April to June. The best explants for tissue culture were the slight lignification stem segments. And the best explants surface disinfection method was to soak stem segments in 0.1% HgCl2 for about 5-7 min. The success rate of disinfection was 54.1% and the survival rate of aseptic explants was 88.7%. The medium of MS+6-BA 2.0 mg . L-1+IBA 0.2 mg . L-1+sugar 30.0 g . L-1 was suitable for primary bud induction culture, and the bud induction rate was 80.5%. After 21 d cultivation, the average height of primary buds was 3.0 cm. The best subculture medium for multiplication was MS+6-BA 0.5 mg . L-1+IBA 0.05 mg . L-1+TIBA 0.02 mg . L-1+sugar 30.0 g . L-1. After 35 d of cultivation, the proliferation coefficient was 7.0/35 d, and the shoots were strong and free of vitrification with an average height of 4.5 cm. The medium for strong shoots before rooting was MS+6-BA 0.5 mg . L-1+IBA 0.05 mg . L-1+sugar 30.0 g . L-1. Cultivated in this medium for 35 d, the shoots grew tall and strong, with an average height of 6.0 cm. The rooting medium was 1/2 WPM+IBA 1.5 mg . L-1+5-NGS 4.5 mg . L-1+sugar 20.0 g . L-1. Cultivated 40 d in this medium, and the highest rooting rate was 83.3%. The suitable transplanting matrix for rooting seedlings was slimy soil, and the best transplanting seasons were the periods from March to May and from October to November. After transplanting, the rooting seedlings were cultured for 40 d in a greenhouse with a shade of 70%, and the survival rates were 54.3%-65.6%. This work would lay a foundation for large-scale breeding of its superior clones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The study aimed to establish a genetic transformation and regeneration system of Rutgers tomato.【Method】In this study, the susceptible nematode tomato cultivar Rutgers was used as the experimental material, and the seedling age of the sterile seedlings of Rutgers tomato regeneration system, the concentration of Hyg in the screening medium, in the adventitious bud induction medium were studied by Agrobacterium-mediated method. The hormone ratio and the choice of rooting medium were optimized. 【Result】The results showed that the selection of 9-11 days sterile seedlings had the best effect on leaf differentiation callus. When the concentration of Hyg in the screening medium was 10 mg/L, the transgenic resistant buds could be effectively screened. The best hormone ratio in the culture medium of injured tissue induced by wound tissue was 6-BA 2 mg/L+IAA 0.1 mg/L. Different concentrations of IBA(0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20 mg/L) were added to 1/2 MS for rooting comparison. Regenerated shoots were best rooted on 1/2 MS + IBA 0.1 mg/L rooting medium. 【Conclusion】The genetic transformation system of Rutgers tomato was established for the first time, which laid a foundation for the subsequent transgenic breeding of tomato root-knot nematode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The semi-lignified branches of last-growing Vlmus pumila were used as explants, 75% alcohol and 0.1% HgCl2 were used for disinfection. After initiation culture, the multiple shoots were first induced in the enrichment inedi-urn, and then cut into individual plants for rooting induction, and finally a lissue culture and rapid propagation system was established. The results showed that the optimal disinfection treatment combination of explanls was 75% alcohol treatment for 50 s + 0.1% HgCl2 treatment for 8 min, the contamination rate of explants was 17.3% and the survival rate was 78%. The sterilized explants were inoculated into the initiation medium and cultured for 25 d, and ihe most suitable medium for start-up of the explants was found to he MS + 1.0 mg L-1 6-BA + 0.1 mg L-1 IB A + 30 g L-1 sucrose + 6.5 g L-1 AGAR, with initiation rate up lo 87.5%. After the initial culture, axillary buds of the explanls were cut off and inoculated into the enrichment medium for multiple shoots induction. I'inally, the optimal enrichment medium was selected as MS + 0.5 mg · L-1 6-BA + 0.1 mg · L-1 KT + 0.1 mg · I/1 IBA + 30 g · L'1 sucrose + 6.5 g · L'1 AGAR, and the subculture cycle was 25 d with the increment coefficient as high as 6.2. The best rooting medium was 1/2 MS + 0.1 mg · L -i IBA + 0.1 mg · L-1 IAA+ 30 g · L-1 sucrose + 6.5 g · L-1 AGAR, and rooting was induced for 30 d with a rooting rate of 97%. After seedling adaptation, the tissue culture seedlings of U. pumila were transplanted to mixed matrix with perlite : vermieulite : peal (volume ratio 1:1:1), and the survival rate reached above 90%. Higher increment coefficient, rooting rale and transplant survival rate can reduce production cost and realize factory seedling breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Transactions of Beijing Institute of Technology is the property of Beijing University of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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In order to explore the mechanism of response of growth and development of mulberry seedlings to the combination of red and blue light, the LEDs as light sources were used in this study with 6 treatments. The five different spectral treatments were expressed as the blue(B) light percentage: red light(0% B), blue light(100% B) and combinations of red and blue light(15% B, 20% B, 30% B, 50% B), the remaining percentage was red. Using white light as control, and the effects of different proportions of red and blue light on the growth and development of mulberry seedlings were studied to provide reference for practical application of red and blue LEDs. The results showed that different proportions of red and blue light treatments were performed in stages of seed germination and seedling growth of mulberry, affecting the growth performance of mulberry seedlings in the natural environment after transplanting.By evaluating the plant height, biomass, root collar diameter, plant height-root collar diameter ratio, shoot-root ratio and other parameters, especially the quality index, the growth performance of mulberry seedlings that germinated and grew under the combination of blue light(100% B) was better than that of seedlings treated with white light, red light(0% B), the combinations of red and blue light(15% B, 20% B, 30% B and 50% B). These results indicated that the blue light(100% B) was suitable for the breeding of mulberry seedlings in greenhouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)