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Objective: To explore the improved effect of the Pen Yan Xiao enema on microcirculation in mice. Methods: Sixty adult mice were used. Ten mice were used as control group. Fifty mice were induced with the high-molecular dextran to develop animal models of microcirculation disturbance, and then randomly divided into 5 groups as follows, model group, three groups treated with Pen Yan Xiao enema liquid (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 g/kg), and a group treated with Chuanxiongzine as positive control. Microcirculation in mice was compared before treatment and 5, 10, 20, 30 min after treatment using the WX-9 microcirculation microscope and the microcirculation detection and analysis system. Those parameters were analyzed, including the diameter size of capillary, the blood flow velocity, the blood flow pattern and the red cell aggregation. Results: Pen Yan Xiao enema can improve microcirculation in the model mice in a dose-dependent manner and a time-dependent manner. In three treatment groups, the diameter size of capillary and the blood flow velocity were increased; the blood flow pattern was improved, while the red cell aggregation was decreased. Those effects of large doses (10.0 g/kg) of Pen Yan Xiao enema were significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: Pen Yan Xiao enema can significantly improve microcirculation in the animal model of microcirculation disturbance induced by high polymer dextran, suggesting the pharmacologic action of Pen Yan Xiao on microcirculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This experiment mostly studies simulation of aperture distribution by computer. It confirms the relation of apparent distribution and sincere distribution by the computer simulation. This article introduces the target and contents of the this task first; then explains the study items which include molding means of foam, influence of bleb, experiment method of determine aperture distribution, Monte Carlo method and randomicity. Finally it explains the VB program of simulation aperture distribution. This experiment gains aperture distribution curve at last. This can consumedly advance dependability of confirm foam bosom aperture distribution by section photos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Affected by environment elements, the degeneration of mechanical property for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites under hygrothermal environments is an important engineering problem, and the key segment on solving this problem is how to reappear the aging effect of natural environment on CFRP by taking accelerated aging experiments under laboratory condition. Based on time-temperature-humidity superposition principle (TTHSP), the change of viscoelasticity for CFRP is considered as damage measure for Hygrothermal aging. The equivalent conversion relationship between different Hygrothermal environments is determined, and the calculating method of equivalent conversion coefficient is provided. Taking a typical CFRP used in warcraft structure for example, equivalent conversion coefficients under different hygrothermal environments are calculated, the accelerated aging environment spectrum are programmed according to the conversion of ground parking environment spectrum, and the accelerating result is acceptable . Finally, the influences of temperature and humidity on equivalent conversion coefficient are checked, and the result shows that the influence of temperature change on equivalent conversion coefficient is more remarkable than that of humidity change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problems of water shortage in fracturing operation and fracturing outlet liquid handling difficulty, the borate dissociation equilibrium principle is controlled by pH value to change the crosslinked state of guar gum fracturing fluid for the degradability of gel breaking under acidic condition. The molecular structure of guar gum is not damaged, so it can be crosslinked again. This paper used the biodegradation technology to degrade guar gum, and controlled the molecular weight of the guar gum by controlling the degradation conditions to control he degree of degradation of guar gum, eventually a low molecular crosslinked guar gum have been developed with molecular weight from 30 x 104 to 50 x 104 under the condition of borate. The viscosity of aqueous solution of the low molecular guar gum was low, and the water insoluble content was less than or equal to 4%. Taking a solid acid as a capsule core, a polymer being gradually dissolved in the water as the capsule dressing, a capsule breaker have been prepared using he method of air suspension film. The capsule breaker is not acidic on the ground for ensuring he fracturing fluid to be crosslinked well, and under formation temperature and pressure conditions the capsule breaker can gradually release the solid acid for the fracturing fluid degradability gel breaking. Taking the low molecular guar gum as the thickening agent, the capsule breaker parceling solid acid as the breaker, a recycled low molecular guar gum fracturing fluid has been developed. The fracturing fluid has been widely used in Sichuan Xu Jiahe reservoir reconstruction, and a lot of fracturing outlet liquids have been recycled. The effect of energy conservation and emissions reduction is remarkable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface quality of polymer-bonded-explosive( PBX) is a key factor to influence the explosive components and the weapons. An avalanche phenomenon, which is created by material, process and operating condition, on the cutting surface of PBX is observed by analyzing the cutting surface 3D-contour of PBX, which causes the difference between 2D arithmetical mean deviation of the profile and 3D arithmetical mean deviation of the profile to be 32%. Hence, a prediction model which consideres the multiple factors is established with the RBF neural network. The training and test of the prediction model illustrates that the model could reflect the regularity of cutting process, and the predicted error is within 2% . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra high molecular weight association polymer is a new kind of oil displacement polymer. Compared with common HPAM, it is qualified with high molecular weight and some degree of association action. It is different from the common oil displacement polymer with its morphology of the aggregate and displacement efficiency. A kind of ultra high molecular weight association polymer was chosen. Through Anton Paar rheometer test, CRYO-SEM test and flooding physical simulation process test, the viscosifying ability, viscoelastic behavior, morphology of the aggregate, profile control and displacement efficiency were evaluated. The results showed that compared with common HPAM, the ultra high molecular weight association polymer was qualified with better viscosifying ability, better viscoelastic behavior under salty water condition. It also showed a good oil displacement effect at high temperature and high salinity reservoir in Shengli oilfield, and it has a good application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic polymer/inorganic semiconductor hybrid solar cell has becoming a research hotspot because of its high theoretical efficiency. Hybrid solar cell combines the advantages of semiconducting polymer and inorganic semiconductor nanomate-rials. The background, composition and working mechanism of hybrid solar cell are introduced in this paper. The development of hybrid solar cell is discussed from the points of semiconducting polymer material, inorganic semiconductor material and phase interface modification. At last, a perspective on the future development of hybrid solar cell is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since entering into the late development stage of high water cut, the main layers of Wenzhong oilfield have been watered seriously, and the remaining oil distributes highly scattered, which results in poor water driving effect. Influencing by high temperature and high salinity, conventional granular profile controlling and flooding agent is not suitable because of big diameter, invalidity of deep formation plugging and short validity period. Based on these situations, research on mechanism of gel microspheres for deep profile controlling and flooding was developed. A kind of cross-linked polymer gel in Nano-size was synthesized by using micro-emulsion polymerization method, which is distributed evenly in water, and could easily arrive at the injected formation and swelled slowly when meeting water. Due to these features, the goal of synchronous coordination of water plugging controlling and flooding can be meet, which means that a gel microspheres with high temperature and salinity resistance was established for deep profile controlling and flooding. This system was applied in 11 well groups in Blocks Wen10 and Wen25, and 'PI+FD' profile controlling and injection parameter comprehensive adjustment method was designed during the field operation process. Good results have been achieved with increasing 21.35×104 t of water driving reserve and 3 562 t oil production form corresponding wells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of serious viscosity losses of the fluid solution into wells in the process of polymer flooding, the paper analyzed the reasons of the loss of polymer solution viscosity, mainly about the influence of Fe2+ concentration on polymer rheological properties. We respectively studied the influencing laws of different Fe2+ concentration in the solution to polymer intrinsic viscosity, viscoelasticity and tensile rheological property. The results showed that when Fe2+ concentration was under 0.5 mg/L, HPAM solution intrinsic viscosity, apparent viscosity and stretching rheological property were greatly reduced with the increase of Fe2+ concentration, while the influence trend slowed down gradually when Fe2+ concentration was over 0.5 mg/L. Thus, Fe2+ concentration of the injected water should be controlled under 0.5 mg/L, which can effectively eliminated the adverse impact of Fe2+ on the polymer solution viscosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the experiments aimed at studying the adsorption and distribution behavior of hydrophobic associating polymer are confined only to water-solid two-phase system in offshore oilfield. While there is a large number of oil actual existences in reservoir, and no experiment method is conducted to test the distribution behavior of hydrophobic associated polymer in multi-phase system. A set of experimental method has been established for the first time in order to evaluate the distribution of water soluble hydrophobic associated polymer AP-P4 among oil, water and sand based on the static adsorption principle. The distribution law of the AP-P4 polymer in three-phase system under different solution concentration and different salinity conditions can be accurately determinate. The suitable analysis method has been selected to measure the concentration of polymer in oil phase and water phase. By comparison with water-solid two-phase static adsorption result, it showed that the oil-water interface was enriched in hydrophobically associating polymer because of introducing oil phase even though the polymer is not dissolved in the oil phase. Comparing to the conventional two-phase static adsorption method, the newly technique can more comprehensive, more accurately reveals the interaction and mutual influence between the each phase, and contributes to deepen understanding the properties of hydrophobically associating polymer solution. The method also provides theoretical support for predicting the adsorption and retention in actual reservoir chemical flooding process, and evaluating emulsion polymer containing quantity in produced fluid treatment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new anchorage system-self-locking anchor (SLA) was proposed which can be used to tension and anchor lateral fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets. SLA mainly consists of two anchor heads, bolts, nuts and FRP belts, and it can be devided into the fixed anchors and the movable anchors. According to the needs, it can combine into anchor system for single-layer or double-layer FRP belts. Based on the tests for the working performance of SLA, the fixed anchors without bond glue can provide 20% lateral pre-stressing for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) belts and it is suitable for the fast strengthening of concrete columns; the movable anchors with simple technology can provide more than 30% lateral pre-stressing for CFRP belts and is more suitable for practical engineering. According to the test results, the calculating method of the size of anchor head and the length of FRP belts, the method of application and control of pre-stressing for lateral FRP belts by torque wrench and the conversion formula between the torque and the pre-stressing of lateral FRP belts were proposed, and the reliability of this conversion formula was also verified by the test results. Then the mechanism of SLA in the tension process of lateral FRP was analyzed, and the theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the SLA has good reliability and practicality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the axial compressive performance of circular concrete short columns strengthened with lateral pre-stressed fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), 25 specimens were manufactured and tested under axial compression. The main factors considered in the experiment included concrete strength, cross section size, spacing of stirrup, initial damage and surface treatment of the specimens, pre-stressing level, type and layers of FRP. The failure mode and the stress-strain curve of each specimen were obtained from the experiment and the impact on confining effect of various factors was analyzed. Experimental results show that the strength and ductility of circular concrete columns strengthened with lateral pre-stressed FRP can be improved significantly relative to the un-strengthened specimen, the stress hysteresis of lateral FRP can be avoided by pre-stressing, and the high strength of FRP can be better used. When the pre-stressing of lateral FRP within 0 ~ 0. 20 times of its ultimate tensile strength, the strength and ductility of specimens increase with the increase of lateral FRP's pre-stressing. The strengthening effect will be reduced when the pre-stressing of lateral FRP reacheds 0. 25 times of its ultimate tensile strength. So the pre-stressing of lateral FRP should be controlled within 0 ~ 0. 20 times of its ultimate tensile strength in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combustion of polyethylene (PE) was studied from the point of view of their molecular weight by the UL combustion test, which has been widely applied to evaluate the fire retardancy of polymeric materials. The PEs whose molecular weights were above 76,000 g/mol burnt out but the PE with a molecular weight of 35,000 g/mol did not bum after the ignition by a butane burner during the UL combustion test. The weight loss rates of both kinds of PE during the combustion procedure were the same although the combustions were quite different. The PEs with a molecular weights above 76,000 burnt out. However, we consider that rather than burning by direct combustion, the PE first melted and the melted specimen decomposed during its dropping and burning. Moreover, the molecular weight of the low molar mass PE, which dripped during the UL combustion test, did not change during burning. These results suggest PE can be used as non-flammable material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that the viscosity of polymer solutions is strongly dependent on the polymer molecular weight and concentration, as well as chain stiffness. Experimental zero-shear viscosity data for five polymer solution systems with different chain stiffness over wide ranges of polymer molecular weight and concentration are compared with a viscosity equation formulated on the basis of wormlike-cylinder and fuzzy-cylinder models. The viscosity equation contains adjustable parameters representing the strength of intermolecular hydrodynamic interaction, which cannot be calculated by molecular theory. When suitable values are chosen for these adjustable parameters, the results of the viscosity equation are favorably compared with the experimental data of the five polymer solution systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer-supported chiral 1,2-diamine and chiral 1,2-diamine monosulfonamide were successfully synthesized by polymer reaction and by polymerization. Sulfonic acid quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts were introduced into the support polymer to control the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance for asymmetric reactions in water. Polymer-supported chiral organocatalysts with quaternary ammonium salt were successfully synthesized by ion exchange reaction of the quaternary ammonium salt with sulfonated support polymer. These poly- mer-supported chiral catalysts were utilized in asymmetric hydrogenation, transfer hydrogenation, alkylation and Diels-Alder reactions. Optically active products were quantitatively obtained with high enantioselectivity. In some cases, the enantioselectivity of polymer-supported chiral catalysts was superior to that of the corresponding chiral molecular catalyst. Polymer-supported chiral catalysts were recovered and reused without significant loss of the catalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combination slug deep profile control injection system, slug optimization design and ground injection technique study were conducted aiming at severe heterogeneity of reservoir and quickly rising of comprehensive water cut in Liuzan oilfield. The injection profile control system is determined to be gel microspheres injection in alternating with high temperature phenolic resin cross-linked polymer system, and ground injection allocation process was adopted to make the layered rotation injection and parameter adjustment control easier. By the end of May, 2013, the cumulative incremental oil of test area is 9800t without taking the decrease into account while calculating decrease the value is 16 960 t. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]