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Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate whether porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)Nsp4 gene played a key role in the inhibition of β2M expression, which laid a foundation for further study of the immunosuppressive mechanism of PRRSV on antigen presentation. [Methods]In this experiment, the reverse genetic platform of PRRSV was established, and the wild PRRSV strain SH2020 was successfully saved. Based on the previous research on different domains of Nsp4 gene and the prediction of amino acid site function, three and five different amino acid sites in the Domain Ⅱ and Domain Ⅲ of NSP4 gene were screened, and different amino acid substitution mutations were performed on viral infectious cloning plasmids. The constructed infectious clone plasmids were then transfected into Marc-145 cells to rescue Nsp4 mutant PRRSV viruses. The rescued PRRSV virus was used to infect PAM cells at a MOI of 0.02, and RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to verify whether PRRSV Nsp4 gene could play a role in the expression of β2M in PAM cells. [Results]The mutant strain D2-5(Nsp4-A80L)was rescued successfully, the character of growth kinetics of which was similar to that of wild strain SH2020; but other mutant sites of Nsp4 gene led the restriction to the replication of the PRRSV which was not accessible to the experiment assay. It was verified that D2-5 strain could enhance the expression of the β2M on the Marc-145 and PAM through the Western blot and RT-qPCR while the wild strain SH2020 presented the inhibition to the β2M. [Conclusions]Nsp4 gene plays an important role in inhibiting the expression of β2M molecule in PRRSV cells, and Nsp4-A80L mutation can significantly promote the expression of β2M. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). As an RNA virus, there are extensive variations in the genome of PRRSV, of which NSP2 and ORF5 genes are predominant. As the strains of different lineages have characteristic nucleotide sequences in ORF5, ORF5 can be used for the typing of PRRSV. ORF5 encodes the GP5 protein. GP5 protein contains multiple epitopes, which can interact with cellular receptors thus affect viral infection and replication. In recent years, molecular epidemiological investigations on PRRSV tend to reveal amino acid mutations unique to different strains. These mutations usually occur in the signal peptide coding region, non-neutralizing epitope, neutralizing epitope and transmembrane region of GP5 protein. Therefore, some studies have correlated these mutation data with the virulence and neutralization capacity of the virus. Some researchers tried to speculate about the conformational or functional changes in GP5 protein by mutation and explain this link from the structural basis of protein interaction. The tertiary structure of GP5 cannot be observed by traditional high-resolution cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography method, therefore, bioinformatics methods become the only option for related researches. In addition, GP5 can be used for the development of genetic engineering vaccines. This article reviews bioinformatics studies on GP5 protein in recent years, and summarizes the effects of GP5 protein on virus infection, replication, virulence and neutralization as well as the performance evaluation of GP5-based genetic engineering vaccines.

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). As an RNA virus, there are extensive variations in the genome of PRRSV, of which NSP2 and ORF5 genes are predominant. As the strains of different lineages have characteristic nucleotide sequences in ORF5, ORF5 can be used for the typing of PRRSV. ORF5 encodes the GP5 protein. GP5 protein contains multiple epitopes, which can interact with cellular receptors thus affect viral infection and replication. In recent years, molecular epidemiological investigations on PRRSV tend to reveal amino acid mutations unique to different strains. These mutations usually occur in the signal peptide coding region, non-neutralizing epitope, neutralizing epitope and transmembrane region of GP5 protein. Therefore, some studies have correlated these mutation data with the virulence and neutralization capacity of the virus. Some researchers tried to speculate about the conformational or functional changes in GP5 protein by mutation and explain this link from the structural basis of protein interaction. The tertiary structure of GP5 cannot be observed by traditional high-resolution cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography method, therefore, bioinformatics methods become the only option for related researches. In addition, GP5 can be used for the development of genetic engineering vaccines. This article reviews bioinformatics studies on GP5 protein in recent years, and summarizes the effects of GP5 protein on virus infection, replication, virulence and neutralization as well as the performance evaluation of GP5-based genetic engineering vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University is the property of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Animal Science is the property of Chinese Society of Animal Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science / Zhongguo Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Society of Veterinary Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science / Zhongguo Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Society of Veterinary Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science / Zhongguo Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Society of Veterinary Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a study on the use of Annexin A2 and heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) in reducing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection.

The article focuses on the study which examines the effect of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-specific peptide on interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)- 10 secretion after classical swine fever (CSF) and PRRS vaccination. The study used enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay (ELISA) to measure the secretion levels of IFN-γ and IL-10. The study showed that PRRSV-GP5 specific peptide could promote IFN-γ secretion.

The article focuses on the study which examines the DNA vaccine to prevent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV).

The article presents a study which examines the sequence comparison of the open reading frame 5 (ORF5) and Nsp2 genes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolated from Shanxi province in China. The study investigates the obtained sequences and deduced amino acid. The study reveals that the prevalent PRRSV strains were the Nsp2 gene deleted 30 amino acid.

The article presents a study which aims to establish a rapid method for detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) on Nsp9 by a reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (RT-LAMP).

The article discusses a study of in vitro inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication by short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA) targeting to 5' untraslated region (UTR). RNA interfering efficiency was assayed by fluorocyte and cytopathic effect observation, indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and real time PCR. It states that shRNA targeting to 5' UTR could inhibit PRRSV replication that is essential for infectivity of porcine reproductive.

The article discusses a study on an immune response evaluation and reinforcing protective efficacy of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) attenuated vaccine by oligopeptide adjuvant. Blood samples were collected from piglets for detecting interleukins and interferons. It mentions that PRRSV attenuated vaccine diluted with oligopeptide adjuvant could reinforce cellular immunity by interferon gamma induced inflammation and improved efficacy.

The article discusses a study which examines the expression of apoptotic genes including Bcl-2 and Bax gene in porcine alveolar macrophages which are infected by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). It discusses the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with SYBR Green I cyanine dye, the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 messenger RNA, and the mechanism of mitochondrial pathway and death receptor pathway of cell apoptosis in swine.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which causes great economic losses. At the moment, no effective neutralizing antibody is available for scientific research and treatment. Therefore, developing a method for screening the neutralizing monoclonal antibodies is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of PRRSV and the screening of antigen sites. Monoclonal antibodies have been widely used in the treatment and diagnosis of many human and animal diseases. Therefore, screening effective neutralizing antibodies for different pathogens is an urgent task. Among the methods for monoclonal antibody screening, B cell immortalization is an effective method to obtain neutralizing monoclonal antibody. Specifically, in this study, the bcl-6 and bcl-xl genes were connected by f2a and then the yielded product was ligated to a vector for retrovirus packaging. The swine lymphocytes immunized with PRRSV were infected the yielded mature viruses and cultured in the complete medium containing CD40L and IL21 cytokines. Then, CD21 was used as the marker to screen B cells with the magnetic bead method. Finally, monoclonal B cells were obtained and the secretion of antibodies was tested. The results showed that the plasmid, either being transfected alone or with the packaged plasmids, could be expressed, and that the packaged retrovirus could infect the cells. Moreover, the infected lymphocytes secreted antibodies, so did the screened B cells. Therefore, the method for screening monoclonal antibody against PRRSV was successfully established.