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BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease is a multifactorial neurological disorder characterized by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has potent neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects in neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE: To explore the neuroprotective mechanism of DMF in a mouse model of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson’s disease. METHODS: Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were selected and randomly divided into control group, model group, low-dose DMF, and high-dose DMF groups. An animal model of Parkinson’s disease was established in the latter three groups by intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg MPTP, once a day for 5 consecutive days. Intragastric administration was given 30 minutes after each injection of MPTP. Mice in the low-dose DMF group (30 mg/kg) and high-dose DMF group (50 mg/kg) were intragastrically administered once a day for 7 consecutive days. The control and model groups were initially administered the same dose of normal saline. Behavioral testing, western blot, oxidative stress marker detection, and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze the regulatory effects of DMF on oxidative stress and Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway in MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease mice, as well as the protective mechanism of DMF on degeneration of dopamine neurons. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, mice in the low-dose DMF group exhibited significant improvements in motor retardation and postural imbalance (P < 0.01), with even more remarkable improvements observed in the high-dose DMF group (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the model group showed a significant increase in the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde and a decrease in superoxide dismutase expression (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the low-dose DMF group reduced malondialdehyde production and increased superoxide dismutase expression (P < 0.01), and similar improvements were observed in the high-dose DMF group (P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical and western blot assays demonstrated a significant decrease in the number of dopaminergic neurons and tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression in the substantia nigra of mice in the model group compared with the control group (P < 0.01). However, in the low-dose DMF group, there was an increase in the number of dopaminergic neurons and tyrosine hydroxylase protein expression in the substantia nigra (P < 0.01), with even more significant improvements in the high-dose DMF group (P < 0.01). Western blot results revealed that the model group exhibited elevated Keap1 protein expression and decreased Nrf2 protein expression. In contrast, the DMF groups showed reduced Keap1 protein expression and increased Nrf2 protein expression compared to the model group (P < 0.01). To conclude, DMF regulates the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway in the substantia nigra of mice with Parkinson’s disease, and this regulatory effect is positively correlated with the dose of DMF (P < 0.01). Therefore, we infer that DMF exerts neuroprotective effects through the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the correlation between angiotensin including angiotensin (Ang) Ⅰ, Ang Ⅱ and Ang 1⁃7］with its converting enzyme including angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2］and cognitive and motor impairments in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: Two hundred patients diagnosed with PD at Jiangyin People’s Hospital between September 1, 2023 and June 1, 2024 were included. We evaluated cognitive and motor functions of patients by collecting medical history, assessed cognitive function by using Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), mini ⁃ mental state examination (MMSE) and other scales, and assessed motor symptoms by using the International Movement Disorders Association Parkinson’s Disease Score scale. Serum samples were collected. ACE, ACE2, AngⅠ, AngⅡ, Ang1 ⁃ 7 and other indicators were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method, and PD cognitive and motor disorders were predicted by a random forest model. Results: The predictive model of PD cognitive impairment was constructed based on ACE, AngⅠ, AngⅡ, Ang1⁃7 and age, and the accuracy of the validation set was 0.847, the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.909. Based on the ACE, AngⅠ and Ang1⁃7, the prediction model of PD dyskinesia was built, and the AUC value of validation set was 0.618. Patients with early versus late dyskinesia showed statistically significant differences in ACE, AngⅠ, AngⅡ, and Ang1⁃7 levels regardless of the presence or absence of cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The differences of ACE and Ang Ⅰlevels in PD cognitive and motor disorders suggest that those indicators may play key roles in the progression of PD disease. The random forest model performed well in predicting PD cognitive impairment and was helpful in early identification of PD patients with cognitive dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To construct a lentiviral interference plasmid targeting collapse response regulatory protein 1 (CRMP1) gene, to establish a human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) with stable CRMP1 knockdown, and to investigate its impact on expression of NLRP3 inflammasome protein. Methods: Double-stranded shRNA was designed and synthesized targeting h-CRMP1 mRNA sequence, and cloned into PLKO.1 vector. Recombinant shCRMP1 plasmids were constructed correctly, which was transfected into HEK-293T cells for lentiviral packaging. Obtained lentivirus supernatant was concentrated and then infected into SH-SY5Y cells. The interference effect of shCRMP1 plasmid and protein expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome components in SH-SY5Y cells were detected by Western blot. Results: DNA sequencing results showed that insertion sequences of recombinant interference plasmids pLKO.1-shCRMP1 were consistent with designed sequences, which confirmed successful construction of shCRMP1 lentivirus interfering plasmids and transfected into HEK-293T cells for lentivirus packaging, and protein level of CRMP1 in HEK-293T cells were decreased. SH-SY5Y cells were infected with lentivirus concentrate obtained from packaging and screened with puromycin. Western blot results showed that shCRMP1 recombinant lentiviral plasmids could significantly down-regulate CRMP1 protein expression in SH-SY5Y cells. It was also found that in SH-SY5Y cell line with stable CRMP1 knockdown, inhibition of CRMP1 expression could effectively inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation under MPP+ induction. Conclusion: pLKO.1-shCRMP1 lentiviral interfering plasmids have been successfully constructed, and interference with CRMP1 can inhibit activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells. This study provides guidance for further research on mechanism of CRMP1 in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Hainan Medical University is the property of Journal of Hainan Medical College Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Hainan Medical University is the property of Journal of Hainan Medical College Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease has the main pathological changes in the midbrain, especially in the dense substantia nigra, leading to impaired motor and non-motor function in patients. At present, research is limited by cellular heterogeneity, and its pathogenesis still needs to be further elucidated. In recent years, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has gradually been applied in neurodegenerative diseases, which is of great significance for understanding intercellular heterogeneity, disease development mechanisms, and treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of scRNA-seq technology applied to Parkinson’s disease in recent years, providing a theoretical basis for the application of scRNA-seq in the treatment and diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease. METHODS: The first author used a computer system to search for relevant literature in the CNKI, WanFang, PubMed, and Web of Science databases, with the Chinese search terms “single-cell RNA sequencing, Parkinson’s disease, cell heterogeneity, cell subtypes, dopaminergic neurons, glial cells” and English search terms “single-cell RNA seq, Parkinson disease, heterogenicity, subtypes, dopaminergic neurons, glial cells.” 71 articles were ultimately included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) scRNA-seq is a high-throughput experimental technique that utilizes RNA sequencing at the single-cell level to quantify gene expression profiles in specific cell populations, revealing cellular mysteries at the molecular level. Compared with traditional sequencing techniques, scRNA-seq technology is used to reveal the diversity of cell types and changes in specific gene expression in complex tissues under various physiological and pathological conditions through automatic clustering analysis of cell transcriptome. (2) By using scRNA-seq, the development process of dopaminergic neurons and the unique functional characteristics of various cell subtypes are elucidated, in order to better understand potential therapeutic molecular targets. (3) The use of scRNA-seq analysis has improved our understanding of the response of Parkinson’s disease glial cells, enabling us to comprehensively map and characterize different cell type populations, identify specific glial cell subpopulations related to neurodegeneration, and draw valuable single cell maps as reference data for future research. (4) The application of scRNA-seq to detect embryonic mice and stem cells will help improve the in vitro differentiation protocol and quality control of cell therapy, as well as evaluate the overall cell quality and developmental stage of dopaminergic neurons derived from stem cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To quantify brain iron content in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients by using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) based on phase linearity fitting. Combined with texture analysis methods, the magnetic susceptibility distribution characteristics of gray matter nuclei in PD patients were quantitatively analyzed with multiple parameters and dimensions, and the sensitivity of texture features was evaluated with clinical scoring. Methods·Quantitative susceptibility images from 20 PD patients and 20 healthy controls (HC) were analyzed retrospectively. Regions of interest in basal ganglia were manually segmented, followed by three-dimensional texture analysis by using gray-level run-length matrix (GLRLM). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare differences between the two groups, and the bilateral Pearson linear correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to evaluate the correlation between texture parameters and UPDRS-III clinical scores. Results·The analysis of texture feature parameters showed that there were significant differences between the PD and HC groups in the gray matter nuclei. Among all the texture feature parameters of GLRLM, LngREnch showed significant differences between the PD group and the HC group in the five gray matter nuclei measured. The average magnetic susceptibility of gray matter nuclei and GLRLM texture parameters were sensitive in distinguishing PD from HC (AUC>0.5). The AUC values of RLNonUni, LngREnch, ShrtREmp, and Fraction were higher than that of the average magnetization susceptibiliyt. The correlation analysis showed that RLNonUni and GLevNonU in the caudate nucleus (CN), as well as GLevNonU in the red nucleus (RN), were significantly correlated with UPDRS-III scores, while no significant clinical correlations were found for the remaining parameters. Conclusion·Compared to the mean magnetic susceptibility values, GLRLM texture parameters provide better differentiation between the PD and HC groups. Multiparameter texture analysis offers a novel approach to QSM-based quantitative assessment of brain iron content, which can provide additional multidimensional quantitative information for the non-invasive diagnosis of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To measure the Young's modulus values of the quadriceps muscles (rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis) and tendons in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients using realtime shear wave elastography (SWE) technology, and to analyze the changes in muscle and tendon tone. Methods A total of 60 clinically diagnosed PD patients from Yunnan University Affiliated Hospital between April 2023 and April 2024 were included in the study group. Based on the scores and ratings of PD rating scale, patients were divided into Group A (symptomatic side, n = 60) and Group B (less symptomatic side, n = 60). An additional 60 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The shear wave elastography function of the ACUSON Sequoia ultrasound diagnostic device from Siemens USA was used to measure the Young's modulus values (kPa) of the quadriceps muscles and tendons in a relaxed state, and to analyze and compare the changes in muscle and tendon tone. Results The Young's modulus values of quadriceps muscles (rectus femoris, intermedius femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis) in groups A and B were higher than those in control group (P < 0.05). The Young's modulus values of the intermediate and lateral femoris muscles in group A were higher than that in group B (all P < 0.05). The Young's modulus values of quadriceps tendon in groups A and B were higher than that in control group. (P < 0.05). The Young modulus value of quadriceps tendon in group A was higher than that in group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Patients with Parkinson's disease exhibit increased muscle and tendon tone in the quadriceps. Notably, the muscle tone of the vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis on the symptomatic side is higher than that on the less symptomatic side, while there is no significant difference in muscle tone between the rectus femoris and vastus medialis on the symptomatic and less symptomatic sides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the alterations in surface electromyogram (sEMG) of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles during straight - line walking in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients with freezing of gait (FOG), and their correlations with clinical features. Methods: Twelve PD patients with FOG, thirteen PD patients without FOG, and eleven healthy controls (HC) underwent clinical assessments, gait kinematics acquisition, and sEMG evaluations during straight - line walking. The sEMG signal characteristics of the severely affected tibialis anterior and medial head of the gastrocnemius muscles during different phases of the gait cycle were analyzed using thenormalized root mean square (RMS) and co-activation ratio. Additionally, the correlations between sEMG alterations and clinical features were explored. Results: Compared to the HC and PD patients without FOG, PD patients with FOG exhibited slower gait speed, shorter stride length, reduced swing phase, and increased gait variability (P < 0.05). During the single support phase of the gait cycle, the normalized RMS of the tibialis anterior in FOG patients was significantly lower than that of the HC (P < 0.05). In the pre-swing phase, the normalized RMS of the tibialis anterior in the PD patients with FOG was significantly reduced compared to the PD patients without FOG (P < 0.01), while the PD patients without FOG showed elevated normalized RMS of the tibialis anterior compared to the HC (P < 0.01). For the gastrocnemius, the normalized RMS during the pre - swing phase was significantly lower in the FOG patients compared to the patients without FOG and HC (P < 0.05). Moreover, the co-activation ratio of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius during the swing phase was reduced in the FOG patients compared to the patients without FOG (P < 0.05). In the FOG patients, the normalized RMS of the gastrocnemius during the pre-swing phase was significantly correlated with the severity of FOG (r=-0.758, P=0.007), as well as the co -activation ratio during the swing phase and stride length variability (r= 0.716, P=0.013) . Conclusion: The decreased sEMG activity of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius during the pre - swing phase, along with a reduced co-activation ratio during the swing phase, are key features of FOG in PD during straight-line walking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As a mature neuromodulation technique, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been widely used in the treatment of various neurological and psychiatric disorders. Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the earliest indications for DBS and has received the most treatment so far. It has attracted extensive attention and in-depth research from the academic community for a long time, and has made remarkable progress in multiple fields. This review highlights the optimization of DBS for PD, focusing on two key directions: surgical technology innovation and neural circuit mechanism research. It explores the surgical technology innovation, equipment innovation, and programming strategy improvement of DBS, as well as the recognition and application of neural circuit markers. These studies not only significantly improve the efficacy of PD treatment, but also provide valuable ideas and scientific basis for the future development of neuromodulation technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common movement disorders, primarily affecting middle-aged and elderly individuals. With the increasing aging population, the incidence of PD is rising, placing a heavy burden on patients' families and society. Objective To investigate the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with entacapone-levodopa-carbidopa (LCE) on motor and non-motor symptoms in PD patients. Methods The study employed a randomized, double-blind design. A total of 110 PD patients who visited the Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Group Suqian Hospital from August 2022 to May 2024 were selected and randomly divided into a control group (n=32) , a LCE group (n=40) , and an observation group (n=38) . The control group received Madopar treatment (0.5 tablet per dose, 3 doses per day) and sham stimulation, the LCE group received LCE treatment (1 tablet per dose, 3 doses per day) and sham stimulation, and the observation group received LCE (1 tablet per dose, 3 doses per day) combined with rTMS treatment (40 sequences per day, once daily, 5 times per week) for 4 weeks. The Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale PartⅢ (UPDRSⅢ) , Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) , Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) , Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS) , Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) , Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease-Autonomic (SCOPA-AUT) , and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were used to assess improvements in motor and non-motor symptoms before and after treatment. Results In the control group, UPDRSⅢ scores decreased and ADL scores increased after treatment compared to pre-treatment (P0.05) . Conclusion Treatment with rTMS combined with LCE can significantly improve motor and non-motor symptoms in PD patients, with better efficacy than monotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Currently, the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is not clear. Relevant studies have shown that α-synuclein and mitochondria are closely related to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. It mainly involves oxidative stress, mitochondrial complex damage, calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial quality control. OBJECTIVE: To review the association between α-synuclein and mitochondrial damage in Parkinson's disease. METHODS: The first author searched more than 50 documents from CNKI and WanFang databases from 2010 to 2024 using the keywords of "Parkinson's disease, mitochondrial damage and mechanism, α-synuclein" in Chinese as well as more than 750 documents from PubMed between 2010 and 2024 using the keywords of "Parkinson's disease, alpha-synuclein, mitochondria, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, mitophagy, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial protein introduction" in English. Finally, 70 documents were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Recent studies have confirmed the important role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, and the interaction between α-synuclein and mitochondria is a particularly significant factor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. The cascade of events that begin with naturally unfolded α-synuclein and eventually form mature fibril is collectively known as α-synuclein aggregation. The toxicity of aggregation accumulates in dopaminergic neurons and then disrupts mitochondrial function, thereby triggering Parkinson's disease. Therefore, the underlying mechanism of this bidirectional relationship between α-synuclein and mitochondrial dysfunction may provide new insights into the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main pathological features of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the formation of Lewy bodies in the basal ganglia, but its exact etiology remained unknown. A large number of studies have shown that neuroinflammation is closely associated with the development and progression of PD, and the research on inflammation-related mechanisms may help to provide new targets for the prevention and control of PD and search for new treatment strategies. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can effectively improve the symptoms of PD patients and alleviate neuroinflammation, but further studies are needed to clarify its detailed mechanism. This article summarizes the association of neuroinflammation with the development and progression of PD, analyzes the role of rTMS in the treatment of neuroinflammation in PD, and proposes the future research directions.

Background The incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasing year by year, which has increased the disease burden of medical insurance, and the current chronic disease management model has not played a role in the community management of PD patients. Objective To explore the effect of PD management model led by a movement disorders specialist and centered on community doctors, in order to improve the comprehensive management ability of community doctors for PD patients and improve the quality of life of PD patients. Methods One hundred and two PD patients who were treated at the Neurology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology from January 2022 to May 2023 were selected as the research subjects and were divided into the control group and the active intervention group by random digit table method, with 51 cases in each group. The control group received conventional community management, while the active intervention group received proactive management by community doctors specializing in PD. The management content included drug adjustment, exercise rehabilitation, dietary nutrition, cognitive function and psychological function management. Evaluations were conducted for the patients within one week of their return to the community (before intervention) and six months later (after intervention). The evaluation included a single day equivalent dose of levodopa, UPDRS-Ⅲ, UPDRS-Ⅳ, Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) staging, and 39-item Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQ-39) . Results At 6 months, the levodopa equivalent dose in the active intervention group was higher than before management, and the UPDRS-Ⅲ score, other complication dimensions of UPDRS-Ⅳ, and PDQ-39 score were lower than before (P0.05). The results of the univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of PDQ-39 reduction in the active intervention group was 11.769 times that of the control group (95%CI=4.340-31.918, P

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of exosomal miR-1246 for Parkinson’s disease （PD）. Methods Serum samples were collected from 30 PD patients （PD group） and 30 healthy controls （control group） receiving physical examination in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from September 2022 to April 2023. The expression level of miR-1246 in exosomes was analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR. The predictive value of miR-1246 in the diagnosis of PD was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves. SH-SY5Y cells were induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium （MPP+） to establish a PD cell model. The optimal concentration of MPP+ was determined by CCK-8 assay， and the expression level of miR-1246 was verified in the MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cell model. The target genes of miR-1246 were predicted using TargetScan， miRWalk， and miRase databases， and gene ontology （GO） analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） functional enrichment analysis were performed. Results Age and gender were matched between the PD and control groups. Compared with healthy controls， miR-1246 expression was significantly down-regulated in serum exosomes of PD patients [0.73 （0.20， 1.21） vs. 2.21 （1.00， 3.05）， P < 0.05]. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve （AUC） of miR-1246 was 0.88 with a 95% CI of 0.77-0.99. When the cutoff value was 0.98（optimum cutoff value）， the sensitivity was calculated as 76.74% and the specificity was 95.00%. GO enrichment analysis indicated that the mechanism of action of target genes was involved with cellular junction assembly， cellular response to peptide hormones， GABA synapses， post-synaptic membranes， and transcriptional coactivator protein binding. KEGG signaling pathway was involved with glycoprotein pathway， PI3K-AKT signaling pathway， longevity regulation pathway， dopaminergic synapses， and RAS signaling pathway in cancer. In the MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cell model， miR-1246 expression was significantly down-regulated compared with the control group （2.16±1.69 vs. 22.18±6.18， P < 0.05）. Conclusions The expression level of miR-1246 is down-regulated in serum exosomes of PD patients and in PD cell models. ROC curve analysis confirms the predictive value of miR-1246 in the diagnosis of PD， suggesting that it may serve as a potential biomarker for PD.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic degenerative disorder of the nervous system. Lipids, as fundamental components of cells, are integral to both structural functions and physiological roles. They are essential for the development of brain structures and the maintenance of normal physiological activity in nerve cells. Lipid metabolism is intricately involved in the pathological progression of PD. This review primarily summarizes the abnormalities in lipid metabolism observed in PD, the resultant pathological damage, and lipid metabolism-based therapeutic strategies. Additionally, it discusses recent advancements in related drug research and explores future prospects in this field.

Sirtuins(SIRTs), a group of NAD+ dependent deacetylases, have attracted considerable attention in the field of neuro-degenerative diseases, especially Parkinson's disease (PD). They have critical impacts on cell survival and death through modulation of various biological processes, such as intracellular metabolism, stress response and DNA repair. In the pathogenesis of PD, Sirtuins play a crucial role and associated with pathophysiological processes such as mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, and neuronal apoptosis. Activation of Sirtuins alleviates dyskinesia and neuronal damage in animal models of PD and also regulates the aggregation and clearance of α-synuclein, a pathological feature of the disease. Therefore, the modulation of Sirtuins is a potential strategy for treating PD.

Objective This study aims to investigate the feasibility of diagnosing early-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients by combining functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signals with machine learning algorithms. Methods Sixty PD patients as well as 60 healthy controls, diagnosed between December 2021 and August 2023 at Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, were consecutively enrolled in this study. The ETG-4000 near-infrared brain imaging system with 22 channels (CH) was used to record changes in oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations in the prefrontal cortex of the subjects. A general linear model was applied to calculate the activation degree (β value) for each channel. Four machine learning diagnostic models were developed: support vector machine (SVM), back-propagation (BP) neural network, random forest, and logistic regression models. The performance of the four diagnostic models was evaluated based on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. Additionally, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis was applied to improve the interpretability of the optimal model. SHAP values for each channel were calculated, and the weighted average of the SHAP values from different channels was summarized. By combining this with the brain region distribution, the contribution of different brain regions to the model’s classification task was obtained. Results The accuracy of the four diagnostic models ranged from 81% to 90%, sensitivity from 69% to 89%, specificity from 93% to 100%, and the area under the ROC curve from 0.90 to 0.98. The SVM model outperformed the others, achieving an area under the ROC curve of 0.96, accuracy of 90%, sensitivity of 89%, and specificity of 93%. SHAP analysis revealed that the four channels contributing most to the SVM model were CH08, CH05, CH01, and CH13, with the right frontopolar cortex (FPC) region contributing the largest share (36.5% of the total). Conclusions The model based on fNIRS signals and the SVM algorithm shows great diagnostic advantages in diagnosing early-stage PD patients, with sensitivity (89%) and specificity (93%) exceeding those of most existing methods. Future research should focus on the fNIRS signal characteristics of the right frontopolar cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex regions to further improve the performance of the diagnostic model.

BACKGROUND: Studies have found that nicotine can activate the dopamine system, slowing the progression of Parkinson’s disease, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. Research on the neuroprotective mechanism of nicotine in animal models of Parkinson’s disease is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neuroprotective effect of nicotine on rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease in mice. METHODS: Twenty-eight C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into vehicle group, rotenone group, autophagy agonist group and nicotine group, with seven mice in each group. Dopaminergic nerve damage was induced by rotenone in C57BL/6 mice, and the autophagy agonist (rapamycin) or nicotine was given before modeling. The spatial exploration function of the mice was observed by open field test. Western blot and Q-PCR were used to detect the expression of α-synuclein, autophagy related factors Beclin-1 and P62, and apoptosis-related factors Bax, Bcl-2 and Cleaved-caspase3 in the nigra of each group. The deposition of mitochondria, autophagosomes and lipofuscin in nigra cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The survival of neurons was observed by Nissl staining. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase was observed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The open field test showed that the distance, average speed and time of movement were reduced in the rotenone group compared with the solvent group. Compared with the rotenone group, the exercise distance, average speed and exercise time of mice were increased in the nicotine group and autophagy agonist group (P < 0.05). The results of immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry showed that the mean fluorescence intensity and mean absorbance value of tyrosine hydroxylase in the rotenone group decreased compared with that in the solvent group. Compared with the rotenone group, the mean fluorescence intensity and mean absorbance value of tyrosine hydroxylase were increased in the nicotine group and autophagy agonist group. Western blot and Q-PCR results showed that compared with the solvent group, the expressions of α-synuclein and P62 in the rotenone group were increased, while Beclin-1 expression was decreased (P < 0.05); compared with the rotenone group, the expression of α-synuclein and P62 decreased in the nicotine group and autophagy agonist group, and the expression of Beclin-1 increased (P < 0.05). Compared with the solvent group, the expressions of Bax and Cleaved caspase3 were increased and Bcl-2 expression was decreased in the rotenone group (P < 0.05); compared with the rothenone group, the expressions of Bax and Cleaved-caspase3 were decreased and the expression of Bcl-2 was increased in the nicotine and autophagy agonist groups (P < 0.05). To conclude, nicotine may have a dopaminergic neuroprotective effect on rotenone-induced Parkinson’s disease mouse models by improving autophagy dysfunction and reducing apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to investigate the role of the neurodegenerative disease gene C19orf12 in the H1299 cell line and to analyze the potential impact of its pathogenic mutant (p.Ala63Pro). Methods: The expression levels of C19orf12 in various cell lines, including Hela, A549, U2OS, and H1299, were analyzed using Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and West- ern Blot. An shRNA lentiviral expression vector targeting C19orf12 was constructed, and C19orf12 was knocked down in the H1299 cell line. Data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics was utilized to analyze the effect of C19orf12 knockdown on the cellular protein expression profile. Differentially expressed proteins were subjected to protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and the MCODE tool was used to identify key protein interaction sub-networks. Finally, immunofluorescence and coimmunoprecipitation were performed to analyze the subcellular localization and interaction changes of the C19orf12 mutant proteins. Results: C19orf12 was expressed at relatively high levels in H1299 cells and its knockdown significantly inhibited cell growth. Proteomic analysis identified 216 significantly differentially expressed proteins, with 132 upregulated and 84 downregulated. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses revealed that these differentially expressed proteins were mainly involved in pathways related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease, as well as mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, and heart disease-related pathways. The pathogenic mutant of C19orf12 (p.Ala63Pro) lost the ability to interact with multiple key proteins. Conclusion: C19orf12 plays a key role in cell growth, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, lipid metabolism, and cardiac disease, and its mutation can lead to alterations in protein interaction networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the risk factors of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients with primary Parkinson's disease (PD) after deep brain stimulation (DBS). Methods The clinical data of 431 patients who underwent DBS in Nanjing Brain Hospital from January 2016 to June 2023 were analyzed retrospectively, including gender, age, body mass index, past medical history, intraoperative medication, intraoperative blood pressure, intraoperative temperature, depth of anesthesia, postoperative outcome and other indexes. The patients were divided into PONV group and non-PONV group according to whether nausea and vomiting occurred within 24 hours after operation. After univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors for PONV after DBS. Results The incidence of PONV in patients with PD was 9.3%. Female (P = 0.027), history of upper gastrointestinal surgery (P = 0.022), intraoperative hypothermia (P = 0.003) and intraoperative dezocine (P = 0.027) were independent risk factors for PONV. Local anesthesia + general anesthesia (P = 0.027) were protective factors. Conclusions Female, history of upper gastrointestinal surgery, hypothermia during surgery and intraoperative use of dezocine are independent risk factors for PONV. Local and general anesthesia were protective factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the potential of using a multi-point wearable device in facilitating early diagnosis of Parkinson' s disease (PD) with the unified Parkinson' s disease rating scale Ⅲ (UPDRSⅢ) . Methods: A total of 54 subjects were recruited in this study. They were divided into the early PD group (n=30, UPDRSⅢ<30 points) and the normal control group (n=24) . Each subject wore a multi-point wearable device when performing the standard actions required by the UPDRSⅢ. Ten inertial sensors were employed to collect data on angular speed, acceleration, and other parameters from the subject' s chest, waist, knee joints, elbow joints, ankle joints, and both feet. The motor parameters of specific movements were compared between the two groups, and a support vector machine within ten - fold cross - validation was used to calculate the optimal model to distinguish the two groups and assess its diagnostic potentials. Results: There were significant statistical differences in the motion parameters of wearable devices in the early PD group and the normal control group after completing the specified actions of UPDRSⅢ (P < 0.05) . The accuracy of speech action between the two groups was the highest, reaching 0.907. Compared to the upper body movements, the lower body movement and the whole body movements had higher consistency, sensitivity and accuracy, allowing for specific identification of motor dysfunction in early PD patients. Conclusion: Multi - point wearable devices can objectively evaluate the characteristics of movement disorders in early PD patients, and can be used as a tool for auxiliary diagnosis and quantitative evaluation of early PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To explore the characteristics of early postural control disorders in elderly patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Method: The sensory organization test (SOT), limits of stability (LOS), and adaptation test (ADT) were performed on 15 patients with early-stage PD and 10 healthy elderly patients using a dynamic and static balance training system. Result: Compared with the healthy group, in the SOT, early PD patients showed no significant differences in the comprehensive score of sensory organization, proprioceptive, visual, and visual dependence (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference in vestibular balance control (P<0.05). In the LOS, early PD patients exhibited decreased forward and backward max excursions (MXE) (P<0.05), increased reaction time (RT) (P< 0.05), and decreased backward directional control (DCL) (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in forward DCL, left and right MXE, RT, DCL (P>0.05). In the ADT, there were no significant differences in the incidence of the first fall and the incidence of the last four falls in PD patients and healthy groups in the forward and backward tilt tests (P>0.05). Conclusion: Early PD elderly patients already have postural control disorders, particularly with decreased limits of stability in forward and backward directions and reduced ability to maintain balance using vestibular input. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Basic & Clinical Medicine is the property of Editorial Office of Basic & Clinical Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of New Medicine is the property of Sun Yat Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To observe the ameliorative effects of the self-formulated Danxing Zhichan decoction on the dyskinesia and neuronal damage in mice with Parkinson's disease and to explore the mechanism. Methods Forty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group, model group, positive control group, and low-, medium- and high-dose Danxing Zhichan decoction groups, with eight mice in each group. The PD models were prepared by gavage with rotenone solution in all groups except the control group, and mice in the control group were given saline by gavage once a day for 28 d. After successful modeling, mice in the low-, medium- and high-dose Danxing Zhichan decoction groups were given Danxing Zhichan decoction 11. 1,22. 2 and 44. 4 g/(kg·d) by gavage, and mice in the positive control group were given Medoba Suspension 112. 5 mg/(kg·d) by gavage, and mice in the control group and model group were given 0. 4 mL normal saline by gavage once a day for 28 d. The motor ability of mice was observed using the grid test and the rotating rod test, and the α synaptic nuclear proteins (α-Syn) in the nigral region of the midbrain was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65, and α-Syn protein were detected by Western blotting. Results Mouse movement latency was as follows: control group < positive control group, medium-dose Danxing Zhichan decoction group < high-dose Danxing Zhichan decoction group < low-dose Danxing Zhichan decoction group and model group, and the rotating rod holding time was as follows: control group > positive control group, medium-dose Danxing Zhichan decoction group > high-dose Danxing Zhichan decoction group > low-dose Danxing Zhichan decoction group and model group (all P<0. 05). The proportion of a-Syn positive cells in the substantia nigra region of mouse midbrain was as follows: control group < positive control group, medium-dose Danxing Zhichan decoction group < high-dose Danxing Zhichan decoction group < low-dose Danxing Zhichan decoction group and model group (all P<0. 05), and the TLR4, NF-κB p65 and a-Syn protein expression were as follows: control group < positive control group, mediumdose Danxing Zhichan decoction group < high-dose Danxing Zhichan decoction group < low-dose Danxing Zhichan decoction group and model group (all P<0. 05). Conclusion Self-formulated Danxing Zhichan decoction can alleviate the dyskinesia and neuronal damage in PD mice, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of TLR4/NF-κB pathway and thus inhibiting the central neuroinflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the impacts and possible mechanism of donepezil combined with Madopar on neuronal apoptosis and cognitive function in Parkinson's disease (PD) rats. Methods: The PD rats with successful modeling were grouped into model group (normal saline), Madopar group (11.0 mg/kg Madopar), donepezil group (0.6 mg/kg donepezil hydrochloride), and donepezil+ Madopar group (11.0 mg/kg Medopa+0.6 mg/kg donepezil hydrochloride), another 12 rats were taken as the sham operation group (normal saline). The motor function and cognitive function of the rats in each group were evaluated; the positive expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was detected by immunohistochemistry; Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of TH protein, apoptosis related proteins (cleaved caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2) and PI3K/AKT pathway related proteins; TUNEL staining was used to detect the apoptosis rate; commercial kits were applied to detect the levels of oxidative stress indicators (MDA, SOD, GSH-Px) and inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α). Results: Compared with the sham operation group, the number of rotations in model group was increased, the fall latency was shortened, the spontaneous alternation behavior (SAB) correct rate was reduced, the escape latency was prolonged, and the number of crossing the original platform was reduced, the positive expression of TH in the substantia nigra, the expression levels of TH and Bcl-2 proteins, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px, p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT were decreased, the apoptosis rate of substantia nigra neurons, the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins, the content of MDA, the levels of IL-6, IL-18 and TNF- α were increased (P<0.05); the Madopar, donepezil and donepezil+Madopar could reduce the number of rotations, prolong the fall latency, increase the SAB correct rate, shorten the escape latency, and increase the number of crossing the original platform in PD rats, increased the positive expression of TH in the substantia nigra, the expression levels of TH and Bcl-2 proteins, the activities of SOD and GSH-Px, p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT, decreased the apoptosis rate of substantia nigra neurons, the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins, the content of MDA, and the levels of IL-6, IL-18 and TNF-α (P<0.05), and the effect of donepezil+Madopar group were significantly better than that of Madopar group and donepezil group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Donepezil combined with Madopar can reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in PD rats, and improve cognitive function, which may be achieved by activating PI3K/AKT pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective There is evidence suggesting a causal relationship between circulating inflammatory proteins and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, no studies have analyzed the causal relationship between them. This study employs a bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to explore the bidirectional causal relationship between 91 inflammatory proteins and PD. Methods Bidirectional MR analysis was conducted using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) associated with 91 inflammatory proteins and PD population GWAS data (including 33 674 PD cases and 449 056 controls). The inverse variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and MR-PRESSO methods were utilized to systematically investigate the bidirectional causal relationship between the 91 inflammatory proteins and PD. Sensitivity analyses, including heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and leave-one-out tests, were performed to assess the robustness of the results. Results MR analysis identified six circulating inflammatory proteins potentially associated with PD risk, including protective inflammatory proteins such as TNFRSF9 (OR =0.819, 95% CI: 0.732-0.917, PFBR=0.048, P=0.001), neurotrophic factor (OR=0.808, 95%CI:0.679-0.962, PFBR=0.398, P=0.016), and TGF-α (OR=0.841, 95%CI:0.725-0.975, PFBR=0.398, P= 0.022). Conversely, harmful inflammatory proteins included IL-17A (OR=1.211, 95%CI: 1.038-1.414, PFBR=0.398, P=0.015), IL-18 (OR=1.124, 95%Cl: 1.019-1.239, PFBR=0.398, P=0.019), and TNF-β (OR=1.084, 95%Cl: 1.003-1.171, PFBR=0.620, P= 0.041). The reverse MR analysis indicated a negative correlation between PD and two inflammatory proteins: Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor (LIFR) (OR =0.951, 95%C7:0.909-0.996, PFBR=0.989, P=0.034) and TNFSF12 (OR=0.958, 95%C7: 0.920-0.997, PFBR=0.989, P=0.035). Sensitivity analyses suggested no pleiotropy or heterogeneity, confirming the robustness of the results. Conclusion TNFRSF9, neurotrophic factor, and TGF-α may have potential protective effects against PD, while IL-17A, IL-18, and TNF-β may be causally associated with increased risk of PD. Additionally, the disease state of PD may be negatively correlated with LIFR and TNFSF12. This study provides new insights into the relationship between circulating proteins and PD and may offer new clues for predicting PD risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the efiects of electroacupuncture on the intestinal NIMA-related kinase 7( NEK7)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 ( NLRP3) signaling pathway in mice with Parkinson's disease. Methods According to the randomized number table method, 36 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, and the electroacupuncture group, with 12 mice per group. The Parkinson's disease mouse model was established by gavage of rotenone solution (10 mg/kg) for 28 d. After molding, the electroacupuncture group was stimulated with "Fengfu" (DU17), "Taichong" (LR3), and "Zusanli" (ST36) for 14 d, while the control group and the model group were only treated with immobilization. The motor ability of mice was detected by pole climbing test and hindlimb rating score, the positive expressions of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase ( TH ) and colon occludin were detected by immunohistochemistry, the histological morphology of colon was observed by hematoxylin - eosin staining, and Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of NEK7, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and interleukin-ΐβ ( IL-Ιβ). Results Compared with the control group, mice in the model group had lower score on the pole climbing test and a higher hindlimb rating score ( P < 0. 01) ; the average optical densities of nigral TH and colon occludin were decreased (P <0.01); significant inflammatory infiltration was observed in the colonic tissue, and the muscularis propria was thinned; and the protein expressions of NEK7, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-Ιβ in the colonic tissue were elevated ( P < 0. 01 ) . Compared with the model group, mice in the electroacupuncture group had higher score on the pole climbing test and a lower hindlimb rating score (P<0. 01) ； the average optical densities of nigral TH and colon occludin were increased ( P<0. 01) ； the degree of inflammatory infiltration of colonic tissues decreased, and the muscularis propria was thickened; and the protein expressions of NEK7, NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-13 of colonic tissues were decreased (P<0. 01). Conclusion Electroacupuncture at "Fengfu" (DU17), "Taichong" (LR3), and "ZusanliM (ST36) can improve motor functional impairments in mice with Parkinson's disease, and the mechanism may be through the inhibition of intestinal NEK7/NLRP3 pathway, improving the intestinal barrier damage, relieving the intestinal inflammation, and improving the dopaminergic neuron injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the safety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation deep brain stimulation(DBS) surgery in Parkinson's disease (PD), and to analyze the size of artifacts before and after MRI workup and its impact on the electrode impedance. Methods A total of 23 PD patients who underwent DBS implantation surgery at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from May 2023 to June 2024 were recruited. All enrolled patients underwent 1.5 T MRI, the differences in electrode impedance, temperature, and specific absorption rate (SAR) values before and after MRI were recorded and compared. The artifacts of MRI workup were analyzed and the differences in artifact volume between two different sequences were compared. The correlation between electrode impedance changes and artifact volume were explored. Results There was no statistical significant difference in temperature and electrode impedance values between patients before and after 1.5 T MRI workup. The average volume of bilateral artifacts in T₁ sequence was larger than that in T, sequence (P=0.001). The changes in electrode impedance values before and after MRI was not significantly correlated with artifact volume (r=-0.268, P=0.355,0.389, P = 0. 170). Conclusions PD patients receiving deep brain stimulation may safely undergo 1.5 T MRI workup. The volume of artifacts caused by bilateral electrode implantation vary in different sequences and sides, but it is not significantly correlated with changes in electrode impedance values before and after scanning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology / Zhongguo Shipin Xuebao is the property of Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science & Technology Periodical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BackgroundNano-alumina (nano-Al2O3) is a widely utilized nanomaterial. Its impacts on the environment and biological systems have garnered significant attention. Zebrafish serves as a common model organism in scientific research due to its high homology with the human genome and is extensively used in toxicity studies. ObjectiveTo investigate the developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity of nano-Al2O3 exposure in zebrafish and the corresponding mechanisms of action. MethodZebrafish embryos at 6 h post-fertilization (hpf) were randomly assigned to a control group and five dose groups exposed to nano-Al2O3 at concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 μg·mL−1, respectively. Thirty embryos were included in each group, and the culture medium was replaced every 24 h until 144 hpf. The hatching rates at 48 and 72 hpf and the cumulative malformation rates up to 144 hpf were calculated. At 144 hpf, a zebrafish behavior analyzer was used to record the movement trajectories of the zebrafish, and the total distance traveled and average speed were analyzed for each group. At 144 hpf, the development of dopaminergic neurons in transgenic zebrafish expressing vmat2: GFP, brain vessels in those expressing vegf: GFP, and central nervous system neurons in those expressing elavl3: EGFP were observed under a fluorescence microscope, and statistical analysis was conducted using Image Pro Plus. Real-time quantitative PCR was employed to detect the expression levels of neuron development-related genes (syn2α, gap43, dat), Lewy body formation-related gene (α-syn), and autophagy-related genes (pink1, parkin) at 144 hpf. ResultsCompared to the control group, the nano-Al2O3 exposed groups exhibited reduced hatching rates at 48 hpf and increased cumulative malformation rates (P

BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease, and its pathogenesis involves mitochondrial dysfunction. Exercise has a potential ameliorative effect on mitochondrial dysfunction related to Parkinson’s disease, but there is no comprehensive review and in-depth analysis in this field. OBJECTIVE: To comprehensively review and analyze mitochondrial dysfunction related to Parkinson’s disease and the potential ameliorative effect of exercise, thereby providing new ideas and methods for the treatment and prevention of Parkinson’s disease. METHODS: We searched the Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases with the keywords of “mitochondria, mitochondrial function, mitochondrial disease, mitochondrial dysfunction, Parkinson’s disease, Parkinson, exercise, physical activity, exercise training, exercise therapy, mitochondrial impairment, mitochondrial damage, mitochondrial defects” in Chinese and “mitochondria, Parkinson’s disease, Parkinson disease, physical exercise, exercise, physical activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial damage, mitochondrial impairment, athletic training, exercise training, rehabilitation” in English. A total of 89 articles were included for review and analysis. RESLUTS AND CONCLUSION: Parkinson’s disease is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial biogenesis inhibition, reduced autophagy, increased apoptosis, abnormal elevation of Ca2+ concentration, and increased oxidative stress in Parkinson’s disease patients. Exercise has a positive effect on mitochondrial dysfunction related to Parkinson’s disease, by promoting mitochondrial biogenesisand autophagy, regulating mitochondrial morphology, altering the plasticity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and reducing oxidative stress, thus helping to improve the development and progression of Parkinson’s disease. However, the detailed mechanism between mitochondrial dysfunction and the ameliorative effect of exercise is still not fully understood, and future clinical studies can be conducted to validate the results of animal models and gain insights into the benefits and mechanisms of exercise in patients with Parkinson’s disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Hainan Medical University is the property of Journal of Hainan Medical College Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Common neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) include Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD). Changes in gait stability occur in patients due to the degeneration of motor neurons. Effective analysis of gait information in patients contributes to the assessment of the impact of neurodegenerative diseases on gait stability. In this study, a statistical analysis of gait temporal features in publicly available NDDs gait signal datasets was conducted. The conclusion drawn is that ALS has the greatest impact on gait stability, followed by HD, with PD having the least influence. Furthermore, this paper classifies different NDDs conditions based on an improved Transformer-Encoder model, aiming for more precise identification of various types of neurodegenerative diseases to assist doctors in targeted treatment. To validate the effectiveness of the method, the model was tested on an NDDs dataset with disease labels. The recognition accuracy of the model for ALS, PD, and HD was 94.25%, 97.76%, and 97.33%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University is the property of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the relationship between serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) levels and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Methods: 150 PD patients admitted to Zigong Hospital Affiliated to Southwest Medical University were selected as the PD group from January 2021 to December 2022, and at the same time, selected 55 healthy individuals who underwent physical examinations in our hospital as the control group. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum levels of Lp-PLA2 and NT-3. The PD group was divided into RBD group and non RBD group based on the physical signs and RBD questionnaire Hong Kong version (RBDQ-HK) score. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors in PD patients concomitant with RBD, and the predictive efficacy of serum Lp-PLA2 and NT-3 in PD patients concomitant with RBD was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) curve. Results: The serum Lp-PLA2 level in the control group was lower than that in the PD group (P＜0.05), and the serum NT-3 level was higher than that in the PD group (P＜0.05). The results of univariate analysis showed that the PD patients concomitant with RBD was associated with age, course of disease, and serum levels of Lp-PLA2 and NT-3 (P＜0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that prolonged course of disease, elevated Lp-PLA2 levels were independent risk factors for PD with RBD, while elevated NT-3 levels were protective factors for PD concomitant with RBD (P＜0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of serum Lp-PLA2, NT-3,and combined detection for predicting PD concomitant with RBD were 0.830, 0.766, and 0.866, respectively. Conclusion: Serum Lp-PLA2 and NT-3 are associated with PD patients concomitant with RBD. Elevated serum Lp-PLA2 is an independent risk factor, while elevated serum NT-3 is a protective factor. The combined detection of these two indicators has high predictive value for PD concomitant with RBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction is an early biological marker of various diseases. However, the neuroimaging mechanism by which olfactory dysfunction occurs following cerebral small vessel disease is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the different neuroimaging mechanisms of olfactory function regulation in patients with cerebral small vessel disease and Parkinson’s disease, and explore the potential application value of olfactory function assessment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. METHODS: Neuropsychological and olfactory tests, high-resolution structural magnetic resonance and resting-state functional magnetic resonance data were collected in 80 patients with cerebral small vessel disease, 44 healthy controls and 29 patients with Parkinson’s disease. DPABI, SPM12 and SPSS were used to analyze and compare the amplitude of low frequency fluctuation, regional homogeneity and functional connectivity values between the cerebral small vessel disease, control and Parkinson’s disease groups. Correlations between the significantly altered resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging measures and olfactory and cognitive scores were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, low-frequency fluctuation amplitude of the right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus and the regional homogeneity of the left wedge leaf were significantly reduced in the cerebral small vessel disease and Parkinson’s disease groups. The right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus and the left cuneiform lobe are the seed points. Compared with the Parkinson’s disease group, the functional connectivity values of the right anterior cunei, inferior temporal gyrus, anterior central gyrus and dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus, left posterior central gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus were significantly enhanced in the control and cerebral small vessel disease groups. The left cuneiform lobe was the seed point. Compared with the control group, the functional connectivity of the left lingual gyrus was significantly weakened in the cerebral small vessel disease and Parkinson’s disease groups. The functional connectivity values of the left middle temporal gyrus and the right posterior central gyrus were enhanced in the control group compared with the cerebral small vessel disease and Parkinson’s disease group, and that was enhanced in the cerebral small vessel disease group compared with the Parkinson’s disease group. Correlation analysis showed that the olfactory score and cognitive score were positively correlated in the cerebral small vessel disease group, and the regional homogeneity of the left wedge lobe was negatively correlated with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale score, while the functional connectivity of left wedge lobe-left middle temporal gyrus in the Parkinson’s disease group was positively correlated with the olfactory recognition score, and the functional connectivity values of the left wedge lobe-left posterior central gyrus and left wedge lobe-left lingual gyrus were positively correlated with the olfactory identification score and the total olfactory score, respectively. The regulation of olfactory function in patients with cerebral small vessel disease has a different neuroimaging mechanism from that of olfactory dysfunction in patients with Parkinson’s disease. The olfactory function of patients with cerebral small vessel disease is related to cognitive function. It is speculated that the olfactory function following cerebral small vessel disease is a secondary change of brain dysfunction, while olfactory dysfunction following Parkinson’s disease is directly caused by abnormal function of olfactory-related brain areas. Olfactory function assessment in patients with cerebral small vessel disease has potential application in predicting cognitive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this article was to investigate the exerting protective effect of smilagenin on MPP+-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. Methods: In the experiment, PD cell model was constructed using MPP+ treated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells in logarithmic growth phase were taken and divided into four groups: the Control group (Control), the MPP+ group (model group), the smilagenin group (10 μM), and the MPP++ smilagenin group (3 mm,10 μM). The cell proliferation assay (CCK-8) was firstly used to detect the optimal concentration of smilagenin action and the effect on SH-SY5Y cell viability. The effect of smilagenin on the apoptosis rate of SH-SY5Y cells was detected by AnnexinV-FITC/PI double staining assay, and the protein expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax, Bcl-2 was detected by protein immunoblotting assay. Results: The cell viability assay determined 10 μM/mL of smilagenin as the added concentration for the subsequent experiments. Compared with the control group, the MPP+ group showed significantly lower cell viability (P＜0.001), higher apoptosis rate(P＜0.001), and significantly higher expression of apoptosis-related protein Bax/Bcl-2(P＜0.01). Compared with the MPP+ group, cell viability was significantly higher in the MPP++ smilagenin group (P<0.001), apoptosis rate was significantly lower(P<0.01), apoptosis-related protein Bax/Bcl-2 expression was significantly lower (P<0.01). Conclusion: Smilagenin can inhibit MPP+-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells, which may be related to its regulation of protein expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease(PD) is a common degenerative disease of the central nervous system in middle-aged and elderly people. The disease has a long course, complex etiology and difficult treatment, which brings a huge burden to patients and their families. At present, there are some limitations in the clinical treatment of PD, and the classical prescription Dihuang Yinzi has made some breakthroughs in the prevention and treatment of PD. This article reviews the clinical application and experimental pharmacological research of Dihuang Yinzi in the treatment of PD, in order to provide a theoretical basis for better application of Dihuang Yinzi in the prevention and treatment of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Neuronal autophagy disorder and abnormal protein aggregation are the main pathological changes of neurodegenerative diseases. The relationship and interaction between mesenchymal stem cells and autophagy represent a possible mechanism for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of autophagy and mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and their interaction in order to provide a theoretical basis and new ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS: PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for relevant articles using “autophagy, neurodegenerative diseases, mesenchymal stem cells, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease” as the search terms in Chinese and English. Totally, 59 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Autophagy homeostasis is beneficial for maintaining the stability of the internal and external environment of the central nervous system and for controlling the progression of neurodegenerative disease. (2) As a dynamic circulation mechanism to maintain cell renewal and equilibrium, autophagy can affect the biological functions of mesenchymal stem cells such as migration, survival, differentiation, anti-apoptosis and immune regulation, and optimize their therapeutic efficacy for diseases. (3) Mesenchymal stem cells are an important class of neuroprotective agents that can alleviate pathological features and improve dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases by regulating the level of cellular autophagy, which may be related to specific cellular conditions and activation levels in catabolic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To construct a diagnostic scoring model for early Parkinson's disease (PD) and to verify its efficacy. Methods Seventy-five patients with early PD and 75 gender-age matched healthy volunteers were selected and randomly divided into the verification group (38 patients with early PD and 37 healthy volunteers) and training group (37 patients with early PD and 38 healthy volunteers）. Medical records of subjects were collected. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to determine the optimal parameters through 10-fold cross-validation； the relevant diagnostic factors were screened from the relevant data of the training group, and the diagnostic scoring model was constructed according to each factor coefficient. The nomogram was constructed by Logistic regression； the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn, and the diagnostic efficiency and fit degree of the model were evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) and the calibration curve. Results There was no significant difference in relevant data between the training group and the verification group (P>0. 05）. In the training group, the best parameter λ=0. 052 was determined by LASSO algorithm, and seven indexes of identification ability were screened out. The diagnosis scoring model formula =–1. 048+0. 961× RBDSQ score +0. 079× HAMA-14 score－0. 0002× NSE－0. 011×VEGF－0. 001× uric acid－0. 046× FA+0. 003× DFV. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis confirmed that the seven selected indicators could be used as independent diagnostic factors for early PD patients. In the verification group, the area under the curve of this diagnostic scoring model in diagnosing early PD patients was 0. 91, which was higher than that of seven factors alone； the fitting curve showed that the model had good goodness of fit. Conclusion Based on RBDSQ scoring, HAMA-14 scoring, VEGF, FA, NSE, uric acid and DFV, the diagnostic scoring model of early PD has been constructed, and the model has relatively high diagnostic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To investigate the changes of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and superficial vascular density in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and analyze the correlation between the changes and disease severity. Methods Total 43 patients (76 eyes) with PD admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from June 2021 to March 2022, and 45 patients (90 eyes) with normal neurological and visual functions from their family members were recruited as the control group. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to measure RNFL thickness, retinal blood vessel length density and perfusion density, and the area and circumference of foveal avascular zone (FAZ). Disease severity was evaluated by modified Hoehn - Yahr staging, and motor function was evaluated by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS III) in PD group. Pearson and partial correlation analyses were used to investigate the correlation between retinal parameters and PD severity. Results Comparison of OCTA related parameters between the 2 groups: RNFL thickness (t = - 6.424, P = 0.000), central length density (t = - 3.629, P = 0.000), inner ring length density (Z = - 2.846, P = 0.004) and central perfusion density (Z = - 2.703, P = 0.007) in the PD group were lower than those in the control group. Correlation analysis showed that RNFL thickness was negatively correlated with UPDRS-III score (r = - 0.625, P = 0.000). Conclusions RNFL thickness may be a potential indicator for early diagnosis and evaluation of the severity of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To focus on the efficacy at variable frequency stimulation (VFS) after deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of axial symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Clinical data of 12 patients with PD who underwent bilateral DBS followed by VFS more than one year from January 2018 to June 2022 at Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin University were retrospectively analyzed. Axial symptoms were assessed using Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)-gait posture, Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) time and the occurrence of freezing of gait (FOG), The Freezing of Gait - Questionnaire (FOG - Q), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). The above indicators were recorded one week before DBS surgery and in the drug "off" period (baseline), at the end of high frequency stimulation (the end of HFS), at one month follow-up of VFS (short-term VFS), and at one year or more follow-up of VFS (long-term VFS). Results Compared with baseline, BBS scores increased at the end of HFS (t = - 2.845, P = 0.008); UPDRS-gait posture (t = 12.703, P = 0.000; t = 11.737, P = 0.000), TUGT time (t = 8.923, P = 0.000; t = 8.025, P = 0.000) and the occurrence of FOG (t = 4.448, P = 0.000; t = 4.181, P = 0.000), and FOG Q scores (t = 9.186, P = 0.000; t = 8.186, P = 0.000) decreased, while the BBS scores increased (t = - 7.686, P = 0.000; t = - 6.106, P = 0.000) in both short-term VFS and long-term VFS. Compared with the end of HFS, UPDRS-gait posture (t = 11.583, P = 0.000; t = 10.618, P = 0.000), TUGT time (t = 6.922, P = 0.000; t = 6.022, P = 0.000) and the occurrence of FOG (t = 3.612, P = 0.001; t = 3.344, P = 0.002), and FOG-Q scores (t = 7.915, P = 0.000; t = 6.915, P = 0.000) decreased, while the BBS scores increased (t = - 4.842, P = 0.000; t = - 3.262, P = 0.003) in short-term VFS and long-term VFS. Conclusions For PD patients with HFS but poor axial symptoms efficacy after DBS, the use of VFS significantly improves multifaceted axial symptoms with reliable long-term efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the correlation between functional connectivity (FC) in the brains of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with depression and the improvement rate of depression after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS). Methods This study included 38 PD patients (25 with depression and 13 without depression) who underwent STN -DBS at The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from September 2019 to April 2020. All participants underwent resting-state fMRI. The severity of depression was assessed using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 Items (HAMD-17) before and 2 years after the surgery, and the improvement rate of depression was calculated. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between FC and the improvement rate of depression in PD patients with depression. Results There were 34 different FC between PD patients with and without depression compared to control group (P = 0.000, for all). Among patients with PD, those with depression showed 4 distinct FC compared to those without depression, including left precuneus-right supplementary motor area (t = 6.028, P = 0.000), right insula-right lateral orbital gyrus (t = 5.525, P = 0.000), left paracentral lobule-left precuneus (t = 5.545, P = 0.000), and right paracentral lobule - left precuneus (t = 5.578, P = 0.000). Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between the zFC values of right precuneus-right insula (rs = - 0.544, P = 0.009) and left temporal pole-left insula (rs = - 0.765, P = 0.010) and the improvement rate of depression in PD patients with depression. Conclusions The FC of right precuneus-right insula and left temporal pole-left insula in PD patients with depression is negatively associated with the improvement rate of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]