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With the rapid development of Internet communication and digital technologies, government can create and share travel information through social media. The purpose of this study is to understand how tourism attraction is constructed by government departments on the social media and how social media users perceive these tourism attractions. The technique of text corpus was utilized to analyze the posting messages elected from Tainan City Government’s Facebook page─@traveltainan. The research results reveal that 10 types of tourism attraction were identified. In addition, the interactive responses on @traveltainan were also examined in terms of “likes,” “comments,” and “shares.” The findings and suggestions are proposed for future studies and implementations about tourism policy and planning in the local area. (Article content in Chinese with English extended abstract)

To establish a method for the determination of morpholine guanidine residues in lettuce, ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and uncertainty evaluation of the established method were studied. After samples were extracted and purified, the morpholine guanidine was quantified by scanning with positive ions from an electrospray ionization source in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The uncertainty was synthesized by building a mathematical model to analyze the sources of measurement uncertainty and quantify each uncertainty component. The morpholinoguanidine showed a good line in the range of 0.1~20 mg/L with a correlation coefficient R2 of 0.999 3. The spiked recoveries at the three levels of 0.5, 5.0 and 10.0 μg/kg ranged from 84.08% to 98.06% (n=6) with the relative standard deviations of 3.58% to 5.26% (n=6), and the extended uncertainty was 2.84 μg/kg (k=2) at 95% confidence interval for the determination of morpholine guanidine in the sample at 17.5 μg/kg. The method was rapid and efficient, highly accurate and reproducible, and the recovery and precision can meet the test requirements. The uncertainty was mainly caused by the standard solution, the establishment of the standard curve and the recovery of the sample spiking. The experimental results could provide a reference for the determination of morpholine guanidine residues in lettuce by UPLC-MS/MS and the uncertainty evaluation.

Objective To investigate the relationship between semen quality and sedentary time. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 4 532 men (aged 18 – 60 years) seeking fertility consultation at a reproductive center of a hospital in Shenzhen city from March 2017 through May 2019. Questionnaire interview and semen sampling were carried out among the participants. Routine indicators of semen quality were determined with a computer assisted semen analysis system (CASA) and the relationship between sedentary time and semen quality indicators was assessed with binary logistic regression analysis. ResultsIn comparison to those in the participants reporting the sedentary time of less than 4 hours per day, significantly lower sperm progressive motility rate (53.18 ± 19.59% vs. 55.29±19.15%, F = 2.96; P < 0.05) and total sperm motility rate (64.30 ± 20.16% vs. 66.57 ± 19.50%, F = 3.19; P < 0.05) were detected in the men reporting the sedentary time of 8 hours and above per day. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that compared to those with the sedentary time of less than 4 hours per day, the participants with the sedentary time of 8 hours and above per day were at a significantly increased risk of having a reduced sperm progressive motility (odds ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval: 1.03 – 1.62) after adjusting for age, body mass index, days of abstinence, smoking, alcohol drinking, and time of physical activity. ConclusionProlonged sedentary time (≥ 8 h/day) is a risk factor for decreased sperm progressive motility in adult men.

The solvothermal method was used to prepare Fe3O4@C core-shell microspheres. The structure and morphology of the nanocomposite powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and then the particles were used as heterogeneous catalysts in the UV-Fenton removal of VOCs in gas. The results show that the Fe3O4@C core-shell microspheres have a strong adsorption capacity for VOCs due to the outer layer of Fe3O4 being coated with a carbon layer of uniform thickness and pore structure. For sparingly soluble organic gases such as octane, the adsorption of these particles could increase the total concentration of VOCs in the liquid phase. Therefore, the opportunity for the Fenton reagent to be in contact with the VOCs gas increases, causing a significant improvement in the gas removal efficiency. Moreover, the cooperation factor β was introduced to evaluate the synergistic effects in the integrated process of the adsorption-catalytic oxidation by the core-shell structure particles.

For the low efficient of existing coal shipment method, a new type of dynamic quantitative loading system of wheel loader was designed according to actual situation of coal enterprises. The hardware, software designs and data processing method of the system were introduced. The system does't need stop wheel loader to meter in midway, and coal weight could be weighed and shown on the screen during the loading operation. Multi-machine cooperative loading could be implemented by using configuration software, and the loading efficiency of loading machine was improved.

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.01.010

Objective To establish a platform by using carotid MRI and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to assess hemodynamic changes around carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Methods Thirteen patients with carotid atherosclerosis were recruited in this study. Six volunteers were regarded as normal controls. All the patients and volunteers underwent carotid MRI and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CEMRA). Carotid MRI was used to visualize the plaque structures and components. All plaques were divided into different types according to plaque components. CEMRA images were used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) models of carotid bifurcations, whose boundary conditions were specified using CFD front-end software, and then the mesh file of the 3D models were obtained to import to CFD software to visualize hemodynamic maps, including wall shear stress (WSS), static pressure and blood velocity. Results Fifteen diseased internal carotid arteries (ICAs) were assessed. According to the MRI appearance of the plaques, the types of these plaques were from Ⅳ-Ⅴ to Ⅷ. All of these were vulnerable plaques which caused irregular stenosis of ICAs. The WSS, static pressure and blood velocity were (79.86 ± 57.83) Pa, (-7586.81 ± 9313.83) Pa, (2.76±1.81) m/s, respectively in the diseased ICAs group and (2.52 ± 0.58) Pa, (-71.65 ± 30.89) Pa, (0.21 ± 0.06) m/s, respectively in the normal control group. In the diseased ICAs group WSS was elevated heterogenously and static pressure was decreased heterogenously near the plaques. The blood velocity near the plaques was increased but still streamlined. Statistical significant differences were shown for WSS, static pressure and blood velocity between 2 groups (P = 0.000, for all). Conclusions The platform combining MRI and CFD can be used to analyze the plaque structures and fluid dynamic change near the plaques, suggesting hemodynamics plays an important role in the plaque progression and vulnerability. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.07.011

As an indispensable component of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is the unique noninvasive imaging method to visualize white matter fiber tracts in vivo. In addition, the diffusion data can be used for the determination of quantitative diffusion values such as isotropic and anisotropic diffusion that reflects condition of nerves. Recently, several studies have shown that DTI was useful for the evaluation of peripheral nerve. This paper gives an overview of the research progress on DTI application in peripheral neuropathy, including acute peripheral nerve injury, chronic peripheral nerve damage, peripheral nerve inflammatory lesions and peripheral nerve tumors.doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.02.011

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.05.014

For adapting to a novel architecture of WSNs,which supports information query and navigation systems through construction of the virtual potential field.Under the premise of diffusion equation and poisson-based formula,a novel method was proposed which can accomplish the navigation more conveniently and more efficiently.In order to guarantee the accuracy of navigation,the relative knowledge of information transmission and the partial differential process(diffusion equation)in electric potential field was utilized,meanwhile gradient descent method was also applied in the process of application.A complete mathematical derivation was used.Tiny-OS simulations show the method can efficiently overcome the original WSNs weakness that network configuration abilities of information navigation are not good enough.Simultaneously,during the process of explore the navigation computation,structures of diffusion equation are more flexible and adaptability.

An efficient pre-repeat cooperative go-back-N automatic repeat request(PC-GBN-CARQ)algorithm for slow fading TDD/TDMA-based Wireless Networks was proposed.Taking advantage of the multiple access property of TDMA,the proposed scheme enabled both the source and the relay to retransmit packets to the destination simultaneously,which could greatly increase the successful probability of the retransmission.When the source was sending a group of data packets,it also sent 8bit of attached message to tell the relay about which packets among the group would be probably error in transmission,which was the result predicted based on TDD reciprocity,so that the relay could also pre-retransmit these packets like the source does.It should be very effective to raise the transmission efficiency.Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms can get an S/N ratio gain of about 5dB compared with the conventional ones for the normalized throughput of 0.7.

本研究為探究公共圖書館老年志工參與志願服務之概況，以臺北市立圖書館老年志工為研究對象，試圖了解老年志工最初參與志願服務的動機、參與志願服務的目的、選擇進入公共圖書館服務的因素、參與志願服務情形（含訓練課程、服務情形）、持續參與服務的原因等五項研究問題。 研究取向及方法以質性研究之半結構式訪談法為主，共訪談三十名年齡在56至85歲的志工；最後依研究結果提出相關建議，以作為圖書館相關單位參考。This study aims to explore the participation of the elderly in voluntary services in public libraries. The subjects for this study have been chosen from the elderly volunteers of the Taipei Public Library. The research questions attempt to investigate the followings: the motivations and purposes of elderly participation in volunteer services, the factors that influence their choices of entering the public library service, and the experience of volunteer services. This study uses a semi-structured interview and a small questionnaire to collect data. In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the research subjects and to interpret the research results appropriately, the findings have been supplemented with the background information of research subjects collected from personal profile forms to achieve the relevance to the volunteer services experience of elderly participation. The total of 30 elderly volunteer aged from 56 to 85 have been interviewed. Based on the research findings, the authors propose a framework for understanding elderly volunteers participating in public library services, and offer suggestions to voluntary service units of public libraries and elderly volunteers.

Background: Few of the interventions currently available for family caregivers (FCGs) of persons with dementia (PWDs) with long-term follow-ups have a grounding in theory and incorporate multicomponent case management formats. Purpose: Based on Pearlin's Caregiving and Stress Process model, this study was developed to examine the effectiveness of a family-centered case management program for PWDs with early to moderate dementia in terms of reducing PWDs behavioral problems and improve FCG outcomes, including distress, self-efficacy, depression, caregiver burden, and health-promoting behaviors. Methods: This randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled trial included 76 dyads of PWDs and their FCGs. The dyads were recruited from outpatient clinics at dementia centers in three district hospitals in northern Taiwan. The dyads were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG, n = 39) and control group (CG, n = 37). The dyads in the IG received a four-month intervention with two home or clinic visits and two telephone interviews. The multicomponent interventions provided assessment, education, consultations, support, and referrals to long-term care resources. The CG received routine care and two social phone calls. Data were collected upon enrollment (T0 = baseline) and at 4-,6-, and 12-months post-intervention (T1, T2, and T3, respectively). Generalized estimating equations were conducted to analyze the effects of the intervention. Results: By controlling for the interaction between group and time, we made a comparison between IG and the CG. The results showed significant improvements from baseline measures in behavioral problems in the PWDs for mood, psychosis, and social engagement, and improvements in the FCGs for distress and self-efficacy for obtaining respite as well as for better control of distressing thoughts, feelings of depression, caregiver burden, and overall health promoting behaviors at T1 and T2 (p < 0.5). Significant improvements were also found in the IG for psychomotor regulation among PWDs and the self-efficacy of FCGs in managing the PWDs' disturbing behaviors and health promotion behaviors for nutrition at T1 (p < 0.5). There were no significant improvements in the outcome variables at T3. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: Significant interactions between group and time were found at the 6-month assessment (T2) for improvements in problem behaviors of PWDs and depression, caregiver burden, and distress in the FCGs. Positive effects on self-efficacy and health promotion behaviors among the FCGs were also achieved. The results suggest that a multicomponent case management intervention should be referenced in dementia care policymaking for FCGs and PWDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was to study the effect of salt stress on physiological characteristics and the salt tolerance mechanism of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids with different salt tolerance. The experiment was set up under mild (100 mmol/L), moderate (200 mmol/L) and severe (300 mmol/L) NaCl stress to determine the membrane peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme system and osmotic regulatory substances in the leaves of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids under different degrees of salt stress. The results showed that under salt stress, the membrane peroxidation degree of salt tolerant cultivars was lower than that of salt sensitive cultivars. Salt-tolerant varieties ZJZ 8 and ZJZ 10 showed lower increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) content as compared to salt-sensitive ZJZ 21 and ZJZ 4 with increasing salt concentration. Salt-tolerant varieties had stronger expression of cellular defense responses against the action of reactive oxygen species by defense enzyme system, and they had more osmoregulation substances proline (Pro) and soluble sugar (SS) to alleviate the damage than salt-sensitive varieties. Varieties with high activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) had more Pro and stronger salt tolerance. The experiment indicates that there are differences in physiological response to salt stress between salt-tolerant varieties and salt-sensitive varieties. The activities of SOD, POD and Pro content can be used to judge the salt-tolerant of sorghum-sudangrass hybrids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From January to October in 2017, the rate of urinary tract infections in in-home care cases with urinary catheter was 6.5%. Further investigation indicated that 16 of the 22 cases (72.7%) with urinary tract infection were undergoing care by foreign caregivers. Additionally, as a consequence of the difficulty in communication, insufficiency of suitable tools for care instruction, and lack of supervision on urinary catheter care, the accuracy of urinary catheter care performed by foreign caregivers is only 58.5%. The object of this project is to improve the accuracy of urinary catheter care performed by foreign caregivers. By making manuals and reminder posters for care instructions, QR Code for video guides and establishing a check system for family members, we raised the accuracy to 94.1% in December of 2018, and meanwhile reduced the rate of urinary tract infections to 1.4%. We conclude that the quality of in-home care can be improved sharply by collaborative participation by family members of the patient, homecare nurses, and foreign caregivers with enhanced in-home cares abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reveals the nursing experience of an adolescent girl with ovarian teratoma undergoing oophorectomy surgery. During the nursing period from November 27th to December 4th, 2017, the author collected information through observation, conversations, direct care, physical assessment, visits, and telephone contact. On the basis of Gordon's eleven functional health assessments, the patient exhibited acute pain and anxiety, and caregiver role strain was also identified. In response to the specific needs of adolescent patients, our individualized care measures included the following: building mutual trust by listening to the patient's needs and encouraging the patient and her mother to express their inner feelings, teaching the patient to divert her attention to obtain pain relief, using communication software to connect with peers to reduce separation anxiety, and using information software QR code scanning to provide postoperative wound care skill videos and health education leaflet. These interventions alleviated the concerns of the patient's mother. We hope this nursing experience serves a reference to improve nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the firing precision of self-propelled anti-aircraft gun, a real-time comprehensive compensation method is proposed. The main factors effecting on the firing precision of anti-aircraft gun and the influence principle are discussed based on the weapon system structure. On the basis, an error comprehensive compensation model is built by combining with closed loop fire control method for the relevance of the fire control resolving error, and the previous fire control resolving error character is used to compensate the following fire control resolving error to improve firing precision. The theoretical computation and test data show that the proposed method can be used to improve the firing precision of self-pro-pelled anti-aircraft gun in the case of the original weapon equipment state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish a platform by using carotid MRI and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to assess hemodynamic changes around carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Methods Thirteen patients with carotid atherosclerosis were recruited in this study. Six volunteers were regarded as normal controls. All the patients and volunteers underwent carotid MRI and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CEMRA). Carotid MRI was used to visualize the plaque structures and components. All plaques were divided into different types according to plaque components. CEMRA images were used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) models of carotid bifurcations, whose boundary conditions were specified using CFD front-end software, and then the mesh file of the 3D models were obtained to import to CFD software to visualize hemodynamic maps, including wall shear stress (WSS), static pressure and blood velocity. Results Fifteen diseased internal carotid arteries (ICAs) were assessed. According to the MRI appearance of the plaques, the types of these plaques were from IV-V to VIII. All of these were vulnerable plaques which caused irregular stenosis of ICAs. The WSS, static pressure and blood velocity were (79.86 ± 57.83) Pa, (- 7586.81 ± 9313.83) Pa, (2.76±1.81) m/s, respectively in the diseased ICAs group and (2.52 ± 0.58) Pa, (- 71.65 ± 30.89) Pa, (0.21 ± 0.06) m/s, respectively in the normal control group. In the diseased ICAs group WSS was elevated heterogenously and static pressure was decreased heterogenously near the plaques. The blood velocity near the plaques was increased but still streamlined. Statistical significant differences were shown for WSS, static pressure and blood velocity between 2 groups (P = 0.000, for all). Conclusions The platform combining MRI and CFD can be used to analyze the plaque structures and fluid dynamic change near the plaques, suggesting hemodynamics plays an important role in the plaque progression and vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks into how the concept of 'justice' and its ideal practice is culturally grounded. When the indigenous customary norms encounter the contemporary state legal systems, the questions of 'what justice means' and how it could be achieved become fundamental and challenging. In the contemporary society characterized by multi-cultural composition and global connections, divergent ideas of justice and their incongruence often underlie legal and political debates. Through ethnographic studies, especially the case of Langalanga in the Solomon Islands, this paper examines the conceptualization and imagination of justice in Oceania, and its incommensurability with the formal jurisprudential domain in the (post) colonial states. Langalanga people live in coastal or artificial islet settlements in the lagoon along the central-west coast of Malaita Island, Solomon Islands. Though a relatively small group in the island state, they dominate the boat building industry, and their shell money economy thrive within the nation. Langalanga people often translate the English term 'justice' as 'radana', which means 'straightness' literally, and it also connotes the intertwined meanings of sameness, rightness, and clarity. The complex idiom of radana links to high moral value, right way to do things, and is an ideal way of social life in the community. In Langalanga, as in some other Oceanic societies, the ideal dispute settlement is often expressed using the metaphor of farada ('straighten'). Radana (farada) is not only the path to the ideal situation, but the ideal situation itself. There are several paths to farada: customary exchange and sacrificial rituals, the church way of praying together, and the 'council of chiefs'. However, the essence to its success depends on willingness of two parties to tafa (open up) and famadakwa (clarify) the disputing points. The disentangling process of achieving radana (farada), or the 'constraint of form' that radana could be perceived and reified constitutes the aesthetics of 'justice'. Justice is always situated in the context of social networks in Oceania. The specific aesthetics of 'justice' in Langalanga encompass various concepts of personhood, property, liability, compensation and restorative negotiation. The court system in the Solomon Islands operates mainly according to principles of English legal tradition; the notions of justice embedded in the 'law' and legal procedures are alien from the rada aesthetics of justice. People are discontent with the court for failing to farada; without paying attention to the ideal of radana, the court is far away from how people believe justice could be achieved. In recent years, activists and scholars of legal reforms in Taiwan have explored the incongruences and even conflicts between the state legal system and the indigenous customs. Specific courts dealing with indigenous cases have been set up in 2013, and there are plans to establish tribal courts that follow 'customary law' in the future. By looking into Oceanic ethnographies as comparative references, I point out that legal reform such as the survey and coding of indigenous custom and the installation of indigenous court should pay attention to the discrepancy in the concepts and aesthetics of justice in the context of legal pluralism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aimed at establishing the simulation methods of heat flux distribution and optimization for infrared lamp array to improve the uniformity of heat flux distribution. The heat flux distribution database was generated by the application of heat flux distribution calculating method of single lamp. The reflex heat flux of reflective baffles was resolved. The infrared lamp array heat flux simulation method was established on the basis of these models. Optimization method of infrared lamp array was set up based on genetic algorithm. One infrared lamp array for a satellite thermal test was optimized, and the heat flux nonuniformity decreased from 24.61% to 8.96%. The simulation results were identical with the measurement values. The simulation method offers a good accuracy and the optimization method can effectively increase the uniformity. Key words: heat flux distribution; uniformity; infrared lamp array; genetic algorithm; optimization [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the participation of the elderly in voluntary services in public libraries. The subjects for this study have been chosen from the elderly volunteers of the Taipei Public Library. The research questions attempt to investigate the followings: the motivations and purposes of elderly participation in volunteer services, the factors that influence their choices of entering the public library service, and the experience of volunteer services. This study uses a semi-structured interview and a small questionnaire to collect data. In order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the research subjects and to interpret the research results appropriately, the findings have been supplemented with the background information of research subjects collected from personal profile forms to achieve the relevance to the volunteer services experience of elderly participation. The total of 30 elderly volunteer aged from 56 to 85 have been interviewed. Based on the research findings, the authors propose a framework for understanding elderly volunteers participating in public library services, and offer suggestions to voluntary service units of public libraries and elderly volunteers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using pitfall trapping, the species composition and quantitative distribution of ground-dwelling beetles in man-made plantations in forest farm (MPFF), secondary natural forests in farmland (SFF), and man-made plantations in farmland (MPF) on northern slope of Daba Mountain were analyzed, and detrended correspondence analysis and cluster analysis were adopted to study the similarity of the species composition and quantitative distribution of the beetles among the three forest types. 1094 individuals of ground-dwelling beetles were captured in August 9-13th, 2002. Of these beetles, Staphylinidae and Chrysomelidae accounted for 40.59% and 33.18% of the total, respectively, and Carabidae, Leiodidae, Scarabaeidae, Curculionidae, Ptiliidae, and Pselaphidae each took more than 1% of the total. These eight families were considered as the common-occurring groups in the study area. The individuals of ground-dwelling beetles decreased from MPFF to SFF to MPF, and the family richness was obviously lower in MPF than in MPFF and SFF. The family composition and abundance of the beetles were significantly different between MPFF and SFF, but partial similarity was observed between MPF and other two forest types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For hundreds of years the Langalanga people of the Solomon Islands have been making shell money (bata) and using it in regional trade. Shell money is an important mobile object in the Langalanga's daily lives, trade and participation in the national economy, and has deep cultural and social significance. The Langalanga have, for a long time, encountered multiple currencies, including various local currencies employed in regional trade, European currencies, short-term currencies (tobacco etc.), and national currencies. These currencies and shell money have formed several entangled interfaces. This paper examines how the Langalanga have understood and used multiple currencies from colonial times to the establishment of a national currency, and reconsiders what "currency" is. In contrast to the static functional definition of currency in the past, I argue that currency in practice is continually undergoing a dynamic negotiation process. I highlight three characteristics of currency, which have rarely been studied before: that currency is negotiatory, interfacial and dynamic. Through the perspective of dynamic negotiation of currency interfaces, this paper analyzes the process of monetization of European currencies and tobacco in the colonial era, and the processes of "demonetization" and "remonetization" that shell money underwent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of selenium on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced spermatogenic impairment (SI) in mice and its underlying mechanism., Methods: We equally randomized 36 male KM mice into 3 SI model and 3 control groups, the first 3 treated by intraperitoneal injection of CTX at 100 mg/kg (the SI model control group), CTX plus SI model control group, selenium deficient model group (－Se SI), selenium supplemented model group (+Se SI), while latter 3 by intraperitoneal injection of normal saline (the normal control), selenium deficiency control group (－Se control), selenium addition control group (+Se control), respectively, all once a week for 6 successive weeks. Then we observed the histopathological changes in the testes of all the mice by HE staining, obtained the sperm count in the epididymides, determined the expressions of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) and SLC7A11 proteins by Western blot and ferroptosis-related genes by RT-qPCR, and examined the changes in the expressions of ferroptosis-related proteins and genes in the GC2-spd cells treated with ferroptosis inhibitors and inducers in combination with different concentrations of inorganic sodium selenite (SeS) and organic selenomethionine (SeM)., Results: Compared with the normal controls, the SI model mice showed significantly decreased testicular and prostatic organ coefficients, reduced spermatogenic layers, increased voids, decreased serum ferritin concentration (P<0.05), and elevated transferrin concentration (P<0.05). The organ coefficients were significantly higher in the +Se SI and +Se control than in the －Se SI and －Se control groups (P<0.05, P<0.01), with evident pathological improvement of the testis tissue in the +Se controls. The expressions of the GPx4 and solute carrier family 7 members 11（SLC7A11） genes in the testis were dramatically down-regulated in the SI model controls (P<0.01), but up-regulated in the +Se SI and +Se control compared with those in the －Se SI and －Se control group (P<0.01 and P<0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between their protein expressions. The results of in vitro GC2 spd cell experiments indicated that the GPx4 gene and GPx4 protein levels in the - Se group were significantly lower than those in the normal control group (P<0.05), while the SLC7A11 gene level decreased (P<0.01). Different doses of SeS and SeM significantly increased the GPx4 protein expression compared to the average Se group. Low doses of SeM promoted a significant increase in GPx4 gene levels, while high doses of SeS increased the expression levels of SLC7A11 gene and SLC7A11 protein (P<0.05, P<0.01). The Se group showed a significant decrease in the levels of acsl4 and ptgs2 genes compared to the normal control group. SeM promoted the expression of acsl4, while SeS promoted the expression of ptgs2 and fth1 (P<0.01, P<0.05). The intervention results of GC2 spd showed that the Erastin group had a decrease in ptgs2 compared to the normal control group, while the SeS+Erastin and SeM+Erastin groups had an increase in ptgs2 gene expression compared to the Erastin group. However, the ptgs2 expression of Fer-1 was lower than that of the normal control group, and the ptgs2 gene level of SeS+Fer-1 and SeM+Fer-1 groups was lower than that of Fer-1 group (P<0.05); The gene quantity of GPx4 in the SeM+Erastin and SeM+Fer-1 groups increased compared to the Erastin and Fer-1 groups (P<0.01, P<0.05); SeM+Erastin and SeS+Erastin showed a decrease in SLC7A11 compared to the Erastin group, as well as SeM+Fer-1 and SeS+Fer-1 groups compared to the Fer-1 group, accompanied by an increase in acsl4 and fth1 (P<0.01)., Conclusion: Selenium deficiency causes the reduction of the SLC7A11 and GPx4 gene levels, disorder of ferroptosis-related genes and down-regulation of the GPx4 protein expression in the mouse testis and spermatocytes. Selenium can promote the expression of GPx4, up-regulate the level of SLC7A11, and improve spermatogenesis in the testis of the mouse with SI. There are differences between organic SeM and inorganic SeS in regulating the ferroptosis pathway-related genes.

During interventional procedures,subjects are exposed to direct and scattered X-rays.Establishing diagnostic reference levels is an ideal way to optimize the radiation dose and reduce radiation hazard.In recent years,diagnostic reference levels in interventional radiology have been established in different countries.However,because of the too many indicators for characterizing the radiation dose,the indicators used to establish diagnostic reference levels vary in different countries.The research achievements in this field remain to be reviewed.We carried out a retrospective analysis of the definition,establishment method,application,and main factors influencing the dose difference of the diagnostic reference level,aiming to provide a basis for establishing the diagnostic reference level for interventional procedures in China.

Noise is one of the most common environmental hazards to which people are exposed,and the exposure to noise can cause not only hearing but also non-hearing damage.Although noise under safety limits may not affect the auditory system,it can cause changes in stress hormone levels,which is harmful to health.However,the current studies about the impact of noise on health mainly focus on the auditory system,and little is known about the relationship between noise and stress hormone levels.Therefore,this paper reviews the studies involving noise exposure and stress hormone levels,aiming to provide ideas for strengthening the prevention and control of noise hazards.

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture at " Siguan " points on behavior, colonic 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in rats with post-stroke depression (PSD), and explore the effect mechanism of electroacupuncture at Siguan points on PSD., Methods: Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation group, a stroke group, a PSD group, a drug group and an electroacupuncture group, with 10 rats in each one. The stroke model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) method in the stroke group; except for the sham-operation group, the rats in the other groups were intervened with MCAO combined with solitary and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) to establish PSD model. In the electroacupuncture group, electroacupuncture was delivered at "Hegu" (LI 4) and "Taichong" (LR 3), with disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/10 Hz in frequency, for 30 min in each intervention, once daily, for consecutive 21 days. Simultaneously, distilled water (0.01 L•kg -1 •d -1 ) was administrated intragastrically. Fluoxetine solution (2.33 mg•kg -1 •d -1 ) was given by gavage , once a day and for 21 days in the drug group. The same procedure of fixation and gavage with distilled water were adopted in the sham-operation group, the stroke group and the PSD group. Separately, before stroke modeling, after PSD modeling and after 21-day intervention, the consumption of sugar water and the scores of horizontal movement and vertical movement in open-field test were observed. After 21-day intervention, the content of colonic 5-HT was detected by immunohistochemical method, and that of fecal SCFAs was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry., Results: After PSD modeling, compared with the stroke group, the sugar water consumption, the horizontal movement scores and vertical movement scores of the open-field test were all reduced in the PSD group, the drug group and the electroacupuncture group ( P <0.05). After 21-day intervention, the sugar water consumption and the scores of horizontal movement and vertical movement of the open-field test were increased in the drug group and the electroacupuncture group ( P <0.05) when compared with the PSD group; and the horizontal movement score in the electroacupuncture group was lower than that of the drug group ( P <0.05). Compared with the sham-operation group, the contents of total fecal SCFAs and acetic acid were lower in the stroke group ( P <0.05), and the contents of colonic 5-HT and total fecal SCFAs, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid were reduced in the PSD group ( P <0.05). In comparison with the PSD group, the contents of colonic 5-HT and total fecal SCFAs, acetic acid and propionic acid were increased in the drug group and the electroacupuncture group ( P <0.05); and the content of colonic 5-HT in the electroacupuncture group was lower than that of the drug group ( P <0.05). The level of colonic 5-HT was positively correlated with the contents of total fecal SCFAs and propionic acid ( r =0.424, P =0.005; r =0.427, P =0.004)., Conclusion: Electroacupuncture at " Siguan " points can relieve the depression-like behavior of PSD rats, and its underlying mechanism may be related to the regulation of fecal SCFAs, which affects the release of colonic 5-HT.

To explore the effects of different long-term fertilization treatments on soil microbial diversity and community structure in the drylands of an agro-pastoral ecotone, a long-term fertilization experiment at the Inner Mongolia cultivated land conservation science observation and experiment station, Ministry of Agriculture, and rural areas was taken as the research object. Four treatments, including no fertilizer (CK), single nitrogen fertilizer (NF), single chemical fertilizer (CF), and the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizer (CFM), were selected for the collection of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil at potato maturity 16 years after the experiment (2019). High-throughput sequencing technology was used to assess the soil bacterial and fungal communities to explore the effects of different fertilization measures on soil quality from the perspective of microorganisms, and the partial least squares path model (PLS-PM) was used to reveal the key environmental driving factors of soil microbial community alternation and crop yield improvement in dryland during fertilization mode transformation. The results showed that:① the CF and CFM treatments significantly improved soil fertility, but the effect of the latter was significantly better than that of the former. Soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the CFM treatment increased by 131.9%-174.7%, 216.9%-283.3%, and 103.3%-109.3%, respectively, and organic matter and total nitrogen content also increased significantly. The CF treatment still maintained a high soil pH, whereas the NF treatment significantly decreased soil pH and had little effect in improving soil fertility. ② Compared with that under CK, the NF treatment significantly reduced the soil bacterial Chao1 and Shannon index, and the CFM treatment significantly increased the soil bacterial species richness, Chao1 index, and soil fungal Shannon index, whereas soil bacterial and fungal diversity in the CF treatment did not reach a significant difference level with CK. ③ The soil microbial community composition at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm was similar. The CFM treatment increased the relative abundance of soil beneficial bacteria and decreased the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria. The relative abundance of dominant bacteria such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Gemmatimonadetes increased. The relative abundances of Actinobacteria, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota were decreased, whereas the NF and CF treatments showed the opposite trend. ④ PLS-PM analysis showed that with the gradual change in fertilization mode from CK→NF→CF→CFM, the driving factors affecting microbial community succession and yield increase were also changed from soil pH→soil NPK content→soil pH, SOM, and NPK content. In general, long-term fertilization had significant effects on soil chemical properties and microbial communities in drylands in the agro-pastoral ecotone. As the optimal fertilization choice, CFM was significantly better than NF and CF in improving soil fertility and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. The number of pathogens in long-term non-fertilization and unbalanced fertilization soil was significantly increased, and the risk of crop infection to indigenous diseases was increased. The research results can provide scientific reference for farmland nutrient balance management and soil microenvironment improvement of the agricultural ecosystem in the agro-pastoral ecotone in North China.

Background: Few of the interventions currently available for family caregivers (FCGs) of persons with dementia (PWDs) with long-term follow-ups have a grounding in theory and incorporate multicomponent case management formats., Purpose: Based on Pearlin's Caregiving and Stress Process model, this study was developed to examine the effectiveness of a family-centered case management program for PWDs with early to moderate dementia in terms of reducing PWDs behavioral problems and improve FCG outcomes, including distress, self-efficacy, depression, caregiver burden, and health-promoting behaviors., Methods: This randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled trial included 76 dyads of PWDs and their FCGs. The dyads were recruited from outpatient clinics at dementia centers in three district hospitals in northern Taiwan. The dyads were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG, n = 39) and control group (CG, n = 37). The dyads in the IG received a four-month intervention with two home or clinic visits and two telephone interviews. The multi-component interventions provided assessment, education, consultations, support, and referrals to long-term care resources. The CG received routine care and two social phone calls. Data were collected upon enrollment (T0 = baseline) and at 4-,6-, and 12-months post-intervention (T1, T2, and T3, respectively). Generalized estimating equations were conducted to analyze the effects of the intervention., Results: By controlling for the interaction between group and time, we made a comparison between IG and the CG. The results showed significant improvements from baseline measures in behavioral problems in the PWDs for mood, psychosis, and social engagement, and improvements in the FCGs for distress and self-efficacy for obtaining respite as well as for better control of distressing thoughts, feelings of depression, caregiver burden, and overall health promoting behaviors at T1 and T2 (p < 0.5). Significant improvements were also found in the IG for psychomotor regulation among PWDs and the self-efficacy of FCGs in managing the PWDs' disturbing behaviors and health promotion behaviors for nutrition at T1 (p < 0.5). There were no significant improvements in the outcome variables at T3., Conclusions / Implications for Practice: Significant interactions between group and time were found at the 6-month assessment (T2) for improvements in problem behaviors of PWDs and depression, caregiver burden, and distress in the FCGs. Positive effects on self-efficacy and health promotion behaviors among the FCGs were also achieved. The results suggest that a multicomponent case management intervention should be referenced in dementia care policymaking for FCGs and PWDs.

Both the twelve jing -well points and Shixuan (EX-UE 11) are the commonly used first-aid points. These two kinds of acupoints are located closely and similar in function, hence, they are often confused in application. In order to explore the origin of their location and theory as well as their relationship, the relevant data were retrieved. It has been found that the relationship between jing -well points and Shixuan (EX-UE 11) is traced at the earliest time to Huangdi Neijing ( Yellow Emperor's Internal Classics ). It is believed that the jing -well points refer to the starting points or the ending points of the twelve regular meridians and Shixuan (EX-UE 11) are located at the crossing sites of yin - yang related meridians of the regular meridians. These two kinds of acupoints are interconnected, share the same source and are also different from each other. Qiduan (EX-LE 12) is also named as foot-Shixuan. Shixuan (EX-UE 11) and Qiduan (EX-LE 12) can be regarded as the same category, just like jing -well points. In clinical practice, the jing -well points are generally selected in treatment of internal diseases, local diseases and those on the running course of meridians. They can be used separately in treatment. Shixuan (EX-UE 11) is the first option, or combined with Qiduan (EX-LE 12) in the emergent treatment of tense syndrome and syncope. The jing -well points and Shixuan (EX-UE 11) are different even though sharing the same origin. They are mutually benefited and supplemented with each other in clinical practice.

This article focuses on the Bu - yi (the disease has not been cured after treatment) recorded in the Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor and discusses four aspects, including acupuncture feasibility, acupuncture treatment transformation, acupuncture point selection and acupuncture treatment principles. We hope to explain the virtual acupuncture in the Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor from a deeper level and provide new ideas for clinical acupuncture treatment.

Four controversial types of simplex reinforcing-reducing manipulation of acupuncture and their possible meanings were summarized to explore several key elements of reinforcing-reducing manipulation of acupuncture, in addition, the simplex reinforcing-reducing manipulation of acupuncture was classified by single factor. It is concluded that the definition of simplex reinforcing-reducing manipulation of acupuncture should try not to include other non-manipulative elements. According to single factor, it can be divided into: needle-oriented reinforcing-reducing manipulation, twisting reinforcing-reducing manipulation, lifting and interpolating reinforcing-reducing manipulation, fast and slow reinforcing-reducing manipulation, breathing reinforcing-reducing manipulation, opening and closing reinforcing-reducing manipulation. In addition, after considering the effect and principle of number reinforcing-reducing manipulation, it can be considered.

Aerosol samples of PM2.5 were collected simultaneously at 6 sites from five cities (Guangzhou urban, Conghua (suburban of Guangzhou), Foshan, Dongguan, Shenzhen and Zhubai) in Pearl River Delta region during the summer of 2010. The concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water-soluble ions were determined by thermal/optical carbon analyzer and ion chromatography, respectively. The characteristics of PM2, OC, EC and ions, spatial distribution were discussed. Moreover, ambient light extinction coefficients were reconstructed by IMPROVE formula. The results showed that spatial distribution characteristics of PM2.5. and its chemical compositions were obviously different. The PM2.5 in Guangzhou, Foshan and Dongguan were higher than those in Zhuhai and Shenzhen. The contributions of (NH4)2SO4, OM, EC and NH4NO3 to ambient light extinction coefficient were 39%, 31%, 12% and 13%, respectively.

Objective: To study the effects of perinatal recurrent infection on the brain development in immature mice., Methods: Six pregnant C57BL6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups: intrauterine infection, perinatal recurrent infection and control. The intrauterine infection group was intraperitoneally injected with LPS (0.5 mg/kg) on the 18th day of pregnancy. The perinatal recurrent infection group was injected with LPS (0.5 mg/kg) on the 18th day of pregnancy and their offsprings were intraperitoneally injected with the same dose of LPS daily from postnatal day 3 to 12. The control group was administered with normal saline at the same time points as the recurrent infection group. The short-time neurobehaviors were assessed on postnatal day 13. The mice were then sacrificed to measure brain weights and neuropathological changes using cresyl violet staining. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of TNF-α, Caspase-3 and myelin basic protein (MBP)., Results: The brain weights of the recurrent infection group were significantly lower than the control and intrauterine infection groups (P<0.05) and the recurrent infection group displayed significant neuropathological changes. Perinatal recurrent infection resulted in increased expression levels of TNF-α and Caspase-3, and decreased expression level of MBP compared with the intrauterine infection and control groups (P<0.01). The neurobehavior test showed that the recurrent infection group used longer time in gait reflex, right reflex and geotaxis reflex compared with the control and intrauterine infection groups on postnatal day 13 (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Perinatal recurrent infection may exacerbate inflammatory response and cell death in the immature brain, which may be one of the important factors for perinatal brain injury.

In order to investigate the effects of nitrogen addition on the red soil microbial communities in Cinnamomum camphora plantation, three treatments of nitrogen addition were designated as control (N0: 0 g x m(-2)), low nitrogen (N1: 5 g x m(-2)) and high nitrogen (N2 :15 g x m(-2)). Soil microbial numbers, microbial biomass carbon (C), biomass N and microbial community functional diversity were analyzed using the methods of plate counting, chloroform fumigation and BIOLOG system, respectively. The results showed that the numbers of bacteria in N1 and N2 were significantly higher than the control 1 month after nitrogen addition, but significantly lower than the control 13 months after nitrogen addition, and the number of fungi and actinomycetes were not significantly changed after nitrogen addition. The soil microbial biomass C, N increased with the increase of nitrogen at 1 month, but the soil microbial biomass C increased significantly 13 months after nitrogen addition when compared with 1 month after nitrogen addition. The soil microbial biomass N was lower 13 months after nitrogen addition when compared with 1 month after nitrogen addition, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). The variation of the carbon utilization efficiency of soil microbial communities was resulted from the nitrogen addition. The indices of Shannon index, Simpson index and McIntosh index were calculated to show the differences in nitrogen treatments and in times, which turned out to be insignificant.

Objective: To observe the effect of rapamycin on the MG-63 osteosarcoma cells (OC), osteosarcoma stem cells (OSC) and on mTOR signaling pathway, and explore the feasibility of rapamycin as a novel therapeutic measure in osteosarcoma chemotherapy regimens., Methods: OC and OSC were cultured in vitro. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the expression of Nanog and Oct4 in OC and OSC. OC and OSC were treated with rapamycin in concentrations of 0, 20, 50 and 100 nmol/L. Semi-quantitative PCR and RT-PCR were used to detect the mTOR mRNA and CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation, and the cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope., Results: The cores of MG-63 cellular spheres exhibited embryonic stem cell characteristics such as Nanog and Oct4 expession. The mTOR pathway was activated in the OSC and the expression of mTOR mRNA was higher in OSC (0.761 ± 0.080) than that in OS (0.406 ± 0.090, P < 0.05) by semi-quantitative PCR. RT-PCR showed that the expression of mTOR mRNA was lower in OSCs treated with 100 nmol/L rapamycin (0.961 ± 0.060) than that with 0 nmol/L rapamycin (1.654 ± 0.246, P < 0.05). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay showed that the proliferation of OC treated with 20, 50 and 100 nmol/L rapamycin was significantly inhibited, compared with that with 0 nmol/L rapamycin (P < 0.05). Compared with 0 nmol/L rapamycin, the proliferation of OSC treated with 20 and 50 nmol/L rapamycin was not significantly inhibited (P > 0.05), but that with 100 nmol/L rapamycin was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05). The invert microscopic observation revealed that rapamycin inhibited the formation of OSC spheres., Conclusions: Rapamycin can effectively inhibit cell proliferation and the ability of sphere formation of OSCs. It will provide a basis for a novel therapeutic approach in osteosarcoma chemotherapy regimens.

Background: This study aims to observe the long-term effects of sequential therapy with a platinum-based regimen and gefitinib for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with failed chemotherapy under the guidance of surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI)., Methods: Nine NSCLC patients with failed chemotherapy and ≤15% abundance of M/Z: 8,693±50H+ were selected. The patients were administered with 250 mg of gefitinib (p.o., once a day). During the therapy, SELDI was applied every 2 months. If the M/Z: 8,693±50H+ abundance was >25%, chemotherapy was applied; if the abundance was ≤15%, gefitinib (p.o.) was applied. In between, we chose gefitinib according to the mass and tumor markers. On the base, we sequentially applied the drug and observed the total survival time., Results: Follow-ups until December 2010 revealed that the median overall survival time of the nine patients was 27 months (10 months-66 months)., Conclusions: The treatment benefit ratio and benefit time of anti-NSCLC drugs can be improved by SELDI fingerprinting.

Objective: To explore the effects of Rho-kinase inhibitor on cardiac hypertrophy of left ventricle in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)., Methods: SHRs (n = 30) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 6 each): SHR control group, 5 mg/kg fasudil group (SHRL), 10 mg/kg fasudil group (SHRM), 20 mg/kg fasudil group (SHRH) and nifedipine group (XBDP, 10 mg/kg). Six male Wistar-Kyoto rats were selected as normal control group (WKY group). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured before and after treatment every 2 weeks. The hypertrophic parameters of left ventricular weight index (LVWI) and cardiomyocyte transverse diameter (TDM) were measured. In addition, the expression levels of Rho kinase mRNA and protein in cardiomyocytes were observed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot., Results: The levels of LVWI and TDM in WKY group were significantly lower than those in SHR control group [(2.98 ± 0.05) vs (3.16 ± 0.08) mg/g, (18.18 ± 0.75) vs (21.32 ± 1.25) µm, P < 0.01]. After 8 weeks, the levels of LVWI and TDM in three fasudil groups were markedly lower than those in SHR control group [SHRL group: (3.12 ± 0.05) mg/g, SHRM group: (3.10 ± 0.07) mg/g, SHRH group: (3.08 ± 0.09) mg/g vs SHR control group: (3.16 ± 0.08) mg/g, SHRL group: (20.11 ± 1.15) µm, SHRM group: (19.63 ± 1.62) µm, SHRH group: (18.91 ± 1.05) µm vs SHR control group: (21.32 ± 1.25) µm, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01]. But the levels of LVWI and TDM were not different between SHR control and XBDP groups [(3.14 ± 0.08) mg/g,(21.42 ± 1.23) µm, P > 0.05]. Compared with SHR control group, the expression of Rho kinase mRNA and protein in cardiomyocytes significantly decreased in three fasudil groups [SHRL group mRNA: (0.45 ± 0.08), SHRM group mRNA: (0.37 ± 0.07), SHRH group mRNA: (0.32 ± 0.07) vs SHR control group mRNA: (0.63 ± 0.07), SHRL group protein: 0.78 ± 0.11), SHRM group protein: (0.73 ± 0.10), SHRH group protein: (0.68 ± 0.10) vs SHR control group protein: (0.90 ± 0.1), P < 0.05 or P < 0.01], but showed no obvious change in XBDP group [mRNA: (0.56 ± 0.07), protein: (0.85 ± 0.10), P > 0.05]., Conclusions: Rho kinase inhibitor may significantly down-regulate the expression of Rho kinase in cardiomyocytes of SHR. The mechanism is probably due to the favorable effects of Rho kinase inhibitor in the prevention of cardiac hypertrophy of left ventricle.

Reality therapy has been demonstrated to be an effective strategy in achieving behavioral change. This case study used reality therapy as a therapeutic communication tool to help improve the family relationships of a client with schizophrenia. We used a four-tiered questioning technique to address, respectively, the aspects of "want," "doing/direction," "evaluation" and "plan" (WDEP). Nursing interventions were held between October 21st and November 19th, 2010. The authors used the reality therapy framework and WDEP system to guide the client to explore her inner needs, review problems objectively, and determine where efforts could be focused most effectively. Better appreciation of her abilities and strengths and encouragement of effective actions helped improve client relationships with her family members. This study introduced reality therapy and shared clinical experiences in order to help readers better understand reality therapy as an alternative framework of communication in nursing care.

Objective: To investigate the value of 320-rows CT perfusion (CTP) imaging in the study of hepatic hemodynamic characters in ischemic-type biliary lesions (ITBL) after liver transplantation., Methods: A total of 11 ITBL patients received 320-slice CT angiography (CTA) and CTP after liver transplantation scheduled at 5-10 min away. Four patients underwent liver biopsy While 7 patients with normal liver after transplantation were selected as the control group. The parameters of hepatic artery perfusion (HAP), portal vein perfusion (PVP), total hepatic perfusion (TLP) and hepatic arterial perfusion index (HPI) were measured and compared for all patients. And the blood perfusion characters of liver with ITBL after transplantation were analyzed., Results: (1) In 11 ITBL patients, 3 patients had no vascular complications on CTA, 1 with simple hepatic artery stenosis (HAS), 1 with HAS and arterioportal shunt (APS), 2 with HAS and portal vein stenosis/right hepatic vein stenosis (PVS/RHVS), 1 with simple APS, 2 with simple PVS and 1 with portal vein thrombosis and cavernous transformation of portal vein (PVT and CTPV). And 4/11 patients underwent liver biopsy, 2 in which confirmed mild acute rejection and 2 confirmed biliary obstruction associated with ascending biliary infection.(2) HAP of the ITBL and control groups were (66 ± 38) and (40 ± 8) ml×min(-1)·(100 ml)(-1), PVP (128 ± 35) and (163 ± 21) ml×min(-1)·(100 ml)(-1), TLP (194 ± 58) and (203 ± 19) ml×min(-1)·(100 ml)(-1), HPI 34% ± 14% and 21% ± 4% respectively. The differences in the value of HAP, PVP and HPI between the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05) excluding TLP., Conclusion: Various liver perfusion abnormalities of ITBL may be evaluated objectively by CTP. ITBL might occurred when HAP and HPI increased with a decreased of PVP.

Objectives: To analyze the long-term results of fibrin glue embolization to eliminate type I endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), and to assess the feasibility and durability of this technique., Methods: From August 2002 to June 2010, among the 953 EVAR patients, 51 (5.4%) patients underwent intraoperative transcatheter fibrin glue sac embolization to resolve type I endoleak persisting after initial intraoperative maneuvers to close the leak or in necks too short or angulated for cuff placement. Computed tomographic angiography was performed to assess the outcome after 3, 6, and 12 months and annually thereafter. A retrospective study was conducted, and characteristics of the patients, intra-sac pressure, hospital course, and long-term outcomes were recorded., Results: Among the 51 patients, 19 (37.3%) patients had proximal necks long < 10 mm, and 6 (11.8%) patients had proximal neck angulation > 60°; 22 patients (3 additional iliac extension, 14 cuffs, and/or 8 stents) had been placed with additional devices. After fibrin glue injection, 50 (98.0%) of the 51 endoleaks were successfully resolved, and intra-sac pressure (including systolic, diastolic, mean pressures, pulse pressure, and the mean pressure indexes) decreased significantly in these cases. The patient who failed embolotherapy was converted to open surgery (2.0%); he died 2 months later from multiorgan failure. And other two (4.8%) patients died in the peri-operative period from myocardial infarction. The median of follow-up of 48 patients was 45 months (range 4 - 106 months). The mean maximal aneurysm diameter fell from the baseline (61.5 ± 15.2) mm to (48.8 ± 10.1) mm (P = 0.000). Three (6.2%) patients died in the follow-up duration (1 aneurysm-related, died of renal failure which was caused by the compromised renal artery). Cumulative survival was 97.9% at 1 year, 94.5% at 3 years, and 90.8% at 4 years. No recurrent type I endoleak or glue-related complications were observed in follow-up., Conclusions: Fibrin glue embolization to eliminate type I endoleak after EVAR has yielded promising results in this study, and it can effectively and durable resolve the type I endoleaks. Balloon occlusion of the inflow of the endoleak must be done during glue injection, to enhance the safety and facilitate formation of a structured fibrin clot.

Objective: To define the anatomical approach, anatomical planes and related vessels and nerves to create a safe and reproducible combined sublingual and bi-vestibular access for trans-oral video-assisted thyroidectomy., Methods: From November 2009 to May 2011, twenty-five embalmed human specimens were dissected for anatomical information of the cervical region, the mandible region and the supra-hyoid muscles. On twenty fresh frozen human specimens after an experimental trans-oral endoscopic thyroidectomy, the related vascular, neural structures and muscles were evaluated., Results: The optical access port was placed in the midline sublingual. The geniohyoid muscle, mylohyoid muscle and the anterior belly of the digastric muscle were divided in the midline in order to reach the plane under the platysma muscle. The mucosa was sagittal incised bilaterally in the vestibular of oral cavity for working trocar, at the level of the first molar of the mandible. The working trocar reached directly the periosteum of the mandible, under the facial vessel and the marginal branch of facial nerve, and then passed below the platysma muscle into the infra-laryngeal working area. The distance from mental nerve to mandibular midline and between mental nerve and facial artery were (25.8 ± 0.9) mm and (29.4 ± 0.9) mm respectively. Anatomical dissections showed that after an experimental trans-oral combined sublingual and bi-vestibular access, all muscles of the floor of the oral cavity as well as the related vascular and neural structures are intact. The maximum nodule size of the resected specimens in the totally trans-oral approach was up to 50 mm., Conclusion: The combined sublingual and bi-vestibular access of trans-oral video-assisted thyroidectomy is safe and reproducible.

Objective: To examine the effects of EPO administration on the integrity of myocardium in a rat model of asphyxia-induced cardiac arrest/CPR., Methods: 24 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups (8 each) to receive (1) cardiac arrest (induced by tracheal catheter clamping for 8 minutes)/CPR (by chest compressions and mechanical ventilation 8 minutes after cardiac arrest), (2) cardiac arrest/CPR +EPO (5 kU/kg, i.v, 3 minutes after restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and (3) no-treatment (control). The left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and maximal positive/negative filling pressure change versus time (±dp/dt max) in the animals were recorded 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after ROSC. Blood and heart tissue samples were collected 120 minutes after ROSC for the examination of serum troponin I (cTnI) level, myocardium pathological change (by light/electronic microscopy), and myocardium apoptosis [by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining]., Results: The LVSP, +dp/dt max and - dp/dt max absolute value in CPR group and EPO group were significantly lower than those of baseline at 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes after ROCS. In comparison with the control group, the LVSP( mm Hg, 1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa: 119.52±12.68, 134.32±15.78 vs. 165.82±7.05), +dp/dt max (mm Hg/sec: 4457.14±826.22, 6019.85±1192.19 vs. 10325.93±773.09), and - dp/dt max ( mm Hg/sec: - 3956.04±952.37, - 4957.22±838.60 vs. - 8421.33±886.65) were significant lower (all P < 0.01) in the CPR and EPO group 30 minutes after ROSC, and such tendency remained till 120 minutes after ROSC: (LVSP: 124.62±8.07, 145.61±16.70 vs. 162.34±7.63; +dp/dt max: 4977.67±350.40, 7471.62±998.32 vs. 9999.39±727.96; - dp/dt max: - 4145.51±729.77, - 5895.64±787.30 vs. - 8089.75±981.52). Compared to the CPR group, the value of LVSP, + dp/dt max and - dp/dt max at all time points were significantly higher in EPO group (all P < 0.05). The LVEDP value was significantly higher ( P < 0.01) in both CPR and EPO group in comparison with the control (mm Hg/sec: 22.94±3.94, 11.18±2.58 vs. 2.89±0.70) 120 minutes after ROSC, and it was significantly lower in EPO group in comparison with CPR group ( P < 0.05). Light/electronic microscopy revealed myocardial necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, myocardial cell membrane integrity loss, mitochondrial swelling, and increased number of apoptotic cardiomyocyte (314.1±30.7 vs. 165.2±45.9 as in control) in CPR group samples. In contrast, the cardiomyocyte morphologic damages were significantly fewer in EPO group, so is the numbers of apoptotic cardiomyocyte (242.1±20.0 vs. 314.1±30.7, P < 0.05). In comparison with the control, the serum cTnI 120 minutes after ROSC was significantly higher (all P < 0.01) in CPR and EPO group (μg/L: 20.70±5.96,16.98±3.81 vs. 2.60±0.86), but no such difference was found between these two groups., Conclusion: EPO can attenuate the post resuscitation myocardial injury probably through its mitochondrial protective, anti-apoptotic effect.

Objective: To explore the effect of different doses of 1,25-(OH)(2)VitD(3) early supplementation on airway inflammation and lung inflammatory factors in baby rats with asthma., Methods: Forty male weaned Wistar rats were divided into normal group, model group, low 1,25-(OH)(2)VitD(3) group, middle 1,25-(OH)(2)VitD(3) group, high 1,25-(OH)(2)VitD(3) group using random number table (8 rats each group). The rats in low, middle and high 1,25-(OH)(2)VitD(3) groups were given 1, 4, 10 µg/kg of 1,25-(OH)(2)VitD(3) every other day by intraperitoneal injection respectively for 25 days. Except normal group, the rats in other groups were challenged with ovalbumin to establish the asthma model. The pathologic changes of lung tissue, the total white blood cell and classified cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. The concentrations of IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-γ in serum and BALF were measured by ELISA method., Results: The level of total white blood cell counts in BALF were (5.98 ± 1.67)×10(5)/ml, (25.34 ± 4.28)×10(5)/ml, (17.24 ± 3.3)×10(5)/ml, (9.31 ± 3.37)×10(5)/ml, (45.1 ± 15.75)×10(5)/ml, respectively (F = 33.453, P < 0.01). The percent ratio of EOS in BALF were (1.44 ± 0.78)%, (17.81 ± 6.88)%, (15.00 ± 5.70)%, (8.89 ± 3.66)%, (25.88 ± 5.57)%, respectively (F = 27.299, P < 0.01). The level of IL-4 in serum of normal, model, low, middle and high-1,25-(OH)(2)VitD(3) groups were (0.62 ± 0.54), (7.57 ± 1.04), (3.58 ± 0.56), (2.70 ± 0.78) and (5.27 ± 0.30) pg/ml, respectively (F = 116.287, P < 0.01); IL-5 in resume were (32.20 ± 4.23), (67.14 ± 18.14), (37.51 ± 0.47), (40.69 ± 2.47) and (124.60 ± 36.19) pg/ml, respectively (F = 23.902, P < 0.01); IFN-γ in serum were (79.71 ± 10.08), (49.06 ± 4.46), (59.15 ± 2.51), (59.27 ± 2.33) and (53.85 ± 1.97) pg/ml, respectively (F = 39.954, P < 0.01). Also in BLAF, the IL-4 of all groups were (0.51 ± 0.30), (102.92 ± 54.61), (8.64 ± 4.07), (3.10 ± 1.28) and (33.67 ± 8.1) pg/ml, respectively (F = 24.062, P < 0.01); the IFN-γ were (247.37 ± 189.18), (43.82 ± 13.76), (81.32 ± 17.07), (86.50 ± 14.26) and (59.89 ± 34.17) pg/ml, respectively (F = 7.157, P < 0.01); the IL-5 in BALF were (38.81 ± 0.60), (80.48 ± 17.90), (45.11 ± 1.33), (43.39 ± 1.11) and (149.60 ± 45.87) pg/ml, respectively (F = 35.978, P < 0.01). Pathologic changes in lung of asthma rat groups were obvious. The lung pathologic changes in low and middle dose groups showed a significant improvement compared to the asthma group and high dosage group showed more serious pathologic changes compared to the low and middle dose groups., Conclusion: Intervention with appropriate dose of 1,25-(OH)(2)VitD(3) in the early life could improve lung pathologic changes and reduce the effect of inflammatory factors in air way of baby rat asthma model. However, overdose might play detrimental effect.