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Resident training is a necessary path to cultivate excellent clinical doctors. Based on the Consensus on Core Competency Framework for Residency Education Among China Consortium of Elite Teaching Hospitals for Residency Education, Department of Neurology from Peking Union Medical College Hospital has established a training program for neurology residents with a graded evaluation system and a progressive clinical responsibility concept guided by core competency. Overcoming the teaching difficulties of neurology and considering the clinical characteristics of neurology, we have established a series of replicable and promotable neurology residency training curriculum through inheritance and innovation, which provides reference for the continuous improvement of China's neurology residency training program.

Transformer is a deep learning model based on the self-attention mechanism, showing tremendous potential in computer vision. In image classification tasks, the key challenge lies in efficiently and accurately capturing both local and global features of input images. Traditional approaches rely on convolutional neural networks to extract local features at the lower layers, expanding the receptive field through stacked convolutional layers to obtain global features. However, this strategy aggregates information over relatively short distances, making it difficult to model long-term dependencies. In contrast, the self-attention mechanism of Transformer directly compares features across all spatial positions, capturing long-range dependencies at both local and global levels and exhibiting stronger global modeling capabilities. Therefore, a thorough exploration of the challenges faced by Transformer in image classification tasks is crucial. Taking Vision Transformer as an example, this paper provides a detailed overview of the core principles and architecture of Transformer. It then focuses on image classification tasks, summarizing key issues and recent advancements in visual Transformer research related to performance enhancement, computational costs, and training optimization. Furthermore, applications of Transformer in specific domains such as medical imagery, remote sensing, and agricultural images are summarized, highlighting its versatility and generality. Finally, a comprehensive analysis of the research progress in visual Transformer for image classification is presented, offering insights into future directions for the development of visual Transformer.

Objective： The effect of UV sterilization on the texture quality and flavor substances of the frozen grass carp meat was studied, and the best UV irradiation time was determined. Methods: The grass carp meat was pretreated with different UV irradiation times （0, 30, 60, 90, 150 min） at 30 W of UV radiation, then the quality parameters （apparent morphology, total number of bacteria on the surface of fish, juice loss rate, texture parameters, color, odor and sensory） and volatile components of the fish meat during chilling storage （0, 3, 6, 9 d） were measured. Results: It showed that the longer the UV irradiation time （0~150 min）, the better the bacteria reduction effect on the surface of fish, the lower the juice loss rate, and the later the putrefaction smell appeared. However, it had little effect on the texture, color of the fish, and the total bacteria during the latter of chilling storage （6~9 d）. In the detection of flavor substances, 90 volatile components were detected, mainly aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, esters, and acids. Octanal, nonanal, hexanal, 2,5-octadione, 1-hexanol, and 1-octen-3-alcohol were the main volatile components after UV treatment. In the later stage of cold storage, esters and acids were increased gradually, which might be related to the formation of the characteristic aroma of fish meat. Compared with the control group, UV irradiation time of 90 min showed the best comprehensive effect, and the quality was decreased with the extension of irradiation time. Conclusion: UV sterilization pretreatment can delay the deterioration of quality and the decline of flavor of refrigerated grass carp meat in the early stage of chilling storage but has little effect on the quality of grass carp meat in the later stage of chilling storage.

Objective: To explore a green and efficient method for extracting chitin. Methods: The crayfish shells were crushed through three mesh sieves to obtain the raw material. Utilizing ultrasonic wave and citric acid and urea to remove calcium and protein from the sample, decolorize it with hydrogen peroxide, filter it, and then dry it to produce chitin products. The particle size of the chitin sample was analyzed by laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer. Infrared absorption characteristics were measured by an infrared spectrometer. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the apparent structure of the sample. Results: It was shown that the larger the mesh size, the higher the purity of the chitin product. The yield of chitin from 200 mesh crayfish shell powder increased to 43.93%, and the purity increased to 55.39%. The particle size of chitin samples obtained from shrimp shell powder of three mesh numbers after plasma treatment decreased from 340.05, 184.30, and 137.39 μm without plasma treatment to 195.95, 159.02, and 53.51 μm respectively. Infrared spectrum analysis showed that the crayfish shell powder treated by plasma-assisted ultrasonic-assisted weak acid and weak base method displayed the absorption characteristics of chitin and magenta, indicating that the main component of the treated sample was chitin. The scanning electron microscope results showed that the structure of the chitin sample was looser and the surface was uneven after plasma treatment. Multiple statistical analyses showed that screening and plasma treatment had a significant impact on the whole properties of chitin samples. Conclusion: In this study, plasma and ultrasonic-assisted weak acid and weak base extraction of chitin from crayfish shells can improve the traditional acid-base process, reduce the environmental pollution of acid-base reagents, and effectively improve the extraction rate and purity of chitin.

Considering the problems that quantitative analysis and optimization of the geometrical model of scroll compressor created from involute of circle with variable radii are incomplete, the changing trend of the working chamber volume from the beginning of the suction process to the end of the discharge process is given. The volume calculation differences of Green’s theorem method, the graphical method, and the normal isometric method are compared, the reasons for calculation errors are analyzed, and the correctness of the geometrical model is verified. The calculation formula of teeth area utilization rate is deduced, and the sensitivity models of suction volume and teeth area utilization rate are constructed. It is concluded that the influence of the base circle radius variation coefficient and the occurrence angle of the inner profile are particularly significant. A multi-objective optimization analysis model considering nonlinear constraints and taking the suction volume and teeth area utilization rate as the optimization goals is established. The results show that the multi-objective genetic algorithm NSGA-II has a better comprehensive performance than the multi-objective particle swarm algorithm MOPSO and the suction volume of the scroll compressor created from the involute of circle with variable radii for an automobile air conditioner has been increased by 6.5% and the teeth area utilization rate has been reduced by 4.27%. This paper can provide further theoretical reference for the optimal design and quantitative research of the scroll compressor constructed from involute of circle with variable radii.

In order to investigate the influence of the refining process on the quality and sensory properties of snakehead fish oil, the physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition and volatile flavor composition during the refining process of crude fish oil extracted from snakehead viscera were evaluated. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of snakehead fish oil were significantly improved; the acid value, peroxide value, moisture content, volatile content, anisidine value and unsaponifiable matter content were significantly reduced, and the iodine value was increased. In total, 27 fatty acids were detected in snakehead fish oil, the major ones being oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palmitic acid. During the refining process, the number of fatty acids was almost unchanged, the contents of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased, while a reverse trend was observed for the content of saturated fatty acids. Additionally, a total of 99 volatile compounds were detected during the refining process of snakehead fish oil, among which 14 compounds including 1-octen-3-ol, hexanal, nonanal, 2-heptenal, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, 2,4-decadienal, and trans-2,4-decadienal were the key flavor substances of snakehead fish oil. These findings provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the deep processing and high-value utilization of snakehead fish visceral oil.

A novel variable thickness scroll expander composed of involutes of circle with different base circle radii is proposed. The generating method of profile is discussed, the general equation of profile is given, and a series of geometric models of the variable thickness scroll expander are established. According to the established geometric model, the influence of control coefficient on the volume change of the variable thickness scroll expander is analyzed. In addition, the geometric models of the traditional equal constant thickness and variable thickness scroll expander are constructed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the geometric models are compared. The results show that the novel variable thickness scroll expander model not only has the advantages of the traditional variable thickness model, but also greatly reduces the amount of calculation. To a certain extent, it enriches the types of variable thickness scroll expanders and provides reference for the development of high-performance scroll expanders.

Objective To explore the improvement effect of green channel process optimization in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) on intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) quality in Lhasa. Methods All patients with AIS who received IVT by the stroke center of Tibet Autonomous Region from August 2019 to December 2021 were included. According to whether the stroke green channel process was optimized, they were divided into the pre-optimization group (August 2019 to June 2021) and the post-optimization group (July to December 2021). The quality of IVT and stroke prognosis were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results A total of 34 patients with AIS who received IVT were included (an average of 1.2 patients per month), including 16 in the pre-optimization group and 18 in the post-optimization group. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores at baseline, immediately after thrombolysis, and 24 hours after thrombolysis were 6.5(3.0, 12.0), 3.0(1.0, 5.5)and 2.0(0, 6.3), respectively. The door to needle time in the post-optimization group was significantly shortened, as compared with that of the pre-optimization group[(67.1±37.8)min vs. (108.9±53.8)min, P=0.035]. Onset to needle time [(176.7±69.7)min vs. (199.1±47.8)min, P=0.065], the compliance rate of door to needle time ≤60 min (50.0% vs. 18.8%, P=0.061) and the proportion of good short-term efficacy of thrombolysis (77.8% vs. 62.5%, P=0.336) were improved, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions After the process optimization of stroke green channel, the in-hospital delay of IVT for AIS in Lhasa is significantly improved, which is helpful to enhance the first-aid efficiency of early treatment of AIS.

In order to analyze the flow characteristics of the internal flow field in the working chamber of the oil-free double-warp scroll compressor, a three-dimensional unsteady numerical simulation of the internal flow field in the working chamber of the compressor is conducted based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. In order to verify the deviation between the numerical simulation and the actual working process, a test platform for scroll compressors using air as the working medium is built, and the actual output performance parameters of the oil-free double-warp scroll compressor are obtained. The results show that the mass exchange between adjacent working chambers has a greater impact on the working chamber and the distribution of temperature and velocity along the tooth height direction, but has a little impact on pressure. The inlet and outlet mass flow and velocity rate change periodically, and as the compressor speed increases, the theoretical volume flow increases.

Objective This study aimed at describing the frequency of rare variants of monogenic cerebral small vessel diseases (CSVD) in a cohort of patients with CSVD, and to explore its clinical relevance. Methods This study included CSVD patients visiting the Neurology Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH) from March 2017 to January 2022, collecting their demographic and clinical information and DNA samples for whole-exome sequencing. Descriptive analysis and statistical analysis were conducted exploring the differences between monogenic CSVD-related gene mutation carriers and noncarriers. Results A total of 292 patients were included, 51.03% of whom carried one or more rare variants of monogenic CSVD-related genes. The most common rare low-frequency variants were located in the NOTCH3 gene (70 patients, 23.97%), followed by HTRA1 and COL4A1/COL4A2 (22 patients, 7.53%) respectively. Among the subgroup of patients without a family history of stroke (n=176), the frequency of rare variants was as high as 47.16%. Compared with non-carriers, the carriers were diagnosed at a younger age (58.76±13.71 vs. 63.46±13.21, P=0.003). No difference was found in phenotypes among single-SNP carriers, multiple-SNPs carriers, and noncarriers. Conclusions The frequency of rare mutation of monogenic CSVD-related genes were relatively high in Chinese CSVD cohort. The most common rare variant was within the NOTCH3, followed by HTRA1 and COL4A1/COL4A2 genes. For CSVD patients of unknown causes, genetic screening should not be neglected even if there is not a family history of the disease.

BackgroundThe patient with ulcerative colitis (UC) in remission has a long course of disease, and needs a long-term maintenance treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has proved to be partially effective in treating UC in remission, but the efficacy of Jianpiqingrehuashi granular decoction (JPQRHSGD) against UC in remission is not yet clear.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of JPQRHSGD with mesalamine versus mesalamine in the treatment of UC in remission using an N-of-1 trial.MethodsAn N-of-1 trial was conducted between June 2020 and March 2021. Participant was an outpatient with UC in remission with spleen deficiency-induced dampness-heat syndrome who was selected from the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. The patient received a treatment program, namely four rounds of treatment without washout consisting of eight cycles〔each round includes two cycles, that was, one-month intervention treatment (use of JPQRHSGD with mesalamine) alternating with one-month control treatment (taking mesalamine only) 〕. Efficaciesof two types of treatment were evaluated by of the TCM Syndrome Score (TCMSS) , Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) , visual analogue scale (VAS) for abdominal pain and diarrhea, and Short Health Scale (SHS) . Safety was also compared between the two treatments.ResultsThe total TCMSS in intervention period was significantly lower than that in control period (P

The wind pressure caused by the high-speed passage of intercity railway trains applies a significant load on the platform screen doors, to ensure the safe of the platform screen doors and achieve reasonable design and construction goals, it is necessary to explore the distribution law and mechanism of wind pressure load on the platform screen doors first. Using Fluent software, RNG k-ε turbulence model was selected, and the control equations were discretized by finite volume method, the second-order upwind scheme and center difference scheme were used to solve the convective and diffusive fluxes, the influence of wind pressure load on platform screen doors caused by intercity train passing through stations was studied. The research results indicates: When a train passes through a station at high speed, the increase in the ross-section area of the enclosed area allows the compressed air to dissipate faster, thereby reducing the wind pressure load on the platform screen doors and minimizing the extreme values of the wind pressure load on the doors; Before the train arrives at the platform screen door, the slight change in the retreat distance between the platform screen door and the platform edge has little effect on the extreme wind pressure load of the platform screen door; After the train arrives at the platform screen door, the airflow changes and distribution in the enclosed area become more severe and complex, the increase in cross-section area makes the wind pressure load of the platform screen door more significantly affected by the change in the retreat distance of the platform screen door; The increase in train passing speed will lead to an increase in the extreme wind pressure load on the platform screen doors; During the process of the train passing through the station, the maximum load at each point of the platform screen door decreases overall along the direction of the train's travel, however, as the speed of the train passing through the station increases, the minimum load (suction) near the end of the platform screen door in the direction of the train's travel tends to increase, and this phenomenon becomes more pronounced as the speed increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic code comment generation technology can analyze the semantic information of source code and generate corresponding natural language descriptions,which can help developers understand the program and reduce the time cost during software maintenance.Most of the existing technologies are based on the encoder and decoder model of the recurrent neural network(RNN).However,this method suffers from long-term dependency problem,which means it cannot generate high-quality comments when analyzing far-away code blocks.To solve this problem,this paper proposes an automatic code comment generation method,which uses the convolutional neural network(CNN) to alleviate the inaccurate comments information caused by the long-term dependence problem.More specifically,this paper uses two CNNs,one source-code based CNN and one AST-based CNN,to capture source code's semantic information.The experimental results indicate that,compared to the two most recent methods,DeepCom and Hybrid-DeepCom,the method proposed in this paper generates more useful code comments and takes less time to execute.

Objective To compare the efficacy of different methods in the removal of calcium hydroxide from root canals and to provide a reference for clinical treatment. Methods A total of 160 extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars were instrumented up to ProTaper Universal F4. The roots were split longitudinally, and standardized groove and depression models were prepared and filled with calcium hydroxide. The samples were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=40) according to different irrigation methods: syringe needle irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation, XP-endo finisher (XPF) irrigation, and M3-Max irrigation. Each group was then divided into 2 subgroups (n=20) according to the irrigation protocol: NaOCl and NaOCl+EDTA. Photos of grooves and depressions were taken under a microscope after irrigation, and the residual calcium hydroxide was scored to compare the removal effects of different irritation methods and solutions. Results In the groove and depression model, when sodium hypochlorite is used as the irrigation fluid, ultrasound irrigation, XPF and M3-Max are better than syringe needle irrigation in removing calcium hydroxide (P < 0.05); when sodium hypochlorite combined with EDTA flushing, the effect of removing calcium hydroxide with ultrasound irrigation, XPF and M3-Max is better than that of syringe needle irrigation (P < 0.05); but there is no statistically significant difference between ultrasound, XPF and M3-Max (P > 0.05); when compared with the use of sodium hypochlorite, the combined use of EDTA irrigation could enhance the effect of ultrasonic irrigation, XPF and M3 Max on the removal of calcium hydroxide (P < 0.05), but there was no significant improvement in the syringe needle irrigation group (P > 0.05). Conclusion Sodium hypochlorite combined with EDTA can enhance the effect of ultrasonic irrigation, XPF and M3 Max on the removal of calcium hydroxide, and there is no significant difference among these approaches, which are more effective than syringe needle irrigation.

In order to determine the spontaneous combustion and thermal characteristics of hydrated coal during saturation to air drying, the combined experimental method of TG-DSC was adopted to research the thermodynamic parameters, activation energy and spontaneous combustion phase of coal samples with different moisture contents during air-drying of hydrated coal. The results show that the oxidation kinetic parameters of the hydrated coal during air-drying generally have a tendency of decreasing-increasing-decreasing at low temperature, but the influence of air-drying degree after reaching high temperature is not significant; the particle size of hydrated coal decreases, oxygen uptake and heat release increase, characteristic temperature and activation energy decrease, and spontaneous combustion period is shortened; in the process of drainage, spontaneous combustion period reduced to a smaller value and then increased, and the minimum value of spontaneous combustion period exists in the water content of 13.01%-14.87%. In the process of safety drainage of coal mine goaf, the degree of drainage should be reasonably determined according to the actual fire prevention arrangement and mining situation, so as to ensure that the residual coal will not develop into spontaneous fire due to excessive water drying.

Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) which are nanoscale membranous vesicles with lipid bilayers secreted by most cells, have received widespread attention from research scholars because they are important mediators of substance exchange and signaling. The basis of curing hepatitis B disease lies in fully understanding the molecular mechanism of HBV replication regulation. HBV mainly binds to membrane surface receptors for replication and transmission, but it is not the only route of infection. In addition to the receptor route, sEVs can transmit free viral HBV to uninfected hepatocytes. However, the mechanism of sEVs mediating HBV infection is not very clear to us, therefore, this paper will focuses on the relationship between sEVs secreted by hepatocytes after HBV infection and the transmission of HBV virus and the mechanism of infection, so as to provide a theoretical guidance for clinical treatment of hepatitis B virus infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Normal and slim cigarettes with different filter ventilation and cigarette paper air permeability were rolled. The effects of filter ventilation, cigarette paper ventilation and ventilation distribution on nine phenolic aroma components release from mainstream cigarette smoke were investigated. The results showed the filter ventilation rate, paper ventilation rate negatively correlated to the releases of nine phenolic aroma components in cigarette smoke, and with the increase of ventilation rate, the decrease rate of maltol with caramel flavour and smaller molecular weight was higher, while the decrease rate of eugenol with smoky flavor and larger molecular weight was lower. No matter normal or small cigarettes, the paper and filter ventilation rate have different effects on the decrease of smoke composition, and the paper ventilation rate has greater influence than the filter ventilation rate. The effects of filter ventilation rate, paper ventilation rate and ventilation distribution on the release of nine phenolic aroma components in conventional cigarette smoke were greater than those in slim cigarette smoke. When the total ventilation rate was the same, the release of 9 phenolic aroma components in cigarette smoke with high filter ventilation rate and low paper ventilation rate was higher than that with low filter ventilation rate and high paper ventilation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the effects of ventilation distribution on the releases of ketones in mainstream cigarette smoke, the releases of ketones in mainstream smoke were determined by GC-MS with two chromatography columns. The results showed that: 1) A total of 56 ketones were identified qualitatively and quantitatively. Among them, the releases of 27 ketones were more than 1 µ g/cig, and their releases accounted for more than 91% of the total release of all 56 ketones, which suggested that these 27 ketones were important in mainstream cigarette smoke. 2) Both filter ventilation rate and cigarette paper ventilation rate negatively correlated to the total release of ketones in mainstream cigarette smoke with coefficients of determination (R²) more than 0.98, and the effect of filter ventilation rate was greater than that of cigarette paper ventilation rate. 3) The ventilation rate of cigarette paper negatively correlated to the releases of 56 ketones and their total release. 4) At the same total ventilation rate of cigarette, the total release of ketones increased with the increase of cigarette filter ventilation rate, and the same total release of ketones could be achieved by different combinations of filter ventilation rate and cigarette paper ventilation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effect of different ventilation distribution on organic acid release from mainstream smoke of slim cigarette, the slim cigarette samples with different filter ventilation and cigarette paper air permeability were rolled, and the organic acid in mainstream smoke of samples were analyzed by GC-MS, the prediction models of organic acids release based on both filter and paper ventilation rate were established. The results were as follows: 26 kinds of organic acids were detected. With the increase of filter ventilation rate or paper ventilation rate, the decrease rate of organic acids with smaller molecular weight was higher, while that with larger molecular weight was smaller, and the effect of paper ventilation rate on the release of organic acids in cigarette smoke was greater than that of filter ventilation rate. When the total ventilation rate (V) was constant, the release of organic acids in cigarette smoke with high filter ventilation rate and low paper ventilation rate was higher than that with low filter ventilation rate and high paper ventilation rate. The prediction accuracy of the model of organic acid release was high, and the results further proved that the cigarette organic acid release was higher with the combination of high filter ventilation rate and low paper ventilation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the resistance to sulfate attack of poured cement mortar for the semi-flexible pavement,the effect of water-binder ratio,sand-binder ratio,fly ash content,silica fume content and superplasticizer dosage on the coefficient of flexural and coefficient of pressure were studied by the wetting-drying test. The results showed that the effect of 5% sodium sulfate solution on compressive strength is greater than that of flexural strength; the coefficient of flexural had a maximum at 40 cycles of wetting and drying cycles; the coefficient of pressure starts to be less than 1 at 30 cycles of wetting and drying cycles,which illustrates the ability to resist sulfate erosion began to decline; The better dosage of cement mortar against sulfate attack is:water-binder ratio 0.5,sand-binder ratio 0.2,fly ash content 20%~25%,silica fume content 2.0%~2.5%, superplasticizer dosage 0.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the effects of ozone stress on photosynthesis, dry matter production, non-structural carbohydrate and yield formation of rice, a free air ozone concentration enrichment (FACE) experiment was conducted. A super hybrid rice cultivar Ⅱ-you 084 with 3 spacing levels, low plant density (LD, 16 hills per m2), medium (MD, 24 hills per m2) and high plant density (HD, 32 hills per m-2), was grown in the field at current and elevated ozone concentrations (current×1.5). The results were as follows: Elevated ozone significantly reduced leaf SPAD value of Ⅱ-you 084 by 6%, 11% and 13%, at 63, 77, and 86 days after transplanting, respectively. The declines in leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate at filling stage increased significantly on ozone stress over time. Ozone stress decreased dry matter production of rice by 46% from heading stage to plant maturity, thus reduced biomass yield by 25%. Elevated ozone decreased the concentration and accumulation of soluble carbohydrate and starch in stem of Ⅱ-you 084 at jointing, heading and plant maturity, but significantly increased the dry matter transportation rate. No significant interaction was observed between ozone and planting density for photosynthesis, dry matter production and non-structural carbohydrate of rice. The above results indicated that elevated ozone reduced photosynthesis and growth of rice Ⅱ-you 084 at late growth stage, which had no relationship with planting density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic frequency of existing masonry structures is a key indicator of their safety, but its measured values are of high diversity and inadequate to make convincing estimation. To address the issue, the basic frequency was taken as an uncertain variable and inferred using statistical methods. The basic frequencies of masonry specimens were measured through ambient vibration tests and forced vibration tests. A Bayesian inference for the basic frequencies was applied through a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling method. Random information in the measured frequency samples was integrated with the prior judgments, and then the posterior probability distributions of the frequencies were established. Estimations on the basic frequencies were made based on the posterior distributions. The proposed method is demonstrated to be robust for limited and noisy measured basic frequencies, and will readily lead to stable and appropriate posterior probability distributions, which are strong bases for frequency estimation. Feasibility of the proposed method was illustrated through the frequency monitoring for a masonry building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To investigate the education effect of case-based learning (CBL) pattern on clinical internship of conservative dentistry and endodontics. METHODS: Forty-one undergraduates were randomly assigned into CBL group and traditional teaching group. After clinical internship in the department of conservative dentistry and endodontics for 11 weeks, each student in the 2 groups underwent comprehensive examinations including medical record writing, case analysis, academic knowledge, professional skills and the ability of winning the trust of the patients. The scores were compared between the 2 groups using SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the 2 groups with regard to the scores of academic knowledge and profession skills (P>0.05). However, the results of medical record writing, case analysis and the ability of winning the trust of the patients showed significant difference between the 2 groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Proper application of CBL in clinical internship of conservative dentistry and endodontics contributes to improve students' ability of clinical thinking, synthetical analysis and adaptability to different patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the incidence of maternal group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonization and neonatal early-onset GBS disease (GBS-EOD), and to study the factors associated with the development of GBS-EOD in the offspring of pregnant women with GBS colonization., Methods: A total of 16 384 pregnant women and 16 634 neonates delivered by them were enrolled prospectively who had medical records in Xiamen Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Capital Medical University, and Zhangzhou Zhengxing Hospital from May 1, 2019 to April 30, 2020. Unified GBS screening time, culture method, and indication for intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) were adopted in the three hospitals. The incidence rates of maternal GBS colonization and neonatal GBS-EOD were investigated. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with the development of GBS-EOD in the offspring of pregnant women with GBS colonization., Results: In these three hospitals, the positive rate of GBS culture among the pregnant women in late pregnancy was 11.29% (1 850/16 384), and the incidence rate of neonatal GBS-EOD was 0.96‰ (16/16 634). The admission rate of live infants born to the GBS-positive pregnant women was higher than that of those born to the GBS-negative ones ( P <0.05). The live infants born to the GBS-positive pregnant women had a higher incidence rate of GBS-EOD than those born to the GBS-negative ones [6.38‰ (12/1 881) vs 0.27‰ (4/14 725), P <0.05]. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that placental swabs positive for GBS and positive GBS in neonatal gastric juice at birth were independent predictive factors for the development of GBS-EOD ( P <0.05), while adequate IAP was a protective factor ( P <0.05) in the offspring of pregnant women with GBS colonization., Conclusions: GBS colonization of pregnant women in late pregnancy has adverse effects on their offspring. It is important to determine prenatal GBS colonization status of pregnant women and administer with adequate IAP based on the indications of IAP to reduce the incidence of neonatal GBS-EOD. Citation .