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The standard of weights and measures of medicines in the Han Dynasty has always been an important topic in the study of the ancient Chinese medical history. However, the difference of titles and systems of measurement units recorded in different literature are quite diverse and short of material evidences for a long time, leading to a long debate on the research of ancient measuring system of medicines. The titles in the newly announcing inscriptions of a series of the measuring system of dosages of Eastern Han Dynasty, carried on the 4 containers are ge, yue, cuo and dao gui, confirming the measuring system of the Han Dynasty for the first time. Through actual measurement, the numerical values of ge, yue, cuo, dao gui are 20ml, 10ml, 2ml, and 0.5 ml respectively, and the calculating equation are: 1 ge = 2 yue, 1 yue = 5 cuo, 1 cuo = 4 dao gui . These values were basically the same as the official measuring containers of the Han Dynasty, demonstrating that the official weights and measures system for medicines was adopted by the Eastern Han Dynasty. The appearance of the new measuring tool, fang cun bi (square-inch-spoon), reveals its actual morphology which is frequently mentioned in the Han-Tang's classical recipes yet unable to witness this actual object. This measuring system is significant to the studies of ancient weights and measures of medicines.

Qiushi is a kind of elixir or medicine. This article examines the books which recorded the formulas for preparing Qiushi. It is found that Liang Fang (Valuable Prescriptions) written by Shen Kuo and Zheng Lei Ben Cao (recognized pharmacopoeia) written by Tang Shengwei recorded the first three formulas. Shen kuo, who recorded two kinds of methods to prepare Qiushi, was neglected by other medical books. The aim of the method to prepare Renzhongbai (natural sediment of urine) was actually to prepare Qiushi.

Pharmaceutical standard system which belongs to an important part of national drug policies is an inevitable result of the development of pharmacy. There was a long standing of pharmaceutical standard system in China whose germination could be traced back to Qin and Han dynasties, and it had laid a solid foundation for the establishment and improvement of modern pharmaceutical standard system by continual accumulation from the past dynasties. Since the founding of new China, distinguished achievements had been obtained on pharmaceutical standardization working,and currently it is in a new developing stage. There was a brief description in this paper on the development history of pharmaceutical standard system in China.

Knockout drops ("menghanyao" in Chinese) is named as one of riddles in the cultural history of China. Why its is named as "menghan" has been interpreted from the viewpoint of phonology by many former solons. A new opinion is put forward from the viewpoint of pharmacology and physiology in this paper, in which a historical fact is concerned that mandala is the essential component in knockout drug. The function of sweat gland is inhibited with sweat retained inside the human body after knockout drops are taken. "Menghan" just describes the above physiological phenomenon.

There are 2 extant editions of SESR, written in Chunyou Jiachen (1244) reign. In the facsimile copy of Song manuscript recorded in Kojima's Records of Investigating Ancient Classics which was brought by Yang Shoujing and is now collected in the Library of Palace Museum in Taipei. There is also a facsimile copy of Song dynasty postscribed by Taki Genkan now collected in Library of Relics and Naturalist Academy of National Imperial Secretariat in Japan. The book is written in one volume, dealing first with four diagnostic methods, followed by drug and therapy and compounding of recipes and "processing" of drugs, thus forming a complete system. The WSR included in Classified Collection of Recipes is not the Essay on Pulsology, neither WANG Shou's Simple Recipes, but Yi jian gui yi (Unity of Simplicity and Easiness) by XU Ruoxu of Yuzhang, Jiangxi of Yuan dynasty, being an epitomized work of all physicians of Yongjia medical schools with only 3 pieces of incomplete papers remained.

By Cmnn, it refers to an idea that a matter can possess the nature of another matter completely irrelevant to the former one. This idea consistently played an important role in the pursuing of selection of longevity medicines in ancient time. Through this idea, the alchemists connected the life activity of the human body to the natural materials like gold and cinnabar to reinforce their belief of longevity.

Tobacco was introduced into China at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. At first, people thought that smoking could cure a lot of diseases, and could do good to people's health. However, Chinese doctors discovered that smoking would do great harm to people's health through animal experiments and clinical observation. They found that the poisonous materials in smoking include virulent fire - evil, tar, and some other invisible materials harmful to spirit of the body. Doctors also discovered that smoking had a great effect on people's lungs, causing damage to multiple organs and eventually death. Hence, trading on tobacco was banned officially in the Ming dynasty. Propaganda movements against smoking during the Qing Dynasty were gradually developed among the people.

The entry of "Jin Shuo Yin Kai" included in volume 7 of Ben Cao Gang Mu Shi Yi refers to Adiantum flabellulatum L. Fagopyrum cymesum Meisn, and polygenum penfoliatum L. respectively.

There used to be confusion since ancient time on both zhen zhus. They are two different materials, different from their original materials, nomenclature and dates of their medicinal application. Based on ancient formularies, the two "zhen zhu" were confusedly used to a great extent. The causes of such confusion lie on their exactly identical Chinese pronunciation and the evolution of the Chinese writing characters; both also share some similar functions; and the confusion as recorded by herbological works of successive ages. There are also such confusion in modern books of pharmacy. Points for differentiation of both and conclusion are given here.

This paper gives a general introduction to the studies on the formulation and invention of anti-tumor remedies from 1950s-1980s. Beginning from 50s, antitumor antibiotics were investigated. New alkylicompoun and antibiotics were found in the 60s, while more new natural compounds were found in the 70s. Researches were proceeded in the 80s based on the former achievements. Through the process of about 30 years, nearly 80 new species were produced, many anti-tumor pharmaceutical corporations established, and a contigent of high level research workers was formed. However, there still exist a rather large gap between the urgent clinical needs for clinical chemotherapeutics and the actual status. Based on some 30 years of experience in China, the following points were summarized, i.e., shifting from merely imitation to invention, developing the spirit of massive cooperation, investigating the thesaurus of TCM, developing China's plant resources, and traditional Chinese preventive idea, so that the stress point for research be laid on the invention of preventive anti-tumor remedies.

Among the issues of medical exchanges, medicaments are more often encountered than medical issues, based on ancient Chinese literatures, early in the Han-Jin Dynasties, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei had exchanges with China, also in Sui-Tang Dynasties. In the Song-Yuan Dynasties, ancient Singapore and the Philippines also incorporated in exchanges of medicament and goods. In the Ming-Qing dynasties, these 6 Asian countries had even more close contact with China, especially in trades and medical exchanges among the masses, carried out in a large scale thus, promoting the advent and development of TCM in Asiana Regions.

The historical archives and records and the existed Bian Que's tombs and temples in over a dozen of locations, including Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, have aroused controversies as to which is the authentic one. So far, no conclusion can be drawn. By combining the burial and offering customs and rituals at the end of Spring-Autumn period, analyses are made on Bian Que's tombs, temples, former residence, Bian Que Village, Bian Que town, historical remains of Prince Guo and legends on location of Bian Que's activity for making immortal pills etc., it is claimed by the authors that, besides a few places related to Bian Que's life, all the others are tombs and temples built by local people where Bian Que's visited for his memory, and his merits, reflecting the historical facts about Bian Que's activities. All these historical and cultural remains are precious evidences for the historic appraisal of Bian Que by modern scholars.

This subject is investigated through three aspects, viz., definition of drinking disease, its manifestations and treatment, and recipes and drug for antidrinking. The term "drinking disease" (Jiu Bing) was first recorded in Wang Shuhe's Canon of Pulsology, while abnormal drinking (Jiu Bo) was mentioned in Miraculous Pivot (Ling Shu). On Pathogenesis Manifestation of all diseases (Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun) gives the pathology and etiology. Great influence was exerted from Jin-yuan dynasties concerning its treatment. Zhang Jiebin expounded the comatous syndrome due to drinking (Jiu Jue). The earliest antidrinking drug was recorded in Shen Nong's Classic of Herbology. Through investigation, the commonly applied drug for relieving drunk include Flos Puerariae, Fructus Hovenariae, while the famous recipe for relieving drunk is Anti-tipsy Decoction of Flos Puerariae.