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In order to explore the effects of different drying methods on the properties of sour cassava starch (SCS), which were processed from cassava starch by lactobacillus fermentation, and then dried under five drying methods including hot air drying (HA), heat pump drying (HP), vacuum freeze drying (VF), spray drying (SD) and sun-drying (S). The properties of SCS were determined, and the comprehensive score was evaluated by coefficient of variation method. The results showed that the SCS processed by HA, with the highest span value of 2.36, had the lowest clarity, blue number and oil retention of 21.57%, 8.96 and 1.74 g/g, respectively. The SCS dried by HP had the lowest specific area of 351.83 m2/kg, had the highest bulk density, water separation and retrogradation of 0.87 g/m, 33.02% and 74.89%, respectively. The product dried by VF, with the lowest bulk density, repose angle and water separation of 0.73 g/mL, 37.49° and 4.64%, respectively, with the highest clarity. Blue number and water-holding ability of 27.03%, 19.64 and 1.43 g/g, respectively, as well as the highest solubility. The SCS processed by SD had the highest specific area, repose angle and oil retention of 407.43 m2/kg, 54.11° and 2.33 g/g, respectively. However, it had the lowest retrogradation of 67.00%. The SCS dried by S, with the lowest span value and water-holding ability of 1.73 and 1.08 g/g. Comprehensive score results indicated that the SCS dried by VF, SD, S, HA and HP, with the comprehensive score of 0.60, 0.38, 0.18, −0.50 and −0.64, respectively. In summary, the best properties of SCS products could be obtained by VF, followed by SD, and then by S, HA and HP were the worst.

Cassava is a kind of crop with extreme barren tolerance, strong stress resistance and rich starch. In our country, cassava has long been used as a non-food energy crop to produce starch, alcohol and feed. In recent years, the development of breeding, popularization and deep-processing technology of the edible cassava have greatly expanded the development space of cassava in the food industry. Firstly, the varieties and nutritional value of the edibble cassava are introduced in this article, and then the present research and application situation of the edibble cassava in food industry field are summarized, from three aspects: Fresh edibble cassava, edible cassava whole flour and starch, and modified starch. On this basis, the developmental advantage and the problems of the edible cassava are analyzed, the development prospect of the edible cassava in food industry are forecasted, such as variety breeding, storage and preservation technologies, processing technologies and product development, in order to offer some references for our country's edible cassava industrial in the future.

This paper studied the effects of debagging time and picking off leaves around fruits on the fruit quality and 1-year old shoots stored nutrition of "Red Fuji" apple. Properly advancing debagging time significantly increased the mean mass, anthocyanin content, and coloration area of the fruits ( P<0. 05). Comparing with those of the fruits debagged on September 30 , the mean mass, anthocyanin content, and coloration area of the fruits debagged on September 24 increased by 10. 98% , 28. 15% , and 13. 44% , respectively, and the fruit firmness, soluble solid content, and titratable acidity had less differences. When the leaves within 15 , 30, and 45 cm away from the fruits were wholly picked off, the light environment around the fruits improved significantly ( P < 0. 01) , with the light intensity increased by 70% , 95% , and 115% , respectively, compared with no leaf picked off treatment. Picking off the leaves within 30-45 cm away from the fruits benefited the fruit coloration and anthocyanin accumulation. No significant effects were observed on the 1-year old shoots stored nutrition and their budding in next year among the treatments of picking off leaves. Advancing debagging time and picking off the leaves within 30-45 cm away from the fruits could improve fruit appearance and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-healing coatings mainly include externally assisted self-healing coatings based on the addition of repair agent and intrinsic selfhealing coatings based on reversible bond crosslinking polymers.The intrinsic self-healing coatings have attracted extensive attention due to their multiple repairable properties.In this paper，the self-healing technology based on crosslinking polymers containing reversible covalent bonds such as reversible imine bond，reversible disulfide bond，reversible Diels-Alder reaction and reversible urea bond，as well as the selfhealing mechanism，performance characteristics and difficulties of supramolecular crosslinked polymers based on reversible non-covalent bonds such as hydrogen bond，metal-ligand coordination bond and π - π stacking were discussed in detail.Besides，the application of self-healing technology based on reversible crosslinking polymers in coatings was also discussed.

The HDR ultra - low carbon duplex stainless steel forked joint could crack and fail during wire cutting and machining. In this paper, the causes of the above - mentioned cracking were comprehensively analyzed by means of crack macroscopic morphology analysis, analysis on the fracture of impact test sample, chemical composition analysis of substrate, mechanical property testing of cracked area, metallographic structure analysis, fracture microscopic morphology analysis, micro - area energy spectrum analysis and other items. Results showed that the reason for the cracking of HDR forked joint was that the cooling speed of HDR material was too low in the process of solution heat treatment, so a large number of σ phases precipitated at the grain boundaries in the microstructure. The σ phases were brittle, which made the HDR material suffer a sharp decrease in plasticity and toughness, and then cracked in the process of wire cutting and machining.

Based on the condition of No. 1-2 coal seam of Shendong minging area Shangwan Coal Mine, the caving characteristics, the fracture position and caving zone and fracture zone "two belts" height of the 5.5 m large mining height workface's roof were studied by similar simulation test, with geometric similarity ratio 1 : 50. The results show that the immediate roof eaves stratified to loose blocks, and the goal can not be full of these loose blocks; because of the increasing of mining height at one time, and the original immediate roof is far from full of goal, the lower basic roof can not form hinge structure after it collapse, and the increasing of mining height evolves into the increasing of immidiate roof; before periodic weighting, fracture position of roof usually advance beyond working face 7.65 m; the height of two belts presents step increasing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibodies-associated paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy (PPN) is a poorly understood disease due to its rarity. This study aimed to summarize the clinical manifestations, electrophysiological and pathological characteristics of anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibodies-associated PPN and reviewed related literatures, so as to improve the understandings on this disease. Methods The clinical data of 2 patients with anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibodies-associated PPN were retrospectively reviewed, including their clinical manifestations, electrophysiological and pathological characteristics, treatment and follow-up. Results Case 1 was a 52-year-old woman who initially presented with a 3-year history of slowly progressive numbness of limbs, which presented from right leg and gradually spread to her left arm and right ring finger and little finger. Then she suffered from weakness of left leg, weakened muscle strength of left hand and had difficultly in lifting left arm. Serum anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibodies were weakly positive, and anti-Hu, Yo, Ri, amphiphysin antibodies were negative. EMG showed peripheral neurogenic damage. Nerve tissue biopsy showed chronic severe active axonal peripheral neuropathy. There was no improvement after two courses of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and then she received steroid pulse treatment and sequential therapy. The symptom was still not improved 2 months after discharge, and oral azathioprine was added. Follow-up in one year, the numbness and weakness were improved. Case 2 was an 18-year-old man who presented with one-month history of limbs weakness with fluctuating symptoms and positive results of fatigue test. Serum anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibodies were positive. Acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AchR-Ab) was 27.47 nmol/L, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein was 1360 mg/L. EMG showed symmetrical involvement of sensorimotor nerves of all limbs, mainly demyelination. Repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) showed low-frequency amplitude decreased progressively. Needle biopsy of thymus showed type B3 thymoma. The patient was diagnosed as myasthenia gravis (MS), peripheral neuropathy and type B3 thymoma. He was treated by IVIg, oral pyridostigmine bromide and chemotherapy. EMG 10 months after discharge showed worsened neurogenic damage of four limbs. Serum anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibodies were still positive. Conclusions Anti-CV2/CRMP5 antibodies-associated paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy patients can present a symmetric or asymmetric sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy with either axonal or demyelinating damage. Immunotherapy maybe effective.

Objective To study the clinical features and gene mutations of early-onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE) and to explore the application in pathogenic diagnosis of EOEE by next generation sequencing. Methods The clinical data of 68 cases diagnosed with unexplained EOEE between June 2014 and December 2017 were obtained and analyzed. Specimens were collected from the selected children and their parents. Next generation sequencing was used to detect epilepsy ? related genes, and Sanger sequencing was performed to verify the results and confirm the source of parents, further to identify suspected pathogenic mutations of EOEE. Results Among 68 cases with EOEE, 18 cases (26.47%) were detected with epilepsy?related genes. One was diagnosed as pyridoxine dependent epilepsy (PDE), which was caused by ALDH7A1 mutation. One was diagnosed as thiamine metabolism dysfunction syndrome 2 (THMD2), which was caused by SLC19A3 mutation. Among 13 cases of epilepsy syndrome, 6 cases were diagnosed as Dravet's syndrome (DS), 5 caused by SCN1A missense mutation and one by SCN1A nonsense mutation; 4 cases were diagnosed as infantile spasm (IS), one caused by TSC1 nonsense mutation but the pathogenicity can not be identified while pathogenic mutations were not detected in other 3 cases; 2 cases were diagnosed as Ohtahara's syndrome (OS), one caused by STXBP1 missense mutation and pathogenic mutation was not found in the other; one case of malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy (MMPEI) was not found the pathogenic mutations. Among 53 cases with non-specific EOEE, suspected pathogenic mutations were detected in 9 cases: one case of CN8A missense mutation, one case of KCNQ2 missense mutation, one case of KCNH5 missense mutation, one case of CACNA1A missense mutation, 2 cases of CDKL5 nonsense mutation, one case of CDKL5 frame-shift mutation, one case of PCDH19 nonsense mutation and one case of GRIN2A missense mutation. All cases were treated by 2 and more antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), one case of PDE was given vitamin B6 20 mg/(kg·d), and one case of THMD2 was given vitamin B1 25 mg/(kg·d) and biotin 2 mg/(kg·d). After followed by 6 months to 8 years, 15 cases (22.06%) were seizure free, 21 cases (30.88% ) were part of control and 32 cases (47.06% ) were out of control. Conclusions The clinical phenotypes of children with unexplained EOEE are varied. One case was diagnosed as PDE and one as THMD2 after gene sequencing. After treated by etiological treatment, patients with remediable genetic disease were seizure free. Some gene sites were denovo mutations which have not been reported such as missense mutation for SCN1A, STXBP1, KCNH5, CACNA1A, frame-shift mutation for CDKL5, and onsense mutation for PCDH19, which enriched the mutation spectrum of EOEE. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.06.008

A 50-year-old female was admitted to our department, complaining of progressive numbness of distal limbs for two years and unsteady gait for two months. “Peripheral neuropathy” was the presumed diagnosis. She has suffered dry mouth for months. Neurological examination revealed proximal upper muscle strength was normal and distal was 5-/5 while muscle strength in lower limbs was normal. Tendon reflexes in all limbs were reduced, and superficial sensation as well as deep sensation in all limbs was also diminished. Deep sensation below T8-10 was diminished. Romberg’s test was positive with negative pathological reflex. Several sensory nerves action potentials (SNAPs) were diminished or absent with normal compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs). Cervical MRI showed hyperintensities in the dorsal column. Serum anti-Ro/SSA antibody was positive. Tear break-up time was abnormal in either eye (5s, normal range>10s); the rate of saliva production declined 0.02 ml/min (> 1.50 ml/15 min); parotid gland contrast sialography was abnormal; lip biopsy was positive with focal lymphocytic sialadenitis with focus score ≥1. The patient was diagnosed as primary Sjogren's syndrome and sensory neuronopathy. She received oral prednisone in dose of 1mg/(kg·d) for four weeks, then reduce the dosage with 5mg/w to 0.50mg/ (kg·d). Later she reduced the dosage with 2.5mg/per week. At the same time, she got cyclophosphamide (100mg every other day) and hydroxychloroquine (0.20g twice a day). Numbness of limbs and unsteady gait were improved when the patient was discharged. Two month later, during the follow-up, the patient’ gait was slightly improved, but the numbness still existed. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.11.016

Adsorption capacity of acetone and acetone-butanone mixture onto honeycomb ZSM-5 molecular sieve was measured in this paper, and the influences of relative humidity, initial adsorbate concentration and airflow velocity on the adsorption process were investigated. Besides, adsorption performance parameters were calculated by Wheeler's equation. The results showed that relative humidity had no obvious influence on the acetone adsorption performance, which suggests that this material has good hydrophobic ability; in the low concentration range, the dynamic saturated adsorption capacity of acetone increased with the increase of initial concentration, but in the occasion of high concentration of acetone gas (more than 9 mg x L(-1)), the dynamic saturated adsorption capacity maintained at a certain level and did not vary with the increase of initial concentration; the increase of air flow velocity resulted in significant increase of acetone adsorption rate constant, at the same time the critical layer thickness of the adsorbent bed also increased significantly. In the cases of acetone-butanone mixture, the adsorption capacity of butanone onto ZSM-5 was clearly higher than that of acetone.

Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of dehydroepaimdrosterone (DHEA) on the growth of transplanted Morris hepatomas (7288CTC) in vivo in rats., Methods: 21 Buffalo rats were randomly devided into 4 groups, including one blank control group (n = 5), one group for tumor-bearing control (n = 6), and 2 experimental groups with DHEA (n = 6) or DHEA-s (n = 4). DHEA or DHEA-s was fed to the rats for 4 weeks immediately after Morris hepatomas (7288CTC) was implanted in both flanks. Phenotypes of the spleen lymphocytes were examined by flow cytometry, Akt and PTEN expression in tumor cells was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry., Results: Tumor weights of DHEA treated group were less than those of the control (P less than 0.05), the inhibitory rate was 43%. The results of Western blot and immunohistochemistry showed that in DHEA tumor group,the expression of phosphorilated Akt protein was decreased, the expression of PTEN was enhanced, the percentage of CD3 positive cells and the ratio of CD4/CD8 were increased (P less than 0.05)., Conclusion: DHEA can inhibit tumor growth, possibly via the inhibition of the Akt signaling pathway as well as modulating the immune function.

Objective: To evaluate the anti-proliferation effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEAéand DHEA sulfate (DHEAs) on tumor cells., Methods: Human hepatoblastoma cells (HepG2) and colon adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29) were treated with DHEA and DHEAs of various concentrations. The cells were incubated for 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours, and the proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and the expression of phosphorylated Akt (Thr308 and Ser473) were analyzed using MTT assay, flow cytometry, and Western blotting at different time points. The influences of an inhibitor (LY294002) and an activator (hepatic growth factor; HGF) of PI3K on the effectiveness of DHEA were determined in HepG2 cells., Results: By increasing the concentrations of DHEA (1, 10, 50, 100, 200 micromol/L), the percentages of HepG2 and HT-29 survival cells treated with DHEA at 24 h were 92.7%+/-0.9%, 84.7%+/-1.2%, 62.4%+/-0.8%, 49.5%+/-0.8%, 50.7%+/-0.3% and 92.5%+/-0.4%, 89.5%+/-0.7%, 80.5%+/-1.1%, 67.5%+/-1.5%, 70.6%+/-0.6%, respectively. Proliferations of HepG2 and HT-29 cells were significantly inhibited after 24 hours of being incubated with 100 micromol/L DHEA treatment; the inhibition effect was stronger on HepG2 cells than on HT-29 cells. The effect of DHEAs on both cell lines on cell proliferation was weaker than that of the DHEA. In the cell cycle assay, DHEA treatment induced cell arrest in G0/G1 phase in both cell lines. Apoptosis of HepG2 cells was significantly triggered (18.6%+/-2.2%) by 100 micromol/L DHEA treatment for 24 hours, but not by DHEAs. In addition, 100 and 200 micromol/L DHEA treatments for 24 hours markedly inhibited phosphorylations of Akt (Thr308 and Ser473) in HepG2 cells, and these effects were enhanced by exposing them to LY294002 and stopped by exposing them to HGF. The anti-proliferative effects of DHEA on tumor cell lines were much stronger than those of DHEAs, and they were even stronger in HepG2 cells than in HT-29 cells., Conclusion: Our results suggest that the induction of apoptosis through the inhibition of Akt signaling pathway is one of the anti-proliferative mechanisms of DHEA in certain tumors, but DHEA also promotes cell-cycle arrest.

Objective: To develop a public health index related to the comprehensive assessment on the impact caused by floods., Methods: A Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) theory was used to establish the initial evaluation system on the impact of floods. Modified-Delphi process was used to screen and determine the indicators and their weights while synthetical scored method was used to establish the comprehensive assessment model. Percentile was used to differentiate the degree of floods. Finally, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis were used to test the differentiability of the model for different degree of floods and the independence of these indicators., Results: The model of comprehensive assessment on the impact of floods was set up, including six first-ranking indicators and twenty-four sub-indicators. The values of comprehensive assessment were divided into five grades by the percentiles. Verified results indicated that there were significant difference among the five grades (F = 76.11, P < 0.01) and all indicators were independent., Conclusion: An index of comprehensive assessment on the impact of floods was established, which could be used to evaluate the impact of floods and to differentiate the degree of flood, which seemed to have the characteristic of reliability, comprehensiveness and practicability.