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Objective: To investigate the nutritional content of edible medicinal materials in mountainous areas of Guizhou Province and compare the comprehensive nutritional value of different varieties., Methods: A total of 15 kinds of edible herbs were collected from Guizhou Province. According to the national standard, direct drying method, Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, Soxhlet extraction method, high performance liquid chromatography, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and other detection method were used to determine the content of general nutrients, fat soluble vitamins, minerals and ash. According to the weight ranking of nutritional indexes in principal component analysis and membership function analysis, the quality of 9 kinds of food and drug substances and 6 kinds of Chinese medicinal materials were evaluated and ranked., Results: The eigenvalues of the first 4 principal components were greater than 1, and the cumulative contribution rate was 82.32%. Compared with membership function analysis, the top 5 in comprehensive evaluation were Eucommia, Epimedium and honeysuckle, all of which were food and drug substances. The contents of calcium(851.69 mg/100 g), phosphorus(270.22 mg/100 g) and potassium(1446.48 mg/100 g) were the highest. The contents of carotene(21 963.87 μg/100 g) and vitamin E(57.82 mg/100 g) were the highest in the fat-soluble vitamins of Herbimedium. The contents of various indexes of honeysuckle were relatively high., Conclusion: Food and pharmaceutical substances have both medicinal value and nutritional value, and the overall nutritional benefit is higher than that of Chinese medicinal materials.

With the improvement of living standard,the theory of " medicine and food homology" has developed rapidly in the field of diet,medicine and health preservation. In recent years,many literatures have been reported on the active ingredients and pharmacological effects of medicinal and edible plants,but relatively few reports have been reported on their safety investigation. Therefore,to further evaluate the quality and safety of medicinal and edible plants,Astragali Radix,Codonopsis Radix and Laminariae Thallus were selected as our research objects in this study. Moreover,the pollution level and the potential health risk of heavy metals were deeply assessed in different types of medicinal and edible plants. Especially,the contents of chromium,copper,arsenic,cadmium,mercury and lead in these three herbs were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( ICP-MS),and their health risk level was evaluated by target hazard coefficient method. The results showed that under the international heavy metal limit standard( ISO 18664-2015,GB 2762-2017),the over-standard rates were 25%,77% and 100% in 16 batches of Astragali Radix,26 batches of Codonopsis Radix and 9 batches of Laminariae Thallus,respectively. Besides,the values of target hazard quotients( THQ) for adults and children are 0. 028 244,0. 063 505 and 0. 014 485,0. 032 568 in Astragalus membranaceus and Codonopsis pilosula,respectively,which were higher than the standard values of 0. 02 and 0. 011 25. While,the total heavy metals THQ values for adults and children are 0. 023 734 and 0. 020 287 in Laminariae Thallus,which were much higher than the standard values of 0. 008 0 and 0. 007 5. However,the CR values of As,Cd and Pb in the three herbs were lower than 1×10~(-6). Above results indicated that those six harmful elements have certain health hazards to the exposed population,but there is no potential carcinogenic effect. It can be seen that,there were still presence of the pollution of harmful elements,and it is necessary to establish the reasonable limit standards and quality control methods of medicinal and edible plants in time.

Rosa roxburghii, a kind of the medical and edible plants belonging to the Rosaceae family, is widely distributed in the southwest districts of China, especially Guizhou province. Now, by reason of the extensive bioactivities, the plant is widely used in the field of food, health product, drug, and so on. In the course of our continuing search for the bioactive constituents, thirteen compounds were isolated from R. roxburghii, and their structures were determined on the basis of physicochemical property, spectroscopic data and comparison with the literatures, as 2-oxo pomolic acid(1), 1β-hydroxyeuscaphic acid(2), euscaphic acid(3), arjunic acid(4), tormentic acid(5), kaiiichigeside F1(6), rosamultin(7), arjunetin(8), 2ɑ, 3ɑ, 19ɑ-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9), 2α, 3α, 19α, 24-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic-acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(10), pyrogallic acid (11), daucosterol(12), and 1, 2-decanediol(13). Compounds 9 and 10 were firstly obtained from Rosaceae family, and compounds 1,4,5,9-11,13 were isolated from this plant for the first time., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Zanthoxylum schinifolium for finding the difference., Methods: Samples were extracted with 50% methanol 25 mL by ultrasonic wave and then separated on Hypersil BDS C18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) column. Gradient elution was carried out with a mobile phase of methanol-water. The detection wavelength was 268 nm, the column temperature was set at 35 degrees C, the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and the analytic time was 130 min. The software "Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCMs" (Version 2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and carry out the similarity analysis of the samples. SPSS 17.0 was employed to carry out the cluster analysis., Results: Similarity of Z. bungeanum was 0.909 - 0.992 and that of Z. schinifolium was 0.930 - 0.999. There were 27 common peaks in HPLC Fingerprints of Z. bungeanum and 24 in that of Z. schinifolium. Their HPLC standard fingerprints were obvious difference. They belonged to different categories in cluster analysis., Conclusion: The method is simple, accurate and rapid. It could obviously distinguish Z. bungeanum from Z. schinifolium. So it suggests that HPLC fingerprints should be one of the quality control indexes of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium.

Objective: To determine the 6 residues including organophosphorus, organochlorinated and pyrethroid pesticides simultaneously in crude yam slices, yam slices stir-fried with bran and sulfur fumigation yam., Methods: The compounds were ready for GC-MS analysis after being extracted with acetonitrile and purified. Determinations were performed with selected ion monitoring mode and external standard method was adopted in the quantificaticon., Results: The contents of 6 kinds pesticides residue had good linear correlation with the peak area in the rang of 0.01-0.5 microg/mL. The average recoveries of 6 kinds pesticides residue were 87.5%-95.5%. The method detection limits ranged from 0.002-0.005 microg/g. Organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides were detected in the three samples except the parathion residue., Conclusion: Stir-fried with bran and sulphur fumigation had nearly no effects on the pesticides residue in yam. The method is sensitive and accurate and can be used in determination of multiresidual pesticides residue in yam.

Objective: To investigate purification process of total flavonoids from four-leaf diet decoction with macroreticular resin., Methods: By using the static absorption tests and dynamic absorption tests with different types of macroreticular resins, the better parameters were found and the orthogonal design were used in purified craft., Results: AB-8 resin showed the best absorption property with the following technological conditions: the ratio of resin (g) - extract (mL) is 1.2: 1, the ratio of column diameter to height was 1: 12, then washed with water to colorless, and the volume of 80% ethanol was 7 BV., Conclusion: The process is stable and the purity of total flavones is up to 85%.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents root of Hemerocallis citrina., Methods: The chemical constituents were extracted by microwave method and purified by silica gel column. Their structures were elucidated by their physical and chemical properties and spectral methods., Results: 7 compounds were isolated and identified as: chrysophanol(I), 2-methoxy-obtusifolin(II), obtusifolin (III), rhein (IV), aloe-emodin (V), hemerocallone ( VI) and hemerocallin (VII)., Conclusion: Compounds IV and VI are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous chemical element in environment, and the increasingly serious As pollution is highly concerned all over the world. China has been considered as one of the countries and regions with serious As pollution in the world by the World Health Organization (WHO). Recent studies indicated that food is one of the major contributors of As in human diets. Edible plants are essential in the diet structure in human life, which often contain high level of As. However, the total As in food can not exactly reflect the toxicity of As, while As speciation closely relates to the As bio-toxicity. Inorganic arsenic is verified as the carcinogen based on human epidemiological data. This paper reviewed the As species in edible plants, their bio-toxicity, and analytical methods.

The bioactive principles contained in blueberries (Vaccinium) are various kind of anthocyanins (anthocyanidins, or phenolic aglycone, conjugated with sugar), chlorogenic acid, flavonids, alpha-linolenic acid, pterostilbene, resveratrol, and vitamins. After oral administration, anthocyanins can pass through blood-brain barrier and thus appear in various organs and brain. Improve visual function by increasing rhodopsin regeneration and ocular health is the earliest reported bioactivities of anthocyanin. Recent studies demonstrated the benefit of blueberries to prevent the age-related chronic diseases such as cancer, diabeties, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, neurodegeneration, obesity, and osteoporosis through its apoptosis, antioxidant, antiinflammation, and antiangiogenesis effects. Blueberries can eradicate microorganisms for the prevention of symptomatic urinary tract infections in women. Thus, blueberries are recognized as one of the most nutritious foods and cultivated worldwide. However, how to prolong the shelving time of fresh fruit, well utilize the leaf and stem to isolate the bioactive chemicals, improve quality consistency of juicy and dry products, all should be further concerned.

Objective: To determine changes of content of Tannin in different Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Charcoal., Methods: The content of Tannin of Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Charcoal was detected by UV and colorimetric method., Results: The content of tannin in standard sample was the highest., Conclusion: It should be studied whether the tannin of Nodus Nelumbinis Rhizomatis Charcoal is the active ingredients of hemostasis.

Objective: To confirm the anti-cancer effect and mechanism of Wuxing soup., Methods: Inhibition of cellular growth under Wuxing soup treatment was observed by MTT; Apoptosis was detected by gel electrophoresis, transmission electron microscopy and FACS; The concentration of calcium was measured by fluorescence probe., Results: After SGC-7901 cell being treated by Wuxing soup, it showed that: 1) Wuxing soup could specifically inhibit cancer cells proliferation in a time and dose dependent manner; 2) Typical apoptotic morphological changes and DNA ladder of SGC-7901 cells were observed; 3) calcium inhibitor Bapta AM could reduce the apoptotic rate and protect SGC-7901 cells in a dose dependent manner., Conclusion: Wuxing soup has an effective inhibition on cancer cells, and can induce SGC-7901 cells to apoptosis by calcium.

Objective: To investigate the purification process of total flavones and total tannins from Apocynum venetum leaves with macroreticular resin., Method: The static capacity absorption, dynamic absorption ratio and dynamic elution ratio of different types of macroreticular resins were studied and compared in order to find the best one among the eight macroreticular resins, and the technical process of the type of HPD-400 type macroreticular resin was studied in detail., Result: The type of HPD-400 type macroreticular resin showed the best comprehensive absorption property with the following technological conditions: the current velocity was 1 BV x h(-1), the volume of distilled water was 2 BV, the eluting reagent was 60% ethanol, and the volume of 60% ethanol was 3 BV., Conclusion: The purity of total flavones and total tannins in the product is up to 80% after purified with HPD-400 macroreticular resin. Therefore, this purification process is feasible.

Objective: To study the extract process of Cyclic adenosinemonophosphate (cAMP) in Ziziphus jujuba., Methods: CAMP was extracted with water, separated and purificated by ion exchange and silica gel G column chromatography., Results: Thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the extracts and control cAMP showed the same Rf 0.75; The UV-absorption of the extracts and control cAMP had maximal absorb peak at 260 nm and the least absorb value at 230 nm; Infra-red spectrum of the extracts was indistinguishable from that of control cAMP; Retention time of the extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) determinate was 5.237 minute,unsettled impurity peak,content was 97%. Control cAMP was 5.350 minute,their retention time were of little difference., Conclusion: Chemistry structure of this extract with that of control cAMP is the same.

Objective: To compare the quality of cultivated Chinese yam (Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.) from Yunnan (Kunming yam) and Henan (Tiegum yam) by determining the content of dry substance in fresh sample and the contents of water extracts, ethanol extracts, starch, protein, crude-fat and polysaccharide in dry sample., Method: The above-mentioned indexes were determined by methods of air desiccation, cold-immersing, hot-immersing, iodine-blue coloration, half Micro-Kjeldahl, Soxhlet extraction and spectrophotometric method respectively., Result: In fresh sample, the content of dry substance of Kunming yam is a little lower than Tiegun yam; in dry sample, all indexes of Kunming yam are higher than or approach to those of Tiegun yam except the content of crude-fat. Especially the content of polysaccharide in Kunming yam is 64% higher than that of Tiegun yam., Conclusion: Kunming yam, with high quality, high yield and good taste, deserves paying close attention as a good variety.

Objective: To study the effect of anti-progression activity of edible plants using urokinase as the biomarker., Methods: Based on the assay of urokinase activity with peptide of Glu-Gly-Arg as the reaction substrate, extract of 25 fruits and 37 vegetables and water extract of tea were reacted against urokinase activity after Spectrozyme UK [carbobenzyl-1-gamma-Glu(alpha-t-BuO)-Gly-Arg-rho-nitroanilide. 2C2H5OH] was added and the residual urokinase activity was measured by the microplate photometer., Results: About half of the fruit and vegetable samples showed urokinase inhibitory activity (UIA) at 20% or more and among them lemon, kiwi-fruit, peas, spinach and pumpkin showed effects over 80%, while garlic, radish, Japanese butterbur, garland chrysanthemum, celery, plum, pineapple and grape ranged between 50% and 79%. Average UIA of 51 kinds of tea was 83.2% and among them 28 kinds showed UIA over 90% and other 20 kinds of tea ranged from 70% to 89%. Green tea showed inhibitory effects on urokinase activity more powerful than black tea and Oolong tea. On the other hand, vegetable showed various UIA with different ways of processing. Comparing the effects of various solvents, garlic extracted with methanol, spinach with ethyl acetate, and pumpkin and radish with water showed highest UIA., Conclusion: Popular fruits, vegetables and tea in daily life could inhibit urokinase activity and may be helpful in the prevention of malignant tumor formation.

Objective: To provide foundation for developing Gynostemma pentaphyllum with physic and edible use., Method: To plant the seven leaves with sweet taste of Enshi, Five leaves with honey taste of Enshi, Makino (picric taste) taste, in the same ecological environment in accordance with the require of mathematical statistics and give the same management, At the same time, sowing and reaping dry grass to do composition analysis;, Result: The ginseng total saponin, the total amino acid. VitE, VitB1, VitB2 of the two new variety are 33% and 34.3%, 11.8% and 4.7%, 76% and 45.8%, 46% and 76.1%, 41.2% and 25% higher than the raw variety of Gynostemma pentaphyllam Makino respectively. All of them achieve the remarkable standard. The total sugar of the two is 16.3% and 4.4% lower than the raw variety of G. pentaphyllum respectively., Conclusion: The two new variety is not only with the distinct flavor and good taste, but also has wider used domain More amount of utilization, Better medical treatment and health care than the raw variety of G. pentaphyllum. It is more worthful to develop in industry domain.

In this paper seven primary speciations of iron in three edible flowers, i.e. chrysanthemum, cottonrose hibiscus and honeysucker have been studied by atomic absorption spectrometry. Speciation parameters of iron such as extractive rate, residue rate, immerse-residue ratio in the samples were calculated. It was found that the first extractive rates of Fe were higher than the second ones in all three edible flowers, and the immerse-residue ratios of Fe were similar to the extractive rates. But the extraction of iron in all three edible flowers were no more than fifty percent. It is showed that the iron isn't easy to extract by water in the three edible flowers. The recovery was in the range of 96.5%-103.2% and RSD was in the range of 1.2%-3.1%. The results were satisfactory.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of Rhizome of D. persimilis Prain et Burk., Methods: Determined the contents of 6 qualitative indexes in samples of Rhizome of D. persimilis Prain et Burk that were cultivated in Yongning, Bobai, Beiliu, Guiping and Rongxian of Guangxi and in sample of Rhizome of Dioscorea opposita Thunb, that was cultivated in Wenxian, Henan province., Results: The contents of water in them (%): 15.39, 18.52, 15.41, 13.96, 15.48, 15.74; the contents of protein in them (%): 7.06, 8.45, 9.20, 9.67, 8.63, 9.79; the contents of starch in them (%): 84.51, 86.51, 82.72, 83.65, 84.19, 79.13; the contents of water extracts in them (%): 6.19, 6.98, 8.95, 7.41, 6.70, 9.40; 90% EtOH extracts in them (%): 2.00, 2.04, 2.68, 2.20, 2.11, 3.53; the contents of 18 kinds of amino acids in them (%): 5.23, 6.31, 6.22, 6.78, 6.59, 6.83., Conclusion: The quality of Rhizome of D. persimilis Prain et Burk cultivated in Guiping or Beiliu is beter than that of Rhizome of D. persimilis Prain et Burk cultivated in Yongning. The quality of Rhizome of D. persimilis Prain et Burk cultivated in Rongxian or Bobai are between those of Rhizome of D. persimilis Prain et Burk cultivated in Guiping or Beiliu and Rhizome of D. persimilis Prain et Burk cultivated in Yonging. The qualities of Rhizome of D. persimilis Prain et Burk cultivated in Guiping or Beiliu are similar to that of Yam.

A new sesquiterpenelactone compound was isolated along with the known anisatin and shikimic acid from pericarps of the fruit of Illicium simonsii Maxim., family Magnoliaceae, collected in Sichuan province. This new sesquiterpene lactone compound exhibited high toxicity in mice. The structure of which was elucidated as 2-oxo-6-deoxyneoanisatin (I) based on spectral evidences. The detailed physical and chemical data were presented.