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Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks is a rare type of primary headache， which is usually accompanied by ipsilateral conjunctival congestion and （or） lacrimation and other autonomic symptoms during episodes， and generally presents a chronic course. Most patients repeatedly seek medical attention due to ineffective diagnosis and treatment， causing great suffering and severely affecting their quality of life. Currently， in clinical practice， short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks has not been sufficiently recognized. Due to its rarity， there is a lack of related research in China， hence there is an urgent need to improve clinicians'awareness and diagnostic and treatment level to reduce the rate of misdiagnosis. This article reviews the research progress in the epidemiology， pathophysiological mechanisms， clinical characteristics， diagnosis and treatment of short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks， aiming to provide a more comprehensive reference for clinicians， thereby improving the effective diagnosis and treatment rate， helping patients to get rid of pain as soon as possible， and improving the quality of life. At the same time， it also calls for researchers at home and abroad to increase their research efforts on short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks to provide more theoretical basis for clinical treatment.

Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks is a rare type of primary headache, which is usually accompanied by ipsilateral conjunctival congestion and (or) lacrimation and other autonomic symptoms during episodes, and generally presents a chronic course. Most patients repeatedly seek medical attention due to ineffective diagnosis and treatment, causing great suffering and severely affecting their quality of life. Currently, in clinical practice, short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks has not been sufficiently recognized. Due to its rarity, there is a lack of related research in China, hence there is an urgent need to improve clinicians' awareness and diagnostic and treatment level to reduce the rate of misdiagnosis. This article reviews the research progress in the epidemiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of short- lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks, aiming to provide a more comprehensive reference for clinicians, thereby improving the effective diagnosis and treatment rate, helping patients to get rid of pain as soon as possible, and improving the quality of life. At the same time, it also calls for researchers at home and abroad to increase their research efforts on short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks to provide more theoretical basis for clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Headache stands out as one of the prevalent symptoms affecting the nervous system,significantly impacting the quality of life,particularly in elderly individuals.The recurrent nature of headaches poses a substantial challenge for the well-being of the elderly,and the management of head pain in this demographic requires a distinctive approach owing to their underlying health conditions and unique characteristics.This article endeavors to comprehensively review both primary and secondary headaches commonly observed in elderly patients.Additionally, it delves into the diagnostic methodologies and treatment strategies specific to this age group.The overarching objective is to establish a theoretical foundation for the secure,efficacious,and systematic diagnosis and management of headaches in the elderly,thus contributing to improved overall patient care.

Objective. To establish a decision-making model for primary headache based on Nomogram. Methods. Two hundred and ten patients with migraine or tension-type headache who visited the Department of Neurology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between October 2019 to December 2020 were studied retrospectively. Among them, 152 patients who visited the hospital from October 2019 to August 2020 were served as the modeling group. Fifty eight patients who visited the hospital from September 2020 to December 2020 were served as the validation group. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze the independent predictive factors to distinguish migraine and tension-type headache. According to the regression coefficient of independent variables, R software was used to construct a nomogram model of migraine or tension-type headache. The internal verification of the model was carried out through Bootstrap, and the external verification was carried out according to the data of the validation group. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve), area under the curve (AUC) and calibration curve were used respectively to estimate the discrimination and calibration of the prediction model. Results. There were 80 patients with migraines and 72 patients with tension-type headaches in the modeling group. There were 35 patients with migraines and 23 patients with tension-type headaches in the validation group. There was no statistical difference in characteristics between the modeling group and the validation group. According to the results of univariate Logistic analysis, 9 characteristic variables were extracted and included in the multivariate analysis. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed the independent predictive factors that were used to distinguish migraine and tension-type headache, including course, whether the headache was located in the occipital, severity intensity of the headache, whether the headache was accompanied by nausea/vomiting, whether the headache was accompanied by photophobia/phonophobia and the change of headache after activities. The decision Nomogram model was constructed based on this result. The internal and external verification of the model found that AUC of the modeling group and the validation group were 0.896 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.842-0.950] and 0.884 (95%CI 0.793-0.976) respectively, suggesting that the prediction model has a good discrimination capacity.The calibration curve of the modeling group and the validation group was very close to the standard curve, and had a good calibration degree, which showed that the model was consistent in the two groups. Conclusion. This study has constructed a decision-making model for distinguishing migraine and tension-type headache based on Nomogram. The model has a good discrimination and calibration in the modeling group and the validation group, which is beneficial to improve clinicians' early identification and diagnosis capabilities for migraine and tension-type headache. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to overcome the problem of high morbidity and low diagnostic accuracy of primary headaches in China, this paper proposed a clinical knowledge modeling and knowledge base constrcuting method that translating text-based diagnostic criteria to computer execuable knowledge. This method first translated diagnostic criteria based flow chart of diagnostic thoughts to clinical knowledge representation model, then translated clinical knowledge representation model to reasoning rules by rules-mapping technique. On the basis of the above method, it developed an assistant decision-making system for primary headaches. Clinical evaluation shows that this system can recognize 91. 3% of migraine, 87. 2% of tension-type headache, 90. 0% of cluster headache, and therefore achieve a relatively high success rate for common primary headaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]