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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, changes in proteome and histone-like acetylation levels of Lactobacillus plantarum p-8 induced by linoleic acid (LA) were explored to investigate the mechanism of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) production. The results showed that the optimal concentration of LA for inducing CLA production was 1 mg/mL. Proteomic analysis revealed that at this concentration, key protein factors for fatty acid synthesis such as enoyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase and acyl carrier proteins were down-regulated, fatty acid synthesis was down-regulated, and acetyltransferase was up-regulated. Western blot showed that the increase in the content of acetyl-CoA upon NaAc addition resulted in elevated histone-like protein acetylation levels. The addition of LA and NaAc increased the mRNA expression of CLA-related enzymes, transcription factors (TF) and sigma factors, as determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), and increased the transformation rate of CLA. Correlation analysis yielded a significant positive correlation between the transcriptional levels of acetyl-CoA and linoleic acid hydratase (CLA-hy) and the transformation rate of CLA, revealing that the up-regulation of acetyl-CoA and acetyltransferase contents led to enhanced histone-like acetylation and consequent up-regulation of CLA synthesis. These results provide a basis for molecular modification and scientific regulation of lactic acid bacteria to improve CLA conversion.

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】The study was conducted to explore the molecular mechanism of foliar application of nitrogen to alleviate the premature senescence of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) caused by high temperature after anthesis.【Method】A single factor comparative experiment was conducted. Two treatments were set up: foliar spraying nitrogen (D20) and no n-spraying nitrogen (CK) before high temperature after anthesis of spring wheat. After spraying nitrogen, high temperature (35±2) ℃ treatment was carried out for 3 consecutive days, and the time was 9:00-17:00.After the high temperature treatment, the soluble sugar, starch content and amylase activity of spring wheat flag leaves were measured, and the transcriptome and proteome of spring wheat flag leaves were sequenced.【Result】After high temperature treatment, the soluble sugar, amylose and amylopectin content and amylase activity of spring wheat flag leaf in D20 treatment were significantly higher than those in CK. The combined analysis of transcriptome and proteome showed that compared with CK, a total of 3441 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 150 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in the flag leaves of spring wheat under D20 treatment, including 23 associated differential factors, including 13 up-regulated genes and 10 down-regulated genes and 8 up-regulated proteins and 15 down-regulated proteins. There were 16 factors with consistent expression at the gene and protein levels, including 7 up-regulated factors and 9 down-regulated factors. GO and KEGG enrichment found that thiamine metabolism, sucrose starch metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were up-regulated at the gene and protein levels.THI1 and bglx were up-regulated, thiamine content, soluble sugar, coumarin and lignin content were increased, and plant stress resistance was enhanced. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed on the differentially expressed genes of flag leaf genes and proteins in spring wheat with the same expression trend. The results were consistent with transcriptome analysis, and the differentially expressed genes were up-regulated in both.【Conclusion】Spraying nitrogen before high temperature treatment after anthesis of spring wheat can regulate the expression patterns of genes and proteins related to thiamine metabolism, sucrose starch metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, thereby alleviating premature senescence caused by high temperature after anthesis and increasing spring wheat yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It isolated a Gram positive Paenibacillus sp. strain from the soil at an altitude of 3 000 m in the Kalongla Mountains in Mutuo, Tibet. The entire genome of Paenibacillus sp. strain was sequenced by Illumina Hiseq and was annotated with Prokka software (v1. 14. 6). antiSMASH 7. 0 and BAGEL4 were used to predict the secondary metabolites biosynthesis gene cluster in Paenibacillus sp. In order to validate the metabolic pathway, the total strain proteins were extracted by various extraction methods and performed nanoliter liquid chromatography combining with Mass Spectrometry. We could identify a total of 3 383 proteins by using software. Through homologous comparison, there were the N-terminal region of ATP dependent Cysteine protease B1 and ABC transporter in the lasso peptide biosynthesis gene cluster. It was complete by local blast comparison, and Paenibacillus sp. was likely to have the ability to synthesize lasso peptide. Through the above research, we analyed genomic and proteomic information of Paenibacillus sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein is an important nutrient in bovine milk, however, it is not clear about the effect of defatting on the protein content of bovine milk. In this paper, quantitative proteomics labeled with TMT (tandem mass tags) was used to analyze the proteome in whole milk and skim milk to investigate the effect of skimming on milk proteins. A total of 1352 proteins were identified in whole milk and skim milk, and 199 differentially expressed proteins were screened. Compared with whole milk, 67 proteins were up-regulated and 132 proteins were down-regulated after defatting. Among the major active proteins in bovine milk, κ-casein decreased in relative content after defatting, while β-lactoglobulin and lactoferrin increased in relative content after defatting. α-lactalbumin, αs1-casein, αs2-casein, β-casein, bovine serum protein and lactoperoxidase did not differ significantly in relative content. The relative levels of butyrophilin and lactadherin in milk fat globule membrane proteins decreased after defatting. Skimming also had effects on cytoskeleton, metabolism-related proteins in milk, changing the quality and nutritional value of the milk. The analysis of protein in whole and skim milk clarified the effect of skimming on bovine milk protein, which could provide a reference for the development of infant dairy products and the purchase of milk with different fat content by consumers.

Copyright of Journal of Hydrobiology is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Hydrobiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Protein is an essential participant in the life activities of all living things, and the accurate qualitative and quantitative studies of proteins will help to deepen the understanding of the laws of life. As a class of eukaryotic microorganisms widely used in basic research, food brewing, and industrial fermentation, the proteomics of yeasts used for food processing has continuously attracted the interest of many researchers, and the resulting findings will lead to their wider application in food processing. Based on the difference in the physicochemical properties and concentrations of different proteins in yeasts, mass spectrometry (MS) has been developed into one of the most effective proteome identification techniques. This paper summarizes the progress that has been made in the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based proteomics analysis of yeast in the past five years, and discusses the “bottom-up” method for quantitative proteome analysis of yeast with a special focus on the latest achievements in yeast proteome extraction, identification, and analysis techniques. Furthermore, this review also summarizes future prospects for the application of yeast proteome quantitation techniques in the research of yeasts used for food processing.

Background and purpose: Approximately 60% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are diagnosed at an advanced stage, therefore cannot receive timely and effective treatment. At present, the sensitivity of serum biomarkers commonly used in the diagnosis of HCC is low. In this paper, through the differential expression analysis of plasma exosomal proteome, the candidate exosome protein markers which may be used in the diagnosis of HCC were identified. Methods: First, we performed shot-gun proteome mass spectrometry assays in the plasma exosomes from the discovery cohort [including 4 healthy control (HC) group and 4 HCC patients group], and identified differentially expressed proteins by qualitative and quantitative analyses. Then, we carried out enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in plasma samples of an independent verification cohort [including 56 HCC patients group, 20 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients group and 48 HC group], and evaluated the diagnostic value of the candidate protein in HCC. Results: In the discovery cohort, we identified a total of 1 434 exosomal proteins, of which CD48 exhibited higher levels in HCC than in HC. We further verified in the validation cohort by ELISA that CD48 was markedly higher in HCC compared with LC and HC groups, with the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.886. When combined with plasma alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), the AUC reached 0.970. Conclusion: The plasma exosomal CD48 protein can be used as a candidate diagnostic biomarker for HCC, and its combination with AFP may further improve the clinical diagnostic ability for HCC.

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and purpose: Approximately 60% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are diagnosed at an advanced stage, therefore cannot receive timely and effective treatment. At present, the sensitivity of serum biomarkers commonly used in the diagnosis of HCC is low. In this paper, through the differential expression analysis of plasma exosomal proteome, the candidate exosome protein markers which may be used in the diagnosis of HCC were identified. Methods: First, we performed shotgun proteome mass spectrometry assays in the plasma exosomes from the discovery cohort [including 4 healthy control (HC) group and 4 HCC patients group], and identified differentially expressed proteins by qualitative and quantitative analyses. Then, we carried out enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in plasma samples of an independent verification cohort [including 56 HCC patients group, 20 liver cirrhosis (LC) patients group and 48 HC group], and evaluated the diagnostic value of the candidate protein in HCC. Results: In the discovery cohort, we identified a total of 1 434 exosomal proteins, of which CD48 exhibited higher levels in HCC than in HC. We further verified in the validation cohort by ELISA that CD48 was markedly higher in HCC compared with LC and HC groups, with the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.886. When combined with plasma alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), the AUC reached 0.970. Conclusion: The plasma exosomal CD48 protein can be used as a candidate diagnostic biomarker for HCC, and its combination with AFP may further improve the clinical diagnostic ability for HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioinformatics is widely used in the studies of reproductive system at various technical levels, including genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome. Through systematic data collection and visual processing, the mechanisms of key molecules in the reproductive process have been gradually discovered and elucidated. The application of bioinformatics technology in reproductive system not only has effectively promoted the development and innovation of reproductive system research on the basis of ensuring preciseness and scientificity, such as analyses of the normal functions, abnormal and pathological phenomena of different reproduction organs at the different levels of genome, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome, but also has enhanced the progress of clinical diagnosis and treatment of the related diseases in reproductive system, such as the discoveries of new disease markers and drug targets for the diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we mainly introduced the latest bioinformatics technologies in the reproductive medicine in recent years. Meanwhile, we also summarized the current research progress in reproductive system using bioinformatics, which may provide some key guidance and ideas for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To investigate the level of the expression of mucin 1 (MUC1) in different cancers and its impact on patient survival, and predict the possible mechanisms of MUC1 involvement in oncogenesis and tumor progression by analyzing the regulatory network of tumor-associated proteins that interact with MUC1. Methods·The mRNA levels of MUC1 in 33 tumors and the relationship between the expression of MUC1 and patient survival were analyzed by using the GEPIA 2 online platform. MUC1- HA plasmids were transfected in HEK293T cells, and then MUC1-binding proteins were obtained by co-immunoprecipitation (Co- IP) experiments with HA antibody, which was later analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS). The subcellular localization, molecular function, diseases involved, biological process of MUC1-binding proteins and the regulatory network of interactions between these proteins were analyzed by using String 11.5 online platform. Results·MUC1 was highly expressed in 9 kinds of tumors, including breast cancer, cervical cancer, diffuse large B-cell tumor, glioblastoma multiforme, brain lower grade glioma, ovarian carcinoma, pancreatic carcinoma, thymoma, and uterine corpus carcinoma. The relationship between MUC1 expression and overall survival in these 9 kinds of tumors was analyzed, and MUC1 expression was found to be negatively correlated with the overall survival. Higher MUC1 expression was related to significantly shorter survival time in 6 kinds of tumors, including breast cancer, cervical cancer, glioblastoma multiforme, brain lower grade glioma, pancreatic carcinoma, and thymoma. A total of 526 MUC1-binding proteins were detected by mass spectrometry analysis, and these proteins were mostly localized in organelles, cytoplasm, and membrane structures. The main molecular functions of these proteins included protein binding, ion binding, and enzymatic activity. They were primarily involved in anatomical entity diseases, cell proliferation diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancers. The related biological processes largely consisted of cellular stress, metabolism, development, and biosynthesis. MUC1-binding proteins played various roles in signaling pathways of metabolism, cancer, cGMP-cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and cell cycle. Further analysis of MUC1-binding-protein-associated signaling pathways revealed that they were heavily implicated in cancer-related signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and cAMP on the one hand, and promoted tumor development by regulating metabolism, apoptosis, and cell cycle on the other hand. Conclusion·MUC1 is highly expressed in a variety of tumor issues and is associated with poor prognosis of patients. MUC1 regulates cellular metabolism and plays a part in tumor-related signaling pathways possibly through protein interactions. This study innovatively identifies several new MUC1-binding proteins, which lay the foundation for further investigation of new biological functions of MUC1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ‘intestinal microecology' of wild mammals consists of intestinal microbiota,intestinal epithelial cells,and mucosal immune system that together form the intestinal mucosal barrier,and plays an important role in the regulation of the physiology and health of individuals. Because of the special values of fecal samples for the study of intestinal microecology in wild mammals, omics analysis based upon feces sample may provide important information for interpreting the intestinal microecology of wild mammalian respect to the environment, diet, disease and so on. In this review, we introduced several high-throughput omics technologies using feces samples. We focused on their application on different research area in both wild and captive mammals, as well as on varying climatic, geographical, and healthy conditions. We hope to promote the application of biotechnology in the research of wild mammals in China, and to provide a new research approach and direction for wild animal protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The mRNA and protein levels of osteopontin in articular cartilage and synovial fluid of patients with osteoarthritis are significantly higher than those of normal controls. However, the role and specific mechanism of osteopontin in the development of knee osteoarthritis have not been clarified. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the level of osteopontin in synovial cells of knee joint osteoarthritis patients and its relationship with the severity of osteoarthritis, and to further elucidate the mechanism that affects the progression of osteoarthritis through transcriptome and proteome sequencing. METHODS: A total of 42 patients with primary knee osteoarthritis diagnosed and treated in 2019 were divided into unicompartment knee osteoarthritis group and bicompartment knee osteoarthritis group based on the involvement of the tibiofemoral joint. Synovial and joint fluid specimens were harvested. PCR method was used to measure the abundance of osteopontin gene expression in synovial specimens, and ELISA method was used to measure osteopontin protein level in synovial fluid specimens. Enzymatic digestion method was used to obtain and culture human knee osteoarthritis synovial fibroblast-like cells. After osteopontin-siRNA intervention for 24 hours, the samples were tested for transcriptome and proteome. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the unicompartment knee osteoarthritis group, the osteopontin levels in the synovium and synovial fluid of the bicompartment knee osteoarthritis group increased significantly (P < 0.05). In in vitro cultured human knee osteoarthritis synovial fibroblast-like cells, after osteopontin knockdown by siRNA, quantitative studies of the transcriptome and proteome identified 14 662 transcripts and 3 608 proteins, respectively. Among them, the transcriptome and proteome analysis results of five proteins showed a simultaneous decrease, and the transcriptome and proteome analysis results of two proteins showed a simultaneous increase. To conclude, osteopontin has an adverse effect on chondrocytes. The mechanism may be through the pro-inflammatory effect and the negative effect of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 on cartilage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of Helicobacter pylori-400 that was isolated from high incidence area of gastric cancer on the proteome of gastric epithelial cell line GES1. Methods The gastric mucosa of patients with positive C-13 breath test was sampled with gastroscope, and H.pylori was isolated. GES1 was co-cultured with H.pylori-400 in the ratio of 1∶50, cellular RNA was extracted,and the mRNA expressions of IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α were detected by RT-qPCR. Cellular proteins were extracted and analyzed by HPLC-MS, lable-free was used for quantitative analysis. The differentially expressed proteins were selected for enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG, and the hub genes were screened out for further analysis. Results H.pylori-400 promoted mRNA expres- sion of IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α of gastric epithelial cells. HPLC-MS showed that 373 proteins molecules changed(|Fold change|≥2) after GES1 co-cultured with H.pylori-400, among them, 143 proteins molecules decreased and 230 protein molecules increased. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that H.pylori-400 regulated the secretion of inflammatory factors by regulating cell cycle, T cell immune activity and p53 pathway, which may lead to tumor genesis. Conclusions H.pylori-400 isolated from the high incidence area of gastric cancer can promote the expression of inflammatory factors and promote the tumor genesis by affecting the proteome of GES1 cells.

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives Proteomics principles and techniques were used to detect and screen out the expression of differential proteins in urine of athletes after exercise with different intensities; the changes of urinary protein components and the correlations among the changes, human immune function and exercise fatigue were investigated, which provided scientific basis and practical methods for exercise biochemical monitoring. Methods Based on Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), differential expression of urine proteome of 8 male athletes was analyzed after exercises of 55%, 75%, 85% and 95% VO2max intensity, respectively; the protein expressed levels which were up-regulated by at least 5-fold and with repeatability were screened and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results A total of 275 differentially expressed protein points was detected after different exercise intensities, down-regulated protein points were 85 and up-regulated 190. After screening expressed levels which were up-regulated by at least 5-fold protein, a total of 29 protein was identified, showing a close relation to the biological processes of immune regulation and inflammatory response. Conclusions Proteomics better explains what happens to the urine proteome after different exercises, among which, apolipoprotein and zinc-a2-glycoprotein are related to lipid metabolism after exercise; immunoglobulin, albumin, complement component C3, mannose-binding lectin protein 19 and Vitamin D binding protein are related to immune regulation. The theoretical basis and application method are provided for the evaluation of the effects of exercise training on human immune function and fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Animal Science is the property of Chinese Society of Animal Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The signal peptide is a key factor that affects the efficiency of protein secretion in Pichia pastoris . Currently, the most used signal peptide is the α-mating factor (MFα) pre-pro leader from Saccharomyces cerevisiae . This exogenous signal peptide has been successfully utilized to express and secret many heterologous proteins. However, MFα is not suitable for the secretory expression of all heterologous proteins. Many typical signal peptides are present in the secretory proteins of P . pastoris , which provides more options besides MFα. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and identify more efficient endogenous signal peptides that can guide the secretion of heterologous proteins in P . pastoris . In this study, we employed bioinformatics tools such as SignalP, TMHMM, Phobius, WoLF PSORT, and NetGPI to predict endogenous signal peptides from the entire proteome of P . pastoris GS115 (ATCC 20864). Moreover, we analyzed the distribution, length, amino acid composition, and conservation of these signal peptides. Additionally, we screened 69 secreted proteins and their signal peptides, and through secretome validation, we identified 10 endogenous signal peptides that have potential to be used for exogenous protein expression. The endogenous signal peptides obtained in this study may serve as new valuable tools for the expression and secretion of heterologous proteins in P . pastoris .

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Animal Science is the property of Chinese Society of Animal Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology. Social Sciences Edition / Haerbin Gongye Daxue Xuebao. Shehui Kexue Ban is the property of Harbin Institute of Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective：To preliminarily screened the protein molecules and biological processes that may be involved in PM2.5 increases the rate of adverse pregnancy by affecting the placental trophoblast cells using proteomic technology. Methods：HTR-8/SVneo cells were exposed to 0, 30, 60, 120 and 200 μg/mL PM2.5 for 24 h and 48 h, respectively, to observe the cell proliferation; finally, we selected 120 μg/mL PM2.5 treated with HTR-8/SVneo cells for 24 h and 48 h for follow-up experiments. After extraction of intracellular protein and enzyme digestion, peptides and differentially expressed proteins were analyzed and identified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) combined with two-dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC-MS/MS) technology. Finally, bioinformatics analysis of the data was carried out. Results：The survival rates of cells treated with 120 μg/mL PM2.5 for 24 h and 48 h were 86.09% and 52.36%, respectively, which were also remarkably decreased compared with that of control cells (P＜0.05). There were 182 differentially expressed proteins in the cells exposure to 120 μg/mL PM2.5 for 24 h, involved in 22 cell biological processes (BP); meanwhile, cells exposed for 48 h had 486 differential proteins, involving 217 BP. Conclusions：PM2.5 can affect a large number of BP in HTR-8/SVneo cells. iTRAQ with LC-MS/MS 2D technology is an effective way for high sensitivity and throughput screening of differentially expressed proteins in cells after exposure to PM2.5, which provides a basis for the future research on the mechanism of PM2.5 increased the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bovine serum albumin and human urinary protein gel bands of two different molecular weight were digested by 20 W, 100 W and 200 W ultrasound-assisted in-gel digestion method, and the digested peptides were analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. By comparing the number of identified proteins and peptides, the optimal ultrasonic power for ultrasound-assisted in-gel digestion was determined. Meanwhile, the peptide characteristics of ultrasound-assisted in-gel digestion method were analyzed by comparing with traditional overnight digestion method. 20 W ultrasound-assisted in-gel digestion method shows the minimal gel damage and loss for in-gel protein samples, the number of peptides identified in BSA is 65, while the number of identified peptides from 100 W, 200 W and the traditional overnight digestion methods is 57, 51 and 41, respectively, much lower than 20 W ultrasound-assisted in-gel digestion method. The number of proteins identified in two different gel bands of human urinary protein in 20 W ultrasound-assisted in-gel digestion method is 168 and 199, respectively, which is better than 100 W, 200 W and the traditional overnight digestion method. By analyzing the mis-cleavage rate and semi-tryptic rate of peptides based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis, the mis-cleavage rate of ultrasound-assistedin-gel digestion is higher than traditional overnight digestion method, while the semi-tryptic rate of ultrasound-assisted in-gel digestion is lower. The mis-cleavage type analysis of identified peptides indicates that traditional overnight method can generate more Proline (P) type mis-cleavage peptides, and ultrasound-assisted in-gel digestion method produces more aspartate/glutamate (D/E) type mis-cleavage peptides. The mis-cleavage peptide types from three ultrasound powers show no significant differences. Compared with traditional overnight digestion method, ultrasound-assisted in-gel digestion method can significantly shorten in-gel protein digestion-time and 20 W ultrasonic power shows the best digestion results compared with 100 W ultrasonic power and 200 W ultrasonic power. Furthermore, ultrasound assisted in-gel digestion method can obtain more protein/peptide identifications. The peptide mis-cleavage rate in ultrasound-assisted in-gel digestion method is higher than traditional overnight digestion method, while the semi-tryptic rate is lower. Above results will benefit the application of ultrasound-assisted in-gel digestion method for proteomic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional exploration over lung cancer molecular marker has been relied on genome or transcriptome research, while exploration at the protein level has been limited by throughput. Mass spectrometry based proteome research has started to generate global proteome data for normal and cancer tissue. Using the open source statistical language R, we mined the publicly available data of human proteome draft and lung cancer proteome for screening for candidate molecular markers for lung cancer.We identified 91 candidate biomarkers for lung cancer.Gene ontology analysis suggested that candidate lung cancer biomarkers have enriched genes associated with metabolism, TP53 network and microRNA regulation. Top hits on the list were then validated with Human Protein Atlas database and Pubmed, which shows that most hits can be validated. We believe data mining has an important role to play in the big omic data era that is being ushered in by mass spectrometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the differentially phosphorylated proteins in DENV-2-infected human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) and explore the possible pathogenic mechanism of DENV-2 infection., Methods: The total proteins were extracted from DENV-2-infected HUVECs and blank control HUVEC using SDT lysis method. The phosphorylated proteins were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed using tandem mass spectrometry (TMT). The identified differentially phosphorylated proteins were analyzed by bioinformatics analyses such as subcellular localization analysis, GO enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. Western blotting was used to detect the expressions of phosphorylated Jun, map2k2 and AKT1 proteins in DENV-2-infected HUVECs., Results: A total of 2918 modified peptides on 1385 different proteins were detected, and among them 1346 were significantly upregulated (FC > 1.2, P < 0.05) and 1572 were significantly downregulated (FC < 0.83, P < 0.05). A total of 49 phosphorylated conserved motifs were obtained by amino acid conservative motif analysis. The most abundant differentially phosphorylated peptides in protein domain analysis included RNA recognition motif, protein kinase domain and PH domain. Subcellular localization analysis showed that the differentially modified peptides were mainly localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the differential peptides were mainly enriched in the regulation of stimulation response, biosynthesis of small molecules containing nuclear bases, and migration of phagosomes and leukocytes across the endothelium. PPI and KEGG joint analysis showed that the up-regulated and down-regulated differentially phosphorylated proteins were enriched in 15 pathways. In DENV-2-infected HUVECs, Western blotting detected differential expressions of phosphorylated proteins related with the autophagy pathway, namely JUN, MAP2K2 and AKT1, and among them p-JUN was significantly down-regulated and p-AKT1 and p-MAP2K2 were significantly upregulated ( P < 0.01)., Conclusion: DENV-2 infected HUVECs show numerous differentially expressed proteins. The downregulation of p-JUN and upregulation of p-MAP2K2 and p-AKT1 suggest their potential roles in regulating autophagy, which is probably involved in the mechanism of DENV-2 infection.

Objective To establish two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) technology for hydatid fluid of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus. Methods We extracted total proteins of Echinococcus granulosus by lyophilization and studied the changes of 2-DE picture under different methods of dealing with the protein samples, pH range of IPG strip and quantitative loading of the samples. Results The two-dimensional collection of illustrative plate with better resolution and repetition was achieved when the hydatid fluid dealt with ReadyPrepTM 2-D Cleanup Kit was analyzed using 400 μg of quantitative loading and IPG strips pH 7-10. Conclusion The established 2-DE method and maps of hydatid fluid of the parasite Echinococcus granulosus can provide theoretical evidence for proteomic study of Echinococcus granulosus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The development of alcoholic liver fibrosis( ALF) is a complex process involving both parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells. The knowledge about the proteome of liver nonparenchymal cells( NPCs) in response to ethanol is limited. This paper aims to investigate the regulatory effect of alcohol on the protein expression in liver NPCs during liver fibrosis development and to provide new clues for understanding the molecular mechanism of liver fibrosis. Methods Rats were treated with ethanol by gastric administration to establish a liver fibrosis model. The pathological changes in the liver were evaluated by James staining. Liver NPCs were enriched by Percoll density gradient centrifugation,and proteins were extracted from NPCs by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis( 2DE) and stained by Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250. The differentially expressed proteins were identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry( LC-MS / MS). Some of the differentially expressed proteins were verified by real time RT-PCR and Western blot. The protein spots on 2DE gels were analyzed by two sample t-test. The RT-PCR results were statistically analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Results A rat model of ALF was established. Among the NPCs purified by Percoll density gradient centrifugation,lymphocytes,Kupffer cells,and endothelial cells were enriched for 1. 5,3. 2,and 3. 7 times,respectively. More than 800 protein spots were detected by 2DE,and there were 26 proteins with more than 2-fold increases or decreases in expression; 21 non-redundant proteins were identified by LC-MS /MS and real-time RT-PCR analysis of 7 of these proteins showed that the mRNA levels of ANXA3, CES3, ATPA and NDUFV2 were in accordance with the proteome analysis results. Conclusion This study detected and identified a group of differentially expressed proteins related to ALF. Our work might offer some new clues to understand the mechanism of ALF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The availability of genome sequences of soybean cultivar Williams 82 had paved the way to soybean proteomics research in 2010. Subsequently, a rapid advance happened through the effort of researchers all over the world. This paper reviewed the progresses of soybean proteomics in growth and development, symbiotic interactions between soybean and rhizobia, abiotic and biotic stress, soybean proteome database etc. since 2011. Furthermore, the prospects of soybean proteomics were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal proteome profiling (TPP) is a combination of cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) and quantitative mass spectrometry (MS), also termed as MS-CETSA. TPP determines the stability of the entire proteome by measuring the content of soluble proteins in cells or cell lysates at different heating temperatures. Proteins can change their thermostability when interacting with small molecules (e.g., drugs or metabolites), nucleic acids, or other proteins or posttranslational modification, while TPP can identify target proteins based on the difference in thermostability with or without ligand-binding. At present, TPP has been applied to identify the targets and off-targets of drugs and interrogate protein-metabolite and protein-protein interactions. Due to limited understanding of this technology, this review introduced the principles, methods, applications, advantages and limitations of TPP.

Methotrexate (MTX) is a widely used immunosuppressive drug. Large-dose of MTX is used for the treatment of cancer while low-dose is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to explore the effect of MTX on the urinary proteome of rats. MTX was given to rats orally to construct an MTX intragastric administration rat model. The urine of the rats were collected within 10 hours after giving MTX, and the urine proteins of the rats were analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A total of 31 differential proteins were identified, of which 7 proteins were related to the effect MTX and the symptom of RA. The biological processes of some rats reflected the effect of MTX on the body's glutathione metabolism and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, which indicated that urine proteins have the ability to reflect the effects of MTX on the body of rats. The spectrum of the differential proteins of each single rat showed that different individuals respond to the drug quite differently.

The systematic and in-depth study of phosphoproteome rely on highly reproducible and specific phosphopeptide enrichment methods. At present, a variety of enrichment methods have been developed based on different principles, and these methods often display different selectivity and specificity. It is therefore very important to select the most suitable enrichment method according to different research purposes. This review summarized the phosphopeptide enrichment based on affinity chromatography, immunoprecipitation, chemical derivatization, chromatography and other newly developed methods. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods, as well as the related optimization and improvement strategies, were discussed in detail. In addition, we also briefly summarized the progress of the combination of phosphopeptide enrichment and fractionation methods developed in recent years.

The pharmacodynamic substances of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) are the basis for the research of TCM and the development of innovative drugs. However, the lack of clarity of targets and molecular mechanisms is the bottleneck problem that restricts the research of pharmacodynamic substances of TCM. Bioactive components are the material basis of the efficacy of TCM, which exert activity by regulating the corresponding targets. Therefore, it is very important to identify the targets of the bioactive components to elucidate the pharmacological mechanism of TCM. Proteins are the most important drug targets, and study of the interaction between the proteins and bioactive components of TCM plays a key role in the development of pharmacological mechanism of TCM. In recent years, the main techniques for detecting the interaction between the bioactive components and proteins include surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, bio-layer interference, molecular docking, proteome chip, target fishing, target mutant, and protein crystallization techniques, etc. This review summarized the biological target detection techniques and their applications in locating the targets of the bioactive components in TCM in the last decade, and this paper will provide useful strategies to elucidate the pharmacological mechanisms of TCM.

Snake venom thrombin drugs are hemostatic drugs prepared from Agkistrodon halys venom, and the main active ingredients are snake venom thrombin-like enzymes (svTLEs). The svTLEs derived from different snake species differ in their structures, hemostatic mechanisms, and pharmacological effects. Therefore, accurate identification of the source of snake venom species and determination of the svTLE content are essential to ensure the quality of these products. Based on proteomics technology, the marker peptides of svTLEs from Bothrops atrox were screened with species specificity for the first time in this study, and an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for species identification and determination of the svTLE content of Bothrops atrox was established. After reductive alkylation and trypsin enzymolysis of the purified svTLE from Bothrops atrox , enzymatic peptide fragments were obtained and determined by easy-nano liquid chromatography-quadrupole/electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (Nano LC-Q-Exactive-MS). The mass spectrum data were analyzed by Proteome Discoverer 2.2 software. The maker peptide "EAYNGLPAK", which characterized the svTLE from Bothrops atrox , was finally screened and validated by comparison of the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) with the NCBI and UniProt databases. For the marker peptide, the enzymolysis temperature, enzymolysis time and amount of enzyme for the sample preparation were optimized. The optimized enzymolysis conditions were as follows: enzymolysis temperature, 37 ℃; enzymolysis time, 4 h; and amount of enzyme, 10 μL. A qualitative and quantitative detection method based on UHPLC-MS/MS was established by optimizing the chromatographic and mass spectrometric conditions. Accordingly, 20 mg of the evenly mixed sample was weighed and placed in a 100 mL volumetric flask. Then, 25 mmol/L ammonium bicarbonate solution was added to dissolve the sample, and the solution was diluted to the scale. Precisely 1.00 mL of the solution was extracted; subsequently, addition of 10 μL trypsin solution was added, followed by shaking, and the mixture was placed in an incubator for 4 h to induce enzymolysis at a constant temperature of 37 ℃. The mixture was subsequently removed from the incubator, cooled to ambient temperature, centrifuged at 12000 r/min for 10 min, and analyzed by LC-MS. Separation was performed on the UPLC system with a Thermo Hypersil GOLD C18 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 3.0 μm) under the gradient elution of acetonitrile containing 0.1% (v/v) acetic acid and water containing 0.1%(v/v) acetic acid, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min, column temperature of 30 ℃, and injection volume of 2 μL. The maker peptides were determined in the electrospray positive ionization (ESI + ) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes using the external standard curve method. The detection ions were m/z 481.9> 315.2 and 481.9> 485.2. There was a good linear relationship between the mass concentration of the marker peptide and the chromatographic peak area in the range of 2.5-30 ng/mL, and the correlation coefficient ( r ) was 0.9996, The limit of detection ( S/N =3) and limit of quantification ( S/N =10) were 2.5 mg/kg and 6.25 mg/kg, respectively. At spiked levels of 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg, the recoveries of the marker peptides were 95.5%-101.9%, while the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the results for parallel analyses at various spiked levels were 1.1%-3.2%. The developed method is simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific, and it can be used for the identification of Bothrops atrox venom species and determination of the svTLE content. The findings of this study would help ensure the quality of hemocoagulase products from the relevant source and provide a reference for the quality control of other snake venom products.

PURPOSE: To establish 2-dimensional gel eleetrophoresis images and compare the differences of serum proteins of oral lichen planus patients before and after hydroxychloroquine therapy. METHODS: The serum of oral lichen planus patients before and after hydroxyehloroquine therapy were collected, and total protein were extracted. Differential proteome profiles were established and analysed by means of 2-DE and MALDI-TOF-MS. The types and functions of protein were analyzed. SAS 9.12 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Six proteins were well characterized including plasminogen precursor, Apo A-IV preeursor,C4A/C4B complement, C2 precursor, Vitamin D binding protein and hypothetical protein. The differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Plasminogen preeursor,Apo A-IV precursor,C4A!C4B complement, C2 precursor, Vitamin D binding protein and hypothetical protein are differentially expressed in oral lichen planus patients before and after hydroxyehloroquine therapy, but the results need to be validated by other biochemical technologies. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81070839), Nanjing Talents Project (200603005), Nanjing Medical Science and Technology Development Foundation (ZKX 1030) and Jiangsu Provincial Outstanding Medical Academic Leader Program(LJ201110). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry techniques, the proteomes in the tillering node of cold-resistant winter wheat Dongnongdongmai 1 and cold-susceptible winter wheat Jimai 22 before and after low temperature treatment were comparatively analyzed. It was observed that within the range of pH 4-7, there was a significant difference in the expression level of 55 protein spots in the protein profiles of tillering node before and after low temperature treatment, and 47 of the 55 protein spots were expressed in the two cultivars. After low temperature treatment, the abundance value of 23 protein spots increased, with the absolute abundance being higher in Dongnongdongmai 1 than in Jimai 22, while that of 7 protein spots decreased, with the absolute abundance being lower in Dongnongdongmai 1 than in Jimai 22. The expression level of 8 protein spots specific in Dongnongdongmai 1 was up-regulated. In all of the up-regulated proteins, their expression level in Dongnongdongmai 1 was 2.1 - 16.5 times as high as that in Jimai 22, among which, 10 protein spots had an expression level of 4 times high. In the down-regulated proteins, their expression level in Dongnongdongmai 1 was 0.1-0.4 times as high as that in Jimai 22. The differential protein spots were detected by mass spectrometry, and identified by compared with retrieval database. A total of 51 protein spots fingerprints were obtained, among which, 15.7% were of stress protein, 27.5% were of metabolism-related protein, 19.6% were signaling molecules, 9.8% were of unknown protein, and other proteins took up 27.4%. These variously expressed proteins might play an important role in the cold resistance of Dongnongdongmai 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seed quality plays an important role in the agricultural and animal husbandry production, the effective utilization of genetic resources, the conservation of biodiversity and the restoration and reconstruction of plant communities. Seed aging is a common physiological phenomenon during storage. It is a natural irreversible process that occurs and develops along with the extension of seed storage time. It is not only related to the growth, yield and quality of seed and seedling establishment, but also has an important effect on the conservation, utilization and development of plant germplasm resources. The physiological mechanisms of seed aging are complex and diverse. Most studies focus on conventional physiological characterization, while systematic and comprehensive in-depth studies are lacking. Here we review the recent advances in understanding the physiology of seed aging process, including the methods of seed aging, the effect of aging on seed germination, and the physiological and molecular mechanisms of seed aging. The change of multiple physiological parameters, including seed vigor, electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde content and storage material in the seed, antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondrial structure, were summarized. Moreover, insights into the mechanism of seed aging from the aspects of transcriptome, proteome and aging related gene function were summarized. This study may facilitate the research of seed biology and the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources.

The mechanism of methamphetamine toxicity and addiction is the key research direction of forensic toxicology, and the development of omics technology provides a new platform for further study of this direction. METH toxic damage and addiction are reflected differently in genes, ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcription, protein and metabolism. This article summarizes the achievements and shortcomings of multi-omics technologies such as genome, transcriptome, metabolome and proteome in the study of METH damage and addiction, and discusses the strategies and advantages of multi-omics combined analysis in the study of METH toxic damage and addiction mechanism, in order to provide more useful reference information for forensic toxicology of METH.