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To detect avian beta-defensin 6 (AvBD6) quantitatively, a sandwich ELISA method was established and applied to detect the concentration of AvBD6 in serum. The results showed that the optimal dilution of capture antibody (mouse anti-B cell linear epitopes of AvBD6 polyclonal antibody), detecting antibody (rabbit anti-N-terminal of AvBD6 polyclonal antibody) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG was 2 500, 2 000 and 10 000, respectively. The standard curve regression equation was y =12 024x-2 583, ( R² =0.984 2) in the linear detection range from 20 to 320 ng/mL. The serum AvBD6 concentration of control group was slightly higher than that of ACTH group (P > 0. 05) after 1 day of ACTH (25 IU/kg BW) injection, but the AvBD6 concentration of the control group was slightly lower than that of ACTH group(P>0.05) after 5 d of ACTH injection; and the effect was not significant. The serum AvBD6 concentration of infected group after 24 h of Escherichia coli exposure or 3 h and 24 h of salmonella exposure were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Our results indicated that AvBD6 involved in the resistance to system infection of Escherichia coli and salmonella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study of the association between the core gene irp2, fyuA deletion of the high pathogenicity island and avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). The study used the Red homologous recombination method to construct the irp2 gene deletion and irp2, fyuA genes deletion strains and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate their effects on the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels. It shows the importance of irp2, fyuA genes delection effect to the pathogenicity in APEC.

The article presents a study which determines the residues of diclazuril and toltrazuril in chicken tissues by high performance liquid chromotography. Diclazuril and toltrazuril were extracted with acetonitrile from chicken liver, muscle and kidney. The method meet the demand in determination of residues of diclazuril and toltrazuril.

A novel method was proposed to identify the modal parameters of roof bolter's drilling arm with high precision. In order to verify this method, we made an experiment, and the results showed that the method had a good validity and reliability. The proposed method is less affected by mode superposition and can overcome the disadvantages of traditional modal parameters identification method. Furthermore, the method can help to update the FEM model of roof bolter's drilling arm and the identified modal parameters also provide basic data to further dynamic analysis and optimum design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of bendamustine in the conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with lymphoma., Methods: The clinical data of 35 patients with lymphoma, including 5 patients of Hodgkin lymphoma and 30 patients of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation after pretreatment with BeEAM regimen from January 2020 to June 2022 in Gansu Provincial Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Hematopoietic reconstitution, disease outcome after transplantation and the side effects were analyzed., Results: All 35 patients achieved hematopoietic reconstitution after AHSCT，the median time to neutrophil engraftment was 11 (8-15) days, and the median time to platelet engraftment was 12 (9-17) days. Among the 35 patients, 4 patients died at the end of follow-up, including 3 patients died of lymphoma recurrence or progression and 1 patient died of cerebral hemorrhage. Among 34 patients, 30 had no disease progression at the end of follow-up. The OS rates of patients at 12 and 24 months after transplantation were 90.97% and 90.97%, respectively. The 12 and 24 months PFS rates were 89.64% and 84.92%, respectively. Thiry-five patients underwent grade 3-4 bone marrow suppression. The non-hematological toxicity of BeEAM pretreatment regimen mainly included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and oral mucositis, 35 patients experienced nausea and vomiting, but only 4 patients had grade 3-4 nausea and vomiting. Eight patients experienced Grade 1-2 diarrhea. Oral mucositis occurred in 12 patients, including 1 patient of grade 3 oral mucositis. One patient with grade 3 oral mucositis also had grade 3-4 hypokalemia and hypon atremia. 8.6% of patients experienced Grade 1-2 abnormal liver and kidney function. An addition, infectious fever occurred in 18 patients during neutropenia. All patients improved after symptomatic treatment, and there were no transplant-related death., Conclusion: Bendamustine as a pretreatment regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation in lymphoma is effective, and the side effects are tolerable.

To provide experimental basis and theoretical guidance for further research on the molecular mechanism of notoginsenoside R&#95;1(NGR&#95;1) in the treatment of depression, the present study analyzed the potential mechanism of NGR&#95;1 in the treatment of depression through network pharmacology and verified it by molecular docking and animal experiments. PharmMapper, SwissTargetPrediction, and GeneCards were used to predict the related targets of both NGR&#95;1 and depression to obtain the potential targets of NGR&#95;1 in the treatment of depression. The database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery(DAVID) was used for GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis to screen the possible mechanisms of NGR&#95;1 exerting antidepressant effect. Cytoscape 3.9.0 was adopted to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network, and the topological analysis was performed to obtain the core targets. The binding activity of NGR&#95;1 to core targets was tested by molecular docking. The depression model was prepared by injecting lipopolysaccharide(LPS) into the lateral ventricle in mice, and intervened with NGR&#95;1. The antidepressant effect of NGR&#95;1 was detected by behavioral tests and RT-qPCR. The results showed that by network pharmacology, 56 common targets of NGR&#95;1 and depression were predicted, and GO enrichment analysis determined 13 related biological processes, mainly involving G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase Ⅱ promoter, cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, gene expression, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and signal transduction. In addition, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified ten potential pathways, including neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway, PI3 K-AKT signaling pathway, and lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathway. PPI analysis revealed that the core targets included CASP3, VEGFA, IGF1, STAT3, MAPK1, PPARG, MTOR, MAPK14, NR3 C1 and AR, and molecular docking demonstrated that NGR&#95;1 had desirable binding activity to these target proteins. In animal experiments, the results showed that NGR&#95;1 improved the disease behavior of depressed mice, significantly inhibited the neuroinflammatory response(reducing the mRNA expression of Iba-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and regulated the mRNA expression of lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathway-related targets(CASP3, STAT3, MAPK1 and MAPK14). This indicated that the antidepressant mechanism of NGR&#95;1 may be related to the regulation of lipid and atherosclerosis signaling pathway. In conclusion, network pharmacology was used to reveal the core targets and pathways of NGR&#95;1, and some of them were verified in animal experiments, which provided the basis for in-depth exploration on the mechanism of NGR&#95;1 in the treatment of depression.

Despite the significant efficacy of acupuncture in alleviating anxiety and depression, the mechanism remains unclear. In recent years, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology has provided a visual method for deciphering the mechanism of acupuncture in treating anxiety and depression. This paper summarized the clinical studies about the imaging changes of anxiety and depression during the treatment with acupuncture under fMRI. The available studies demonstrated that acupuncture may act on functional nuclei and brain regions such as hippocampus, amygdala, cingulate gyrus, frontal lobe, and temporal lobe. The paper can lay a foundation for the further study of the central mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of anxiety and depression.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between coagulation indexes and prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM)., Methods: A total of 99 newly diagnosed MM patients treated in Gansu Provincial Hospital from October 2017 to October 2019 were enrolled. Plasma thromboplastin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB), D-dimer (D-D), platelet (PLT), and other laboratory indexes were detected. The relationship between coagulation indexes and clinical characteristics of MM patients was analyzed. The differences in survival rates among MM patients with different levels of coagulation indexes were compared, and the effect of each clinical index on the prognosis of MM patients was analyzed by univariate and multivariate., Results: Each coagulation index was correlated to sex, disease classification and stage, and β 2 -MG level of MM patients. Disease stage and β 2 -MG level were positively correlated with coagulation indexes, which means that patients with late-stage disease or high β 2 -MG, IgA and IgG levels were more likely to develop into coagulation disorders (P<0.05). The survival rate of patients with MM exhibiting elevated PT, FIB, and D-D levels was significantly lower (P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that each coagulation index was the influencing factor on the follow-up outcomes of MM patients, in which FIB was an independent prognostic factor., Conclusion: Coagulation function is correlated with multiple clinical indicators of patients with MM and plays an important role in their prognosis.

Objective: To analyze the influence of serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels to the prognosis of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients, and to explore related factors affecting the prognosis of the patients., Methods: The clinical pathological data of 180 newly diagnosed MM patients treated in our hospital from March 2013 to February 2015 were collected, and the patients were divided into high and low Hcy groups based on the median Hcy. The survival curves of the patients in the two groups were drawn to compare the differences of the survival; univariate and multivariate survival analysis was used to observe the influence of serum cysteine to the prognosis of newly diagnosed MM patients; the clinicopathological data of the patients with high and low Hcy in the two groups was compared, Pearson test was used to further analyzes the relationship between Hcy and different factors, and explores the related factors of Hcy affecting the prognosis of the patients., Results: The median survival times of patients in the high and low Hcy groups were 32 (5-59) and 41 (7-71) months, respectively. The 3-year survival rate of the patients in high Hcy group was significantly lower than those in low Hcy group, and the difference shows statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of univariate survival analysis showed that the OS of newly diagnosed MM patients whom with advanced age, high bone disease grade, high-level bone marrow plasma cell count, LDH, C-reactive protein, Cr, β 2 -MG, Hcy, low-level Hb, and ALB was significantly shortened (all P<0.05). The results of multivariate survival analysis showed that old age, high levels of bone marrow plasma cells, Cr, β 2 -MG, low levels of Hb, and ALB were the independent risk factors shorting the overall survival (OS) time of newly diagnosed MM patients (all P<0.05), while Hcy showed no independent relation for the OS of patients (P>0.05). The Hb level of the patients in high Hcy group was significantly lower than those in low-Hcy group, while the LDH level was significantly higher than those in low Hcy group (all P<0.05). Pearson test results showed that serum Hcy and Hb showed negative correlation (r=-0.813, P<0.05), but it shows positive correlation with LDH (r=0.726, P<0.05)., Conclusion: Serum Hcy level has a correlation trend with the survival of newly diagnosed MM, which is affected by factors such as Hb.

Objective: To explore the correlation of body mass index (BMI), ABO blood group with multiple myeloma (MM)., Methods: 70 MM patients (MM group) and 10 healthy people (control group) were selected in the same period, the BMI of patients was calculated according to the height and weight, and the differences of BMI in 2 groups was compared. The distribution of age, sex, albumin (Alb), serum creatinine (Cr), hemoglobin (Hb) and red blood cell (RBC) in the two groups were analyzed. Differences in red blood cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), disease stage and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level, survival rate of MM patients with different BMI values and blood group were compared between two groups, and the differences in follow-up outcomes of MM patients were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis., Results: BMI level of MM patients was higher than that of control group (t=2.706, P＜0.01), but the difference of blood group was not significant (P＞0.05); The NLR value in obese patients was higher than that in non-obese patients, the staging was later and the Alb level was lower in obese patients than those in non-obese patients. the differences were statistically significant between obese patients and non-obese patients (P＜0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that BMI, Alb and LDH level could influence the follow-up outcome of MM patients, the patients with elevated BMI and LDH level had worse prognosis, while patients with elevated Alb had better prognosis. which means that all the three factors are independent factors affecting the prognosis of MM patrents., Conclusion: Increased BMI in MM patients can affect the outcome of follow-up, which is an independent influencing factor.

Objective: To study the value of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the evaluation of prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM)., Methods: NLR was calculated on the basis of the blood routine examination results of 65 patients with primary MM (MM group) and 83 persons receiving physical examination as control group, and the difference in 2 group was compared; moreover according to the median as threshold, the patients were divided into low NLR group (NLR＜2.34) and high NLR group (NLR≥2.34); the differences of age, sex, serum calcium β 2 (Ca), microglobulin (β 2 -MG), albumin (Alb), serum creatinine (Cr), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in 2 group were analyzed, and the survival rate was compared between the high and low-NLR group., Results: the NLR of MM patients was statistically significantly higher than that of the control group (z=-2.415, P＜0.05). Compared with the low NLR group, the β 2 -MG and Cr levels of patients in the high NLR group seemed higher, but the difference was not statistically significant. The single-factor analysis showed that NLR, β 2 -MG and Alb levels were risk factors for the prognosis of MM patients, and the multi-factor analysis showed that NLR and Alb level were independent risk factors influencing the prognosis of MM patients., Conclusion: NLR elevation in patients with primary diagnosis of MM indicates a poor prognosis, which is an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis.

Objective: To establish a goat model of acute spinal cord compression injury through a modified percutaneous technique with a Foley double-lumen urine catheter and explore the method feasibility and preliminary observation., Methods: Twelve adult male Chongming goats were randomly divided into 3 groups:control (A, n = 4), 0.5 ml compression (B, n = 4) and 1 ml compression (C, n = 4). After local anesthesia, all animals received epidural balloon catheter (5Fr) insertion via a percutaneous trans-lumbosacral interlaminar space technique that mimicked the method used in vascular access for angiography. The balloon catheter was advanced under fluoroscopic guidance until its distal tip reached the middle of T6 level.One week later, for groups B and C, the balloon was inflated by half-strength contrast material, 0.5 ml and 1 ml, respectively. The balloon was left inflated for 30 min and then deflated. The images of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) were taken before and after surgical procedures.Quantitative assessment of spine canal occupying rate was accomplished by an off-line software program based on CT results. Motor function was assessed by the modified Tarlov scale. Two animals of each group were sacrificed after a total observation period of 48 h and 72 h respectively.Spinal cords from the injured level were then obtained for pathologic examinations., Results: All animals underwent successful catheterization occupying 6.8%±0.7% (Group A), 6.7%±0.7% (Group B) and 6.6%±0.6% (Group C) of spine canal respectively. After inflation, the occupying rate of groups B and C achieved 43.4%±2.5% and 88.1%±2.3% respectively.Ventral compression of spinal cord was noted on MR images.Hindlimb movement remained normal after catheter insertion in all groups. All animals in group B and C became paraplegic after inflation. And a positive correlation existed between injection volume and Tarlov score. Pathological findings confirmed neuron atrophy, increased gap around neurons, mild demyelination and vacuolar degeneration both in groups B and C at 48 h after injury. Pathological changes deteriorated at 72 h after injury., Conclusion: The results of behavioral evaluation, radiographic images and pathological examination reveal an evidence of acute spinal cord injury. Percutaneous epidural balloon catheter insertion differs from previous techniques by avoiding surgical exposure and associated artifacts, yet it offers injury mechanisms similar to those of human spinal cord injury. As a new means of modeling spinal cord injury in animals, this technique has many potential applications.

Objective: To study the selective cytotoxic effect of lentivirus-mediated double suicide gene (CD/TK) against human gastric carcinoma cells SGC-7901 in vitro., Methods: SGC-7901 cells were infected with FGW-KDRP-CD/TK vector and the infection efficiency was observed under a fluorescence microscope. The morphological changes of the infected cells were observed by Giemsa staining. Flow cytometry (FCM) was employed for cell cycle analysis, and the expression of CD/TK was detected by RT-PCR. The infected cells were then treated with the prodrugs ganciclovir (GCV) and/or 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) at different concentrations, and the cytotoxic effects were evaluated using MTT method., Results: The infection efficiency of the lentiviral vector in SGC-7901 cells increased with the titer of the virus, which produced no significant effect on the cancer cell morphology in vitro or on the percentages of G0-G1, G2-M and S phase cells (P>0.05). RT-PCR demonstrated the expression of CD/TK gene in SGC-7901 cells infected by FGW-KDRP-CD/TK. The infected cells were highly sensitive to the prodrugs with a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect within a specific concentration range of the drugs, whereas the non-infected cells were not sensitive to the prodrugs. Combined use of the two prodrugs produced an obviously stronger inhibitory effect than either of the them (P<0.05). When combined, GCV and 5-FC at the concentration of 0.1+40, 1+80, 10+160, and 100+320 mg/L demonstrated a synergetic effect with a CDI<1., Conclusion: Lentivirus-mediated CD/TK fusion gene system can selectively kill gastric cancer cells, and the two prodrugs show a synergistic cytotoxic effect.

Objective: To find out the nasendoscopic changes of velopharyngeal configuration and movement after palatoplasty with or without velopharyngeal muscle reconstruction., Methods: The nasendoscopy was taken in forty-one patients with palatoplasty, 22 repaired by velopharyngeal muscle reconstruction and 19 with modified von Langenbeck's procedure (non-reconstructive group)., Results: In patients with velopharyngeal muscle reconstruction, the velopharyngeal ports are smooth and full with a definite reduction in size than patients without velopharyngeal muscle reconstruction. During phonation, the complete and marginal velopharyngeal competence rate in reconstructive group (90.91%) is higher than the group of non-reconstruction (37.31%) The major velopharyngeal closure is circular movement in reconstructive group, otherwise coronal closure in nonconstructive group., Conclusions: Based the observation of nasendoscopy, the velopharyngeal muscle reconstruction in palatoplasty has more definite improvement to velopharyngeal closure than non-reconstructive procedure. Palatoplasty with velopharyngeal muscle reconstruction could reduce the size of velopharyngeal port and make the complete velopharyngeal closure easier.

Objective: To study the cellular phenotype conversion of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cocultured with human sweat gland cells (SGCs) and the contribution of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in the process., Methods: MSC and SGC were isolated, amplified , and identified with two-step immunohistochemistry method. The primary SGCs were heat-shocked at 47 degrees C. Then the supernatants were collected immediately and 24hr later. The 3rd passage of MSCs were divided into control, SGC supernatant (cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing 30% SGC supernatant), SGC supernatant + EGF (cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing 30% SGC supernatant and 50 microg/L EGF), and SGC supernatant + PD98059 (cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 medium containing 30% SGC supernatant and 10 micromol/L PD98059) groups. The positive expression of CK7and CEA in MSCs were detected on the 7th post-stimulation day (PSD) by flow cytometry. The expression of ERK and phosphorylated ERK were determined with Western blotting., Results: The positive expression rate of CK7 and CEA was (5.76 +/-0.10)%, (2.01 +/- 0.09)% in SGC supernatant group; (7.31 +/- 0.21)% and (7.27 +/- 0.12)% in SGC supernatant + EGF group; and (1.63 +/- 0.11)%, (1.54 +/- 0.07)% in SGC supernatant + PD98059 group; they were all obviously higher than that in control group (P < 0.01). Moreover, ERK expression was observed in all groups. The expression of pERK in SGC supernatant + EGF group was higher than that in SGC supernatant group, but almost no expression of pERK was found in the SGC supernatant + PD98059 and control groups., Conclusion: Indirect coculture of MSCs with SGCs can induce the phenotype conversion of MSCs through ERK pathway.

Objective: To evaluate a method for the reconstruction of defects of perineum and groin with pedicled anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous flaps., Methods: From July 2003 to February 2005, 12 pedicled anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous flap based on the perforators of lateral circumflex femoral artery had been designed and transferred to the defects of perineum and groin., Results: Anterolateral thigh fasciocutaneous island flaps were performed in twelve patients. The size of the transferred flap ranged from 8 cm x 11 cm to 18 cm x 20 cm. Only one patient developed superficial cutaneous necrosis in the posterior aspect of the flap because of fecal contamination and infection. The wounds healed secondarily., Conclusions: Despite variable vascular anatomy and technical difficulties in elevating the anterolateral thigh flap, the anterolateral thigh flap is a good choice for perineum and groin reconstruction.

Larva and adult of Phthirus pubis were dehydrated and transparentized. Photos were taken separately and synthesized to integrated photograph with computer for morphological observation and measurement.

Objective: To evaluate the aesthetic outcome after application of rectangle periosteous flap to cover corrugator., Methods: On the basis of regular rhytidectomy, a inter-eyebrow periosteous flap is applied to cover the fascia flap of corrugator by means of turnover. This manipulation helps to separate the skin from the muscle and prevent the re-adherence between the skin and muscle., Results: The approach was applied on 15 cases. The follow-up ranged from 6 months to 1 year. The results were satisfactory., Conclusions: The method is effective in elimination of inter-eyebrow crease.

Objective: To analysis various complications of 30 patients of breast augmentation by injected polyacrylamide hydrogel and discuss the treatment through periareolar incision., Methods: All patients were classified according to the different complications. Open suction technique and partial mastectomies via periareolar incisions were performed in all patients, Only one patient had immediately breast reconstruction with prosthesis, five patients received secondarily breast prostheses implantation via a axillary incision., Result: All the symptoms were relieved after remove of polyacrylamide hydrogel., Conclusions: Polyacrylamide hydrogel should be prohibited for injected breast augmentation at present. A double-blinded randomized clinical study, controlled animal experiments and a large sample questionnaire survey for complications are necessary. The periareolar approach is valuable technique and can remove polyacrylamide hydrogel as completely as possible.

Objective: To explore a new method to reconstruct the defect of the distal foot., Methods: A distally based dorsum pedis island flap pedicled with the first dorsal metatarsal artery was designed and transferred to the defect of the distal foot., Results: Five patients were treated with this flap, which ranged from 2 cm x 4 cm to 6 cm x 7 cm in size. Four flaps survived completely, one flap had marginal necrosis and healed after conservative therapy., Conclusions: The reverse first dorsal metatarsal artery flap, with good blood circulation and easy manipulation, is a good option for the defects of the distal foot.

Objective: To find a procedure for facial rejuvenation which is simple, safe with lasting aesthetic results based on facial anatomic study., Methods: Anatomy study was performed on 12 sides from 6 head specimens. Observe the range and thickness of fat lateral to the nasolabial grooves. Observed the location of the skin retaining ligaments and reappraised their functions combining with clinical observations., Results: Skin and subcutis and SMAS (including mimic muscles) become slackening with aging, but the loosening degrees are different, especially in the region lateral to the nasolabial groove. So they should be handled respectively. The fat lateral to the nasolabial groove is thick and is mobile with aging . So the subcutaneous detachment need not beyond the anterior border of the masseter. In the past two years, we performed rhytidectomy on 100 patients by limited subcutaneous detachment and SMAS double-plication. Satisfactory results were obtained. There are no serious complications observed., Conclusions: Rhytidectomy by limited subcutaneous detachment and SMAS double-plication is a simple and safe procedure with lasting aesthetic results.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of palatoplasty with or without velopharyngeal muscular reconstruction on the velopharyngeal closure under the lateral radiography., Methods: The lateral radiographs and cephalometric analysis were taken in sixty-two patients with cleft palate and velopharyngeal insufficiency, 32 repaired with velopharyngeal muscular reconstruction and 30 with modified von Langenbeck's procedure (non-reconstructive group)., Results: In patients with velopharyngeal muscular reconstruction, the velopharyngeal competence, the reductive rate of nasopharynx, the distance reduction in lower part of the mobile nasopharynx during phonation and the distance in middle part of mobile nasopharyngo in rest were superior to that without velopharyngeal muscular reconstruction, and there were variform PPW eminence-soft palate contact in velopharyngeal closure. The patients with complete or good velopharyngeal closure had a definite reduction in nasopharynx, compared to the patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency in the non-reconstructive group., Conclusions: The functional area for velopharyngeal closure after palatoplasty might be located in the middle part of mobile nasopharynx. The velopharyngeal muscular reconstruction in palatoplasty could reduce the size of nasopharynx and improve the coordination movement of velopharyngeal closure.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of exteral use of papaverine cream on enhancement of skin graft., Methods: Five mini-pigs were used for the study. 20 full-thickness wounds were created on the back of each animal. Along the midline of the abdomen, a 40 cm x 2 cm full-thickness skin graft was harvested and the wound sutured.The full-thickness graft was prepared and trimmed to 2 cm x 2 cm of 0.6 mm thickness split-skin grafts, which were transplanted to each wound with tie-over bolsters. The sutures were removed 2 weeks after the operation. Twelve pairs of 100%-survived skin grafts were selected and divided into group A (the left side) and group B (the right side), with each pair locating on the same and opposite position. From the day of suture removal, 2% papaverine cream was used to group A while plain cream was used to group B. The grafts were measured and observed for healing condition at the time of suture removal and the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth month. The surface area of the graft was measured and the shrinking ratio was calculated. After the animals were killed at the sixth month, samples of the skin grafts were taken and processed with 10% formalin, routine paraffin wax and Hematoxylin-eosin staining. The tissue structure was observed and the results were analyzed statistically., Results: The grafts in two groups did not have significant differences at the time of suture removal. Observations from the first to the sixth month showed that the two groups had significant differences in skin graft contracture and histological changes. HE stains demonstrated that the skin grafts in group A had less fibroblasts, more microvessels and orderly-arranged collagenous fibers., Conclusions: External use of papaverine cream can inhabit the contraction of skin grafts. It is a safe, effective, simple, and reliable method,which has the advantages of easy delivery,cheapness, less injury and infection,and no side effects.

Objective: To investigate the expression of the estrogen receptors(ER) in breast hypertrophy and micromastia., Methods: The quantity of ER within breast tissue in 13 patients with mammary hypertrophy strictly elected was determined using DCC single dot test. The results were compared with that measured in 13 patients with micromastia., Results: The average of the quantity of the ER was respectively (5.33 +/- 5.70) fmol/mg and (1.17 +/- 0.86) fmol/mg in mammary hypertrophy ground and in the micromastia group. There was obvious significant between the two groups in a statistics basis (P < 0.05) ., Conclusions: The breast hypertrophy is related to the excessive expression of ER within breast tissue,while the micromastia and breast hypotrophy are related to the lower level or the expression inhibition of ER.

Objective: This experiment is to test the survival enhance effect of leptin in grainy fat transplantation., Methods: The 0.6 g grainy fat was obtained from the Wistar mouse subcutaneous tissue in the abdomen. It was then mixed with 0.9% NS and 20 ng/ml leptin and transplanted in the head subcutaneously. The transplanted tissue was taken out after 10, 20 and 40 days. After being weighed, the tissue was dyed with HE staining and VEGF staining. The data was analyzed with SPSS software., Results: The fibrous membrane around the tissue in leptin group was thin and there was less fat cell necrosis, compared with the control group. The remained-weight rate was 108.3%, 83.3% and 66.3% in 10, 20 and 40 days after the surgery. The differences were statistic significant between the leptin groups and the control (P < 0.05). The examinations of the HE and VEGF stain showed that there was the rich vascularization in leptin treated tissue., Conclusion: Leptin could enhance the survival of the transplanted grainy fat due to its angiogenesis effect.

Objective: To study the polypropylene mesh acted for the moulding and support., Methods: Four mini-pigs were used in this experimental research. A polypropylene mesh was implanted under the skin on one side of each pig. An expander was thereafter placed in the deep layer to imitate the action of gravity to the skin and mesh. The specimens were collected in two different times for the biomechanics and histology examinations., Results: The biomechanical data were shown lower and the histological properties were found changeable in the expanded skin without the mesh support, compared with the normal skin. However, the changes did not occur in the expanded skin with the mesh support. Furthermore, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the polypropylene mesh were significant less than the human skin., Conclusion: The Polypropylene mesh could prevent the extended skin effectively and has moulding and support effects.

Objective: To evaluate a technique for decreasing the tension of the nasal floor during the procedures of repairing complete clef lip., Methods: With the designation of an inferior turbinate mucosal flap combined with an oral mucosal flap in the splitting side, the tension was effectively decreased and the nasal floor was closed easily. Eighteen patients was selected for the treatment with this technique since 2000. The follow-ups were 10 to 24 months., Results: All of the patients showed wound healing well with the significant improvement in the donor site., Conclusion: The above mentioned technique may effectively decrease the tension and be used to close the nasal floor safely. It could also reduce the incidence of the complications.

Objective: To investigate the behaviors of the children suffered from the secondary deformity after the repair of the cleft lip., Methods: With the application of the PCPI, eighty patients with the secondary deformity after the repair of the cleft lip were selected in this study and 134 normal children was used for the control., Results: In the age between 6 and 11 years, there were no significant difference of the behaviors between the children suffered from secondary deformity of cleft lip and the normal children,but in the age from 12 to 16, the children with the deformity showed more behavior problems with the social withdraw and the poor social relationships, compared with the normal children., Conclusion: The children with the secondary deformity after cleft lip repair in adolescence could have the tendency to suffer from the behavior problems, especially showing the social withdraw and the poor social relationships.

Objective: To study the applications of bone grafts from the cranium or mandible in the repair of posttraumatic deformities of the nose., Methods: From 1997 to 2002, a total of 44 patients, who presented with secondary nose deformity as well as facial fractures, were reconstructed by autogeneous outer table grafts of the calvarial or mandibular bone after facial skeleton reposition. In this series, 32 cases used the calvarial bone, 12 cases used the mandible bone, which was harvested through a coronal incision and an oral approach respectively., Results: The surgical incisions healed primarily in all patients with minimal scar. The facial appearance was greatly improved. No implant infection, extrusion and shift were observed in the postoperative follow-up of 6 months to 2 years. There was not obvious bone resorption, nor donor site morbidity., Conclusion: Autogeneous calvarial and mandibular bone was an ideal material of bone graft in reconstruction of severe posttraumatic deformities of the nose. Compared with other autogeneous and alloplastic materials, the outer table of the calvarial and mandibular bone produced less morbidity of the donor site, invisible scar, no rejection and less resorption.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to search for a perfect treatment for the complications after polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for augmentation mammaplasty., Methods: 48 patients who accepted polyacrylamide hydrogel injection for augmentation mammaplasty were included in this study. Operations were performed for the complications of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection. The clinical data were analyzed and the experience in the treatment of the complications was summarized., Results: All patients were satisfied with the result of the operation. The B-ultrasonic examination showed that no visible polyacrylamide hydrogel remained in the cavity., Conclusion: The best therapy for the complications of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection was removing of the polyacrylamide hydrogel and the pathologic tissue and irrigation of the cavity.

Objective: To improve the survival of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for prefabrication of an osteo-musculo-cutaneous flap., Methods: In a mouse model, the compound of MSCs and p(3HB-co-3HH) were embeded in the latissimus dorsi muscle as an experimental group and the muscle pocket of the buttock as the control. The examinations of the HE staining, hybridization in situ of osteonectin mRNA and Von kossa staining were used to evaluate the results., Results: The expression of osteonectin mRNA and the Von kossa staining showed that the latissimus dorsi muscle group was superior to the control in 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the surgery in vivo., Conclusion: The results indicate that the above-mentioned technique may be a good alternative for the prefabrication of the osteo-musculo-cutaneous flap.

Objective: To evaluate the collagen changes of allografting an acellular dermal matrix (allo-ADM)., Methods: The allo-ADM was grafted underneath the skin of SD rats. The content of collagen and the proportion of type I to III collagen was examined with a biochemical assay., Result: The content of collagen and the proportion of type I to III collagen in the allo-ADM group showed no significant changes., Conclusion: The allo-ADM could keep long time in the body and it may be an ideal material for soft tissue filling.