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Metallic magnetic calorimeters are a class of low-temperature particle detectors based on calorimetry，utilizing metallic paramagnetic temperature sensors to convert the temperature rise of an absorber upon the absorption of incident particle energy into a change in magnetic flux，which detected by a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). This process enables high-resolution measurements of radiation with exceptional precision. However，metallic magnetic calorimeter signals are inherently weak and highly susceptible to noise，making the extraction of pulse amplitude a significant challenge. Digital signal processing (DSP) plays a crucial role in the data processing of metallic magnetic calorimeter by employing digital filtering techniques to shape the signals and enhance energy resolution. This paper introduces a data acquisition system for metallic magnetic calorimeter based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)，designed for high-speed signal acquisition，real-time control，signal processing，and display of spectra through an upper computer. Testing of the system yielded successful acquisition of both Co-60 spectra data and noise spectrum of metallic magnetic calorimeter. The linear correlation coefficient of R2 reached 0.9781，demonstrates the system’s effective signal acquisition capability. In offline mode，the shaping effects and energy resolution enhancement of traditional nuclear detector signals，simulated，and actual metallic magnetic calorimeter signals were compared using three filtering methods: trapezoidal，cusp，and gaussian filtering. The cusp filter proved to be the most effective，significantly improving the energy resolution of high-purity germanium spectra from 0.598 keV to 0.536 keV. This enhancement validates the correctness of digital signal processing and provides a reliable basis for the selection of digital filtering methods for metallic magnetic calorimeter. In summary，our research presents a comprehensive approach to metallic magnetic calorimeter signal acquisition and processing，highlighting the potential of digital signal processing to overcome the problem of the extraction of weak signals submerged in strong noise. The FPGA-based data acquisition system developed in this study offers an efficient solution for high-resolution radiation measurements.

Objective The short-term clinical effects of two kinds of normal temperature flow root sealers (the calcium silicate-based sealer iRoot SP and the siloxane-based sealer GuttaFlow2) combined with single point filling technology and a frequently-used sealing agent (AH Plus) combined with continuous wave hot tooth filling technology were evaluated. Methods A total of 279 teeth (656 root canals) were randomly divided into three groups: the iRoot SP group, GuttaFlow2 group and AH plus group. We recorded the filling time of each root canal, collected a digital dental film to evaluate the filling effect of each root canal, and conducted a follow-up visit one week and one month after the operation to record the incidence of pain. We used SPSS 18.0 to analyze the above data. Results There was no significant difference in the root canal filling effect among the three groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the filling time between the iRoot SP group and the GuttaFlow2 group (P > 0.05), but the filling time was significantly shorter in the AH Plus group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the postoperative pain between the iRoot SP group and the GuttaFlow2 group (P > 0.05), and the incidence of pain in the iRoot SP group and the GuttaFlow2 group was lower than that in the AH Plus group (P < 0.05). Conclusions GuttaFlow2 and iRoot SP combined with single point filling technology can save filling time and obtain good clinical effects compared with frequently-used hot tooth filling technology and the incidence of postoperative pain was low.

As the first commercial cryptographic algorithm in China, SM4 algorithm is widely used in data encryption storage and information encryption communication and other fields due to its advantages of simple and easy implementation of algorithm structure, fast encryption and decryption speed and high security. With the variable pipeline stage SM4 encryption and decryption algorithm hardware design and FPGA implementation as the research topic, this study focuses on the performance differences in designs with different pipeline stages. A controllable pipeline stage SM4 encryption and decryption circuit is designed and encapsulated into an IP core with AXI and APB interfaces. Based on XILINX ZYNQ devices, a small SoC is constructed on the XILINX ZYNQ7020 development board, and the designed SM4 IP core is mounted onto the AXI bus for simulating real-world scenarios and conducting performance tests. The correctness of the design functionary is verified by comparing software encryption and decryption data with simulated data. Testing the performance of different pipeline stages helps identify the most suitable pipeline stage number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo describe the disease burden of dementia in thirteen countries along the Belt and Road Initiative and to predict the epidemiological trend of dementia in China to provide evidence for the development of dementia prevention and control strategies. MethodsData of the disease burden of dementia from 1990 to 2019 in 13 countries along the Belt and Road Initiative were collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2019. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was taken to describe the changing trend in the standardized rate of dementia incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for each country; gender-specific dementia mortality attributable to major risk factors in 2019 was estimated and compared for the countries. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was constructed using the R language to predict dementia incidence and mortality in China from 2020 to 2029. ResultsFrom 1990 to 2019, the standardized incidence rate (1/100 000) of dementia in China increased from 90.44 to 103.83, with an EAPC of 0.33%, the highest increase among the 13 countries along the Belt and Road Initiative, showing the most significant upward trend. The fastest growth in standardized mortality rate and standardized DALYs rate was found in India, with EAPCs of 0.76% and 0.53%, respectively. The ARIMA model predicts that from 2020 to 2029, the standardized incidence rate of dementia in China will increase by 2.3%, while the standardized mortality rate will decrease by 1.3%. ConclusionSince 1990, the disease burden of dementia has been steadily increasing in most of the 13 countries along the Belt and Road Initiative. These countries should urgently formulate appropriate dementia prevention and treatment plans and prioritize them in the public health sector.

High-purity bearing steel powders were prepared by electrode induction melting gas atomization (EIGA) and plasma rotating electrode atomization (PREP), respectively. The particle size distribution, nitrogen and oxygen content, and microstructure of the two high-purity bearing steel powders were analyzed and compared by laser particle size analyzer, oxygen nitrogen analyzer, and scanning electron microscope. The results show that both of the powders are mainly spherical with the PREP powders (M62-PREP) having the higher sphericity, while the EIGA powders (M62-EIGA) has the higher proportion of satellite powders and irregular powders. The median particle size (D50) of the M62-PREP powders is 108.11 μm, significantly higher than that of M62-EIGA powders (D50=38.68 μm). The composition of the two powders is evenly distributed, there is no obvious element segregation, and the M62-EIGA powders are finer. Both of the powders have the good flowability. The N content (mass fraction) of the pre-alloy electrode rods, M62-PREP powders, and M62-EIGA powders are 0.0070%, 0.0072%, and 0.0068%, respectively. The content of N element does not change much. The O content (mass fraction) of M62-PREP powders increases from 0.0008% of the pre-alloy electrode rods to 0.0035%, while the O content of M62-EIGA powders increases to 0.0089%, indicating the significant increase in the O content. The M62-EIGA powder bearing steels after hot isostatic pressing and sintering have the more oxygen containing inclusions, and the M62-PREP powder bearing steels should have the better performance.

S590 powder metallurgy high speed steels (S590 HSS) were prepared by plasma rotating electrode atomization and hot isostatic pressing. The S590 HSS samples were quenched at 1050, 1100, 1150, and 1180 ℃, respectively, followed by the tempering at 550 ℃ for 1 h (once), −196 ℃ cryogenic treatment for 4 h (once), and tempering at 550 ℃ for 1 h (twice). The effect of quenching temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of S590 HSS was studied. The results show that, the microstructure of S590 HSS after the heat treatments mainly consists of martensite, M6C carbides, and MC carbides. With the increase of quenching temperature, the carbides gradually dissolve into the matrix, the carbide content decreases, and the matrix grain size increases. The hardness and compressive strength of S590 HSS increase with the increase of quenching temperature. After quenching at 1180 ℃ and the subsequent heat treatments, the hardness of S590 HSS is up to HRC 67.8, and the compressive strength is 3827 MPa. With the increase of quenching temperature, the bending strength first increases and then decreases, and the impact toughness decreases. The bending strength of the samples quenched at 1100 ℃ reaches the highest as 5473 MPa. The impact toughness of the samples quenched at 1050 ℃ reaches the highest as 76.9 J·cm−2. Considering the microstructure and mechanical properties, the optimum quenching temperature of S590 HSS is 1100 ℃.

Post⁃stroke epilepsy (PSE) patients generally respond well to low⁃dose antiepileptic seizure medicine (ASM), but some patients still develop drug⁃resistant epilepsy (DRE). Thus, the development of effective drugs that can prevent or reverse epilepsy and disease modifying therapy (DMT) drugs are urgently needed. It was proved that new ASM such as levetiracetam (LVT), lamotrigine (LTG) and zonisamide, natural compounds such as cannabidiol and polyphenolic compounds, mitochondrial antioxidants and non⁃steroidal anti⁃inflammatory drug (NSAID) can not only control seizure but also intervene the occurrence of PSE, playing anti⁃epileptogenic and DMT role. This article intends to further summarize DMT drugs for PSE, providing new research ideas for PSE modifying therapy.

With the development and application of 5G network, the amount of traffic in network increased rapidly, which caused the lack of bandwidth resource. In order to improve the utilization of network resource and satisfy the critical user requirement for QoS (quality of service), a novel traffic engineering algorithm based on deep learning in SDN was proposed. At last, simulation results show that the proposed algorithm not only can calculate an efficient path for service in real time, but also can improve the QoS and the utilization of network resource, as well as reduce network congestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To identify ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) with aid of deep learning technology for endoscopists. Methods From January 2018 to November 2020, the endoscopic images of 1 576 subjects (including 34 300 CD, UC and normal images) were collected from the Department of Gastroenterology of Army Medical Center of PLA and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital.The training set and test set were randomly divided according to the ratio of 9:1 to train and test the neural network.A novel spatial and bilinear deep network (SABA-ResNet) was constructed on the basis of ResNet50.The spatial attention mechanism was introduced, and the receptive field was expanded by dilated convolution to leverage contextual information, which was combined with the local induction of standard convolution to adaptively focus the lesion region.Bilinear attention was applied to improve the feature representation ability of the network, and the second-order information was used to weight the channel information of the feature map, so as to improve the classification performance of the model. Results The overall accuracy of SABA-ResNet for the recognition of CD, UC and normal tissues on the test set was 92.67%(95%CI: 91.91~93.37), the AUC value was 0.978(95%CI: 0.972~0.983), 0.977(95%CI: 0.971~0.982) and 0.999(95%CI: 0.998~1.000), the sensitivity was 88.40%, 89.07% and 98.89%, the specificity was 95.49%, 94.88% and 98.93%, and the F1 value was 88.80%, 89.01% and 98.60%, respectively.The ablation experiment and the class activation map suggested that spatial attention and bilinear attention could help the model capture more features of the lesion region. Conclusion Our constructed network combines spatial attention and bilinear attention, achieves excellent performance in the recognition of CD, UC and normal tissue, and effectively assist endoscopists in the diagnosis of UC and CD.

[Purpose/Significance] The emergence of the metaverse has brought new opportunities to the development of libraries, which can not only solve many challenges and problems faced by libraries since the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, but also promote the construction of smart libraries to a higher stage of development. [Method/Process] Based on literature research and online survey, this paper focuses on the connotation and characteristics of the metaverse library, constructs the application scenarios of the university metaverse library, and finally discuses the opportunities and challenges faced by the construction of the metaverse library. [Results/Conclusions] In September 2022, the China National Committee for Terminology in Science and Technology (CNTERM) invited more than 20 experts to discuss the metaverse and the concept of core terms and reached a consensus. Metaverse is a virtual world that can interact with the real world by mapping or surpassing the real world, which is constructed by human using digital technology. The metaverse library uses cloud computing, artificial intelligence, blockchain, VR/AR and other technologies as the means to build the virtual space of library services, and is combined with the real space services to provide readers with immersive experience and encourage readers to participate in the virtual community of library resource production. It has eight characteristics: immersive experience, integration of virtual and reality, human-computer interaction, multi-source information resources, space-time expansion, social network, reader economy, and thought twinning and storage. University metaverse library is an important component of Metaverse Library and a service system of university libraries in virtual space. It has the characteristics of Metaverse Library and its own characteristics. The university metaverse library will break the service mode of the real space library, and the learning experience of readers in the library will be more game-like, immersive, simple to operate, strong gain in reality and so on, which fully reflects the concept of "reader-centered". To be specific, the university metaverse library mainly has five application scenarios: virtual digital human exchange, immersive panoramic reading and space experience, librarian avatar interaction, community interaction, and reader creation to reader economy interaction. But the new technology is not yet perfect. The construction of metaverse virtual space resources is difficult; there is a lack of constraints and norms in virtual space reader behavior; the traditional library business will be impacted and other problems are the possible challenges in the process of constructing the university metaverse library. To get out of the dilemma, we need to establish a research team to enrich the practice of new technology in the library, give full play to library technical expertise to solve the problem of resource construction, use laws and regulations to restrict readers' behavior, and promote active use of services to drive the traditional library business.

It is a critical issue to detect dynamic communities and track their evolution process in online social networks, which can help the controller understand the latent topology, discover anomaly events, predict its evolution trend and control the networks. Firstly, the current flaws of dynamic community detection and its evolution were analyzed. And then a novel approach of dynamic evolution of communities was proposed, including community extract in each time snapshot based on a static community mining algorithm, the calculation of evolution influence between the neighboring snapshots in the community, and generating the evolution process of community structure among continuous snapshots. Finally, tests were carried out based on the large-scale data-sets (e. g. Micro-blog, Gnutella) to validate the approach. The results show the high effectiveness of the approach in community evolution analyzing. In add-on, the experiments also analyze the frequency, at which the social network nodes appear and disappear, will affect the community stability and the evolution of the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundTypical transient accidents pose a great challenge to the safe operation of lead-bismuth fast reactors.PurposeThis study aims to apply uncertainty analysis methods to transient calculations to reduce the "uncertainty band" of transient parameters and obtain more accurately assess reactor safety characteristics.MethodBased on the self-developed fast reactor analysis CFD/PFS code, non-parametric statistical methods was employed to carry out the uncertainty analysis of the unprotected overpower accident (UTOP) of small natural circulation lead-bismuth cooled fast reactor. Three types of uncertain input parameters, i.e., thermal-hydraulic model parameters, neutron physical model parameters, and fuel manufacturing tolerances, were considered according to the literature and engineering experience. Based on the uncertainty analysis procedure SIMLAB, the Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) was carried out for the input parameters, and the uncertainty of the transient safety parameters was quantitatively analyzed. Finally, the sensitivity of the input parameters to the transient safety parameters was evaluated by the correlation coefficient analysis method.Results & ConclusionComputational results show that uncertainty bands of target parameters, such as peak cladding temperature and peak fuel temperature, can all envelop the nominal value. The maximum tolerance of peak fuel temperature is 2 757.25 K, and the maximum tolerance of peak cladding temperature is 1 208.66 K. The analysis results indicate that the fuel average temperature and the reactivity feedback coefficient are the main sources of uncertainty.

According to the requirements for underground multi-system fusion of Technology schemes of upgrading of coal mine safety monitoring and control system, and for the problem that fusion degree of underground monitoring and control system was not high, a new fusion sub-station with multi-communication interface and multi-sensor interface was designed. Based on the new fusion sub-station, an underground multi-system fusion method for coal mine safety monitoring and control was proposed. The fusion method adopts the new fusion sub-station to realize link level fusion, device level fusion and shared data level fusion according to field equipment acquisition interfaces, communication interfaces and fusion degree of different systems. The link level fusion can realize fusion of multiple sensor acquisition interfaces, device level fusion can realize equipment fusion of different systems, shared data level fusion can realize data sharing between different systems.

Objective: To analyze left atrial normal myocardial diastolic function by real-time three plane (real-time tri-plane) quantitative tissue velocity imaging(QTVI), and investigate normal value range in the different ages. Methods: 202 healthy volunteers are divided into three groups: A group:≤ 44-year-old (63 cases), B group:45~59-year-old(87 cases), and C group:≤ 60-year-old(52 cases). Synchronous measurement of myocardial tissue motion contraction period velocity(Vs), early diastolic myocardial velocity (Ve), late diastolic myocardial tissue motion velocity (Va) of the left atrial basal segment six walls (atrial septum, lateral wall, anterior wall, inferior wall, anterior septum, posterior wall by real-time tri-plane oftissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and QTVI in software technology, and calculating values of 95% confidence interval of walls at different phases, analyzing characteristics of velocity of myocardial motion in the different walls at the same phase. Results: The measurements of left atrial myocardial motion velocity of different walls during the same phase in different age groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). The measurements of left atrial myocardial motion velocity of different walls during Vs, Ve phase in A, B and C groups had no significant difference (P>0.05), the measurements of left atrial myocardial motion velocity of the same walls during Va phase in A and B groups had no significant difference (P>0.05), and the difference was evident in A and C groups B and C groups (P< 0.05). By the A group and B group integration for D group, the 95% confidence interval in D and C groups during systolic, early diastolic, and late diastolic periods, lateral wall, anterior wall, inferior wall, anterior septum, posterior wall of left atrium myocardial tissue motion velocity were: D group (4.73~5.17, -7.49~-5.83, - 5.57~ -4.62) cm/s, (5.93~6.82, - 8.75~ -6.93, -6.31~-5.26)cm/s, (5.31~6.22, -7.89 - -6.23, -6.03~-4.91)cm/s, (4.24~5.18, - 6.98~-5.42, - 6.01~-4.87)cm/s, (4.94- 5.13, -7.23- -6.11, -5.76~ -4.71)cm/s, (5.15-6.17, -7.15~-5.44, -6.05~ -4.88)cm/s; C group(4.83- 5.48, -7.23~ -5.95, -5.63~ -4.67)cm/s, (5.97-6.99, -8.70~ -7.03, - 6.36~-5.28)cm/s, (5.5 3 - 6.31, -7.99~ -6.29,-6.09~-4.99)cm/s, (4.86- 5.21, -6.94~ -5.48, -6.04~ -4.91)cm/s, (5.53- 6.31, -7.99~ -6.29, -6.09~ -4.99)cm/s, (5.23- 6.25, -7.08~ -5.47, -6.08~ -4.90)cm/s. Conclusion: Real-time tri-plane QTVI technology has potential role in evaluating left atrial mechanical function ofnormal people quantitatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3DGradient Vector Flow(GVF)field has wide applications in many image processing algorithms. The computation of GVF field typically needs several iterations and is rather time consuming. Therefore, it is important and meaningful to improve the computation speed of 3DGVF field. The data level parallelism and thread level parallelism are introduced to accelerate the GVF field computation procedure on Intel Xeon Phi many core integrated platform for the first time. Meanwhile, GVF field computation is a kind of stencil computation, whose computation-memory access ratio is low. A novel cache blocking strategy is proposed to fully utilize the L2 cache of Xeon Phi architecture, and to improve the computation speed of GVF field. The experimental results show that the proposed optimizations could effectively improve the speed of GVF filed computation. Especially, for a 512³ 3Dimage, compared with the performance obtained by a 2. 6GHz 8core 16 threads Intel Xeon E5-2670 CPU, the speedup achieved on Xeon Phi is 2. 77 X. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional coupled and self-adaptive fingers realize firstly coupling and secondly self-adaptive hybrid grasping mode with three springs and two sets of independently transmission mechanisms,which have disadvantages of complexity in mechanisms,huge consuming in power,and difficulty in spring selection.Aiming at the problem,a novel coupled and self-adaptive underactuated finger mechanism,called COSA-LET finger is designed. The COSA-LET finer includes multiple racks,two toggle blocks,two limiting blocks,and two springs,which has two joints driven by one motor and a serial transmission mechanism. The coupling function of COSA-LET finger is realized by two opposite-direction racks,and a gear with a spring and a limiting block,the de-coupling problem of the finger in the self-adaptive stage is solved by dividing torque of the motor into two joint shafts with a spring and the delay-ticking transmission effect of two toggle blocks in linear empty-trip racks. Grasping force analysis and experimental results show that the COSA-LET robotic hand with three COSA-LET fingers has the coupled and self-adaptive hybrid grasping function,enable to adapt objects of different shapes and sizes,autonomously switch between the coupled mode and the self-adaptive mode.

Bacterial quorum sensing ( QS) in the rhizosphere soil of soybean in acid soil was studied with pot and laboratory experiments. N - acyl - homoserine lactone (AHL) was one of QS signal molecules, it was extracted from the rhizosphere and bulk soils of aluminum (Al) - tolerant (BX10) and Al - sensitive (BD2) soybean genotypes cultured in acid soil, and was detected by Agrobacterium tumefaciens KYC55 ( pJZ372; pJZ384; pJZ410). The results showed that the AHL can be detected in the rhizosphere soil of soybeans; the AHLs activities in the rhizosphere soil were much higher than those in the bulk soil; the AHLs activities in the rhizosphere soil of BX10 were much higher than those of BD2 (P <0. 01 ) . Moreover, AHLs increased gradually during the process of soybean growth. The results of the laboratory experiments simulating the acid soil environment showed that different concentrations of Al significantly influenced the growth, the AHLs level, the production of exopolysaccharide and root hair adherence of Sinorhizobium sp. 1128, which further demonstrated the effects of aluminum stress on QS. This study facilitates the further studies about the molecular mechanism of interaction between plant and rhizosphere microbes in acid soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studied molecular identification and biological characteristics of 29 stains rhizobia isolated and purified from soybean nodules grown on different acidic soils with different soybean cultivation histories at Yingtan, Jiangxi province and Jinhua, Zhejiang province. The nifH gene fragment were amplified from 16 strains of 29 isolates. Sequence analysis of nifH showed that these strains belonged to the genus of Bradyrhizobium. Ten rhizobial strains were from Jinhua and showed no obviously difference among soybean cultivars. Six rhizobial strains were from the nodules of BX10 (A1 -tolerant) and BD2 (A1 -sensitive) at Yingtan and showed differences between these two soybean genotypes. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of nifH sequence, the species of selected soybean rhizobia were confirmed by 16S rDNA sequence analysis and rhizobial inoculants. Four rhizobial strains showed nodules in the roots of BX10 and BD2, and the growth curve and physiological and biochemical characteristics of them were further identified. Results suggested that dominant rhizobia in acidic soils showed regional differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As GLOBALFOUNDRIES continues design in 7 nm technology for high speed Serdes IP, it should be noted that the complexity of layout design has increased. New challenges include complex DRC verification and complex MPT methodology in the design flow. It is therefore important to develop a layout flow(addressing this challenge), which includes new features of EDA tools (always important to the design). For example: Cadence Virtuoso Interactive Physical Verification System(VIPVS). This enables real time sign-off quality DRC checks, shortens the layout verification loop, and delivers rapid means for MPT coloring(a highlight of VIPVS). This paper will show how the GLOBALFOUNDRIES high speed Serdes layout team is using VIPVS(for rapid DRC checks and MPT coloring) in a high speed Serdes project designed in GLOBALFOUNDRIES 7 nm Finfet technology. The paper will include the verification flow and feature highlights, as well as usage of newly embedded VIPVS features.

Using data independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics, the composition and biological functions of differentially expressed proteins in raw milk during cold storage at 4 ℃ for up to 6 days were investigated. A total of 902 proteins were detected. Among them, 70 and 71 differentially expressed proteins were selected during the early (day 0 vs day 3) and late (day 3 vs day 6) stages of refrigeration, respectively. The differentially expressed proteins played an important role in the response to nerve growth factors and the regulation of cells and tissues at the early stage of refrigeration, and were mainly involved in the biological processes of cells. At the late stage of refrigeration, the differentially expressed proteins could regulate the metabolic processes of carbohydrate and RNA, and mainly participated in the sugar metabolic pathways. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis indicated that cell division control protein 42 homolog (CDC42) was the hub node protein for both refrigeration periods, which was closely related to phagocytosis. These findings revealed the compositional changes and functional diversity of functions in raw milk proteins during refrigeration, which will provide a theoretical basis for the cold storage of raw milk and be of great significance for the quality control of raw milk.

Small object detection has long been one of the most challenging problems in computer vision.Since small objects have the characteristics of small coverage area,low resolution,and lack of feature information,their detection effect is not ideal compared to large-sized objects.In recent years,the small object detection algorithm based on deep convolutional neural networks has developed vigorously,and been successfully used in fields such as satellite remote sensing and driverless vehicles.This survey makes a taxnomy,analysis and comparison of existing algorithms.First,the difficulties of small object detection and common detection datasets are introduced.Second,the existing detection algorithms are systematically described from five aspects:backbone network,pyramid structure,anchor design,optimization of object and a bag of species,to provide ideas for further improving the performance of small object detection algorithms.Then,we briefly summarize the existing small object detection algorithms and analyze their performance of the listed algorithm on common dataset.Finally,the application and the future research direction in the field of small object detection has been prospected.

The essence of image super-resolution reconstruction technology is to break through the limitation of hardware conditions, and reconstruct a high-resolution image from a low-resolution image which contains less infor-mation through the image super-resolution reconstruction algorithms. With the development of the technology on deep learning, deep learning has been introduced into the image super-resolution reconstruction field. This paper summarizes the image super-resolution reconstruction algorithms based on deep learning, classifies, analyzes and compares the typical algorithms. Firstly, the model framework, upsampling method, nonlinear mapping learning module and loss function of single image super-resolution reconstruction method are introduced in detail. Secondly, the reference-based super-resolution reconstruction method is analyzed from two aspects: pixel alignment and Patch matching. Then, the benchmark datasets and image quality evaluation indices used for image super-resolution recon-struction algorithms are summarized, the characteristics and performance of the typical super-resolution recons-truction algorithms are compared and analyzed. Finally, the future research trend on the image super-resolution reconstruction algorithms based on deep learning is prospected.

Occluded object detection has long been a difficulty and hot topic in the field of computer vision. Based on convolutional neural network, the deep learning takes the object detection task as a classification and regression task to handle, and obtains remarkable achievements. The mask confuses the features of object when the object is occluded, making the deep convolutional neural network cannot handle it well and reducing the performance of detector in ideal scenes. Considering the universality of occlusion in reality, the effective detection of occluded object has important research value. In order to further promote the development of occluded object detection, this paper makes a comprehensive summary of occluded object detection algorithms, and makes a reasonable classification and analysis. First of all, based on a simple overview of object detection, this paper introduces the relevant theoretic background, research difficulties and datasets about occluded object detection. After, this paper focuses on the algo-rithms to improve the performance of occluded object detection from the aspects of object structure, loss function, non-maximum suppression and semantic partial. This paper compares the performance of different detection algo-rithms after summarizing the relationship and development of various algorithms. Finally, this paper points out the difficulties of occluded object detection and looks forward to its future development directions.

In order to improve the corrosion inhibition performance and the application scope of o - phenanthroline derivatives, a new type of 1,2 - diphenyl - 1H - imidazo [4,5 - f][1,10] phenanthroline (HIP) corrosion inhibitor was synthesized by molecular design method. The corrosion inhibition effect on mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium and the adsorption behavior on the surface of mild steel were studied through weightlessness method, electrochemical method and scanning electron microscope. In addition, the adsorption thermodynamics of corrosion inhibitor molecules were analyzed, and the relationship between the molecular structure of HIP and corrosion inhibition performance was further studied by quantum chemical method. Results showed that HIP had good corrosion inhibition performance for mild steel in 1.0 mol/L HCl solution, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency was 97.0% under the temperature of 40 ℃ with the inhibitor concentration of 1.0 mmol/L. Moreover, the adsorption of HIP on the surface of mild steel was an exothermic reaction process belonging to Langmuir isotherm adsorption. The standard Gibbs free energy = -40.5 kJ/mol) on the surface of mild steel indicated that the adsorption of HIP on such surface was chemical adsorption. Meanwhile, the potentiodynamic polarization curve showed that HIP was a mixed corrosion inhibitor restraining both the cathode and the anode, but the corrosion current density changed little when the anode polarization exceeded - 300 mV. Besides, the theoretical calculation results were consistent with the experimental results.

Objective To evaluate the application of network training platform in standardized training of residents in radiology department in Beijing. Methods The radiology residents who took the Beijing phase I skill examination in 2018 were given lectures about one year before the examination. The data of the online training platform visits, number of visitors, watch time and audience were analyzed and organized. The results of the questionnaire survey on the use of the training platform were also analyzed. The questions include whether the candidates liked the online training method and whether the online training platform can supplement the case types of daily work. Results For video courses and PPT courses, the number of course visits was significantly higher than the number of visitors(P＜0.001). There was no significant difference between the duration of the course and the average actual viewing time. Visitors from departments other than radiology could be found in almost all courses. Generally, students like the online training platform and think that the training platform improves their learning efficiency and are helpful for their examination. In 2018, the scores and passing rate of the phase I examination for the standardized training of residents in the Beijing radiology department were 86% and 87.8% respectively, which were higher than that of 2017(84.5%,85.3%). Conclusions The network training platform is highly recognized in the standardized training of residents in radiology department and is helpful for residents to pass the phase I examination, which can be promoted in the future standardized training of radiology residents.

Unreasonable allocation of originally scarce bandwidth was a severe problem in the P2P content distribution networks.To solve the problem and suppress the node's selfishness,an auction-based bandwidth allocation mechanism for P2P networks was proposed.Through the effective bandwidth payment scheme,the selfish nodes had no incentives to lie and provided the real bandwidth requirements.Also the “tragedy of the commons” could be avoided by the nodes' healthy bandwidth competition.To adapt to the distributed nature of the P2P networks,the algorithm was implemented in parallel at resource providing nodes and request nodes.Simulation results show that the scheme not only suppresses riding nodes efficiently in the system,but also shortens the average completion time for content distribution and decreases the ratio of data uploaded by the source server.

Before data communications,every application protocol to handshake at application layer and transmit some parameters.This process is quite different according to the protocols,such as the packet direction,payload size and the information entropy of each packet payload.So according to these features,decision tree algorithm based on minimum partition distance was used to train the classifier.The results of the offline experiments on real network traces and the online classification experiments in campus network indicate that,analyzing the first four or six packets of each flow is enough to classify eight common used application protocols with high overall accuracy and low cost.Contrast to other machine learning algorithms,decision tree can achieve better ent traces and low classification time.So it is very suitable for real-time traffic classification.

A taxonomy of AQM schemes was presented, and typical AQM algorithms were compared in terms of a number of performance metrics under different traffic and network topology conditions based on the NS2 simulation platform. The main results of this paper include: ARED performs better than other algorithms; PI controller and REM responses slowly to dynamic traffic; AVQ without ECN support and REM can maintain lower queue length but at the cost of lower link utilization and higher packet loss rate; The performance of AVQ is significantly improved combined with ECN; Most AQM algorithm perform better in multiple bottleneck link topology.

Objective： To explore the influence of environment temperature on the incidence of testicular torsion., Methods: We collected the clinical data on 172 cases of testicular torsion diagnosed in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from December 2013 to December 2020. According to the local environment temperature on the day of onset, we divided the patients into groups A (below 0℃), B (0－10℃), C (10－20℃) and D (above 20℃), and compared the incidence rates of testicular torsion among the four groups, followed by correlation analysis., Results: The incidence rate of testicular torsion was 12.8% (n = 22) in group A, 35.5% (n = 61) in B, 34.9% (n = 60) in C and 16.9% (n = 29) in D, the highest at 0－10℃ in group B, with statistically significant difference among the four groups (χ2 = 29.07, P <0.001). Spearman correlation analysis indicated that the incidence of testicular torsion was negatively correlated with the environment temperature (r = －0.261, P <0.01), with no statistically significant difference among different seasons (χ2 = 5.349, P >0.05), but higher in autumn and winter than in the other two seasons., Conclusion: The incidence of testicular torsion is negatively correlated with the environment temperature, elevated when the temperature decreases, but has no statistically significant difference among different seasons, though relatively higher in autumn and winter.

Objective: Comparing the laparoscopic pyeloplasty via the mesocolon and para-colonic gutter approach for the treatment of pediatric pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction (UPJO) induced simple hydronephrosis, and analyzing the potential factors influencing surgical outcomes., Methods: Clinical data of 71 children with UPJO who underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty at the Department of Urology of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2020 to January 2023 were analyzed. The patients, aged 0.25 to 18 years, were divided into two groups: 30 cases underwent the transcolonic route (mesangial group) and 41 cases underwent the transcolonic paragutter route (paragrow group)., Results: showed that both surgical approaches had similar outcomes in terms of operation completion, smooth process, absence of laparotomy, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative feeding time, and postoperative drainage tube indwelling time, total hospitalization cost, surgical effect, and satisfaction. Common complications such as postoperative fever and abdominal pain were managed with drug treatment or observation, with no need for secondary surgery or fatal complications. Factors such as age, body mass index, preoperative symptoms, severity of hydronephrosis, and ABO blood group classification did not impact the surgical outcome., Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference between laparoscopic pyeloplasty and another surgical method in terms of various surgical outcomes for children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Factors such as age, body mass index, preoperative symptoms, severity of hydronephrosis, and ABO blood group classification did not have a significant impact on the surgical outcome.

Objective: The modified day surgery procedure was compared with traditional inpatient procedure and standard day surgery procedure of concealed penile surgery to investigate its advantages, as well as the feasibility of promoting it in our country., Methods: Retrospective analyzing the clinical data between 135 cases of the concealed penis in children who underwent modified day surgery (day group) and 101 cases who underwent hospitalization surgery (hospitalization group) at the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University and the results of follow-up.The modified day surgery procedure involves the establishment of dedicated day wards in each surgical department, where the patient's condition is monitored until 8 o'clock the following morning to assess their discharge eligibility.The children's clinical data was divided into two groups to compare clinical parameters, including age at surgery, bleeding volume, operation time, hospitalization expenses, day of hospitalization, and the occurrence of short-term complications before the initial dressing change after surgery.The satisfaction survey of the children was conducted among three distinct groups: the modified day group, the standard day group, and the hospitalization group enabling a comparison of satisfaction levels among these groups., Results: The mean ages of the inpatient and day surgery groups were 8.92±4.42 years old and 11.85±4.43 years old, respectively. No significant differences were observed between these two groups regarding operation time, bleeding volume, and postoperative complications (P>0.05). Compared to the inpatient group, the mean inpatient time and the hospitalization cost of the day group decreased by 69% and 27%, respectively (P<0.05). The patients in the modified procedure group reported the highest satisfaction among the three groups., Conclusion: Modified day surgery procedure offers advantages over the standard day surgery procedure and traditional inpatient surgical procedures for the operative treatment of the concealed penis, which makes it suitable for large-scale popularization in China.

Objectives: Fluorouracil chemotherapeutic drugs are the classic treatment drugs of gastric cancer. But the problem of drug resistance severely limits their clinical application. This study aims to investigate whether hypoxia microenvironment affects gastric cancer resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and discuss the changes of gene and proteins directly related to drug resistance under hypoxia condition., Methods: Gastric cancer cells were treated with 5-FU in hypoxia/normoxic environment, and were divided into a Normoxic+5-FU group and a Hypoxia+5-FU group. The apoptosis assay was conducted by flow cytometry Annexin V/PI double staining. The real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the expression level of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which were related to 5-FU drug-resistance. We analyzed the effect of hypoxia on the treatment of gastric cancer with 5-FU., Results: Compared with the Normoxic+5-FU group, the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells treated with 5-FU in the Hypoxia+5-FU group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the expression of apoptosis promoter protein caspase 8 was also decreased. Compared with the the Normoxic+5-FU group, HIF-1α mRNA expression in the Hypoxia+5-FU group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and the mRNA and protein expression levels of MDR1, P-gp and VEGF were also significantly increased (all P<0.05). The increased expression of MDR1, P-gp and VEGF had the same trend with the expression of HIF-1α., Conclusions: Hypoxia is a direct influencing factor in gastric cancer resistance to 5-FU chemotherapy. Improvement of the local hypoxia microenvironment of gastric cancer may be a new idea for overcoming the resistance to 5-FU in gastric cancer.

Objective: To explore the feasibility and safety of cryptorchidism surgery in the day surgery center., Methods: This retrospective study included 122 cases of unilateral low cryptorchidism (ULC) and 27 cases of bilateral low cryptorchidism (BLC) treated by orchidopexy from July 2018 to July 2022 in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University. We divided the patients with ULC into an Ad (day surgery following modified day surgical procedures) and an Ac (conventional surgery) group, and those with BLC into a Bd and a Bc group. We analyzed the clinical data and compared the surgical parameters and patients' satisfaction between different groups., Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the operation age, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, or postoperative complications between the Ad and Ac groups (P > 0.05), but the hospital stay and total cost were markedly reduced in the Ad group by 69% and 10%, respectively, compared with those in the Ac group (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed between the Bd and Bc groups in the operation age or intraoperative blood loss (P > 0.05), but the Bd group showed significant decreases in the operation time, hospital stay (62%) and total cost (14%) in comparison with the Bc group (P < 0.05). The satisfaction of the patients was remarkably higher in the former than in the latter group., Conclusion: Low cryptorchidism surgery following the modified day surgical procedures in the day surgery center is safe and feasible, with the advantages of lower cost and shorter hospital stay.

Sleep exerts important functions in the regulation of cognition and emotion. Recent studies have found that sleep disorder is one of the important risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the effects of chronic sleep deprivation on the cognitive functions of AD model mice and its possible mechanism are still unclear. In the present study, 8-month-old male APP/PS1/tau triple transgenic AD model (3xTg-AD) mice and wild type (WT) mice (n = 8 for each group) were subjected to chronic sleep deprivation by using the modified multiple platform method, with 20 h of sleep deprivation each day for 21 days. Then, open field test, elevated plus maze test, sugar water preference test, object recognition test, Y maze test and conditioned fear memory test were performed to evaluate anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, and multiple cognitive functions. In addition, the immunohistochemistry technique was used to observe pathological characteristics in the hippocampus of mice. The results showed that: (1) Chronic sleep deprivation did not affect anxiety- (P = 0.539) and depression-like behaviors (P = 0.874) in 3xTg-AD mice; (2) Chronic sleep deprivation exacerbated the impairments of object recognition memory (P < 0.001), working memory (P = 0.002) and the conditioned fear memory (P = 0.039) in 3xTg-AD mice; (3) Chronic sleep deprivation increased amyloid β (Aβ) deposition (P < 0.001) and microglial activation (P < 0.001) in the hippocampus of 3xTg-AD mice, without inducing abnormal tau phosphorylation and neurofibrillary tangles. These results indicate that chronic sleep deprivation exacerbates the impairments of recognition memory, working memory and conditioned fear memory in 3xTg-AD mice by aggravating Aβ deposition and the excessive activation of microglia in the hippocampus.

Objective: To review and analyze the trend of researches on prostatitis in China in the past two decades., Methods: We searched the core collection of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for studies on prostatitis, and analyzed the data obtained using Excel, Citespace and VOSviewer., Results: Totally, 1 216 original articles were identified, with 3 271 keywords, ≥3-time high-frequency keywords accounting for 12.9%, with "", "", "chronic prostatitis", "prostatitis", and "" as the top 5 ones, each with a centrality higher than 300. Major prostatitis-related studies focused on the 8 keywords, namely, prostatitis, prostatic fluid, rats, prostate, syndromes, efficacy observation, compound (in traditional Chinese medicine, TCM), and therapeutic application. The included literature involved 2 808 authors, with 402 involved more than twice and most of them in a scattered manner. The major topics of prostatitis studies varied in the past two decades, focusing on TCM therapies, promotion of blood circulation and stasis and comprehensive nursing in 2000－2001, on animal models, CD4+ lymphocytes and other experimental molecules in 2007－2010, on urodynamics, risk factors and specific antigens in 2013－2016, and on literature information resources in 2016., Conclusions: The immune mechanism remains a hot topic in the future researches on prostatitis. In terms of treatment of the disease, TCM has a potential value, and more practice and studies are required for an optimal combination of TCM and Western medicine. Strengthened collaborative efforts are needed to establish an authoritative source channel for the keywords, and incorporate it into the national standard system, and above all, to integrate the prostatitis study into multi-disciplinary researches, eliminate academic barriers, encourage collaborative innovation with multiple parties, and promote the exchanges and development in this field.

The cross combination of dry-method(network pharmacology analysis) and wet-method(high-resolution mass spectro-metry with antioxidation experiment) was used to predict antioxidant quality markers(Q-markers) of Hippophae tibetana. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS) was developed to rapidly separate and identify the chemical constituents in H. tibetana. Then in DPPH free radicals and superoxide anion scavenging experiment, the antioxidant activity of the four different polar parts with extracts of petroleumether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water was evaluated. Network pharmacology method was used for functional enrichment and pathway analysis to screen antioxidant-related components and preliminarily explain the mechanism of action. On this basis, multi-source information was integrated to predict the antioxidant Q-markers. The results showed that 51 components in H. tibetana were identified, including 18 flavonoids, 14 terpenoids, 6 alkaloids, 4 coumarins and phenylpropanoids, 3 volatile components and 2 polyphenols. The antioxidant capacity of different fractions: ethyl acetate &gt; n-butanol &gt; water &gt; petroleum ether. The medicine mainly acted on PI3 K-Akt and FoxO signaling pathways to perform antioxidant effects through flavonoids such as quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol. According to the results of dry-method and wet-method, quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol, the representatives of poly-hydroxy flavone, may be the antioxidant Q-markers of H. tibetana. In this study, with the antioxidant Q-markers of H. tibetana as an example, an investigation model of predicting Q-marker was discussed based on the ternary system of composition, function and informatics, providing a scientific basis for the establishment of quality evaluation standards for H. tibetana.

It is crucial to establish a complete set of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) quality traceability management process system, in order to stabilize the pricing order of TCM market and reconstruct the transmission path of TCM quality signals. In this study, we reviewed the mature experience of food and drug supervision at home and abroad, analyzed the quality characteristics of TCM, and put forward that the quality control of TCM products can learn from the hazard analysis and critical control point(HACCP) system in food safety quality control. This study points out that the HACCP system provides not only technical guidance for the traceability management of TCM, but also ideas for improving the quality of TCM products and the safety risk control of TCM. The application of the HACCP system in TCM quality control can help establish an international dialogue platform for TCM and help realize the modernization and internationalization of TCM industry.

Objective: To explore clinical results of ipsilateral total knee and hip arthroplasty at stage I for the treatment of ipsilateral hip and knee diseases., Methods: From January 2008 to September 2016, 7 patients with ipsilateral knee and hip disease were treated by simultaneous total knee and hip arthroplasty at stage I, including 4 males and 3 females aged from 47 to 68 years old, the courses of disease ranged from 6 to 29 years; 3 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 3 patients with ankylosing spondylitis, and 1 patient with senile hip and knee arthritis. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss and local wounds during hospitalization were observed and recorded, and Harris hip score and HSS knee score were used to evaluate therapeutic effects., Results: Seven patients were followed up from 6 to 24 months, operative time ranged from 297 to 362 min, blood loss ranged from 300 to 780 ml. Harris hip score before operation ranged from 27.67 to 39.11, 75.32 to 85.10 at 6 months after operation; 3 patients were good and 4 patients moderate. HSS knee score before operation ranged from 40.90 to 51.36, and 73.56 to 85.33 at 6 months after operation; 1 patients were excellent and 6 patients good. No periprosthetic fracture, aseptic loosening and periprosthetic infection occurred in 7 patients., Conclusions: Ipsilateral total knee and hip arthroplasty at stage I for the treatment of hip and knee disease could restore hip and knee function as soon as possible and recover function of hip and knee to the maximum degree, make patients get down the bed earlier, effectively reduce the complications caused by long-term bedridden, and improve patient's quality and satisfaction of life. While the quality of double-joint arthroplasty at stage I need higher technical requirements which should strengthen the management of the perioperative period, and strictly grasped indications., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2019 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

The hydrogen peroxide generation system was used to analyze the scavenging activity of hydrogen peroxide by Liropes Radix from different origins by HPLC-UV-CL. The UV-CL fingerprints of Liropes Radix from different origins were evaluated,and the HPLC-UV and LC-CL fingerprints were systematically analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the ether fractions of Liriope spicata var. prolifera and L. muscari had good scavenging activity of hydrogen peroxide,and the total activity of different origins varied greatly,while the similar samples had similar activities. The total antioxidant activity of L. muscari is higher than that of L. spicata var.prolifera. The similarity analysis of the two fingerprints was carried out by two different analytical methods. The chemical fingerprints and the active fingerprints have different characteristics. The contribution of each fingerprint to the total peak area and total activity is also different. There are significant differences between the two different fingerprint clustering results.