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Bigels are two-phase systems made up of oleogel and hydrogel sheared and mixed at a certain temperature. As amphiphilic semi-solid formulations, bigels have attracted wide attention due to their good stability, encapsulation characteristics and processing characteristics. Bigels have great potential in replacing traditional solid fats, improving the nutritional value of composite foods, and delivering bioactive substances. This article reviews the composition, synthesis methods and types of bigels, summarizes the significant progress in the application of bigels in the food field, and give an outlook on future prospects. It is our hope that this review will provide some guidance for further research and application of bigels in the food field.

The evolution of inclusions in molten steel in tundish before and after vacuum treatment during the production of GCr15 bearing steel in a steel plant is analyzed， the results showed that total oxygen content in molten steel increased greatly in tundish. Magnesium aluminum Spinel inclusions increased in RH soft blowing and tundish to varying degrees， and the number increased significantly in tundish. The MgO aggregate particles in the working layer of the tundish coating are greatly reduced， and some MgO particles are dissolved in the molten steel， resulting in the increase of oxygen content in the molten steel.The effect of different SiO2 content on the phase of tundish coating was discussed by thermodynamic simulation analysis. It was proposed that the control of SiO2 content at range 4%~6% and the strengthening of tundish masonry management can reduce the formation of high temperature low melting phase in tundish coating and effectively improve the flaw detection eligibility rate of bearing steel GCr15 head slab.

In this paper, large-scale energy storage system(ESS) is taken as the research object to conduct study of business models on the participation of ESS in electricity spot market with liberalization. First, based on the typical market clearing mechanism at home and abroad, the clearing method, clearing calculation process and so on in day-ahead market and real-time balance market are analyzed, and a joint clearing mechanism suitable for large-scale ESS to participate in the spot market is proposed, including bidding method, billing method and clearing method, etc. Then, in order to fully explore the market value and other added value of large-scale ESS, to enhance cluster effect and to solve the problem of idle ESS capacity, business models suitable for large-scale ESS to participate in the spot market are proposed, including independent (single investment entity, single service model), alliance (diversified investment entities, single service model), and shared (diversified investment entities, diversified service models) models. The game relationship in the market transaction chain is analyzed, of which the electric energy value, the ancillary service value, and other added value are quantified. On this basis, a bilevel clearing model paradigm for ESS to participate in the spot joint market of different business models is constructed based on the master-slave game. In the upper-level model, large-scale ESS is the leader to participate in market competition with the goal of maximizing profits, while the dispatching and trading center in the lower-level model are followers to jointly clear the market with the goal of maximizing social welfare. Finally, the validity and feasibility of the proposed business models are verified by taking typical transaction scenarios as examples based on the improved IEEE30 node system.

Objective To determine the value of quality assessment system in supervising standard clinical blood use and improving the quality of clinical blood transfusion medical records. Methods The clinical blood transfusion records of Children′s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medical every quarter from January 2019 to December 2022 were selected and extracted for evaluation by 5% to 10% for the current season. These blood transfusion medical records were scored and graded A(≥90 points)/B(80-89 points)/C(

In this study, we investigated the effect of toughening treatment (55 ℃ for 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h) on the microstructure, pasting properties, thermal properties, rheological properties and 3D printability of potato starch. The results showed that the toughening treatment roughened the surface of starch granules and increased the viscosity and pasting temperature of the starch. The toughened potato starch gel showed greater mechanical strength and a more stable and ordered internal structure than the native starch gel. It was found that toughening treatment for 36 h had a significant effect on the printing characteristics of potato starch gels, resulting in the highest printing accuracy and height as well as the best printing performance.

To improve the stability and utilization rate of ginger essential oil (GEO), GEO nanoemulsion stabilized by acid-modified attapulgite, emulsified by flaxseed gum and embedded by chitosan hydrochloride were prepared in this laboratory. The characteristics of GEO-loaded nanoemulsion were investigated, such as lmorphology, topography, particle size distribution, rheology, embedding rate, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), as well as the release mechanisms. Results showed that the particle size of GEO nanoemulsion was normally distributed, the average droplet size was 329.6 nm, the polydispersity index (PDI) was 0.259 and the embedding rate was 91.26%±0.03%. GEO nanoemulsion had good dispersion and smooth spherical surface investigated by scanning electron microscope and fluorescence microscope. The results of FT-IR showed that GEO was encapsulated in the nanoemulsion and the binding mode was physical interaction, while its chemical composition did not changed. GEO nanoemulsion had good stability when stored at 4, 25 and 40 ℃ for 28 days. GEO nanoemulsion had colonic targeting and sustained release properties investigated by in vitro simulated digestion test and kinetic analysis. This study provided a theoretical basis for the establishment of the colonic delivery system of food functional factors, and the application of GEO nanoemulsion as food functional factors to improve intestinal health.

Objective To investigate the effect of OTUD3 knockout on the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in neural stem cells (NSCs). Methods Brain cortex tissue protein was isolated and extracted from wild-type (WT) and OTUD3-/- embryonic mice on day 14 of gestation, and WT-NSCs and OTUD3-/--NSCs were cultured in vitro and subcultured according to cell status. After subculture to the third generation, an inverted microscope was used to observe the growth state of OTUD3-/--NSCs and WT-NSCs on days 1 and 3. Immunofluorescent staining was used to measure the expression of Ki67, Nestin, and β-tubulin Ⅲ in WT-NSCs and OTUD3-/--NSCs, and Western blotting was used to measure the changes in the expression of OTUD3 and Cx43 in WT-NSCs,OTUD3-/--NSCs, and the cerebral cortex of WT and OTUD3-/- embryonic mice. Results WT-NSCs and OTUD3-/--NSCs cultured and subcultured to the third generation showed a good growth status, and immunofluorescent staining showed positive staining of Ki67, Nestin, and β-tubulin Ⅲ. Compared with WT-NSCs,OTUD3-/--NSCs had significant reductions in the expression levels of OTUD3 and Cx43 (t=16.82,3.21,P

Firstly,the error estimates of cubic spline quasi-intepolating operators are derived for continuous differential function with different orders.Secondly,cubic B-spline quasi-interpolation is used to get the numerical solution of Saint-Venant equation.Specifically,the derivatives of the quasi-interpolation are used to approximate the spatial derivative of the dependent variable and forward difference method is used to approximate the time derivative of the dependent variable.Finally,the numerical solutions are compared with the solution obtained by the fourth order Runge-Kutta method and the leapfrog scheme.Then numerical examples show that cubic spline quasi-intepolating method has some advantages.

Preparation technology of an organic high friction composite materials was optimized by RSM(response surface methodology) and Design-Expert software. The friction tests were performed by MMS-2A friction tester. The quadratic regression model was established between process parameters and friction coefficient and wear rate. The results show that the correlation between predictive value and test value of the quadratic regression models has good fitting precision which are 91.97% and 87.85% respectively. There is strong interaction between molding temperature and holding time in the hot-pressing technology. Macro and micro surface morphologies were observed by the metallurgical microscope, scanning electron microscope, 3D measuring laser microscopy and hardness tester. The interfacial properties of the composites are affected by hot pressing process, which determine the tribological properties of composites. The optimum process parameters can be optimized by response surface methodology with the analysis of the wear mechanism, and the optimum hot pressing process are 19-25MPa,165-174℃,18-22min.

Objective To investigate serum C - reactive protein (CRP) and the risk of all - cause mortality in patients with diabetes. Methods A prospective cohort study based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study was used to enroll 1,968 diabetic patients and track their survival over the next 7 years. Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) was used to analyze whether there was a dose - response relationship between CRP and the risk of all - cause death in diabetic patients or not. Secondly, the subjects were grouped by CRP quartile to analyze the cumulative risk of death in different groups. Finally, Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate the correlation between serum CRP concentration and all - cause mortality risk in different groups of diabetic patients. Results A total of 260 (13. 2%) study participants died during the 7 - year follow - up period. There was a dose - response relationship between CRP levels and the risk of all - cause mortality in diabetic patients. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models showed that high levels of CRP increased the risk of all - cause death in patients with diabetes after adjusting for multiple factors. Compared with quartile 1, quartile 3 and quartile 4 had 77% (HR: 1.77, 1.19-2.61) and 113% (HR: 2.13, 1.46 -3.09) increased risk of death. Conclusion High levels of CRP increase the risk of all - cause death in people with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hy-Vo silent chain is a rigid rectangular frame composed of guide plate and long special pin through interference connection. The frame,which combines together internal and external combined engagement chain plate,outer meshing chain plate and short special- shaped pin,forms into a ring connected Hy-Vo silent chain. So the connecting firmness between long shaped pin and guide plate is very important. It matters to the lifetime of whole chain. The main factor influencing the connecting firmness of guide plate is the amount of interference between guide plates and special pins. When the designed amount of interference is confirmed,the precision of chain plate special hole and special pin has a very important influence on the connecting firmness. The more the precision scattering differs,the more the dispersion of connecting firmness is. By introducing the concept of equivalent diameter of the pin,the press- out force between special pin and guide plate is calculated. By comparing the calculated results with the actual test results,it is verified this method is reasonable and feasible.

The development process of engine timing system and the calculation method of timing chain tension are studied. The key technical points of main parts including timing chain,guide rail and tensioner are presented when designing the overall layout of engine timing system. According to the simulation analysis of designed engine timing chain system is carried out,the structures and load conditions of each component is improved to reach a better power transmission. Consequently,the requirements of high performance and low noise of the engine is satisfied. From the results of this study,it is concluded that this development process is reasonable and practical.

The wear property of pin is the key influence factor on automobile engine timing chain wear,the pin after cold treatment can substantially eliminate residual austenite and the carbide is refined organization,the surface hardness of pin is further improved,it plays a key role for the wear resistance of the part.

The paper introduced design schemes of software and hardware, debug methods, problems in debug process and optimization methods of a battery-powered early warning circuit for shearer starting. The circuit takes 12 V battery as system power supply, uses MSP430F149 single-chip microcomputer to control process of early warning when shearer body is powered up, and real-timely monitors battery capacity. If battery voltage checked by the single-chip microcomputer is lower than low-voltage threshold value preset in program, the circuit would give out blinking signal, which can remind users to charge the system battery. The whole circuit works in low power dissipation mode when it is idle to prolong service time. After debug and optimization, the circuit's program runs correctly and static power dissipation of the circuit is only 0.2 mA, which meets design requirement of low power dissipation.

The construction of intelligent pump station is the basis and one of the data sources for realizing intelligent water conservancy, and it is the typical application of intelligent water conservancy. The intelligent pump station is that the advanced measurement, industrial Internet, data fusion, artificial intelligence, big data and other technologies are applied to realize comprehensive perception, reliable data transmission, intelligent data storage and fusion, efficient collaboration, intelligent monitoring, predictive maintenance, standardized management and data service for objects and management activities such as the pump unit, power transformation and distribution equipment, hydraulic structures and so on. Firstly, the architecture of intelligent pump station, including perception layer, communication layer, data layer, application layer and interaction layer, is introduced. Then, the requirements of four key parts in the unified data platform; data modeling, data collection and integration of heterogeneous systems, intelligent storage strategy, and data sharing and publishing are presented. The contents and requirements of eight intelligent applications related to the intelligent pump station, including intelligent monitoring, optimal scheduling and operation, intelligent safety monitoring, intelligent maintenance, intelligent inspection, intelligent management, data analysis and visualization, palm pump station, are described in detail. The construction of intelligent pump station is the basis of realizing the safe, efficient, economic operation and fine management of pump stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of low accuracy of power line extraction of transmission lines with complex terrain and trending, ad uneven point cloud density, an efficient method for automatic extraction ad reconstruction of power lines was proposed. Firstly, through the space segmentation and point cloud density analysis method, the improved elevation filtering algorithm was used to achieve the rough extraction of power lines; the filtering algorithm based on the average value of the inclination angle between the point clouds was used to extract the power lines precisely; the statistical filtering algorithm was used to complete the extraction of the whole point cloud of the power lines. Then the power lines were separated by the random sample consensus (RANSAC)-based power line striping extraction algorithm, and finally the power line reconstruction was completed by using a model combining straight lines and paraboloids. The results show that the total power line extraction accuracy of this method is 99.342%, and the minimum reconstruction accuracy of a single power line is 0.042m, which is robust to terrain, line direction, point cloud density and other factors. This research provides a reference for power line extraction and 3-D reconstruction of large-scale transmission lines in complex scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To discuss the treatment characteristics of secretory otitis media (SOM) in cleft palate children. M ethods A total of 319 patients (524 ears) with SOM and cleft palate (3-14 years old) who accepted treatment were divided into experiment group A, group B, and group C according to effusion characteristics in the middle ear and tympanic pressure. Group A included 112 patients with serous effusion (198 ears). Group B included 162 patients with mucinous effusion (248 ears). Group C included 45 patients (78 ears) with negative pressure in the middle ear without effusion and an acoustic immittance. A total of 208 patients (246 ears) with SOM and tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy were divided into control group A1, group B1, and group C1 matched with the same effusion characteristics in the middle ear and tympanic pressure. Group A and A1 accepted puncture in the tympanic cavity, group B and B1 accepted tympanostomy tubes, and group C and C1 accepted puncture in the tympanic cavity after palatoplasty, adenoidectomy, and tonsillectomy. All groups were treated with antibiotics and ear drops. Cure rate and recurrence rate between the experiment group and the control group were compared. Results The control group had a better cure rate [93.09% (229/246)] than the experiment group [77.29% (405/524)] 12 months after treatment. The experiment group had a higher recurrence rate [14.57% (59/405)] than the control group [3.93% (9/229)]. Statistical differences were observed between the two groups (P<0.05). SOM with cleft palate initially had a low cure rate, and thus it was treated repeatedly for many times. Conclusion SOM with cleft palate is different from normal otitis media in terms of clinical manifestation, treatment, outcome, and prognosis. This case should be considered a special otitis media to be treated with special examination and therapy to obtain better results. Repeated puncture in the tympanic cavity and tympanostomy tubes for six months according to effusion characteristics are better treatment options for patients with SOM and cleft palate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data in some emerging applications, such as sensor networks, real-time monitoring systems, etc., are always time-varying, uncertain, and continuously arriving. These data need to be quickly processed. However, some important operations are costly, such as the real-time window joins over data streams. The requirement is a high challenge for a data streams processing system. Currently, most of the algorithms use software optimization to accelerate the processing speed, yet the results are unsatisfactory. GPU (graphic processing unit) has a high processing performance as it uses multi-thread and high-bandwidth to process data in parallel. This paper presented a co-processing method with hardware and software to accelerate the window join operation over data streams. In CUDA (compute unified device architecture) architecture, CPU (central processing unit) transfers data to memory of GPU to be processed in parallel. Experiment results show that this method can greatly improve the processing speed with about 50 times faster than software implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-speed moving elevator is subjected to displacement excitations due to motor eccentric rotation, guide rail irregularity and building sway. The excitations are significant factors which cause transverse vibration of elevator suspended system. The governing equations for vibration of the hoisting rope of arbitrarily varying length are developed based on the generalized Hamilton s principle. The partial-differential equations characterizing transverse vibration of the hoisting rope are obtained via neglecting longitudinal terms. A modified finite difference approach is presented. A set of ordinary differential equations are established based on the discrete governing equations. For a typical traction elevator suspended system, the transverse vibration response of the hoisting rope and the vibration energy is determined. The response obtained by the Galerkin method is used to verify the validity of the proposed method, the two methods show a good agreement. At last, the effect of the spring stiffness on the maximum rope displacement and vibration energy is quantitatively analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzed two types of empirical treelike transport network: natural evolution clonal plant network and artificial construction metro network. It constructed the models in space L and space P respectively. Although these two types of networks construction for different purposes, they exhibited similar topology in space L and space P models. Compared these two networks with random branching tree, it was found that they deviated from the predicted random branching tree in the same manner and extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative types of joints are recently used to connect concrete filled steel tubular laminated (CFTL) columns and reinforced concrete beams. The research on the calculation method of the moment capacity of innovative joints is strongly needed. Considering the axial compression load on the ring beams by the outside concrete, mechanical analysis of the failure isolation body of the ring beam was done using limit equilibrium method. This paper modifies the moment capacity calculation method of joints of ring beams and concrete filled steel tubular columns. The calculation results were about 28% higher than those of static tests, and based on this data the calculation method was further modified. Finally the modified calculation method was verified by experiments and ABAQUS finite element analysis under different axial compression ratios. And the results show that modified method can be used to calculate the moment capacity of joints of ring beams and CFTL laminated columns, and the calculation results are conservative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative types of joints are recently used to connect concrete filled steel tubular laminated ( CFTL) columns and reinforced concrete beams. Aimed at exterior joints of ring beams and concrete filled steel tubular laminated ( CFTL) columns, two monotonic loading tests and two cyclic loading tests for specimens with various radius-to-width ratios and three cyclic loading tests for specimens with various reinforcement ratios were earned out, to study the failure modes, capacity, stress distribution of bars and energy dissipation of the joints. The results show that; the joint ol ring beam and CFTL column is feasible and appropriate design can guarantee the structural design philosophy of 'strong-column-weak-beam' . For the failure modes of the joints, frame beam failure mode is prone to occur as reinforcement ratio gets larger. The capacity of the joint increases within limits as the radius-to-width ratio gets smaller or the reinforcement ratio becomes larger. The stresses of the longitudinal bars of the anchorage zone of the ring beam are high, and the stresses of inner and outside longitudinal bars are not uniform since the inner longitudinal bars barely yield. For the capacity of energy dissipation, the equivalent viscous damping coefficients show that the energy dissipation capacity is high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-centering shear wall structure has no vertical reinforcement at the wall-foundation interface and uses the unbonded pre-stressed tendon to connect the wall to the foundation; it is an important part of the resilient structural system. Lateral displacements result in a separation gap forming at the wall-foundation connection and gravity loading and pre-stressed unbounded tendons provide the restoring force in the shear wall. Finite element analysis was done by using ABAQUS software to simulate the seismic performance of a cyclic loading test with solid element, plane stress element and shell element, and the results of simulation were compared with the test results and compared with each other in accuracy and efficiency. The results indicate that the simulation methods used could capture the hysteresis behavior, the stress of unbounded pre-stressed tendon and the stress/strain parameter of the self-centering pre-stressed walls, and it is proved reasonability and feasibility to make the structural simulation with shell element in dynamic explicit analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for the determination of seven mycotoxins in rice and wheat by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) based on self-built database was established. Samples were extracted with 0.2% formic acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile (50∶50, v/v), dehydrated and salted according to the QuEChERS method (4 g of magnesium sulfate, 1 g of sodium chloride, 1 g of sodium citrate, 0.5 g of citrate disodium salt), and separated on an HSS T3 column (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 μm). UPLC-Q-TOF/MS with MS E screening was performed, and the positive and negative ions of the screened mycotoxins were calibrated and quantified using matrix-matched standard curves with time of flight multiple reaction monitoring (TOF-MRM). The results showed that aflatoxin G 1 (AFG 1 ), aflatoxin G 2 (AFG 2 ), aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), aflatoxin B 2 (AFB 2 ), and ochratoxin A (OTA) exhibited moderate matrix effects in rice, while OTA and zearalenone (ZEN) exhibited moderate matrix effects in wheat. The seven mycotoxins showed good linearities in their respective concentration ranges, with correlation coefficients ( r ) of 0.9900-0.9998. The limits of detection (LODs) for rice and wheat were 0.50-400 and 0.50-200 μg/kg, respectively, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) for both cereals were 1.00-800 μg/kg. In rice, the average recoveries at three spiked levels of low, medium, and high were 88.1%-123.9%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.2%-13.6%. In wheat, the average recoveries at three spiked levels of low, medium, and high were 102.0%-123.4%, with RSDs of 0.8%-14.8%. As a result, one batch of 46 batches of rice was screened out for AFB 1 and AFB 2 , with a screening rate of 2.2%, of which the measured values were 10.8 μg/kg and 1.2 μg/kg, respectively. According to GB 2761-2017, the maximum allowable level of AFB 1 in rice is 10 μg/kg; thus, the exceeding rate for AFB 1 is 2.2%. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was screened out in 9 out of 24 batches of wheat (screening rate, 37.5%), while ZEN was screened out in 19 batches (screening rate, 79.2%). According to GB 2761-2017, the maximum allowable levels of DON and ZEN in wheat are 1000 and 60 μg/kg, respectively. The levels of DON and ZEN detected in the wheat samples did not exceed these limits. The proposed method uses MS E for qualitative screening to avoid the occurrence of false positives caused by interfering compounds with mass numbers and retention times similar to those of the analytes. TOF-MRM mode is then used to quantify the positively screened mycotoxins. The method is fast, accurate, sensitive, and suitable for the isolation and quantitative detection of mycotoxin residues in rice and wheat samples. The findings provide powerful technical support for mycotoxin contamination monitoring in rice and wheat and early risk-warning efforts.

A mass spectral library of 18 mycotoxins was developed based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), which was used to establish a non-targeted screening method for mycotoxins in rice and wheat matrices. Eighteen mycotoxin standards were separated on an HSS T3 column, and data were collected for both positive and negative ionization under the MS E mode of the UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Details including formulas, retention times, theoretical exact masses, measured exact masses of the adduct and fragment ions, and ion abundance ratios were recorded to establish the mass spectral library of the 18 mycotoxins in UNIFI Software. Analyte detection was based on a retention time deviation of 0.3 min, and the exact mass deviation of the adduct ions and fragment ions was set to 5×10 -6 . The screening detection limit (SDL) was used as the main threshold for verifying the screening method. In the validation process, 18 mycotoxins were classified into two types: with maximum levels (MLs) and without MLs. The results showed that the mycotoxins with MLs could be accurately screened at their limited level, and the mycotoxins without MLs had a range of SDL concentration from 2 to 800 μg/kg. The matrix effect results showed that 14 mycotoxins in rice and 11 in wheat had moderate matrix effects. Finally, 25 batches of rice and wheat were purified using QuEChERS and HLB columns after acetonitrile extraction and screening were performed by employing the established method. The results revealed that aflatoxin G 1 (AFG 1 ), aflatoxin G 2 (AFG 2 ), fumonisins B 1 (FB 1 ), and sterigmatocystin (ST) were detected in one batch of rice, FB 1 and ST were detected in another batch of rice, FB 1 and ochratoxin A (OTA) were detected in two batches of wheat, and no other mycotoxins were detected. This method is characterized by high throughput, simplicity, rapidity, accuracy, and can be applied to accurately screen mycotoxins with concentrations higher than the SDLs and qualitatively screen various mycotoxins in rice and wheat without standards.

In this paper, the interaction of cucurbit [8]uril(Q[8]) with thionine (TH) and carbendazim (CBZ) were investigated with fluorescence and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the inclusion complex between Q[8] and TH informed was at molar ratios of 1∶2 in 0.01 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid solution. The fluorescence intensity of the Q[8]/TH complexes quenched when Q[8] was added to TH solution, but fluorescence increasing of the Q[8]/TH complex with the addition of CBZ was observed. The fluorescence increasing values show a good linear relationship with the CBZ concentration within 0~3.5 μmol·L-1. The linear regression equation relating fluorescence intensity (If) to CBZ concentration (c) is If=0.45c+32.24 (r=0.999). The detection limit was 9.39×10-8 mol·L-1. Forthemore, the influence of foreign species on the analytical signal of the Q[8]/TH complex in the presence of carbendazim was established. No interference was observed from commonly used foreign species such as metal ions (Fe3+, Mg2+, Ca2+). In particular, benzimidazole compounds thiabendazole and fuberidazole do not interfere with CBZ determination at a specific concentration. The results revealed that complexation of Q[8] and TH with CBZ offers a fluorescent switching “on-off” effect which will supply a potential application in pesticide residues test.

Chrysoidin is a kind of banned food dye, and it has been illegally used for coloring food. A rapid detection and quantification method is developed and applied in analysis chrysoidin in yuba. Gold nanoparticles are synthesized by using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as the bifunctional ligand to link the solid substrate and the AuNPs. The laser wavelength used for quantitative is 1594 cm⁻¹. Significant differences between different concentrations of chrysoidin are verified by multiple variable analysis. A relationship between the logarithm of the concentrations and the intensity of laser is proved using univariate analysis method. The calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 0.001-0.5 mmol · L⁻¹ with correlation coefficients r = 0.995. The method is successfully applied to the determination of chrysoidin in yuba. The average recoveries of the drugs spiked at 50 and 500 µg · g⁻¹ levels are 82.4% and 116.9%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) are 3.8% and 4.0%. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate in the determination of chrysoidin.

The interaction between Q[8] with β-indoleacetic acid and the methylviologen was studied in aqueous solution with electronic absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), fluorescence spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) in details. The authors explored the mode of action, action site and thermodynamic properties of the host-guest system. The electronic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy data showed that the Q[8]/IAA system and Q[8]/MV²⁺ system informed 1:1 inclusion complexes in aqueous solution. ITC results showed that the changes of Gibbs free energy and enthalpy are all negative, it suggested that complex formation was spontaneous and exothermic reaction. Moreover, ITC results for the Q [8] and IAA with MV²⁺ indicate that the association constants of the Q[8]-IAA and Q[8]-MV²⁺ complexes were (3.22 ± 0.96) x 10⁵ L · mol⁻¹ and (3.90 ± 0.91) x 10⁶ L · mol⁻¹, respectively. Therefore, the interaction between Q[8] and IAA with the MV²⁺ was a competitive process. This likely occurs because the MV²⁺ and IAA molecules attempt to occupy the Q[8] cavity, which reduces the fluorescence and absorption spectra intensity of Q[8]-IAA because of the formation of a new inclusion complex between Q[8] and IAA with MV²⁺. In addition, with the addition of MV²⁺ to a Q[8]/IAA complex, 1H NMR results showed that the indole moieties of β-indoleacetic acid and bipyridyl group of methylviologen can be incorporated into Q[8] cavities because of electronic transfer MV²⁺ with PQ in a Q[8] cavity with ternary complexes. These results provides the potential applications for the supramolecular self-assembly in cucurbit[n]urils field.

Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations of syphilitic uveoretinitis in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)., Methods: Uveoretinitis patients presenting between January 2008 and December 2014 at Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University were collected. Patients were selected with positive serologic tests, including rapid plasma regain titer (RPR) > 1:8, treponema pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPPA) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Other causes of uveoretinitis were excluded. Each patient underwent complete ophthalmologic examination including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, applanation tonometry and B-scan ultrasonography. Fundus fluorescein angiography were obtained in each case except for patients whose fundus was blurred with dense vitritis. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed in selected patients. Thorough physical examination was performed simultaneously., Results: Twenty six patients were included in this study including 24 male (92.3%) and 2 female (7.7%). The mean age at presentation was 39.3 ± 13.2 (range 20 to 63 years). RPR titres ranged from 1:32 to 1:512. There were 49 eyes altogether and ocular involvement was bilateral in 23 patients (88.5%) and unilateral in 3 patients (11.5%). Panuveitis was the most common ophthalmic presentation (n = 39, 79.6%). Only two eyes were anterior uveitis (4.1%) and 8 eyes were posterior uveitis (16.3%). Anterior chamber cells+++ and mild to severe vitreous opacities were observed. Sixteen eyes presented with neuroretinitis (32.7%), 27 eyes had vitritis (55.1%), 5 eyes had retinochoroiditis (10.2%), 5 eyes had optic neuritis (10.2%), 5 eyes had retinitis (10.2%) including 2 eyes with necrotizing retinitis (4.1%), 4 eyes had retinal vasculitis (8.2%). Two eyes (11.5%) presented with posterior placoid chorioretinitis (4.1%) and multifocal choroiditis (4.1%). Systemic manifestations were detected. Five patients had a history of skin rash (19.2%), five (19.2%) had genital ulcers, three (11.5%) had chancre, two (7.7%) suffered from headache, two (7.7%) had a fever, one (3.8%) had oral ulcers and one patient (3.8%) lost his hair., Conclusions: The clinical features are protean and lack of specificity. The most common manifestations was neuroretinitis, ususlly with vitritis.

Objective: To establish a radiation-injured model of lacrimal gland in mice and explore its pathophysiology., Method: Experimental research. According to the random number table, 50 healthy mice were divided into five groups:one control group (n = 10) and four experimental groups (n = 40). The experimental mice (n = 40) were exposed to different dosages of irradiation 12, 15, 18 and 21 Gy, respectively. The sham-irradiated controls (n = 10) were anesthetized in parallel with the irradiated rats but not irradiated. The mice were placed laterally and covered with a bolus material, then the X-ray irradiation was performed under general anaesthesia from above towards the mice' orbital region. The schirmer tests, Single- photon emission computed tomography/Computed tomography (SPECT/CT), HE, immunohistological, and ultrastructural examinations were conducted prior and 3 days, 7 days as well as 30 days after irradiation.Using t test to compare the differentiation of each group at the same time point., Results: In 12 Gy group, there is no statistically significant decline in tear secretion (3 days after radiation, t = 2.137, P = 0.061;7 days after radiation, t = 1.137, P = 0.243).In 15 Gy group, Schirmer I test showed significantly reduced lachrymal secretion and the difference was statistically significant(3 days after radiation:t = 3.228, P = 0.011;7 days after radiation:t = 4.781, P = 0.001;30 days after radiation:t = 3.162, P = 0.011). Immunohistochemical findings include a significant loss in the expression of α-SMA (3 days after radiation, t = 4.395, P = 0.013; 30 days after radiation, t = 3.049, P = 0.035) , aquaporin (AQP-5) (3 days after radiation, t = 3.587, P = 0.028;30 days after radiation, t = 5.598, P = 0.005) , and an excessive expression of Tenascin-C (3 days after radiation, t = 2.964, P = 0.046;30 days after radiation, t = 4.028, P = 0.017) and CK8 (3 days after radiation, t = 5.103, P = 0.008;30 days after radiation, t = 6.178, P = 0.004) , which were statistically significant. Ultrastructural changes include a retention of secretory granules and an increase of apoptotic acinar nuclei as well as macrophage phagocytosis. Disturbance in the tracer uptake as well as reduction of the lacrimal ejection fraction was assessed under SPET/CT test and the difference was statistically significant (3 days after radiation:t = 2.796, P = 0.029;30 days after radiation:t = 2.641, P = 0.038). This radiation dosage didn't cause obvious eye complications (cataract, radiation retinopathy, etc.). At the dosages of 18 and 21 Gy, the lacrimal gland inflammation and tissue apoptosis expand obviously., Conclusions: The model of radiation-injured lacrimal gland was successfully constructed. Pathophysiological manifestation include the impaired structures of lacrimal gland cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as damaged function of tear secretion. These changes may prerequisites for further study on radiological protection of lacrimal glands during radiotherapy of the periorbital region for orbital tumors.

Objective: To study the characteristics of RB1 gene mutations in Chinese patients with retinoblastoma., Methods: Peripheral blood samples of 35 patients with retinoblastoma were collected and genomic DNA was extracted. Multiplex PCR sequencing was carried out to identify RB1 gene mutations. Parents of 6 probands with RB1 mutations were also enrolled to identify the origins of mutations., Results: Fourteen patients were found to have carried germline mutations, among whom 11 had bilateral tumors and 3 had unilateral tumors. Sixteen germline mutations were identified, among which 13 were pathological, which included 5 nonsense mutations (c.1072C > T, c.1333C > T, c.1363C > T, c.1399C > T, c.2501C > A), 4 missense mutations (c.920C > T, c.1346G > A, c.1468G > A, c.1861C > A), 2 frameshift mutations (c.1947delG, c.2403delA) and 2 large fragment deletions (c.139&#95;168 del30, exon 8 deletion). Three were non-pathological mutations, including 2 intronic mutations (c.540-23 dupT, c.2664-10T > A) and 1 silent mutation (c.2192T > A). One carrier was identified among the 6 parents of children carrying a RB1 mutation., Conclusion: Screening for RB1 gene mutations in patients with bilateral or unilateral retinoblastoma can help to identify heritable mutations and provide important clues for genetic counseling and clinical management.

Objective: To study the change of tear film and lacrimal secretion after lacrimal gland tumor removal operation., Methods: It was a retrospective case series study. Nineteen cases (19 eyes) with pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland from January, 2010 to July, 2011 in Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University were elected. The evaluation included subjective complaints of dry eye, tear break up time (BUT), reflex lacrimal secretion, corneal fluorescein staining, and size of lacrimal lake were analyzed before surgery and 3 days, 1 month and 6 months postoperatively. Simultaneously, the opposite eye was set as control., Results: Subjective complaints of dry eye increased and the mean tear break up time, reflex lacrimal secretion, and size of lacrimal lake were significantly reduced (t = 23.91, 16.90, 11.47; t = 19.31, 20.81, 11.95, P < 0.05) on day 3 and 1 month after operation which were (4.9 ± 2.0) s (3 d), (5.2 ± 1.6) s (1 moth); (4.05 ± 2.07) mm (3 d), (3.58 ± 1.98) mm (1 moth); (0.009 ± 0.004) mm(2) (3 d), (0.008 ± 0.003) mm(2)(1 moth) respectively. However, only reflex secretion test (3.53 ± 1.50 mm) was significantly reduced (t = 21.57, P < 0.05), other values (BUT: 17.4 ± 4.9 s, size of lake: 0.032 ± 0.005 mm(2)) recovered to preoperative levels by the time of the sixth month follow up visit. Corneal fluorescein staining score increased greatly when measured at day 3 and 1 month visit (t = 0.23, 1.69, P < 0.05), but had returned to preoperative values at the sixth month visit. The result of the opposite eye control is the same as preoperative control., Conclusions: During the early stage after lacrimal gland tumor removal, tear film present abnormal changes, mainly in tear stability and reduction of reflex lacrimal secretion.

Objective: To evaluate retinoblastoma regression patterns following chemo reduction and adjuvant therapy., Methods: Retrospective case series. 122 tumors of 47 eyes of 37 patients following chemo reduction and adjuvant therapy between January 2005 and June 2009 in the Eye & ENT hospital of Fudan University. Twenty-seven patients are male, and 10 patients are female. The average age was 22 months. The combined therapy included chemo reduction using vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin (VEC) combined with local cryotherapy and/or transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). The average follow-up duration was 32 months ranging from 12 to 60 months. Regression patterns included type 0 (no remnant), type 1 (calcified remnant), type 2 (noncalcified remnant), type 3 (partially calcified remnant), and type 4 (flat scar). Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to test the difference of tumor number between the patients with family history and those without family history. Chi-square test was used to test the difference between the tumor thickness, tumor location and regression patterns. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to test the correlation between the regression patterns and age, sex, tumor thickness, tumor location and family history. Statistical significance was assigned at P < 0.05., Results: Forty-seven eyes according to the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification, 20 eyes (42.6%) were group A, 13 eyes (27.6%) group B, 6 eyes (12.8%) group C, 8 eyes (17.0%) group D. Of 122 tumors, the average number of tumors per eye was 2.6. Retinoblastoma regressions were type 0 (n = 3), type 1 (n = 15), type 2 (n = 8), type 3 (n = 25), and type 4 (n = 71). Tumor thickness and tumor location were related to regression patterns. Tumors with an initial thickness of 2 mm or less regressed most often to type 4, and those thicker than 8 mm regressed to type 1 or type 3. Tumors with greater distance from the foveola regressed most often to type 4. The factors predictive of regression pattern type 1 included tumor thickness larger than 8 mm (Z = 3.02, P = 0.003). The factors predictive of regression pattern type 3 included older age, tumor thickness larger than 8 mm and location not in the equator to ora serrata region (Z = 3.98, 2.23, 3.60; P = 0.000, 0.025, 0.000). The factors predictive of regression pattern type 4 included familial hereditary pattern, tumor thickness smaller than 2 mm and location in the equator to ora serrata region. (Z = 4.37, 3.42, 2.42; P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.021). 12 tumors recurred, 9 tumors were type 3 and 3 tumors were type 4. 8 eyes developed 15 new tumors. 5 patients developed new tumors were all younger patients and had familial hereditary history. The average period of recurrence of main tumors and development of new tumors was six months after the end of chemo reduction., Conclusions: Following chemo reduction, type 3 and type 4 regression patterns were most common. Smaller tumors were usually seen in type 4, and bigger tumors were usually seen in type 1 or type 3. Tumor recurrence was usually found following regression pattern type 3 or type 4. Younger patients and patients with familial hereditary history trend to develop new tumors. Patients accept chemo reduction and adjuvant therapy need close follow-up.

Objective: To investigate the clinic pathologic features of retinoblastoma (RB) after comprehensive treatment, and study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in retinoblastoma treated with chemotherapy prior to enucleation., Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on retinoblastoma specimens obtained consecutively between 2006 and 2008 by enucleation, and patients' clinical information and clinic pathologic features were also collected. Immunohistochemical staining and real-time PCR were performed for the expression of VEGF. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed for Ki-67., Result: Among the 9 chemotherapy-treated cases, six belonged to group D and three to group E of IIRC. The reasons for enucleation included extensive vitreous seeds, RB recurrence, extensive subretinal fluid/seeds, vitreous hemorrhage and total tractional detachment of the retina. During the comprehensive treatment, the main tumors regressed in all eyes. The main tumors showed a mean decrease of 43.7% in the largest basal diameter and a mean decrease of 57.9% in thickness. The average interval between the end of chemotherapy and enucleation was 5.7 months. The reason for enucleation was the recurrence of main tumor, recurrence of new tumors, recurrent vitreous seed or subretinal seed. Three eyes showed a type 1 regression pattern, one eye showed a type 2 pattern, and the other five eyes showed type 3 clinical regression patterns. The expression of VEGF was lower in eyes that underwent planned enucleation than eyes that suffered from RB recurrence., Conclusions: The main reason for enucleation was extensive subretinal fluid/seeds after the comprehensive treatment. The type 3 clinical regression patterns were most common. In retinoblastoma, higher expression of VEGF may play an important role in the recurrence of retinoblastoma after comprehensive treatment.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in metastatic choroidal carcinomas and determine the value of FFA in differentiating metastatic choroidal carcinomas from primary choroidal melanomas., Methods: It was a retrospective case series. The retrospective analysis of clinical data and FFA findings was performed in 23 eyes of 22 patients with metastatic choroidal carcinomas and 31 eyes of 31 patients with primary choroidal melanomas as the control., Results: Ocular fundus findings of metastatic choroidal carcinomas were divided into three types: solitary flat (tumor thickness less than 3 mm), solitary elevated (tumor thickness more than 3 mm) or diffuse type. FFA of the three types showed hypofluorescence during the arterial phase and progressive hyperfluorescence during the subsequent phases. The border of the lesions revealed retinal capillary dilation during the arteriovenous phase and persistent pinpoint leakage throughout the angiogram. Retinal capillary dilation and pinpoint leakage were more frequently presented in the solitary flat type. Simultaneous visualization of retinal and tumor circulation (the so called double circulation) was more frequently presented in the solitary elevated type. Pinpoint leakage could be detected in 17 (73.91%) eyes of metastatic choroidal carcinomas and in 5 (16.13%) eyes of primary choroidal melanomas. The difference between the visibility of pinpoint leakage in metastatic choroidal carcinomas and primary choroidal melanomas was statistically significant (P = 0.0000). When pinpoint leakage of FFA was used to differentiate metastatic choroidal carcinomas from primary choroidal melanomas, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values were 73.91%, 83.87%, 79.63%, 77.27%, 81.25% respectively., Conclusions: FFA is helpful for the diagnosis of metastatic choroidal carcinomas. Pinpoint leakage on the border of lesions has some value in differentiating metastatic choroidal carcinomas from primary choroidal melanomas.

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficiency of customized combined therapy for retinoblastoma., Methods: Retrospective case series. Twenty nine patients (40 eyes) with retinoblastoma were accepted customized combined therapy between Jan. 2005 and Dec. 2007 in our hospital. The combined therapy included chemoreduction using vincristine, etoposide, and carboplatin (VEC) combined with local cryotherapy and/or transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT). The average follow-up duration was 38 months and ranging from 12 to 50 months., Results: Twenty five patients had bilateral retinoblastoma, 4 patients had unilateral retinoblastoma. The stages of 40 eyes were classified according to the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification, 14 eyes (35%) were group A, 9 eyes (22.5%) were group B, 4 eyes (10%) were group C, 10 eyes (25%) were group D, and 3 eyes (7.5%) were group E. Seventeen eyes had vitreous and/or subretinal seeds. The overall globe preservation rate was 75% (30/40); and was 100% (14/14) in group A, 100% (9/9) in group B, 75% (3/4) in group C, 40% (4/10) in group D and 0% (0/3) in group E. A progressive decrease of globe preservation rate was observed in eyes with advanced stages. Tumor recurrence was detected in 4 eyes after chemoreduction, leading to the enucleation. Ten eyes were enucleated in the present series, with 1 eye in group C, 6 eyes in group D and 3 eyes in group E. None of 29 patients died during the follow-up. No patients had any serious side effect of chemotherapy such as leukemia., Conclusions: The customized combined therapy can effectively preserve certain patients' eyeballs and even obtain useful visual function. The International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification is useful in the clinical management of retinoblastoma.

Objective: To study the diagnosis and treatment of 17 patients with sarcoidosis in ocular adnexa., Methods: The clinical data of 17 cases with sarcoidosis in ocular adnexa treated during 1993 and 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent surgical treatment, and the diagnosis was proven histopathologically., Results: Among the 17 cases, 4 were male, and 13 were female. The patients' age ranged from 15 to 70 years, with a mean of 46.9 years. The lesions were located at the orbit (8 cases), lacrimal grand (5 cases) and eyelids (4 cases). Fourteen cases complained of the presence of a local mass, 2 cases complained of exophthalmos and 1 swelling of eyelids. Concurrent systemic sarcoidosis was present in 7 cases. Three cases coincided with lung sarcoidosis, 3 cases with uveitis and 1 case with dermatopathy. Angiotensin converting enzyme analysis was performed in 6 cases; 4 of them were elevated. Computer tomography was performed in 12 cases; in 11 cases it presented as moderate density parenchymatous mass, and in the remaining one it presented as hypodensity cystic mass. B scan of 5 cases showed hypoechoic parenchymatous homogeneous mass. None of 14 cases relapsed after 1 to 15 years follow-up., Conclusions: Ocular adnexal sarcoidosis usually presents as local mass and it should be included in the differential diagnosis of orbital and ocular adnexal lesions. Excision of localized mass alone could achieve satisfactory outcomes for isolated lesions, while for diffuse or systematic lesions, corticosteroid treatment should be prescribed routinely.

The molecular recognition of cucurbit[7, 8]urils toward a methylene blue dye was investigated by using electronic absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy. The experimental results revealed that the formation of host-guest complexes between Q[7] and the methylene blue dye were formed with a stoichiometry of 2 : 1, while the formation of host-guest complexes between Q[8] and the methylene blue dye were formed with a stoichiometry of 1 : 2. The calculated binding constants are K(Q)[7]-g = 1.34 x 10(12) L2 * mol(-2) and K(Q)[8]-g = 5.34 x 10(12) L2 x mol(-2) respectively based on the absorption spectrophotometric analysis, while the calculated binding constants are K(Q[7]-g = 1.53 x 10(12) L2 x mol(-2) and K[8]-g = 6.11 x 10(12) L2 x mol(-2) respectively based on the fluorescence spectroscopy analysis. The values of K are reasonably consistent. The fluorescence of the guest was found to rapidly increase with the increase in the concentration of Q[7], while the fluorescence of the guest was found to rapidly decrease with the increase in the concentration of Q[8]. Based on the variation of the absoption or fluorecence of the host-guest complexes of Q[7] or Q[8]-methylene blue dye with the variation of pH, the interaction of the Q[7] or Q[8] and the methylene blue dye with an unchangeable ratio can be observed in the range of pH between 0. 5 and 13.

Objective: To observe the changes of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET) serum level in the Guangxi BA-MA minipigs whose carotid arteries were injured by balloon denudation and in the patients with carotid stent assisted angioplasty., Methods: Twelve Guangxi BA-MA minipigs were chosen. High fat/cholesterol feeding and endovascular balloon denudation were used to create a carotid artery atherosclerotic stenosis animal model. Blood samples were collected from peripheral veins before starting the procedure, and again, at 2 and 3 weeks after the procedure, respectively. Serum NO and ET concentrations of blood samples were tested. Nineteen patients with carotid artery stenosis who underwent stent assisted angioplasty were randomly selected, and their serum NO and ET were tested using the same methods as above., Results: In the animal group, there was a significant decrease of mean NO concentration at 2 weeks after carotid injury (t-test, P < 0.05), however, no significant change of ET was observed. A very significant increase of ET was observed at 3 weeks after the procedure (t-test, P < 0.01). In the patient group, there were no significant differences among serum NO or ET concentration of peripheral vein blood before, immediately after, and 6 h after the endovascular treatment., Conclusions: In this study, a decrease of NO concentration and an increase of ET concentration of peripheral vein blood are found in BA-MA minipigs after carotid arteries are injured by balloon denudation, which might be a cue for the formation of atherosclerosis. However, no significant changes are observed in this group of patients who underwent carotid angioplasty treatment. Therefore, further studies are needed.

Interaction between cucurbit[8]urils and ofloxacin, fleroxacin, gatifloxacin and sparfloxacin was detected by UV and fluorometric analysis in details. The experimental results revealed that the acidity of the medium effected the interaction of the title systems. The cucurbit[8]urils could interact with ofloxacin, fleroxacin and gatifloxacin with a ratio of 1 : 1 and with sparfloxacin with a ratio of 2 : 1 when pH < 8.0. Inclusion stability constants of the systems of Q[8] with the guests detected at different pH values were 10(3)-10(4) L x mol(-1), while for SPFX it was 10(11) L2 x mol(-2). The results of the analysis of the four systems showed that the linear relation can reach 2 or 3 orders of magnitude and the limit of detection can be as low as 10(-9)-10(-7) mol x L(-1).

Objective: To construct lipL32/1-lipL21-OmpL1/2 fusion gene of Leptospira interrogans and its prokaryotic expression system, and to identify the immunogenicity of its products., Methods: PCR using linking primers was applied to construct lipL32/1-lipL21-OmpL1/2 fusion gene and a prokaryotic expression system of the fusion gene was then established using routine genetic engineering technique. SDS-PAGE was used to examine output of the target recombinant protein rLipL32/1-LipL21-OmpL1/2. Double immunodiffusion and Western Blot assay were applied to identify immunogenicity of rLipL32/1-LipL21-OmpL1/2., Result: lipL32/1-lipL21-OmpL1/2 fusion gene with correct sequence and its prokaryotic expression system E.coli BL21DE3pET42a-lipL32/1-lipL21-ompL1/2 was obtained in this study. The output of rLipL32/1-LipL21- OmpL1/2 after optimisation was 37.78 mg/L. The immunodiffusion titer of rabbit antiserum against rLipL32/1-LipL21-OmpL1/2 was 1:4. The rLipL32/1-LipL21-OmpL1/2 antiserum was able to recognize rLipL32/1-LipL21-OmpL1/2, rLipL32/1, rLipL21 and rOmpL1/2. Positive Western hybridization signals were found among rLipL32/1-LipL21-OmpL1/2 and rabbit antiserum against whole cell of strain 56601 and serum from patients infected with L.interrogans serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Autumnalis and Pomona., Conclusion: The fusion gene lipL32/1-lipL21-OmpL1/2 and its prokaryotic expression system were successfully constructed in this study. The expressed fusion protein can be used as the antigen for developing universal genetic engineering vaccine and universal serological tests of leptospirosis.

Objective: To study clinicopathologic features, histologic characteristics, differential diagnosis and the treatment of orbital solitary fibrous tumor (SFT)., Methods: Clinical, radiographic and pathologic findings of 6 cases of SFT were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemistry were performed on selected samples., Results: Four patients were males and 2 were females. Patients age ranged from 19- to 57-years-old. The location of the tumor was in the muscle cone (case 1 and case 5), medial (case 3), lateral (case 4), superior (case 2) and inferolateral (case 6) portion of the orbit, respectively. The presenting symptom was proptosis in 3 cases and was mass of subconjunctival or orbit margin in other 3 cases. Image examination: SFT appeared as a round (case 6 showed irregular) and well-circumscribed parenchymatous mass that could be homogenously enhanced by contrast. Histologically, SFT displayed as a mass of spindle cells in an irregular arrangement Sometime, tumor cells could be storiform or sarciniform. Mitotic figures were infrequent and usually there were 0 to 3 mitotic figures per 10 high-power fields. Hyalinization and staghornform blood vessels were frequently observed. SFT was immunoreactive for markers such as Vim, CD34 and CD99. Two cases were recurred., Conclusions: SFT is a rare orbital tumor and could be confused with other types of orbital tumors. This tumor can be diagnosed by pathological and immunocytochemical studies, these characteristics can be used to differentiate it from other types of orbital tumors.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the total saponins of Panaxginseng (TSPG) on cells expression of apoptosis-related genes bax and bcl-xl in HL-60 cells and its mechanism inducing apoptosis of HL-60 cells. The morphology of HL-60 cells was observed under normal and fluorescence microscopes; the percentage of apoptotic HL-60 cells was assayed by flow cytometry and the DNA ladder was observed by DNA agarose gel electrophoresis; the expression changes of bax and bcl-xl mRNAs were detected by RT-PCR after HL-60 cells were treated with TSPG at final concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 microg/ml for 48 hours. The results showed that the percentage of apoptotic HL-60 cells went up as the dose increased, the typical apoptotic cell morphology and the appearance of apoptotic DNA ladder could be observed when treated with 0 - 400 microg/ml TSPG for 48 hours. At the same time and same range of concentration, the expression of bax mRNA increased and the bcl-xl expression decreased gradually. When higher than 400 microg/ml of TSPG was used, cell necrosis appeared and the percentage of apoptotic HL-60 cells even decreased. It is concluded that the apoptosis or necrosis in HL-60 cells can be induced by TSPG at certain range of concentration, and the percentage of apoptosis is dose-dependent. The effect on up-regulation of bax mRNA and down-regulation of bcl-xl mRNA probably play an important role in apoptosis of HL-60 cells induced by TSPG.

Objective: To establish a set of methodological standard of retinotopic mapping using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to discuss anatomical features of functionally delineated V1/V2 boundary based on retinotopic criteria., Methods: Three adults aged 25-30 (1 male and 2 females), right-handed, without contraindications of MRI were studied. Visual acuity was 20/20 or corrected to 20/20. Visual stimuli subtended a field of view of approximately 12 degrees, consisted of high contrast, achromatic and drifting checkerboards. Two types of stimuli were used: the rotating wedge, either clockwise or counterclockwise, to map the polar angle and the annular ring, either contracting or expanding, to map eccentricity. MRI parameters: GE signa VH/i 3.0T scanner. Functional data: GRE-EPI sequence, 20 slices lay perpendicular to the calcarine sulcus, TR: 2 s, TE: 40 ms, FA: 90 degrees, Phase: 128, FOV: 19 cm, matrix: 64x64, slice: 3 mm, gap: 0, resolution: 2.9 mmx2.9 mmx3.0 mm. Anatomical data was obtained using 3D-SPGR sequence to acquire high resolution. Data was analyzed using AFNI. In order to avoid the disadvantages of restricted view due to highly convoluted occipital cortex, cortical surface was unfolded and then cut and flattened. Functional data was presented to this flattened surface and subsequently analyzed., Results: By using the phase-encoded visual stimuli, retinotopic organizations were exactly revealed both in the eccentricity and polar angle dimensions. Eccentricity maps showed that foveal representation lay in the occipital poles and the representation appeared further anterior as eccentricity increased. Polar angle maps showed that early retinotopically organized areas had either a mirror or non-mirror image representation of visual field. Boundaries of different visual areas were manually delineated based on retinotopic criteria called visual field sign, and the functionally delineated V1/V2 boundary located on the crests of gyrus., Conclusions: Phase-encoded stimuli is validated to be an efficient way to reveal retinotopic representation of visual cortex, promising a solid foundation for the future research under pathological conditions. Anatomical features of functionally delineated V1/V2 boundary support the wiring optimization principle.

The interaction of cucurbit[n=7,8]urils (Q[7], Q[8]) with two naphthylamine isomers and the influence of pH on the interaction were studied by using UV-Vis spectroscopy and 1H NMR technique. The experimental results revealed that Q[7] always forms a 1:1 complex with the naphthylamine isomers respectively in the pH range (-0.314 and pH<-0.3 respectively); the Q[8] could include the guest with a 1:1 ratio between the "highest" and a "higher" pH or the "lowest" and a "lower" pH (-0.3

Interaction of cucurbit[n]urils with two naphthol isomers and the influence of pH on the interaction were studied by using UV-Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The experimental results revealed that cucurbit[8]urils always forms a 1:1 complex with the naphthol isomers. However, UV-Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry method showed no obvious interaction of cucurbit[6]urils and cucurbit[7]urils with naphthol isomers in all pH values. Formation constant of Kf was found to be 4.2 x 10(4) L x mol(-1), 1.6 x 10(4) L x mol(-1) of 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol with cucurbit[8]urils respectively by using fluorescence spectrophotometry. Formation constant of Kf was found to be 4.2 x 10(4) L x mol(-1), 5.4 x 10(4) L x mol(-1) of 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol with cucurbit[8]urils respectively by using UV-Vis spectroscopy. There is no interaction between cucurbit[8]urils and the naphthol isomers in strong alkalescent medium. The cucurbit[8]urils could include the guest with a 1:1 ratio in acid and neutral medium.

The interaction structures and optical properties of host-guest of cucurbit[n=6-8]urils with synthesized three imidazo-[4,5, f]1,10-phenathroline derivates were investigated by using 1HNMR technique, fluorescence spectrophotometry, and ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The experimental results reveal that cucurbit [6] uril (Q[6]) can only interact with guest salt of 2-(4-methyl)-phenyl-imidazo-[4,5,f]1,10-phenathroline (W1) with a ratio of 1:1; however, cucurbit [7] uril (Q[7]) can interact with all three guest salts of 2-(4-methylphenyl)-imidazo-[4,5,f]1,10-phenathroline(W1), 2-(2-methylphenyl)-imidazo-[4,5,f] 1,10-phenathroline(W2), and 2-(3-methyloxyl phenyl)-imidazo-[4,5,f]1,10-phenathroline(W3) with the same ratio of 1:1; cucurbit [8] uril (Q[8]), except interaction with W1 with a ratio of 1:2, can also interact with W2 and W3 with a ratio of 1:1.