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The forecast of rainstorm in flood season has always been the key and difficult point in the meteorological forecasting operation. First, we used the daily precipitation data from 2 227 meteorological stations in Zhejiang Province from 2016 to 2021 during the flood season (April to October), and divided the precipitation region by applying the K-means clustering algorithm, which employed the Euclidean distance as the similarity measure. Then, the regional correction method is formed by combing the spatial-temporally improved bias correction method and divided regions. Finally, we applied this method to perform the regional correction and validation on the Zhejiang Multi-Model Objective Consensus Forecast (OCF), compared with the overall correction not combined with divided regions.The results are as follows. (1) The K-means clustering algorithm can divide Zhejiang Province into 7 precipitation-similar regions, which show distinct regional characteristics closely related to the topographic features of Zhejiang Province. (2) According to validation during the 2021 flood season, the regional correction performed better than the overall correction in the OCF forecasts.Its main advantages lie in effectively reducing the false alarm of precipitation in the clear-rain forecast and substantially increasing the hit rate (POD) for the heavy rain and above, especially for the rainstorm and above from 0.25 to 0.41. (3) The typical validation show that, for both systematic and convective precipitation, the regional correction can significantly improve the intensity and falling area of precipitation for the rainstorm and above. Especially for the systematic precipitation, the regional correction demonstrated more remarkable effects, which can predict heavy rainstorms.

Platinum group metal(PGM) elements such as ruthenium(Ru), rhodium(Rh) and palladium(Pd) in the high-level radioactive waste solution will aggregate and deposit at the bottom of the furnace during the process of vitrification. The deposition of PGM will lead to the change of glass density, conductivity and viscosity of melt in the furnace, which will easily cause the short circuit of the heating electrodes and the blockage of the discharge hole in the Joule heated ceramic furnace, and affect the performance of the glass. In this paper, based on the research progress of the deposition mechanism and properties of PGM during the process of vitrification at home and abroad, the crystallization mechanism of PGM in glass melt was reviewed, and the growth, agglomeration and distribution of PGM were analyzed and observed. The mechanism of the influence of PGM on the conductivity and viscosity of glass melt was studied, and the factors affecting the conductivity and viscosity were summarized. The effect of PGM deposition on the leaching rate of glass was discussed. Finally, the solutions about deposition of platinum group metals in the process of vitrification were put forward and summarized.

In all things connected, comprehensive perception, intelligent decision-making information era of big data, in the information acquisition of big data and a large amount of signal processing, there are still large amount of data redundancy, calculation and the shortcoming of high cost, not in time, and no marked.The transfer learning was applied, and the knowledge flow system based on the weight impact factor for information fusion was integrated to assist the analysis and simplify the calculation for the IoT sensing system.The knowledge flow mode of transfer learning and data fusion was adopted in the IoT sensing system, and the simulation calculation of short-term load prediction was made based on the partial data of regional power consumption.The influencing factors of users’ electricity consumption behavior were analyzed, and the optimal weight distribution of influencing factors was obtained through training, so as to predict the power consumption rate.The results show that in this way, it can clearly identify the characteristics of electricity consumption behavior, and predict the energy consumption according to the characteristics of electricity consumption.

【Background】 Hetao irrigation district (HID) is an important agricultural production base in northeastern China but faces soil salinization due to the long-term irrigation using the Yellow river water and poor drainage management. Subsurface drain had been increasingly implemented in the district, but how to improve its effectiveness such that it not only controls groundwater table below a critical depth but can also keep soil sufficiently moist to facilitate crop growth remains obscured. 【Objective】 The aim of this paper is to investigate how to achieve this goal through optimizing subsurface drains. 【Method】 We took sunflower as an example and simulated water flow and solute transport in the soil using the root zone water quality model (RZWQM2). The model parameters were estimated by calibration against experimental data measured from 2018 to 2020, and the calibrated model was then used to evaluate how an change in the drain design, including their burying depth and spacing, affects soil water flow and crop growth under different scenarios. 【Result】 ①Comparison between the calibrated model and the experimental data showed that the RMSE of the model for soil water was 0.049~0.065 cm3/cm3 for sandy soil and 0.012~0.037 cm3/cm3 for other soils, and that the MRE for cumulative drainage and crop yield was below 5.88% and 3.40% respectively; its R2 was 0.798 for groundwater, 0.817 for soil water storage in 0~100 cm soil, and 0.912 for leaf area index. ②Simulations revealed that raising the bury depth of the drain from current 1.5 m to 1.4 m with the spacing kept at 45 m as used by local farmer can raise the groundwater table by 5.2 cm, reduce drainage loss by 40.0%, and increase crop yield by 85.3 kg/hm2. ③Keeping the drain exit 1.5 m deep in rainy season and raising it to1.2 m deep in other seasons can raise the groundwater table by 2.2 cm, reduce drainage loss by 46.0%, and increase crop yield by 66.4 kg/hm2. 【Conclusion】 RZWQM2 is accurate to simulate water flow and sunflower growth in areas drained by subsurface drain, and its application to Hetao irrigation district indicated that burying the drains 1.4 m deep with a spacing of 45 m was optimal. For areas with drains already installed at 1.5 m deep and 45 m spacing, keeping the drain exit 1.5 m deep in the rainy season and raising it to 1.2 m deep in other seasons worked the best.

The brain-computer interface is an emerging technology,which can analyze the collected motor imagery signals to control the external auxiliary equipment.A new method based on the noise-assisted fast multivariate empirical mode decomposition (NA-FMEMD) algorithm was proposed for electroencephalogram signal feature extraction and classification.The method outperformed state-of-the-art methods based on noise-assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition in not only computational efficiency but also classification accuracy.Firstly,all multivariate intrinsic mode functions and trend signals were obtained by the NA-FMEMD.Secondly,the multivariate signals with specific frequency bands were selected by computing their average frequencies.Thirdly,the common spatial pattern was applied to extract features.Finally,the feature vectors were classified using a support vector machine.Simulation data and BCI Competition IV data are used to verify the effectiveness and advantage of the new method,and the method is compared with noise-assisted multivariate empirical mode decomposition.

Strike-slip fault is a common geologic hazard for buried pipelines. The fault-induced ground displacement often leads to excessive deformation and failure of pipelines, so it is of great significance to carry out reliability analysis of pipelines in fault areas for safety assessment of pipelines. Therefore, the finite element model of X80 steel pipeline crossing strike-slip fault was established based on the nonlinear finite element software ABAQUS, the design strain of the pipeline under the influence of many factors such as pipeline geometric dimensioning, surface displacement, inner pressure and soil type was calculated, and the finite element data of the pipeline design strain in the project was formed. Based on this database, the design strain prediction model of double hidden layered BP neural network was built, and the limit state equation based on strain criterion was established. Combined with MC (Monte Carlo) method, the reliability calculation of X80 pipeline in strike-slip fault area and the analysis of influencing factors of pipeline reliability were conducted. The calculation result based on BP-MC method is accurate and the running time cost is low, so it will be applicable to the reliability analysis of pipelines under faulting.

In order to rapidly and accurately diagnose and identify nitrogen stress in rice, a field experiment was conducted. Taking the super rice variety 'Liangyoupei 9' as material, 4 treatments of nitrogen application (0, 210, 300, and 390 kgµhm-2) were set, and images of the first, second, and third leaves at the top of the rice plant were scanned and collected during the spikelet differentiation and the full heading stage. The SE block (squeeze-and- excitation block) module was added to each residual block of the ResNet34 in convolutional neural network (CNN), and the weight parameters trained on the ImageNet (ImageNet large scale visual recognition challenge) dataset were transferred to the nitrogen nutrition diagnosis model of rice. The feature extraction layer of ResNet34 was kept unchanged, and the pooling layer at the end of the model was replaced with a global average pooling layer. The improved network was used to extract features from rice images and train the optimal weight file. The results showed that the improved network achieved a testing accuracy of 98.13% during the spikelet differentiation stage and 99.46% during the full heading stage of rice. The convergence speed of the model was faster, and the accuracy was improved by more than 7% compared to the original network. Above results showed that it was feasible to add the SE block to the residual block of ResNet34 and use transfer learning to diagnose nitrogen nutrition in rice, which could effectively diagnose and identify the nitrogen nutrition of rice during the spikelet differentiation stage and the full heading stage. Above results provided reference for the diagnosis and identification of nutrient status in crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the rectification-side devices of the offshore wind power transmission systems， the diode uncontrolled rectification units are a technological hotspot in the offshore wind power sector. Multiplex rectifier circuits are usually employed for diode uncontrolled rectification， with a 12-pulse rectifier circuits being the most common. Theoretical analyses of serial and parallel multiplex wiring in the 12-pulse and the 24-pulse rectifier circuits within the multiplex rectifier circuits have been conducted. This entails studying the harmonic characteristics of the alternating current on the AC side and the voltage on the DC side， deriving the calculation methods for the harmonic numbers and the harmonic amplitudes， and determining the total current harmonic distortion rate and the voltage ripple factor. Comparative analyses are made on the characteristics of 12-pulse and 24-pulse rectifier circuits， investigating the feasibility of applying the 24-pulse rectifier circuits in the diode uncontrolled rectification units. Simulations are carried out on the PSCAD/EMTDC platform.

Marine DC power grid typically sustains high current when shorted and its electric characteristics are extremely susceptible to influence by the stray parameters. Given the limitations of cabin space, it is necessary for the bus-tie switch of the DC grid to be miniaturized and in a symmetrical topology while the same level of fault shutdown protection performance is maintained. To this end, this paper presents the rule that how support capacitors and busbar's stray parameters impact short-circuit current, which was analyzed through a combination of simulation and testing at multiple operating points of a typical DC power grid. Specifically, to ensure the safety of devices, breaking time of the solid-state circuit breaker should not exceed 200 μs, and addressing the transient overvoltage suppression in case of bus- tie switch breaking is identified as a key technical issue. Based on the analysis results, it proposes a solid-state circuit breaker with a mirror-symmetrical bus-tie switch topology suitable for marine application scenarios and with the optimized performance based on simulation, to integrate the bus-tie switch and chopper multiplexing as a solution for voltage oscillation upon the bus-tie switch breaking-off. Based on the practical short-circuit tests, it is verified that the designed bus-tie switch is capable of meeting continuous DC power supply conditions on the normal side DC power grid when the busbar and branch are short-circuited. The onboard test results show that the solid-state circuit breaker can achieve a breaking-off capacity in the order of 100 μs, the optimized design of bus-tie switch topology meets the short-circuit protection requirements of marine DC power grid, and the delay for the bus-tie switch to break-off in case of short-circuit fault can mitigate breaking overvoltage fluctuation, thus better guaranteeing system safety.

As an important primary producer, submerged macrophytes regulate the material circulation and energy flow of the ecosystem, but the recovery process of submerged macrophytes is often plagued by sediments with high organic matter load. The effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Vallisneria natans (V. natans) growth and its relationship with sediment nitrogen and phosphorus was studied by inoculating strains PC2 (Bacillus stratosphericus), H19 (Bacillus subtilis) and L3 (Bacillus cereus) under high sediment organic matter load. The results showed that PGPR inoculation significantly promoted the growth of V. natans and the comprehensive effects was PC2>H19>L3. The growth of V. natans grown in the non-inoculated treatment was inhibited. The height, root length, fresh weight of aboveground and underground tissues of V. natans in PC2 treatment group increased by 165.0%, 17.4%, 378.8% and 165.1%, respectively. Through RDA analysis and Pearson correlation analysis, the increment of plant growth index were significantly negatively correlated with the increment of Inorg-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, Inorg-P and Fe/Al-P in the sediment, indicating their potential control sediment Inorg-N and Inorg-P. Therefore, PGPR inoculation is a certain prospective way to solve the problems of submerged macrophytes recovery and internal pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a fault occurs in a low-frequency transmission line zone， the modular multilevel matrix converters （M3Cs） at both ends of the line limit the fault current amplitude and phase. Under such a circumstance， the current on both sides displays the characteristics of through current， which in turn leads to poor sensitivity or even failure to operate of the traditional phase-based line differential protection. To solve the above problems， the electrical characteristics of the line after a fault and the adaptability of the phase differential protection are analyzed first based on the architecture of the low-frequency transmission system. Then three logical criteria based on the sampling values are given in combination with the differential principle of sampling values， which together with the steady-state differential threshold current and the low ratio braking equation constitute a differential protection method applicable to low-frequency transmission lines. Finally， a model of the low-frequency transmission system is built in RTDS （real-time digital simulation） system， and the effectiveness of the method used in low-frequency transmission lines is verified through the simulation analysis of different types of faults within and outside the lines， which lays the foundation for subsequent engineering applications.

The widely used distance protection is of great significance to operation reliability of power grid. The paper cites an example of misoperation of distance protection section I and points out the defects of action zone configuration of polygonal impedance， namely the irrational resistance value due to load limit that leads to interphase impedance falling into distance protection section I and thus triggers misoperation during terminal faults. Therefore， the paper proposes a protection logic optimization scheme applicable to polygonal impedance elements： an independent load limit condition is set for distance protection section I for adaptive optimization of protection logic. Setting verification is performed， and fault playback is tested at the boundary of the optimized protection action zone. The rest results prove the feasibility of the optimal scheme. The case and optimal scheme mentioned above can serve as a reference for improving the reliability of distance protection that applies polygonal impedance elements.

In view of the problem that the gas turbine blades rely more on the long-term test of the whole machine in the later stage to expose the insufficient design, this paper takes the gas turbine blades of an engine as an example to study the low cycle fatigue life of gas turbine blades. Firstly, the stress-strain analysis of gas turbine blade is carried out under typical cycles. It is determined that the main failure mode of gas turbine blade is low cycle fatigue failure controlled by strain fatigue. According to the principle of linear damage accumulation, the low cycle fatigue life of gas turbine blade is predicted. Then, a design method of low cycle fatigue test of turbine blade on rotating test-bed is innovatively proposed. The method uses open-loop electromagnetic induction coil to heat the blade, realizes the temperature field of gas turbine rotor with temperature gradient through heat conduction, and determines the test speed of gas turbine rotor according to the principle of strain equivalence. The test results show that the predicted service life of gas turbine blade is within 5 times of service life dispersion zone, and the crack position of component test blade is consistent with the test results of the whole machine.

Equipment support is the basis for equipment to effectively exert combat effectiveness,it is of great practical significance to study how to carry out the whole life cycle guarantee work.The whole life cycle support work of American military equipment is systematically combed and four stages of demonstration,development,service and decommissioning are distinguished.The work contents and characteristics of each stage are analyzed,and combined with the current situation and existing problems of our military equipment support,from the perspective of the whole equipment life cycle,the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward,which provides theoretical support for promoting the whole life support of our military equipment.

This paper proposes a new robust LM test for spatial lag model that is set when there are unknown error distribution, model misspecification and changes of spatial layout. We analyze the asymptotic properties uing Bootstrap and Monte Carlo methods which are found to be superior to the LM method. Moreover, we also find that Bootstrap is most efficaious. It is more reliable to use combined Bootstrap and our proposed testing statistic when sample size is small. It is also more reliable to use our proposed testing statistic when "Group" in spatial layouts is contigous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the theoretical prediction method and experimental results for single-propeller type podded propulsors, the influences of the pod upon the propeller hydrodynamic performance were investigated. The propeller blades are calculated with a vortex lattice method, while the pod including its strut with a boundary element method for non-lifting bodies. Hydrodynamic interactions between the propeller and the pod are treated via iterative calculations. Based on the present numerical results, the influence of the pod on the radial distribution of circulation as well as the pod-induced wake characteristics were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the optimization efficiency of turbine stage optimization,an improved optimization strategy based on Bi-level integrated system synthesis（ BLISS2000） procedure to the multidisciplinary design optimization（ MDO） of turbine stage was proposed. The key idea in this approach is to keep the basic algorithm structure of BLISS2000,cancel the process to generate approximation models,and use variable complexity method（ VCM） which in the aerodynamic analysis. The approach was evaluated and validated by a turbine blade optimization problem. The results were similar as those in standard strategy,but the optimization efficiency increased by 2. 75 times.

Objective To investigate the toxicokinetic differences of 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine （MDMA） and its metabolite 4,5-methylene dioxy amphetamine （MDA） in rats after single and continuous administration of MDMA, providing reference data for the forensic identification of MDMA. Methods A total of 24 rats in the single administration group were randomly divided into 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg experimental groups and the control group, with 6 rats in each group. The experimental group was given intraperitoneal injection of MDMA, and the control group was given intraperitoneal injection of the same volume of normal saline as the experimental group. The amount of 0.5 mL blood was collected from the medial canthus 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 12 h after administration. In the continuous administration group, 24 rats were randomly divided into the experimental group （18 rats） and the control group （6 rats）. The experimental group was given MDMA 7 d by continuous intraperitoneal injection in increments of 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 mg/kg per day, respectively, while the control group was given the same volume of normal saline as the experimental group by intraperitoneal injection. On the eighth day, the experimental rats were randomly divided into 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg dose groups, with 6 rats in each group. MDMA was injected intraperitoneally, and the control group was injected intraperitoneally with the same volume of normal saline as the experimental group. On the eighth day, 0.5 mL of blood was taken from the medial canthus 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 12 h after administration. Liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect MDMA and MDA levels, and statistical software was employed for data analysis. Results In the single-administration group, peak concentrations of MDMA and MDA were reached at 5 min and 1 h after administration, respectively, with the largest detection time limit of 12 h. In the continuous administration group, peak concentrations were reached at 30 min and 1.5 h after administration, respectively, with the largest detection time limit of 10 h. Nonlinear fitting equations for the concentration ratio of MDMA and MDA in plasma and administration time in the single-administration group and continuous administration group were as follows: T=10.362C-1.183, R2=0.974 6; T=7.397 3C-0.694, R2=0.961 5 （T: injection time; C: concentration ratio of MDMA to MDA in plasma）. Conclusions The toxicokinetic data of MDMA and its metabolite MDA in rats, obtained through single and continuous administration, including peak concentration, peak time, detection time limit, and the relationship between concentration ratio and administration time, provide a theoretical and data foundation for relevant forensic identification.

Lotus seed protein isolate (LSPI) was used as emulsifier to prepare high internal phase (high load) β-carotene-loaded emulsion (LSPI-BC). The stability and β-carotene retention rate of LSPI-BC were measured, and the mechanism of the changes in LSPI-BC at different stages of in vitro digestion was investigated. The results showed that LSPI-BC had long-term stability at low temperature (4 ℃), and the retention rate of β-carotene was over 85%. However, the stability and β-carotene retention rate of LSPI-BC decreased significantly when the temperature was above 25 ℃. High temperature treatment caused LSPI to unfold and expose hydrophobic groups, forming a spatial network structure that imparts LSPI-BC with good thermal stability and protects the β-carotene from further degradation. In the in vitro digestion experiment, salivary mucin and high concentrations of ions in the oral digestive fluid decreased the magnitude of surface charge on the droplets and then affected the stability of the emulsion. In the gastric phase, flocculation or fusion occurred due to the effect of pH, the potential changed from negative to positive, and the protein aggregates dispersed. In the intestinal phase, the droplet size decreased obviously and the absolute value of potential increased. After hydrolysis, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability increased significantly. In addition, free fatty acids were released gradually during simulated digestion, and the amount of free fatty acids released increased obviously in the first 30 min of digestion, and then reached 61.94% at 60 min, indicating that LSPI was more suitable for encapsulating active substances. The encapsulated active substance remained stable in acidic medium, its release was delayed during in vitro digestion and its bioavailability was increased to 58.51%. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of LSPI for high loading and sustained release of lipid-soluble active substances.

[Purpose/Significance] The publication of policy documents of breaking through the evaluation criteria based on" only thesis, only professional title, only academic degree, only awards" and "only SCI " has triggered extensive discussions among academic researchers. Scholars' discussions are logical and thorough, which can be used as a reference for the further improvement of talent evaluation and institutional evaluation policies. [Methods/Process] This paper comprehensively adopted the literature research method, analyzed scholars' views and comments on policy documents, classified scholars' concerns, and proposed suggestions based on the current status of scientific research evaluation. [Results/Conclusions] The paper proposed to improve the classification and evaluation methods, promote the implementation of the representative work system, optimize the allocation of scientific research resources, strengthen the cultivation of domestic journals, establish a comprehensive evaluation system, and strengthen academic ethics supervision, in order to provide references for government decision-making.

Fraxini Cortex is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been used for thousands of years to treat dampness-heat diarrhea, dysentery, red or white vaginal discharge, painful swelling or redness of the eyes, and nebula. It contains various chemical components, including coumarins, iridoids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids. Coumarins are important active ingredients in Fraxini Cortex and have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and antiviral activities. Aesculin and aesculetin are two major coumarin components of Fraxini Cortex that are widely used in its quality evaluation. Previous HPLC methods for determination of aesculin and aesculetin present several limitations, such as long analysis times and high solvent and reference compound consumption. In this study, a rapid, eco-friendly and cost saving HPLC method for the determination of aesculin and aesculetin in Fraxini Cortex was established by using the core-shell column and equal absorption wavelength (EAW). Different factors influencing the extraction process, such as the extraction solvent, temperature, and time, were assessed to obtain the optimal extraction conditions. The results showed that Fraxini Cortex samples could be well extracted by ultrasonic extraction for 5 min with a 25% ethanol aqueous solution. A core-shell column was used, and different mobile phases and flow rates were investigated to obtain the best rapid-HPLC separation conditions. The optimized HPLC conditions were as follows: a Poroshell 120 EC-C 18 column (50 mm×4.6 mm, 2.7 μm), acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (6∶94, v/v) as the eluent, a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min, and a column temperature of 25 ℃. The EAW of aesculin and aesculetin was a key factor in their determination using a single reference compound. EAW selection was performed in two steps. First, the UV spectra of two equimolar concentrations of the reference compounds (aesculin and aesculetin) were compared to determine the EAW of the two analytes. The EAW results were then verified by the HPLC analysis of the reference compound solutions. The final EAW of aesculin and aesculetin was 341 nm. The determination of aesculin and aesculetin using only one reference compound (i. e., aesculin) was achieved by HPLC-UV at this EAW. The newly developed HPLC method revealed a good linear relationship between the two target analytes ( r =1.0000). The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were 1.5 μmol/L and 3.0 μmol/L, respectively, and the average recoveries of aesculin and aesculetin were 99.0% and 97.5%. The stabilities of the sample solutions were examined, and the two analytes demonstrated good stability for 24 h. The contents of the target analytes in 10 batches of Fraxini Cortex were determined using the proposed EAW method and the classic external standard method (ESM), and comparable concentrations were obtained. The contents of aesculin and aesculetin in the 10 batches of Fraxini Cortex were 0.26%-2.80% and 0.11%-1.47%, respectively. A t -test was conducted to compare the results of the proposed EAW technique with those obtained via the method reported in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and no significant difference between the two assay methods was noted ( P >0.05). Comparison of the newly established EAW method with those reported in the literature revealed that our method required only 10 min to complete and used as little as 0.5 mL of the solvent and only one standard. Therefore, the developed EAW method is a rapid, simple, eco-friendly, and cost-effective analytical method that is suitable for the determination of aesculin and aesculetin in Fraxini Cortex and its related products. The proposed technique is an improved method for determining aesculin and aesculetin and contributes to the enhancement of the quality evaluation of Fraxini Cortex.

A comparative study was conducted for the first time on the form and valence of arsenic in the dry and fresh Cordyceps breeding products to clarify the specific morphology and valence of arsenic in Cordyceps breeding products and its safety. Arsenic betai-ne(AsB), arsenite(AsⅢ), dimethyl arsenic(DMA), arsenocholine(AsC), monomethyl arsenic(MMA), and arsenate(AsⅤ) in the dry and fresh samples were investigated using a bionic extraction method combined with HPLC-ICP-MS. The HPLC separation was performed on a DioncxIonPac~(TM) AS7 anion exchange column with a mobile phase of 100 mmol·L~(-1) ammonium carbonate-water for gradient elution at room temperature and the flow rate of 0.8 mL·min~(-1). HPLC was coupled with ICP-MS for the determination. The arsenic content was characterized in combination with chemometrics. The health safety risk of inorganic arsenic in the samples was assessed using the margin of exposure(MOE). The results of methodological validation showed that the six arsenic compounds showed good linearity(R~2>0.999) from 10 to 500 ng·mL~(-1), with precision RSDs of 1.8%-3.0%, recoveries(n=6) of 84.15%-98.28%, reproducibility RSDs of 6.4%-7.7%, and sample stability RSDs of 8.3%-14% within 10 h. Trace AsⅢ and AsⅤ were detected in 30 batches of dry and fresh Cordyceps breeding products, while arsenic compounds in other forms and valence were not detected. In the dry products, AsⅢ was 0.019-0.040 mg·kg~(-1) and AsV was 0.024-0.061 mg·kg~(-1), while in the fresh products, AsⅢ was 0.002 3-0.006 1 mg·kg~(-1) and AsⅤ was 0.008-0.016 mg·kg~(-1). The risk assessment results showed that the MOE of inorganic arsenic was much higher than 1 in both dry and fresh products, and the potential health safety risk of inorganic arsenic was low. The HPLC-ICP-MS method established in this study was efficient, rapid, accurate, and stable for the determination of six arsenic compounds in Cordyceps breeding products. The results of this study provide a basis for the safety and quality control of Cordyceps breeding products.

Objective: To investigate the effect of EBV-DNA copy number on the prognosis of patients with EBV positive lymphoma., Methods: Clinical data of 109 patients diagnosed as EBV positive lymphoma in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January 2010 to January 2020 were enrolled and analyzed retrospectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for survival analysis, Log-rank was used to compare the clinical characteristics between the patients in different groups, and Cox regression was used for multivariate analysis., Results: Among the 109 patients with EBV-positive lymphoma, the medium age were 56 (range 15 to 83) years old. 29 patients at Ann Arbor stage I-II while 80 patients at stage III-IV. The average value of EBV-DNA was 1 023 510 IU/ml, 7 patients were higher than the average value, while 102 patients were lower. KM survival analysis showed that OS and PFS in patients with EBV-DNA above average level were shorter than those in patients with EBV-DNA below average level (OS: P=0.048, PFS: P=0.001), EBV-DNA copy number was a factor affecting the prognosis of patients. In addition, LDH level showed positive correlation with EBV-DNA copy number (r=0.650), which was also one of the factors affecting OS (P=0.053)., Conclusion: EBV-DNA copy number and LDH level can influence the prognosis of EBV positive lymphoma patients. Therefore, detection of EBV-DNA copy number in peripheral blood is important for evaluate the prognosis the patients.

In this study,the protein in different Cordyceps samples,which include fresh sample( S1),22 ℃ drying sample( S2),37 ℃ drying sample( S3) and 60 ℃ drying sample( S4),were analyzed by sodium dodecylsupinate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis( SDS-PAGE) and two-dimensional electrophoresis( 2-DE). The total protein contents in Cordyceps samples were from 1. 655-4. 493 mg·g~(-1) and the protein contents in fresh sample was the highest. The results of SDS-PAGE showed that the mainly ranges of protein molecular weight of Cordyces samples were 10-100 kDa and the numbers of protein bands were 28 to 41,the fresh sample had the maximum number of protein bands. The 2-DE profiles were analyzed by PDQuest software. The resulted indicated that 488-876 protein spots were detected in different Cordyceps samples and the isoelectric point( pI) was distributed between 4. 5 and 6. 5,the protein molecular weight was distributed in 10-20 kDa and 25-100 kDa,the fresh sample had the maximum number of protein spots. Therefore,the drying process could decrease contents and species of protein in Cordyceps,and the different drying conditions had different effects on protein. These results provide a reference for improving the drying process of Cordyceps.

Online gradient extraction-high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) method was developed for simultaneous determination of high and low polar components in Cordyceps. The sample powder of Cordyceps was uniformly mixed with diatomaceous earth,packed into extraction tank,and installed into the HPLC system. Online gradient extraction was conducted with mobile phase at 70 ℃. The separation was performed on Zorbax SB-AQ( 4. 6 mm×150 mm,5 μm) column with 0. 1% formic acid solution-methanol as the mobile phase for gradient elution at 1. 0 mL·min~(-1). The column temperature was 30 ℃,and detection wavelength was set at 260 nm. The results showed that the high and low polar components in Cordyceps could be simultaneously extracted and separated by the developed method. Meanwhile,six high polar compounds( uracil,uridine,thymine,inosine,guanosine and adenosine) and one low polar compound( ergosterol) were identified by comparison with the reference peaks. The established method is rapid,stable and environment friendly,which is helpful to improve the quality evaluation level for Cordyceps.

The flower of Hibiscus syriacus has good ornamental and edible-medicinal values.In this study,four samples of two varieties,namely white multiple petals flower and pink multiple petals flower,were selected as test materials.And the optimum extraction conditions,relative molecular weight,monosaccharide composition and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides in flower were investigated.Through single factor experiment and response surface,the optimal extract conditions of polysaccharide were designed as follows:extraction temperature at 96.8℃,ratio of material to liquid of 43.5∶1 m L·g~(-1),extraction time of 3.1 h.Polysaccharides of H.syriacus flowers were analyzed by high performance gel chromatography.The average molecular masses of the 4 polysaccharide samples were1.49×10~5,1.25×10~5,1.01×10~5,1.37×10~5,respectively.Polysaccharides of H.syriacus flowers were mainly composed of glucose,mannose,galactose,rhamnose and arabinose by pre-column derivatization HPLC.The ratio of galactose was the highest in five monosaccharide,and the ratio of galactose to glucose was 1.656-4.496.In addition,crude polysaccharides of H.syriacus flowers showed potential antioxidant activity by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical(DPPH)assay,total reducing capacity assay and ABTS assay in vitro,and its antioxidant effect showed a good dose-effect relationship with the concentration of crude polysaccharides.Among the tested varieties,polysaccharides of pink multiple petals flower and white multiple petals flower had the same molecular masses and monosaccharides composition,but the antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides of pink multiple petals flower was higher than that of the white flowers.The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the application of H.syriacus flower in the field of functional foods.

The study is aimed to fully analyze antioxidant activty and stability of color-related components from Dendrobium officinale flower. The contents of anthocyanins,carotenoids and flavonoids of 10 varieties including whole flower and labellum of D.officinale flower were detected using UV visible spectroscopy technique and evaluated for their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH·), superoxide anion radical (·O⁻₂) and hydroxy radical (·OH) scavenging activty. And the effects of 4 kinds of metal ions (Cu²⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺,K⁺) and 2 kinds of food additives were investigated on the stability of anthocyanins pigment from D.officinale flower. The results indicated that the flower of D.officinale contained anthocyanins,carotenoids and flavonoids,and their contents in different parts of different families varied. The content of anthocyanins (1 330.9 μg·g⁻¹) in labellum was significantly higher than that in the whole flower (696.3 μg·g⁻¹). The content of carotenoids was positively correlated with the content of anthocyanins,and there was significant positive correlation between the scavenging capacities of the three free radicals and the contents of anthocyanin,respectively (0.415,0.384,0.455). The Cu²⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺, K⁺ and glucose showed significant color-enhancing effect and could increase the stability of anthocyanin in D.officinale flower,while ascorbic acids showed remarkably degradation effect of anthocyanin in D.officinale flower., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: This study aims to explore the effect of cosmetic technique on the modification of lip deformity after cleft lip surgery., Methods: A total of 35 patients with postoperative cleft lip and who needed two-stage repair due to the nasolabial deformity were selected. Cosmetic technique was used to modify their lip deformities prior to the surgery. Front photos of the patients were taken before and after modification of their lip deformities. These photos were subsequently assessed by both the patients and the medical staff. The visual analogue method, Asher-McDade aesthetic index, and Mortier PB scale were used by patients and medical staff to evaluate changes in the lip shape by the cosmetic technique., Results: Prior to the cosmetic technique application, the mean self-score of the patients and the mean scores of the medical staff were 56±13 and 3.22±1.11 points, respectively. After the cosmetic technique application, the mean self-score of the patients and the mean scores of the medical staff were 67±12 and 2.85±1.03 points, respectively. The differences were statistically significant for both the patients and the medical staff (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Appropriate use of the cosmetic technique can modify the lip deformity after the cleft lip surgery to a certain degree. The use of this technique exerts evident effects in restoring the symmetry
of lip peak and the continuity of the labial arch and in highlighting the philtrum column.

Objective: This study aims to investigate whether dexamethasone (DEX) can down-regulate the PAR complex and disrupt the cell polarity in the palatal epithelium during palatal fusion., Methods: Pregnant rats were randomly divided into control and DEX groups, which were injected intraperitoneally with 0.9% sodium chloride (0.1 mL) and DEX (6 mg·kg ⁻¹), respectively, every day from E10 to E12. The palatal epithelial morphology was observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy. Immunofluorescence staining, Western Blot analysis, and real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed to detect the expression of PAR3, PAR6, and aPKC., Results: The incidence of cleft palate in DEX group (46.15%) was significantly higher than that in control group (3.92%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=24.335, P=0.00). DEX can also retard the growth of the palatal shelves and the short palatal shelves. The morphology and arrangement of MEE cells changed from polarized bilayer cells to nonpolarized monolayer ones. Additionally, the spherical structure decreased, which caused the cleft palate. PAR3 and PAR6 were only detected in the palatal epithelium, and aPKC was expressed in the palatal epithelium and mesenchyme. DEX can reduce the expression levels of PAR3, PAR6, and aPKC in the protein and gene levels., Conclusions: DEX can down-regulate the complex gene expression in the MEE cells, thereby destroying the cell polarity and causing cleft palate.

This study is to establish the HPLC specific chromatogram and determine four main nucleosides of wild and cultivated Cordyceps sinensis. Uridine, inosine, guanosine and adenosine were selected as reference substance. HPLC analysis was performed on a Waters XSelect HSS T3 C₁₈ (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), with a mobile phase consisting of water(A)-acetonitrile (B) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL•min⁻¹ (0-5 min,0% B;5-15 min,0%-10% B, 15-30 min,10%-20% B, 30-33 min, 20%-50% B, 33-35 min, 50%-0% B, 35-40 min, 0% B). The detection wavelength was 260 nm and the column temperature was controlled at 30 ℃, and the injection volume was 5 μL. HPLC specific chromatogram of wild and cultivated C. sinensis was established and four main nucleosides were simultaneously determined by the above method. Specific chromatograms and contents of four main nucleosides showed no significant differences between cultivated and wild C. sinensis. These results can provide scientific evidences for further development and utilization of cultivated C. sinensis., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

In order to provide new information on polysaccharide in Dendrobium officinale flowers,the monosaccharide composition and relative molecular mass distribution of 11 families of flowers were investigated and analyzed by high performance gel filtration chromatography (HPGFC) and pre-column derivatization ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in this study. Then cluster analysis was carried out for the monosaccharide peak areas by utilizing SPSS 19.0 software. The results showed that the polysaccharides of all the above 11 hybrid families of D. officinale flower were separated into three fractions (DOP-1, DOP-2 and DOP-3) with the average relative molecular mass of 5.53×105, 3.49×105 and 2.12×105. The polysaccharides in 11 different families were mainly composed of glucose, mannose, galactose, galacturonic acid and arabinose; mannose had the highest proportion among them, with mannose/glucose ratio of 0.302-3.335. Additionally, the relative contents of various monosaccharides in different families varied. 11 families of D. officinale flower could be classified into four categories according to their monosaccharide components and relative contents. In this study, the relative molecular mass distribution and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides in D. officinale flowers were defined, which can provide foundations for its resource utilization．., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To explore the advantages of minimally invasive expandable in surgery of lumbar discectomy and interbody fusion and internal fixation., Methods: The clinical data of 48 patients who underwent lumbar discectomy and interbody fusion and internal fixation from January 2010 to March 2016 was retrospectively analyzed. According to the admission queue, the patients were randomly assigned into channel group (26 cases) or traditional group (22 cases). In channel group, surgical approach of minimally invasive expandable channel was applied, and in traditional group, open posterior operation approach (including posterior lumbar interbody fusion and transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion, etc.) was applied. In channel group, there were 20 males and 6 females, aged from 43 to 74 years with an average of(56.6±5.1) years; course of disease was ranged from 4 to 22 months with an average of (6.7±1.8) months; 1 case was complicated with diabetes, 6 cases were complicated with hypertensive disease, and 2 cases were complicated with arrhythmia. In traditional group, there were 15 males and 7 females, aged from 43 to 73 years with an average of(55.9±4.6) years; course of disease was ranged from 4 to 26 months with an average of (6.2±2.1) months; 2 cases were complicated with diabetes, 5 cases were complicated with hypertensive disease, and 1 case was complicated with arrhythmia. Operation time, bleeding volume, and hospitalization time were compared between two groups and visual analogue scale(VAS), Oswestry Disability Index(ODI), bone fusion information, and complications correlated with incision were observed in two groups., Results: All 48 patients were followed up for more than 6 months. Postoperative VAS and ODI were significantly improved ( P <0.01), but 3 and 6 months after operation, there was no significant difference in VAS between two groups, and ODI score of channel group was lower than that of traditional group( P <0.01). Operation time, bleeding volume, hospitalization time in channel group respectively were (167.3±30.2) min, (786.8±147.8) ml, (12.3±2.4) d, and in traditional group were (197.5±48.7) min, (786.8±147.8) ml, (16.5±3.8) d, there was significant differences between two groups. There was no significant difference in fusion rate and fusion time between two groups. There were 4 cases and 7 cases developed incision related complications in channel group and traditional group, respectively. The difference between two groups was significant( P <0.01)., Conclusions: Compared with conventional surgery minimally invasive lumbar discectomy and interbody fusion and internal fixation has advantages of less trauma, shorter operative time and better functional recovery., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose.

An online SPE-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) and 2'-deoxyadenosine in Cordyceps genus (C. sinensis,C. militaris,Hirsutella sinensis and C. sobolifera) was developed. The samples were enriched on a ZORBAX SB-AQ (4.6 mm×12.5 mm,5 μm) column with isocratic elution by 9% methanol solution. The separation of analytes was performed on a ZORBAX SB-AQ (4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm) column with gradient elution by 0.1% formic acid solution and methanol (91∶9). The flow rate was 1.0 mL•min⁻¹. Column temperature was 40 ℃ and detection wavelength was 260 nm. This method has been applied for analysis of different Cordyceps genus. The 2'-deoxyadenosine was detected in C. sinensis,Hirsutella sinensis and C. sobolifera. The cordycepin was detected in C. militaris. In summary,the cordycepin chromatographic peak from C. sinensis in some past reports may be the 2'-deoxyadenosine chromatographic peak or the mixture peak of 2'-deoxyadenosine and cordycepin in which 2'-deoxyadenosine content was higher than cordycepin. The developed method is suitable for analysis of cordycepin and 2'-deoxyadenosine in Cordyceps genus., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: The study aims to investigate the correlation between total input for a period of 24 h and the daily physiological requirements to develop practical guidelines for postoperative infusion management of cleft patients., Methods: Sixty-three cleft lip and palate patients under three years old who underwent surgery were included in the study. The amount of liquid taken orally as well as intravenous input were recorded for a period of 24 h and compared with the daily physiological requirements. Based on the comparison results, the amount of intravenous infusion was adjusted to match the physiological requirements. Eighty-one patients under one year old were also included to evaluate the effectiveness of the adjustment. The amount of liquid taken orally and intravenous inputs were also recorded and the correlation between total input and urine output analyzed., Results: The total input of the first group of patients significantly exceeded the physiological requirements. After adjustment, the liquid intake remained at the same level, but the total intake moved closer to the physiological requirements. Statistically significant correlations were observed between liquid taken orally and intravenous intakes, and between total intake and urine formation., Conclusions: More precise management of postoperative infusion is necessary for cleft patients. For patients less than six months old, the amount of intravenous infusion should be around 60% of the physiological requirements, whereas that for patients between six months and one year should be around 75%.

To compare the main nucleosides in Cordyceps genus herbs (C. sinensis, C. millitaris, Hirsutella sinensis and C. sobolifera), an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of uridine, inosine, guanosine, adenosine and cordycepine in Cordyceps genus herbs was developed. The sample was extracted with 0.5% phosphoric acid solution to prepare test solution. The separation was performed on a Zorbax SB-Aq (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm) column with gradient elution by 0.04 mol•L⁻¹ potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and acetonitrile, column temperature 30 ℃,flow rate 0.8 mL•min⁻¹,and detection wavelength 260 nm. The content of nucleosides in four Cordyceps genus herbs was evaluated by fingerprint analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The calibration curves of five nucleosides showed good linear regression (r>0.99) and the average recoveries were between 95.0% and 105.0%. The contents of the five nucleosides in the four Cordyceps genus herbs were different and could be obviously distinguished by HCA. The fingerprint analysis result showed that the similarity between C. sinensis and the others was less than 0.9. The method was accurate and reliable, which can be used for quality control of Cordyceps genus herbs., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: The glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) can induce palatal cleft; however, the mechanism involved remains unclear. E-cadherin is an important cell adhesion molecule, and it can significantly affect cell fate and embryonic development. Recent studies have indicated that E-cadherin expression in palatal epithelial cells is suppressed in normal palate fusion. This study aimed to determine whether the change in E-cadherin expression is related to the incidence of cleft palate in DEX-induced mice., Methods: Mice were divided into the experimental group and the control group. Pregnant mice were injected with DEX on E10.0-E12.0, whereas mice in the control group were injected with normal saline. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were employed to evaluate the effect of DEX on fetal mouse palatal processes, particularly the changes in E-cadherin and β-catenin expression levels in the phases of the experimental and control groups., Results: Data indicated that the incidence of cleft palate in the DEX group was 43.59% (17/39), whereas that in the control group was only 3.03% (1/33). The results of HE staining showed that the obviously shortened palatal processes could not contact and fuse with one another in the DEX-treated mice model compared with those in the control group. The ectopic expression of E-cadherin in embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells was also analyzed. The expression levels of E-cadherin and β-catenin in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group., Conclusion: These findings indicated that DEX could induce E-cadherin gene upregulation and ectopic expression, as well as high β-catenin expression, thereby inhibiting the growth of mesenchyme cells and cleft palate.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between articulation, velopharyngeal function, and surgical age by comparing the changes in articulation after velopharyngeal closure is performed. This study is also conducted to investigate the influencing factors of omission change between pre- and post-operation., Methods: A total of 48 patients, including 18 males and 30 females, mean age (13.3 ± 5.8) years, with non-syndromic cleft lips and palates were selected from January 2011 to December 2011. Their speech data and articulation between pre- and post-operation were retrospectively analyzed using non-parametric tests. Correlation study was performed to analyze the influencing factors of the changes in articulation. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: The difference in articulation after velopharyngeal closure occurred was significant (Z = -3.796, P = 0.000). A negative correlation between the ratio of post-operative normal articulation and surgical age (R = -0.487, P = 0.000) was observed. The change in omission was positively correlated with surgical age (R = 0.589, P = 0.000) and gender (R = 0.404, P = 0.047). By comparison, the change in omission was negatively correlated with follow-up time (R = -0.235, P = 0.040)., Conclusion: Articulation and intelligibility are significantly improved after velopharyngeal closure is performed. These parameters are negatively correlated with surgical age to some extent. In addition, the change in omission is positively correlated with surgical age and gender, whereas the change in omission is negatively correlated with follow-up time.

Objective: The aim of this study is to establish a transgenic mouse model for cleft palate relevant gene thyroid transcription factor-2 (TTF-2), which can be used to study palatal shelf development when the expression pattern and regular activation of TTF-2 is altered., Methods: The C57BL/6J mouse TTF-2 gene was cloned through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the mouse genomic DNA. The TTF-2 gene was inserted into the expression vector pBROAD3-mcs to construct the recombinant expression vector pBROAD3-TTF-2. This expression vector was then microinjected into the male pronuclei of the fertilized mouse ovum. Thus, the TTF-2 transgenic mice model was established. The genotype of the transgenic mice was identified by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry identified the consistent expression of TTF-2 gene during its palatal shelf development., Results: TTF-2 genes were microinjected into 982 fertilized ova. A total of 580 two-cell-stage embryos cultured and transplanted into the oviducts of 48 pseudopregnant female mice. Overall, 68 embryos were obtained for analysis. The genotype of the mice was determined through PCR and Southern blot analysis using genomic DNA extracted from tail biopsies of the transgenic fetus. A total of 13 TTF-2 transgenic mice were detected. The expression of TTF-2 gene during the palatal shelf development of the transgenic mice was consistently detected by immunohistochemistry., Conclusion: The recombinant expression vector pBROAD3-TTF-2 was integrated into mouse genome through microinjection. The transgenic mouse in the palatal shelf that consistently expressed TTF-2 was successfully established and displayed a cleft palate phenotype.

Objective: To investigate the prognostic predictors of nasal NK/T cell lymphoma., Methods: Records of 80 patients with nasal NK/T cell lymphoma were analyzed retrospectively. The correlation between clinical and haematological factors and prognosis was analyzed with univariate and multivariate analysis., Results: After treatment, 33 of 80 patients achieved complete response, the 5-year overall survival and progression free survival were 52.5% and 32.5%, respectively. In univariate analysis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, Ann Arbor stage, local tumor invasion out of the nasal cavity, international prognostic index, complete response rate to the primary treatment, treatment model, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),β2-microglobulin level, globulin and white blood cell were found to be the prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis indicated that unfavorable prognostic factors included complete response rate to the primary treatment (χ(2) = 17.109, P < 0.01), LDH(χ(2) = 15.695, P < 0.01), and local tumor invasion out of the nasal cavity (χ(2) = 13.503, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Complete response rate to the primary treatment, elevated plasma LDH and tumor invasion out of the nasal cavity may be independent prognostic factors for NK/T cell lymphoma.

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of proximal femur intramedullary nail (PFNA) in treating intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients., Methods: From January,2008 to December,2010,the data of 86 elderly patients (aged, 80 to 93 years) with intertrochanteric fracture who underwent internal fixation were retrospectively analyzed. Of them, 54 patients (22 males and 32 females) were treated with close reduction and PFNA internal fixation(PFNA group),and 32 patients (12 males and 20 females) were treated with open reduction and nail-plate internal fixation (control group). Operation time, volume of blood loss, postoperative complications, time of hospitalization and bone union, hip function were compared between two groups., Results: All patients were followed up more than 2 years. Operation time, volume of blood loss, postoperative complications,time of hospitalization in PFNA group were less than that of control group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in time of bone union between two groups (P>0.05). According to Harris score to evaluate the function of hip joint, PFNA group was better than that of control group (P<0.01)., Conclusion: Treatment of elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures with PFNA internal fixations can obtain satisfactory results, the method is better than that of traditional method.

Objective: To explore the prognostic value of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and M2 macrophages in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tissues., Methods: The expression of CD163 and Foxp3 was detected by immunohistochemistry in 92 cases of DLBCL, and it was statistically analyzed whether their expressions correlate with clinical data and prognosis in patients with DLBCL., Results: The density of M2 macrophage and regulatory T cells in DLBCL tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in the adjacent tissues (P = 0.02, P = 0.04). The expression of M2 macrophages was significantly positively correlated with regulatory T cells expression (r = 2.012, P < 0.05). High density of M2 or Tregs had a relationship with extranodal involvement (P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that the expressions of CD163 and Foxp3 were independent prognostic factors of DLBCL (P < 0.05)., Conclusions: Combined detection of the expression of CD163 and Foxp3 proteins and then evaluation of the amount of M2 macrophages and Tregs can be used to more closely predict the prognosis for DLBCL patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy and toxicity of RNCE regimen in the treatment of relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)., Methods: From January 2000 to December 2005, 46 patients with relapsed or refractory B cell NHL were treated by RNCE regimen with or without radiotherapy for the involved field. The clinical characteristics, response, toxicity and long-term survival results were analyzed retrospectively., Results: A total of 46 patients were eligible. The complete response rate of second-line therapy was 52.17% (24/46), and the overall response rate was 82.61% (38/46). The median follow-up duration in this series was 69 months (range:6 to 102 months). The overall 1, 3, 5-year survival rate was 74.8%, 48.3%, 40.1%, respectively, with a median survival time of 30.2 months (5 to 65 months), and median progression free survival time of 10.9 months (2 to 31 months). The major toxicities were myelosuppression, GI toxicity, fatigue, fever and alopecia., Conclusion: Our data show that RNCE regimen treatment is effective and well tolerated in patients with relapsed or refractory B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the expression of cell division cycle 7 (Cdc7) kinase and minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2) in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and explore their relationship with prognosis of DLBCL patients., Methods: Clinical data of 60 DLBCL patients treated in our hospital from 2008.1 to 2010.1 were collected. The expression levels of Cdc7 and MCM2 in peripheral blood and bone marrow were determined by real-time PCR. A statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate their association with prognosis in DLBCL patients., Results: The 2-year survival rate of patients with high expression of peripheral blood Cdc7 was 38.3% and those with low expression 65.4% (P = 0.001). The 2-year survival rate of patients with high expression of bone marrow Cdc7 was 37.2% and those with low expression was 75.5% (P = 0.032). The 2-year survival rate of patients with high expression of MCM2 in peripheral blood was 44.0% and those with low expression was 68.2% (P = 0.025). The 2-year survival rate of patients with high expression of MCM2 in bone marrow was 39.0% and those with low expression was 63.4% (P = 0.007). A poor disease specific survival was observed in DLBCL patients with high level expression of Cdc7 and MCM2., Conclusions: Cdc7 and MCM2 expression can be used to assess tumor proliferation and may be useful as an additional marker in combination with conventional markers in prediction of the outcome of DLBCL patients. Moreover, the Cdc7 and MCM2 signal pathway might be useful as a new approach in the treatment of refractory DLBCL lymphoma patients.