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In this study, lemon peel residue powders were modified by microwave, high-speed shear and ultra-fine grinding, respectively, to improve its quality and the comprehensive utilization rate of lemon processing by-products. The morphological structure and thermal stability before and after modification were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The physicochemical and functional properties were measured to evaluate the overall quality of the lemon peel residue powders after different modifications. The results showed that the structure of lemon peel residue powders was loosened after these three modifications and the main functional groups were not significantly changed after the modification. The thermal stability of lemon peel residue powders was significantly improved after microwave and high-speed shear modification (P

Seashore saline soil is a kind of soil formed after the sediments flowing into the sea with surface runoff or shallow sea sediments lifted up by wind and waves, flocculated and deposited in the intertidal zone under the action of tides and ocean currents, and finally exposed to the sea surface as the result of continuously silting up. The seashore saline soil in Guangdong Province is rich in resources, mainly distributed in Zhanjiang, Zhuhai, Jiangmen, Shantou and other places, and has an extremely important strategic position in the coastal economic development. Seashore saline soil is one of the main types of low and medium yielding fields, and the soils are characterized by high salt content and salinization. Due to the high nutrient content, rich soil organic matter and high potential fertility, they can become good fields through appropriate improvement measures. The management strategies of seashore saline soil utilization include isolating seawater from invading farmland again through engineering measures; improving drainage and irrigation conditions, applying rainwater dewatering and desalination technology, using artificial dewatering and desalination technology, planting combined wtih dewatering and desalination technology and other measures to drain and reduce salt. The sustainable utilization of seashore saline soil can be realized through soil improvement, scientific fertilization, root strengthening cultivation, selection of rice varieties resistant to salt or aquatic crop rotation and other technical measures. The seashore saline soil is an important reserve resource for the future development of arable land in Guangdong Province, and the full development and utilization of seashore saline soil is of great significance in increasing the sown area of grain, expanding arable land resources and ensuring food security. Based on the current situation of seashore saline soils in Guangdong, it is proposed to attach great imporntance to the special investigation of eashore saline soil resources, strengthen financial investment, promote scientific research, and establish long-term positioning observation stations for comprehensive management.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of low-glycemic index (GI) noodles on improving glucose and lipid metabolism in diabetic mice induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Methods: Diabetic male Kunming mice were induced by STZ, the intervention group was fed with low GI noodles for 7 weeks, the glucose and lipid metabolism index were measured, and compared with the model control group fed with normal noodles. Results: Compared with the diabetic mice in the model group, the body weight, serum insulin (INS) and liver glycogen levels increased significantly (P

Objective: Aiming at the high incidence of chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, a kind of multigrain steamed bun with low glycemic index (GI) was prepared. Methods: Considering the factors of reducing GI, the whole wheat flour and buckwheat flour were used as the main raw materials, combined with pomelo, whole chia seeds, inulin, as well as the starch retrogradation treatment to make multigrain steamed bun. GI value, sensory evaluation, texture properties and resistant starch (RS) were taken as evaluation indexes. Results: The best method for processing low GI steamed bun was as follows: Taking whole wheat flour and buckwheat flour with the ratio of 7:3 as steamed bun mixed flour, 30% whole chia seeds and 9% inulin were added into the mixture, 40% pomelo was used to replace part of the dough water, and refrigerated the steamed bun at 4 ℃ for 24 h. The multigrain steamed bun prepared under this condition had a regular shape, smooth and shiny surface with good chewiness, with a resistant starch content of 1.61% and a sensory score of 85.30. The GI value was 53.98, which was 38.9% lower than that of the traditional steamed bun, and met the requirements of low GI food. Conclusion: This process could not only greatly reduce the GI value of steamed bun, but also ensure good taste of the product, which could provide a reference for the development of low GI foods.

Structural protection method,protective layer method,protective layer material,electrochemical protection method and medium treatment method are the main methods for metal corrosion prevention.Among many corrosion inhibition methods,protective layer material anti-corrosion method is an economical,efficient and widely used anti-corrosion method.Epoxy resin is an efficient protective layer material,which can be used after curing at room temperature or heating.However,the micropores in the curing process may weaken the corrosion resistance of epoxy coating.Therefore,adding nanomaterials into epoxy resin to form epoxy resin composite coating can fill the micropores in epoxy coating,thus improving the anti-corrosion efficiency of epoxy coating.Firstly,the factors affecting the corrosion resistance of nanomaterials/epoxy composite coating were introduced in detail,and the corrosion resistance mechanisms of nanomaterial/epoxy composite coating were discussed.In addition,two kinds of nanomaterials (graphene and metal-organic framework materials) used for epoxy coating were briefly introduced,and the modification methods of graphene and metal-organic framework materials were summarized.Finally,the problem in application and the development prospect of nanomaterials/epoxy composite coating were prospected from the aspects of resin composition,filler composition,mechanism exploration and development of self-healing coating,and it was pointed out that nanomaterials/epoxy composite coating is a long-term method to protect metals from corrosion,and two-dimensional and three-dimensional materials for epoxy coatings should be developed in the future.

Neptunium is one of long-life radioelements, whose speciation in different condition of underground water and soil type, including the adsorption characteristics and adsorption mechanism on some soils, is a critical field. The adsorption behavior of Np(Ⅴ) on muscovite minerals was studied by combining theoretical calculations and static adsorption experiments, providing a reference for evaluating the safety of nuclear waste disposal sites in this work. The adsorption behavior of 239Np(Ⅴ) by different particle sizes of muscovite was studied using characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), material specific surface area(BET), and NaI(Tl) gamma spectroscopy. Explored the effects of factors such as time, pH value, and the presence or absence of \begin{document}${\mathrm{CO}}_3^{2-} $\end{document} on the adsorption of Np(Ⅴ) by muscovite with different particle sizes. Combining density functional based on first principles, B3LYP was selected as the functional and 6-31G* as the basis group, and quantum chemical calculations were carried out to obtain the dissociation constant(pKa) values of the sites, in order to describe the electronic behavior of the skeleton structure. The experimental results show that different particle sizes of muscovite have an impact on the adsorption of Np(Ⅴ), and the presence or absence of \begin{document}${\mathrm{CO}}_3^{2-} $\end{document} in the environment also affect the adsorption distribution coefficient. However, as the particle size of muscovite decreases, more active sites are exposed, and the trend of adsorption distribution coefficient varies. Based on the SEM image and adsorption distribution coefficient curve, it can be seen that as the grinding mesh size of the sample increases, the end face increases, and even layered muscovite is peeled off. In the alkaline region, the adsorption distribution coefficient slightly increases, but the adsorption distribution coefficient is all less than 100. A small amount of Np(Ⅴ) is enriched in fine-grained to extremely fine-grained minerals, related to finer sediment. The adsorption of Np(Ⅴ) by muscovite is weak and not dominant. Np(Ⅴ) mainly migrates with groundwater in muscovite minerals.

The morphology of the liquid precipitation phase of micro alloys Ti， Nb， and V in 42CrMo steel continuous casting billets was observed， as well as the changes of the liquid precipitation phase after heating and rolling， then the formation mechanism was derived by using thermodynamic calculations. The results showed that Ti and Nb precipitated in the form of composite carbonitrides can be observed in 42CrMo steel 410 mm ×530 mm continuous casting billets with Ti 0. 012%，Nb 0. 030%， V 0. 030%， N 0. 003 5%， which was formed a micrometer scale liquid precipitation phase. Those with higher Ti content（70%-83%）were mostly polygonal blocks， while others with higher Nb content（70%-85%）were mostly thin films or irregular blocks， and no significant V segregation in the liquid phase； The carbonitrides precipitation phases of Ti and Nb can dissolve and grow together， the liquid precipitation with higher Nb content grew into blocks with the liquid precipitation with higher Ti content as the core， while some phases nucleate and grew with sulfides as the core or basal planes； There were many carbonitrides liquid precipitation phase in the center of continuous casting billets， and their sizes were relatively large （ up to 35 μm）， but its quantity and size under the surface were relatively small （below 10μm）； After heating and rolling the continuous casting billet at 1 200 ℃， liquid precipitation phase can be partially dissolved， resulting in a decrease in quantity and size， and it will break during the rolling process.

Pyrethroids (PYRs) are widely used as pesticides due to low toxicity and high efficacy; however, PYRs residues have caused increasingly serious environmental and food safety problems. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), one of the major intermediate degradation products of PYRs, is more stable and toxic than the parent pesticides, and its residue can further aggravate environmental and agricultural product pollution. In recent years, filamentous fungal degradation of PYRs and 3-PBA has been reported, and research on this topic mainly focuses on strain screening, degradation characteristics, degradation pathways and localization of degradation enzymes. Unfortunately, key enzymes and their encoding genes involved in the degradation process are rarely reported. With the development of sequencing technology, molecular biology technology has provided a new strategy to mine PYR-degrading enzymes and their encoding genes in filamentous fungi. In this article, the basic properties, residues status and hazards of PYRs and 3-PBA are described. The filamentous fungi capable of degrading PYRs and 3-PBA, and their degradation pathways and degrading enzymes are reviewed. In addition, future prospects for the development of methods for screening and verification of degrading enzymes and their encoding genes are discussed. We expect that this review will provide a theoretical basis for understanding the degradation pathways and mechanisms of PYRs and 3-PBA by filamentous fungi and provide a reference for reducing residual pesticides in the environment and agricultural products.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of the integrated strategy in prevention and control of intestinal nematodiasis in Hongze County, so as to provide the evidence for formulating the control strategies and measures in the future., Methods: Since 1995, the integrated strategy has been carried out for intestinal nematodiasis, and the measures included deworming, health education, safe water, sanitation and environmental remediation. The effects of the integrated strategy were evaluated by the investigations of the prevalence of soil-transmitted nematodiasis, awareness of health knowledge and behaviors of residents., Results: From 1995 to 2014, 601 900 person-times were administrated with deworming medication and the coverage rate of villages and towns was 100%. The benefit rate of safe water was 100%. The popularity rate of harmless toilets was 92.77%. The prevalence of intestinal nematodiasis decreased from 26.04% in 1995 to 0.56% in 2014, and the difference had statistical significance ( χ 2 = 693.54, P < 0.01). The awareness rate of health knowledge and correct rate of health behaviors increased from 43.13% and 40.94% in 1995 to 98.00% and 96.80% in 2012, respectively ( χ 2 ＝ 181.97 and 182.14 respectively, P ＜0.01)., Conclusions: The prevalence of intestinal nematodiasis has been controlled effectively through the integrated strategy in Hongze County, Jiangsu Province.

Objective: To compare the effect of abdominal acupuncture and Chinese medicine on pain relieving in pelvic cavity in patients with endometriosis., Methods: Fifty-eight cases were randomly divided into 2 groups. Thirty cases were in abdominal acupuncture group and 28 cases in Chinese medicine group. Abdominal acupuncture points such as Zhongwan (CV 12), Xiawan (CV 10) and Qihai (CV 6), etc. were adopted for the abdominal acupuncture group, and Tianqi Tongjing Capsule (radix notoginseng capsule for dysmenorrhea) was taken by the Chinese medicine group. After a 3-month treatment, the scores of McGill pain questionaire, level of serum CA125, average value of the radial line of endometrial cyst of ovary and the sum of 3 radial lines of the uterus of patients with adenomyosis as the complication of both groups were observed before and after treatment., Results: The McGill estimation of 6 items for both groups improved obviously after treatment (all P < 0.01, except numbers of selected deseriptors in Chinese medicine group). The differences of the result of McGill estimation of 6 items after treatment had statistical significance, the scores in the abdominal acupuncture group were obviously better than those in the Chinese medicine group (all P < 0.01). The differences of CA125 levels within one group or between 2 groups had statistical significance (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The difference of the radial lines of patients with endometrial cyst of ovary within one group or between 2 groups after treatment had not statistical significance (all P > 0.05). For the value of 3 radial lines of the uterus of patients with adenomyosis within one group before and after treatment, only the difference in the abdominal acupuncture group had statistical significance (P < 0.01). The differences before and after treatment in the Chinese medicine group and the difference between 2 groups after treatment had no statistical significance (all P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Effect of abdominal acupuncture on relieving pain of pelvic cavity caused by endometriosis, reducing the level of serum CA125 is obverious than Tianqi Tongjing Capsule (radix notoginseng capsule for dysmenorrhea). However, the effects on reducing the size of the ovarian endometrial cyst and the size of uterus with adenomyosis are not significant. Therefore, it is concluded that abdominal acupuncture is a better choice for endometriosis with pain as the chief complaints.