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In the process of cultural migration, black Americans were greatly influenced by the white American dreams and formed their own unique ideals and ambitions. Ralph Ellison created the images of the underclass, middle and lower class, and the hybrid of black American in his literature and described the process of their search for the American Dream. To analyze the reasons for the disillusionment of the American Dream and reveal the difficult course of black Americans in realizing equality and freedom, democracy and justice so as to reflect the author's desire for the integration of black and white culture in the United States and the attention to the survival and dreams of black people play an important role in exploring the cultural identity of contemporary black people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Foreign Literature Studies is the property of Foreign Literature Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nanjing Normal University / Nanjing Shi Da Xue Bao (She Hui Ke Xue Ban) is the property of Nanjing Shifan Daxue and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Physical Education Institute / Shanghai Tiyu Xueyuan Xuebao is the property of Shanghai Physical Education Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Indian - black relationship in Five Civilized Tribes had transformed greatly in the 19th century. After the American Indians accepted the racist attitudes and theories of the white society since the late 18th and early 19th century, Five Civilized Tribes had established negro slavery gradually. Then, Indian - owned slave property became the main characteristic of Indian - black relationship. During the Reconstruction era, Five Civilized Tribes upon the huge pressure of the United States had to abolish negro slavery in their tribes and endow them with freedom and certain rights. But until the late 19th Century, the American Indians confronted with great economic and political pressures, thus beginning to discriminate violently against the ex - slaves and other blacks in Indian Territory. Even worse, racial antagonism emerged between the American Indians and the blacks. In conclusion, Indian - black relationship was almost similar to that of blacks and whites during the same period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

J. M. Coetzee probes into the significance and limitations of the humanities, the Christian redemption and Hellenism as the way of the post - colonial communication in his Elizabeth Costello: Eight Lessons. Coetzee believes that these three paradigms are controlled by human - centrism, rational - centrism and western - centrism so that they cant establish the channels of post - colonial communication. In this novel Coetzee has proposed the "sex of body" and "aesthetics of art" as the communication channels. However, these two communication modes also contain their own limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]