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Objective: To research the effects of Na-FA on gastrointestinal movement and gastriculcer in mice., Methods: Using charcoal powder as an indicator, the effects of FA-Na on bowel movement of mice was evaluated by determining the propulsive percent-age of charcoal powder in normal mice, inhibition of small intestinal propulsion model induced by Compound Diphenoxylate and spleen asthenia and diarrhea model caused by Rheum officinale Baill; The acute gastric ulcer model was induced by intragastric alcohol given orally, the protective effect of FA-Na given ahead on gastric injury was evaluated, the ulcer index and the inhibition ratio of ulcer was calculated., Results: FA-Na (intragastric administration) had inhibit effect on normal mice and diarrhea model caused by Rheum officinale, significantly synergetic effect on gastrointestinal asynersis induced by Compound Diphenoxylate, and protective effect on mice gastric mucosal injury cause by dehydrated alcohol. Compared with the positive control drug Ranitidine, the ulcer index and ulcer inhibition ratio large doses of FA-Na had no significant difference., Conclusion: The acute toxicity of FA-Na is very low, it has the effects of antidiarrheal and anti-gastric ulcer.

Objective: To observe the influences of Jianwei Yuyang (JWYY) granules on expressions of PS2 and platelet activating factor (PAF), and analyze its potential mechanism., Methods: 76 gastric ulcer patients were final diagnosed by gastroscope. They were randomly devided into 3 groups, including JWYY group (36 cases), Ranitidine group (36 cases) and Normal group (12 cases). Detection on Biospy Specimens of gastric mucosa to obseve the change of PAF, PS2 and the contents of aninohexose and phosphatide in ulcerated gastric mucosa for Immunohischemical and Western blotting., Results: The contents of aninohexose, phosphatide of PU patients increased in JWYY group. There was significant difference between JWYY group and Ranitidine group (P < 0.01). The Immunohischemical and Western blotting methods showed that there was a linear correlation between the the contents of phosphatide, anino-hexose and the expression of PAF, PS2 in PU patients (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: JWYY granule can prevent the occurrence and relaps of ulcer and affect the hydrophobicity of gastic mucosa and strengthen the stability of myxo-gellayer by reducing the expression of PAF, elevating the expression of PS2 and effecting the contents of phosphatide and aninohexose, that may be one of the mechanisms of JWYY to heal ulcer quickly.

Objective: To observe the effect of ranitidine on gastric acid, plasma endothelin, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in patients undergoing the brain operation, and to explore the possible pathogenesis of ranitidine on preventing from gastric mucosal injury under the stress., Methods: Thirty patients who underwent brain surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups: Fifteen patients in the control group did not use ranitidine and the other 15 in the treatment group received ranitidine 150 mg intravenously twice daily besides the routine therapy. We continuously monitored the gastric pH value from 4 hours pre-operatively to 72 hours post-operatively in the 30 patients. We also determined the plasma endothelin and CGRP levels of the patients at the 4th hour pre-operatively and at the 4th, 24th, and 72nd hours post-operatively., Results: In the control group there was no significant difference between the mean intra-gastric pH values pre-operatively and post-operatively (P> 0.05). In the treatment group the level of intra-gastric pH was much higher than that in the control group (P< 0.05). In the control group, the level of plasma endothelin significantly higher and the level of calcitonin gene-related peptide significantly lower than that pre-operatively (P< 0.01), but the level of plasma endothelin significantly was lower and the level of calcitonin gene-related peptide obviously higher in the post-operative treatment group than that pre-operatively (P< 0.01)., Conclusion: The brain operation obviously influences the endogenous plasma endothelin and CGRP levels, but its influence on the intra-gastric acid is not visible. Ranitidine can obviously decrease the level of intra-gastric acid, and improve the macrocirculation of gastric mucous membrane by decreasing ET and increasing the CGRP level.

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine on patients with peptic ulcers., Methods: One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into 6 groups. Another 10 patients as the control group were confirmed with no peptic ulcers by endoscope, but had digestive tract symptoms. The clinical effects were compared among each group after the one month treatment., Results: The clinical effects of the combination of Jianweiyuyang granules and ranitidine capsules were better than those of western medicine, with improvement in symptoms and syndrome (P < 0.01 to 0.05), but there was not significant difference with the rate of ulcer healing and the Hp clearance among the combination of Jianweiyuyang granules and ranitidine capsules, Jianweiyuyang granules, and ranitidine capsules (P > 0.05). The combination of Jianweiyuyang granules and ranitidine capsules could significantly upregulate the expression of MUCSAC mRNA (P < 0.01), while downregulate the expression of ETAR mRNA (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: There is obvious advantage in treating peptic ulcers by the combination of Jianweiyuyang granules and ranitidine capsules, and its mechanisms may be to protect the gastric mucosal barrier by up-regulating the expression of MUCSAC mRNA and to improve the gastric mucosal blood flow by down-regulating the expression of ETAR mRNA.

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of modified Zhizhu pill (ZZP) in treating gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and to explore its mechanism., Methods: Sixty-three GERD patients were randomly divided into the treated group (n = 30) and the control group (n = 33). The treated group was treated with ZZP 100 ml, twice daily by orally taking half an hour before meal. The control group was treated with Ranitidine 0.15 g, twice daily and Cisapride 10 mg, three times a day by orally taking before meal. The therapeutic course for both groups was 8 weeks. The changes of symptom scoring, endoscopic examination, esophageal pressure, 24 hrs monitoring on pH and blood level of motilin in the two groups were recorded and compared., Results: After treatment, the symptom scoring, esophageal pressure, 24 hrs monitoring on pH and blood motilin level were improved in both groups (P < 0.05), and the improvement in the treated group was more significant than that in the control group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: ZZP has good effect in treating GERD.

In recent years, amoxicillin (A) has been proved very effective in clearing helicobacter pylor (HP) and promoting ulcer healing. Is the cure due solely to the clearance of HP? Forty three Wistar rats were randomized into four groups to investigate the efficacy of A in preventing the experimental ulcer induced by reserpine and compare it with that of ranitidine (R) and antacid weishuping (W). A normal saline (NS) group was used as control. The total numbers of ulcer induced per rat for the NS, W, R and A groups were 7.8 +/- 5.1, 2.2 +/- 3.2, 1.0 +/- 1.2 and 2.1 +/- 1.9, respectively. The ulcer indices were 20.8 +/- 13.2, 4.5 +/- 7.7, 2.0 +/- 3.7 and 4.5 +/- 3.9, respectively. No HP was identified. The results indicated that A, R and W were all effective in preventing reserping induced ulcer with no significant difference (P > 0.05); they were significantly more effective than NS (P < 0.05). Since A is not an antacid and no HP existed in the experimental rats, there must be a mechanism of A involved in the prevention of experimental ulcer.

Effects of ranitidine (Ran) on ventricular refractory period and fibrillation threshold of normal and ischemic ventricle were investigated in pentobarbitone anesthetized rabbits. In saline-treated rabbits, relative refractory period (RRP) and effective refractory period (ERP) were shortened from 132 +/- 24 to 126 +/- 25 ms (n = 10, P < 0.05) and from 118 +/- 22 to 108 +/- 27 ms (n = 10, P < 0.05) in boundary zone of ventricular ischemic regions, respectively. The ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) was decreased from 5.5 +/- 1.4 to 2.8 +/- 1.1 V (n = 10, P < 0.01) after coronary artery ligation (CAL). Ran (25 mg.kg-1, i.v.) not only prevented these changes, but also lengthened RRP from 123 +/- 14 to 136 +/- 10 ms (P < 0.05) and ERP from 111 +/- 16 to 126 +/- 12 ms (P < 0.05), and increased VFT from 4.7 +/- 0.8 to 7.4 +/- 1.8 V (P < 0.01) in normal ventricle. The results suggest that Ran may have anti-arrhythmic effects in rabbits.

To test the efficacy of short-term ranitidine and antibacterial drugs in patients with H. Pylori associated duodenal ulcer disease and to compare the importance of acid and H. Pylori in ulcerogenesis, 90 outpatients were randomly assigned to one of five regimens: ranitidine, 150 mg in the morning and at bedtime; gentamicin, 40 mg tid; terramycin, 500 mg tid; furazolidone, 100 mg tid; or berberine, 300 mg tid. The patients were evaluated endoscopically, microbiologically and histologically before and 6 weeks after oral administration of the drugs. There were no significant differences among the 5 groups with regard to age, sex, duration of disease, nonsmokers and ulcer size. The efficacy of ranitidine and antibacterial drugs was as follows: ulcer healing: ranitidine 97%; antibacterial drugs 53%-67%; H. Pylori clearance, ranitidine 3%, antibacterial drugs 40%-60%; improvement of accompanying antral gastritis, ranitidine 7%, antibacterial drugs 67%-73%; disappearance of active antral gastritis, ranitidine 7%, antibacterial drugs 50%-71%. We conclude that the healing of duodenal ulcer is not influenced by the presence of H. Pylori, and does not appear to be associated with improvement of accompanying antral gastritis and disappearance of active antral gastritis. These findings suggest that acid secretion is more important than H. Pylori in ulcerogenesis.

This paper reports the use of Ranitidine in preventing upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage following thermal injury. In 12 hours after intravenous injection of Ranitidine, gastric pH was elevated from 3.25 +/- 0.26 to 5.16 +/- 0.47 (P less than 0.01) in twenty-one burn patients, with mean TBSA 62.6% +/- 17.2% (31%-87.5%), mean third degree BSA 41.4% +/- 18.3% (0-68%). The volume of gastric secretion was decreased from 15.81 +/- 4.4 ml to 2.85 +/- 0.9 ml. The free acid of gastric secretion was decreased from 25.74 +/- 4.42 mmol/L to 5.98 +/- 3.68 mmol/L (P less than 0.01). The total titratable acidity of gastric secretion was decreased from 44.76 +/- 5.76 mmol/L to 13.85 +/- 0.02 mmol/L (P less than 0.01). Three patients had occult blood in their gastric contents on admission, and it turned negative after Ranitidine therapy. However, during 1987-1988, the incidence of upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage of fifty-one patients with similar TBSA and third degree BSA burned was 21.6%. Changes in gastric secretion and lowered incidence of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage after Ranitidine therapy suggest that Ranitidine may be effective in preventing upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage following thermal injury.

We measured the bronchial response to histamine in 26 allergic asthmatics and 17 healthy subjects before and after the bronchial pretreatment with selective H2-receptor antagonist ranitidine. We also investigated the results of the new H1-receptor antagonist terfenadine on the prevention and treatment of asthma. Selective H1-receptor stimulation with histamine (pretreated with 18.5mg ranitidine) failed to enhance the effect of histamine in asthma group (P greater than 0.05), whereas it enhanced the histamine response obviously in healthy group (P less than 0.001). We conclude that: 1. BHR to histamine in allergic asthma is related to a functional depression of H2 receptors in airways; 2. terfenadine is useful in the prevention and treatment of asthma.

This article reports the results of second stage clinical trial on the treatment of peptic ulcer with jian-wei yu-yang (JWYY) tablets in comparison with a control group treated with ranitidine. The results showed that the cure rate for JWYY tablet group was 62.4% and its effective rate was 93. 8% in 354 cases, whereas the cure rate of the control group was 50.7% and its effective rate was 86. 4% in 140 cases. The differences between these two groups were highly significant (P less than 0.01). Based on syndrome differentiation, optimal effect was reached in treating liver stagnation and spleen deficiency syndrome and disharmony of liver and stomach syndrome. After one year follow up studies of the therapeutic effect, the recurrence rate of the JWYY tablet group was 17.7%, while that of the ranitidine group was 54.1%. In addition, JWYY tablet had no side-effects. These data indicated that JWYY tablets were a more effective therapeutic remedy for peptic ulcer.

Eighty patients with Campylobacter pylori-associated duodenal ulcer disease were randomly allocated to receive colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS)tablet 120 mg four times a day or ranitidine 150 mg twice daily in a trial comparing the effects of these drugs in short-term healing and post-healing relapse rates of duodenal ulceration. At 8 weeks 88.1% (37/42) of those on CBS and 92.1% (35/38) of those on ranitidine had ulcers healed. The difference is not significant. After ulcer healing, the cumulative rates of relapse, as determined endoscopically, for symptomatic and asymptomatic ulcers were 19.4% (6/31) for CBS and 46.7% (14/30) for ranitidine at 6 months (P less than 0.05) and 41.9% (13/31) for CBS and 73.3% (22/30) for ranitidine at 12 months (P less than 0.05). As campylobacter pylori was cleared in 35 of the 42 patients (83.3%) in the CBS group, while only one of the 38 patients (2.63%) in the ranitidine group (P less than 0.005), it is possible that the clearance of Campylobacter pylori by CBS is instrumental to the reduction of the rate of reulceration.

20 cases of hemophilia, including ten of hemophilia A , nine of hemophilia B and one of von Willebrand's disease (VWD), were treated with ranitidine. The results revealed that the levels of both factor VIII and IX were increased and the clinical symptoms of bleeding were ameliorated. The level of factor VIII in hemophilia A ranged from 5.27 +/- 3.94% before treatment and rose to 14.68 +/- 4.70% during the treatment period (P less than 0.001). The level of the factor IX in the patients with hemophilia B increased from 4.42 +/- 3.01% before treatment to 20.33 + 9.31% under treatment (P less than 0.001). Tn the patient with VWD the level of the factor VIII rose but the level of von Willebrand factor did not change. The drug has no side effect. The results of our study suggests that ranitidine therapy is effective and safe in hemophilia.

Indirect pieces of evidences indicate the correlation between insulin level and pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. In the present study, serum insulin releasing level after glucose loading was determined in 16 patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) using radioimmunoassay, and was compared with that of normal controls. The peak insulin level (PIL) in DU patients was significantly higher than that of normal individuals (P less than 0.05), the measurements of gastric acidity, insulin level and the gastroscopic examination were carried out both before and after the treatment. The rebound phenomenon of gastric acidity (BAO) was correlated to that of PIL (r = 0.85). The possible relationship between insulin level and DU was discussed.

The effects of two H2-receptor antagonists, ranitidine (Ran) and cimetidine (Cim), on the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) and dispersion of the refractory period in animals with early acute myocardial ischemia induced by coronary artery ligation (CAL) were studied. The measurement of VFT was obtained in anaesthetized rats. The control group showed a decrease in VFT from 6.7 +/- 0.4 to 3.1 +/- 0.7 V 5 min after CAL, while Ran (15 mg/kg iv) and Cim (40 mg/kg iv) increased VFT from 2.8 +/- 0.7 to 5.4 +/- 1.7 V and from 3.1 +/- 0.8 to 8.1 +/- 2.7 V, respectively. By means of suction electrodes, FRP in different ischemic zones were recorded in anaesthetized rabbits, and differences between FRP in different zones were taken as the dispersion of FRP. After CAL, the control group exhibited a prolongation of FRP in central ischemic zone and a shortening of FRP in boundary zone, i.e., a dispersion of FRP was increased. Both Ran (5 mg/kg iv) and Cim (25 mg/kg iv) markedly decreased the extent of dispersion of FRP. It is concluded that the anti-arrhythmic effects of Ran and Cim may be attributable to increases in VFT and decreases in dispersion of FRP.