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BackgroundAcne treatment cycle lasts long and will cause facial appearance damage. Many patients are prone to psychological problems and severe patients may even experience suicidal ideation.However， the influencing factors of psychological health problems in acne patients are still unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the mental health status of patients with moderate-to-severe acne and to analyze the influencing factors of their psychological health problems， so as to provide references for improving their mental health.MethodsA total of 120 patients with moderate-to-severe acne of grades II-IV were selected as the research subjects， who were treated in the dermatology outpatient department of the Third Hospital of Mianyang from June 2021 to June 2023. All subjects were evaluated by using the Acne-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire（Acne-QoL）， Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS）， Self-rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）， Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale （RSES） and Social Phobia Inventory （SPIN）. According to the evaluation results of SDS， SAS， RSES， SPIN， subjects were divided into a group with mental health problems （n=21） and a group without mental health problems （n=99）. Binary Logistic regression anaylsis was adopted to explore the influencing factors of psychological health problems in acne patients.ResultsA total of 21 patients （17.50%） were detected to have symptoms of depression， anxiety， inferiority or social dysfunction. Statistically significant difference was observed in comparison between two groups in gender， profession， acne classification， dietary habit， age， illness course as well as the factor scores of self perception， emotional function， social function and acne symptom in Acne-QoL （χ2=7.013， 23.123， 9.028， 11.327， t=9.913， 13.022， 4.081， 5.383， 5.361， 10.203，P

Considering the dual requirements of stability and low carbon, integrating clean coal power with carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) and combining new energy power generation with energy storage have become the inevitable trends of China’s power industry. This study investigates the typical cases regarding clean coal power, CCUS, new energy power generation, and energy storage in China and abroad, analyzing the trend of technological development. A levelling cost model is used to measure the economical efficiency and changes of “clean coal power + CCUS” in three stages: current stage, technological breakthroughs, and commercial application. The competitiveness of “clean coal power + CCUS” is evaluated by comparing it with the “new energy + energy storage” mode from three dimensions: economical efficiency, stability, and security. The results indicate that technological breakthroughs and commercialization of CCUS will reduce the cost of “clean coal power + CCUS” by 30.3%−77.6%. When the cost of CCUS is lower than 550 CNY/t CO2, “clean coal power + CCUS” is more competitive than the “new energy + energy storage” mode. When the cost of CCUS is lower than 150 CNY/t CO2, the cost of “clean coal power + CCUS” will be lower than that of “new energy + energy storage”. Moreover, advantageous technical routes and application scenarios of “clean coal power + CCUS” are calculated and analyzed based on the competitiveness and synergy of “clean coal power + CCUS” and “new energy + energy storage”. The breakthrough directions and technical path of zero-carbon clean coal power are proposed from the aspects of improving the complementarity of clean coal power, enhancing the competitiveness of “clean coal power + CCUS”, and promoting the optimal combination of coal power and new energy. Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed to promote the development of lowcarbon clean coal: (1) clarifying the preferential technology route, (2) strengthening the research and development of transformative and disruptive technologies, (3) improving the peak shaving capability of clean coal-fired power units, (4) promoting the coupling and coordinated development of coal-fired power and new energy, and (5) establishing a high-end composite talent support system.

This is an article in the field of metallurgical engineering, which proposed a new idea of mixing molten blast furnace slag with steel slag to achieve self-pulverization of steel slag, and systematically studied the influence mechanism of special components of CaF2 and CeO2 in blast furnace slag of Baotou Iron and Steel Company on the self-pulverization of steel slags. Using analytically pure CaO, SiO2, CaF2 and CeO2 as starting materials, pure C2S specimens were prepared with n ( CaO ) : n ( SiO2 ) = 2 : 1, then different mass fractions of CaF2 and CeO2 were added, respectively. The effect of CaF2 and CeO2 on the self-pulverization behavior of C2S was investigated by calcining the specimen at 1 450 °C for 1 h and cooling with the furnace. The results showed when CaF2 was incorporated into C2S and the content of CaF2 was less than 2.5%, it had little effect on the self-pulverization of C2S. However, when the content of CaF2 was more than 2.5%, the specimen had different degrees of agglomeration, which affected the self-pulverization of C2S. Considering that excessive CaF2 would affect the environment, the content of CaF2 should be controlled below 2.5%. When CeO2 incorporated into C2S and the content was 0.25%, C2S could still be completely self-pulverized, but when the CeO2 content was more than 0.5%, C2S no longer self-pulverized.Therefore, the CeO2 content must be less than 0.25 %, and the self-pulverization effect of C2S was relatively good.

This article elucidates the concept of large model technology, summarizes the research status of large model technology both domestically and internationally, provides an overview of the application status of large models in vertical industries, outlines the challenges and issues confronted in applying large models in the oil and gas sector, and offers prospects for the application of large models in the oil and gas industry. The existing large models can be briefly divided into three categories: large language models, visual large models, and multimodal large models. The application of large models in the oil and gas industry is still in its infancy. Based on open-source large language models, some oil and gas enterprises have released large language model products using methods like fine-tuning and retrieval augmented generation. Scholars have attempted to develop scenario-specific models for oil and gas operations by using visual/multimodal foundation models. A few researchers have constructed pre-trained foundation models for seismic data processing and interpretation, as well as core analysis. The application of large models in the oil and gas industry faces challenges such as current data quantity and quality being difficult to support the training of large models, high research and development costs, and poor algorithm autonomy and control. The application of large models should be guided by the needs of oil and gas business, taking the application of large models as an opportunity to improve data lifecycle management, enhance data governance capabilities, promote the construction of computing power, strengthen the construction of “artificial intelligence + energy” composite teams, and boost the autonomy and control of large model technology.

Objective To analyze the risk factors for postoperative fever in elderly patients after endoscopic mucosal dissection (ESD), and construct a predictive model. Methods The research subjects were 500 elderly patients who received upper gastrointestinal ESD treatment in The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from January 2023 to January 2024. They were divided into a modeling group (n=350) and a validation group (n=150) in a 7∶3 ratio. The modeling group of patients was divided into fever group and non-fever group based on whether they experience fever after ESD surgery. Data were collected from inpatient electronic medical record systems. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to screen factors and a predictive model was established in elderly patients after ESD. ROC curve was used to evaluate the discriminability of the predictive model. Results A total of 90 elderly patients who underwent ESD treatment experienced postoperative fever (T≥37.3℃), with a postoperative fever incidence rate of 25.71%. The proportion of women, history of diabetes, postoperative bleeding, maximum tumor diameter＞3cm, and catheter placement in the fever 〖JP+1〗group were higher than those in the non-fever group (P＜0.05). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis showed that women, history of diabetes, postoperative bleeding, maximum tumor diameter＞3cm, and placement of urinary catheter were independent risk factors for postoperative fever in elderly patients with ESD (P＜0.05). The predictive performance and calibration of the ESD postoperative fever prediction model were good, and with clinical practicality. Conclusion Women, history of diabetes, postoperative hemorrhage, maximum tumor diameter＞3cm, and placement of urinary catheter are risk factors for postoperative fever in elderly patients with ESD. Medical personnel need to focus on these factors to predict the risk of postoperative fever. By building a prediction model, it can provide practical tools for early identification and prevention of postoperative fever in elderly patients with ESD.

Aiming at the difficulties of large plastic failure range of surrounding rock and insufficient strength of bolt support system of the “strong roof and weak side” semi coal-rock roadway, taking 8# coal seam mining roadway of a certain mine as the engineering background, based on the test of surrounding rock mechanical performance, visual observation of drilling and loose zone test at different lane heights, the surrounding rock mechanics and macroscopic plasticity of the roadway are summarized. It is concluded that the coal seam of the roadway is not only the weakest point affecting the overall stability of the roadway, is also the most important part of supporting. By establishing numerical analysis model, deformation and bearing characteristics, stress distribution of surrounding rock of this kind of roadway are analyzed. The surrounding rock control measures for strengthening the weak part of the wall are proposed and carried out. The results show that the support measures of “bolt + tilted and crossing layer cable + strong protective surface component ” can make the coal seam placed in a triaxial state of stress, restrained its extrusion deformation, and exerted an active stabilizing effect.

To solve the current problems of fermented glutinous rice wine produced with traditional Jiuqu as a fermentation starter such as unstable quality, weak aroma and high alcohol content, this study selected non-Saccharomyces yeast strains with ester-producing and aroma-enhancing characteristics from traditional Jiuqu by analyzing the structure of its fungal community, and explored the effects of co-fermentation with each selected strain and Rhizopus arrhizus on the volatile flavor components of fermented glutinous rice wine. The results showed that Ascomycota and Mucoromycota were the dominant fungal phyla in Jiuqu and Rhizopus and Saccharomycopsis were the major fungal genera. Four non-Saccharomyces yeast strains, JLY1–JLY4, were obtained, and JLY1 and JLY2 were identified by sequencing as Saccharomycopsis fibuligera, while JLY3 and JLY4 as Torulaspora delbrueckii and Wickerhamomyces anomalus, respectively. Co-fermentation with JLY2 and Rhizopus arrhizus increased the number of volatile components from 46 to 62 compared with the control group, increasing the numbers of esters and alcohols and significantly increasing the relative contents of major flavor compounds such as isoamyl alcohol, phenylethanol, and phenylethyl acetate. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed on 40 volatile flavor components shared by fermented glutinous rice wines, and 20 differential flavor substances were selected using the cut-off of variable importance for the projection (VIP) value ≥ 1, including 5 alcohols, 10 esters, 3 acids, 1 aldehyde or ketone, and 1 alkane. Differential substance analysis and sensory evaluation indicated that JLY1 and JLY2 were better than the other strains in terms of ester production and aroma enhancement, and synergistic fermentation significantly enhanced the contents of volatile flavor substances in fermented glutinous rice wine and consequently improved its quality.

In order to improve the stability and functional properties of casein-derived bioactive peptides (CP) in yogurt, the peptides were microencapsulated using sodium alginate and sucrose fatty acid esters as the wall material, which was determined based on encapsulation efficiency and peptide loading, and the developed microcapsules were applied in yogurt. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) proved the successful encapsulation of the peptides. The microcapsules had good sustained release properties, and the release rate was (62.57 ± 1.17)% after 3 h of intestinal digestion. The microencapsulated bioactive peptides improved the water-holding capacity, hardness and viscosity of yogurt, and the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging ability of yogurt with the bioactive peptides was (63.73 ± 1.97)%. The microencapsulated bioactive peptides were not degraded during yogurt fermentation by lactic acid bacteria, and the functional properties of yogurt were enhanced by addition of the bioactive peptides.

The postmortem conversion of muscle to meat goes through a series of complex physiological and biochemical changes, among which protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) are key factors affecting meat quality. Glycolysis is the major energy supply pathway in postmortem muscle. PTMs can change the function and structure of pyruvate kinase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the glycolytic pathway, which can in turn affect meat quality. Beginning with an overview of the structure and function of pyruvate kinase, this article reviews the recent research progress on the effects of PTMs of pyruvate kinase on its function and structure and the effects of pyruvate kinase phosphorylation, acetylation and S-nitrosylation on meat quality.

In order to investigate the effect of curing time on the edible quality and oxidative characteristics of compound low-sodium yak meat products, in this experiment, complex low-sodium yak meat was selected to investigate the effects of curing time (12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 h) on the edible quality and oxidative characteristics. The results showed that prolonging the curing time significantly reduced the cooking loss (P

Initiating from omics, the research aimed to discover and filter oat active peptides effective against hyperuricemia, and to study the operational mechanism of these oat active peptides in treating hyperuricemia. In the present study, RNA was extracted from oat grains for high-throughput transcriptomic sequencing, and oat grain protein sequences were acquired by comparing with a reference genome and quantifying the expression of protein-coding genes. Active components of oat peptides were selected by employing high-throughput enzymolysis in silico, Peptide Ranker, and ADME/T. Network pharmacology were utilized to discover active peptides from oat proteins that were effective against hyperuricemia. The findings indicated that for 'Bayou No.1' and 'Baiyan No.7' oat grains, the counts of protein sequences expressed with under 90% repeatability during the grain formation and grain-filling phases were respectively 6310, 3157, and 5804, 5107. The optimal peptide library was from the protein sequences of 'Bayou No.1' naked oat in the grain-filling stage, processed through simulated enzymatic digestion in silico with proteinase K, yielding a library with 42 oat active peptides predicted to have potential activity and favorable pharmacological properties. The initial screening revealed key oat active peptides sequences against hyperuricemia to be PPF, PPPL, MPF, MPL, and PPPF, potentially targeting genes like ALB, IL1B, SRC, CASP3, and STAT3, influencing pathways in cancer, lipid and atherosclerosis, and chemically induced carcinogenesis-receptor activation to mitigate hyperuricemia. Molecular docking showed that binding energy

The types，preparation methods，thermal and mechanical properties of rare earth hafnate materials and their corrosion behaviors exposed to low melting point silicate（CMAS） and high temperature water vapor are summarized. The previous investigations indicate that the rare earth hafnates have the characteristics of low thermal conductivity，excellent high-temperature phase stability and good resistance to CMAS corrosion，which shows a favorable application prospect in the field of thermal/environmental barrier coatings（T/EBCs）. However，in order to overcome the limitations of a single-phase rare earth hafnate exposed to water vapor corrosion and CMAS，it is still necessary to carry out systematic studies on multi-rare earth components/high-entropy rare earth hafnate in the future，and further clarify the mechanism of influence of lattice distortion caused by components on physical and chemical properties of materials. Moreover，the coupled control method of thermal，mechanical and chemical properties of hafnate with integrated functions such as thermal protection，water vapor corrosion resistance and CMAS resistance and their corresponding material preparation processes should be explored.

Oral health is an integral component of overall well-being, with the oral cavity serving as a channel for external communication and expression of emotions such as stress and pessimism. Oral diseases can intensify feelings of depression, whereas depression can worsen oral health conditions. As a crucial part of the human microbiome, an imbalance in oral microbiota can release oral pathogenic microbes, which, through pathways including the circulation, nervous, and immune systems, can reach the brain and significantly affect the central nervous system. This can lead to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, further intensifying the development of depression. Similarly, an imbalance in oral microbiota in individuals with depression can intensify the occurrence of oral diseases. The relationship between depression and oral diseases is not isolated but rather a complex interplay in which they mutually influence and act as causative factors. To elucidate the causal relationship between oral diseases and depression and devise strategies for the prevention and treatment of both conditions, we explore the interaction mechanisms between oral diseases and depression from the perspective of oral microbiota. The occurrence of dental caries, periapical periodontitis, and periodontal diseases is closely associated with the excessive proliferation of specific bacteria in the oral cavity, such as Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. These bacteria can directly invade the brain through the compromised blood-brain barrier, activating pro-inflammatory cytokines and worsening depressive symptoms. Inflammatory conditions and ulcers in the oral mucosa are caused by various factors, including infection and immune abnormalities. Because of compromised immune function in individuals with depression, these inflammatory responses are often more severe and difficult to control. Malocclusion, trigeminal neuralgia, and temporomandibular joint disorders increase the risk of depression because of psychological stress and changes in the immune system. We also outline the diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for oral diseases in patients with depression, emphasizing the importance of early intervention for disease management. Future research will explore the therapeutic potential of oral microbiota in individuals with depression, with the aim to improve symptoms and treatment outcomes by adjusting oral microbiota, thus providing novel avenues for the prevention and treatment of depression.

[Objective] Soybean-corn strip intercropping is an important way to solve the conflict between corn and soybean plantings for land and maintain national food security. This study aimed to examine the impact of strip intercropping on production efficiency and its mechanism, to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the yield-enhancing effect of strip intercropping technology. [Methods] This study was based on the survey data from the soybean and corn strip intercropping areas in the Huang-Huai-Hai (Shandong and Henan Provinces) and southwest (Sichuan and Yunnan Provinces) regions. The impact of strip intercropping on production efficiency was quantitatively calculated using the stochastic frontier production function (SFA) and endogenous transformation model (ESR). [Results] (1) The implementation of strip intercropping technology had a significant negative impact on the value of production efficiency loss, indicating that strip intercropping significantly improved agricultural production efficiency. (2) In the higher row ratio areas, southwestern planting areas, and among large-scale operators, the strip intercropping technology had a higher effect in promoting production efficiency. (3) Strip intercropping promotes total output growth by maintaining corn yields while achieving an extra harvest of beans, and it reduces fertilizer inputs and increases labor and machinery outsourcing services, inducing factor allocation changes. (4) Participation in strip intercropping significantly affected the production efficiency of neighboring farmers in the same village, that is, there was a significant spatial spillover effect of strip intercropping at the village scale. [Conclusion] Starting from establishing a fiscal subsidy system, providing scientific and technological guidance, ensuring the supply of agricultural inputs and agricultural production services, and leveraging demonstration effects, we can promote the strip intercropping of soybean and corn, and improve production efficiency under the constraints of limited water and soil resources.

Recently, adeno-associated virus(AAV)vectors have been a hotspot in gene therapy and have shown great potential for rare diseases therapy, due to their low pathogenicity, mild immunogenicity and high tissue specificity. The safety and efficacy of AAV vectors, which are essentially infectious viruses, require new bioanalytical techniques to assess. At present, the relevant industry guidelines have specified the needs for the assessment of biodistribution, shedding, and immunogenicity, but the requirements related to bioassay are limited. In this paper, we reviewed the bioanalytical techniques and pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics(PK/PD)research of AAV vectors and their challenges from four aspects: biodistribution, shedding, immunogenicity and PK/PD research, with the hope of providing some reference for the clinical development of AAV vectors gene therapy products.

In order to explore the effects of in vitro fermentation of quinoa water insoluble dietary fiber and exogenous addition of lactic acid bacteria on the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), fecal filtrate (FF) from healthy subjects either alone or in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum was used to ferment quinoa water insoluble dietary fiber in vitro. The production of SCFAs was determined by gas chromatography (GC), and the changes in microbial community structure and abundance in the fermentation broth were analyzed by 16S rDNA sequencing. The results showed that the addition of quinoa insoluble dietary fiber and L. plantarum could change the structure and abundance of the gut microbiota. At the phylum level, the addition of quinoa insoluble dietary fiber and L. plantarum increased the abundance of Bacteroidota after 12 h of fermentation. At the genus level, quinoa insoluble dietary fiber increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria (Prevotella). Compared with the in vitro fermentation of quinoa water insoluble dietary fiber with FF, the exogenous addition of L. plantarum significantly increased the production of SCFAs. In summary, the in vitro fermentation of quinoa water insoluble dietary fiber by L. plantarum could significantly change the abundance and diversity of the intestinal microbiota, and promote the production of SCFAs, which is beneficial to intestinal health.

In order to explore the effects of melatonin (MT) treatment on cold resistance in apricot fruits, Xinjiang-grown ‘Saimaiti’ apricot fruits were treated with MT or distilled water as a control at 0.05 MPa for 2 min followed by atmospheric pressure for 8 min. During 49 days of storage at (0 ± 0.5) ℃ and relative humidity of 90%–95%, chilling injury index, incidence of chilling injury, cell membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide anion (O2-·) production rate, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, antioxidant content, energy substance content and related enzyme activity were measured every 7 days, and mitochondrial structure was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that MT treatment effectively inhibited the increase of cell membrane permeability and the accumulation of MDA during storage, significantly reduced the incidence and index of chilling injury, and delayed the occurrence of chilling injury symptoms. In addition, compared with the control group, MT treatment enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), aseorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), inhibited the increase of O2-· production rate and the accumulation of H2O2, increased glutathione (GSH) content, delayed the decrease of ascorbic acid (ASA) content, and effectively maintained the balance of intracellular ROS. MT treatment could also effectively delay the decrease of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) and H+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase during storage, maintain high levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and energy state, and preserve the integrity of mitochondrial structure and function. In conclusion, MT treatment could enhance the cold resistance of apricot fruits by regulating the energy metabolism and antioxidant capacity. This provides a new theoretical basis for chilling injury control of apricot fruits.

Laser additive manufacturing （LAM） enables the integrated direct formation of high-performance metallic components with complex geometry. However， the non-uniform distribution of temperature gradients， in-situ heat treatment effects， non-equilibrium solid phase transformations， and heterogeneous microstructure during the process result in intricate residual stresses that significantly affect the quality and overall performance. A comprehensive review of residual stress in LAM by introducing its fundamental definition and classification is provided in this paper. Furthermore， the particularity， formation mechanisms， characterization methods， and regulation techniques associated with residual stress in LAM is systematically reviewed. The subsequent sections introduce various characterization methods for residual stress in LAM components， along with their respective characteristics. Additionally， the applicability， advantages， and disadvantages of each method are presented. Furthermore， the methods for controlling residual stress can be categorized into post-treatment control and in-situ treatment control. Finally， the joint effect of different types of residual stress should be considered in the study of the cause and evolution mechanism of residual stress in LAM. The characterization method of residual stress should be integrated with various methods to facilitate mutual verification. To mitigate the impact of stress concentration on the printing process and resultant quality， as well as minimize the influence of post-processing stress on part accuracy， it is imperative to investigate in-situ control methods for residual stress and explore real-time online monitoring techniques for LAM.

Refractory high entropy alloys have excellent high temperature mechanical properties， but the high temperature oxidation resistance has always been one of the limiting factors in their application. Four kinds of refractory high entropy alloys AlNbTaTiZr， AlMoNbTiZr， AlMoNbTaTiZr and AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr were designed and prepared by laser additive manufacturing technology. The oxidation mass gain of AlNbTiZr-based refractory high entropy alloys was measured at 900 ℃ and 1000 ℃， and the oxidation layer structure of different samples was studied. The effects of Mo and Ta on the high temperature oxidation resistance of AlNbTiZr-based refractory high entropy alloys were compared and analyzed. The results show that the four kinds of as-deposited high entropy alloys prepared by laser additive manufacturing are BCC＋HCP dual-phase structures. The dendrites are mainly BCC phases with high melting points， and a small amount of HCP phase rich in Al and Zr is distributed among the dendrites. AlNbTaTiZr shows the best oxidation resistance after oxidation at 900 ℃ and 1000 ℃ for a long time， and Ta instead of Mo to some extent improves the oxidation resistance of refractory high entropy alloys.

Background and objective Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) is a rare subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which is featured by low incidence, high malignancy rate, robust aggressive behavior and inferior prognosis. To date, there is no standardized treatment. The aim of this study is to better understand and accumulate more clinical experience of the disease by summarizing the clinicopathological features, diagnosis methods, therapeutic regimen and prognostic factors of PSC. Methods A total of 39 patients with PSC who diagnosed and received treatment in Beijing Chest Hospital from December 2013 to December 2023 were retrospectively recruited, and information including demographic characteristics, clinicopathological features, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, diagnosis method and therapeutic regimen were carefully collected. Meanwhile, follow-up was conducted. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the prognostic factors of the disease. Results The PSC patients in this study ranged in age from 45 to 76 years old, including 35 males and 4 females. There were no specific clinical manifestations of PSC at initial diagnosis. Among the 39 patients, 20 underwent surgical resection and 19 received palliative chemoradiation or symptomatic supportive treatment. The 1-year and 5-year survival rates were 61.90% and 35.20% respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that family history of carcinoma, primary tumor site, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, whether or not received surgical resection, surgical method, treatment regimens, tumor tissue programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression ≥1% and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) pathway abnormalities were correlated with the overall survival (OS) of patients (P

The gas-liquid two-phase flow widely exists in nuclear energy, chemical industry, petroleum engineering, and other industrial production fields. Two-phase flow will occur in pressurized water reactors during normal operation and accident conditions. The distribution of void fraction and interfacial area concentration in rod bundle channels has an important influence on the flow resistance, heat transfer, critical heat flux, and power distribution of the reactor. The complex geometric structure of rod bundle channels brings a great challenge to the local experimental measurement of two-phase flow. As a result, the existing database of the interfacial structure parameters in rod bundle channels is still insufficient, which greatly affects the accuracy of two-phase flow modeling. To clarify the transformation mechanism of the phase distribution in rod bundle subchannels and provide a database for future modeling, an experimental study of air-water two-phase flow in a 5×5 rod bundle channel was carried out in this paper. The four-sensor conductivity probe was used to measure the distribution of local two-phase flow parameters (void fraction, interfacial area concentration, bubble diameter, and bubble velocity) across the test section at 36.5 hydraulic diameters. The results show that with the increase of liquid phase velocity and the decrease of gas phase velocity, the “axial peak” gradually changes to the “wall peak” under the influence of radial force. The transition boundary of phase distribution is obtained and has a relatively accurate classification effect. The non-uniform void fraction distribution over the cross-section is observed, bubbles tend to gather in the central subchannels which are less affected by the wall and have a higher mass velocity. For the overall cross-section, the decrease of liquid phase velocity and the increase of gas phase velocity exacerbate the non-uniformity of bubble distribution. In the experimental conditions of this paper, the established correlation of void fraction and interfacial area concentration exhibits strong predictive capability. The average minimum relative error is ±18.2% and ±12.2% respectively. The drift flux model for the rod bundle channels should take into account various phase distribution types to enhance the modeling of distribution parameters. Furthermore, it is imperative to validate the model using comprehensive void fraction distribution databases to enhance the accuracy of prediction outcomes. Because of the small size of the bubble flow, the interfacial area concentration correlation established based on the vertical circular pipe database can also be used for rod bundle channels, but the modified correlation considering the influence of the bundle geometry on the bubble is more accurate. This study can provide a reference for the closure of the two-fluid model in the reactor thermal-hydraulic analysis program.

The research objectives are to reveal the eco-environmental quality of surface mining areas in semi-arid grasslands, separate the ecological cumulative effects of anthropogenic activities and examine their evolving trends. Based on the concept of ecological cumulative effects in mining areas, an assessment index called Surface Mining Areas Eco-environmental Evaluation Index (SMAEEI) and a quantitative evaluation model of ecological cumulative effects in mining areas suitable for semi-arid grasslands were developed. The Shengli Coalfield in Inner Mongolia was selected as the study site to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of regional eco-environmental quality and ecological cumulative effects from 1986 to 2020, and the differences between cumulative effects caused by major anthropogenic activities. The results show that: ① the SMAEEI is applicable to the surface mining areas in semi-arid grasslands and can objectively rank the eco-environmental quality across different land-cover types. The study area exhibited an extremely significant decline in eco-environmental quality over the past 35 years, with diminishing spatial differences. Open-pit mines, expanding urban areas, Xilin River wetlands, and northern grasslands experienced extremely significant or significant degradation trends. ② The quantitative evaluation model of ecological cumulative effects for the surface mining areas in semi-arid grasslands can exclude the influence of climate factors on ecosystems, effectively quantify the cumulative effects of human activities on mining area ecosystems, and reveal their direction, magnitude, and spatial extent. The Change of Ecosystem Service Value Cumulant (COESVC) in the study area decreased by a total of 11 861.570 3 million yuan, indicating a negative ecological cumulative effect and a decline in ecosystem services and functions. Areas with high and medium levels of negative accumulation were concentrated in degraded wetlands, grasslands, urban regions, and open-pit mines. ③ Surface mining and urban development exerted the most pronounced negative ecological cumulative effects per unit area. The former exhibited the most severe negative changes per unit time, and the latter had the greatest local impact and deviation in negative cumulative effects. Grazing resulted in negative ecological cumulative effects over a wider range and in larger quantities but with the least local impact. Compared with other human activities, the ecosystem services and functions were more stable in relation to grazing. The research outcomes facilitate the shift from the physical quantity changes of the ecological environment caused by human activities in mining areas to value-based descriptions, providing a feasible method for estimating the environmental damage costs of regional production and living behaviors in monetary terms.

Fly ash-based paste-filling mining can not only effectively control land subsidence and increase the coal recovery rate, but it also solves the problem of fly ash accumulation in coal-fired power plants. The release of ammonia from fly ash-based filling paste contaminates the air environment of the coal mine filling face, necessitating immediate remediation. This study proposes a new method of using ultrasound to promote the release of paste ammonia. Through the ultrasonic treatment of fly ash slurry, the ultrasonic time (A), ultrasonic power (B) and solid-liquid ratio (C) are used as investigation factors. The results show that the ammonia release rate increases first and then decreases with the increase of ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power and solid-liquid ratio, and reaches the maximum when the ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power and solid-liquid ratio are 30 min, 80 W and 1∶10, respectively. The response surface experiment is conducted on the basis of single factor test to establish a regression model. The optimal experimental parameters are determined by response surface optimization. The results show that the order of influencing factors is: A > B > C, AB > AC > BC. The optimum experimental parameters for ammonia removal are as follows: ultrasonic time is 32 min, ultrasonic power is 80 W, and solid-liquid ratio is 1∶7.7. Through verification, it is found that there is only a relative error of −1.6% between the measured value and the predicted value. The optimized experimental parameters are used to treat the fly ash to prepare the filling paste to determine the ammonia release amount. It is found that the ammonia release amount of the paste is reduced by 95.94%. The ammonia release rate increases by 84.02%, and the uniaxial compressive strength of the paste at 3 d and 28 d increases by 185.00% and 86.50%, respectively. The slump, bleeding rate and setting time are decreased, and the number of harmful pores in the paste is reduced, so that the porosity is decreased from 33.58% to 28.13%. It provides a new method for the ammonia release treatment of the fly ash-based filling paste.

Objective: The production process of esterified Monascus bran koji was optimized, and its effect on Luzhou-flavor liquor was explored. Methods: Five strains of Monascus were screened from Daqu, and the esterifying enzyme production ability of the strains was detected by the ester decomposition method. The strain with the most prominent enzyme production ability was selected to prepare Monascus bran koji. The koji-making process was optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments and applied to liquor production. Results: Among the five strains, the J-3 strain had the strongest ability to produce esterification enzyme. Under the conditions of 50% moisture, 4% inoculation amount, pH 4.0 and 32 ℃ culture temperature, the esterification enzyme activity was as high as 77.78 mg/g bran koji. The bran koji was added to the fermented grains according to different inoculation amounts. Compared with the fermented grains without bran koji, when the inoculation amount of bran koji was 1%, the content of ethyl acetate in the fermented grains increased by 4.84 times, and the content of ethyl caproate increased by 3.55 times. When the inoculation amount was 1.5%, the content of ethyl butyrate increased by 4.72 times. The addition of esterified Monascus bran koji can improve the utilization rate of alcohol and starch, and significantly increase the total ester content in fermented grains. Conclusion: Adding Monascus bran koji to fermented grains according to the appropriate inoculation amount can improve the quality of Luzhou-flavor liquor.

Objective: In order to solve the phenomenon of low mechanical shelling efficiency and high kernel breakage rate of hazelnut, a vertical cone shell breaking machine was designed with automatic adjustment of clearance through compression spring. Methods: The key structure of the shell breaker was composed of three core components: the vertical cone inner roller, the slatted screen outer roller and the pressure spring device, and the stress of the hazelnuts in the shelling cavity of the shell breaker was analyzed. Results: The main parameters of the vertical cone hazelnut shell breaker were determined: the taper of the uniform cone was 30°, the inclination angle of the inner roller bus was 75°, the half cone angle was 15°, the surface groove was spiral, the groove depth was 3 mm, the inclination angle of the outer roller bus was 73°, the half cone angle was 17°, the free stroke of the compression spring design was 230 mm, the middle warp was 160 mm, the wire diameter was 24 mm, the effective number of turns was 6, the total number of turns was 8, and the effective speed range of the inner roller was 229.2～881.5 r/min. Conclusion: This design can automatically adjust the compression amount of the vertical cone shell breaker and adjust the shell breaking gap through the feeding amount, which can adapt to the fruit shape size of different hazelnuts, so that the hazelnut shelling efficiency and kernel preparation rate can be improved.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of platelet microparticles(PMPs) in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and their relationship with renal injury. Methods Thirty DN patients, 30 T2DM patients without DN and 30 healthy controls were enrolled. Flow cytometry was used to detect the quantity and phenotype of PMPs, and ELISA was used to measure the levels of plasma renin, angiotensin Ⅱ (angiotoninⅡ, AngⅡ), vascular endothelial growth factor (vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF) and transforming growth factor-β1(transforming growth factor-β1, TGF-β1). Kidney function was determined by blood biochemistry. Results The quantity of PMPs in the DN group was (1 564±346) particles/μL, which was significantly higher than that in the non-DN group (1 246±312) particles/μL and the control group (1 223±299) particles/μL (P

Phosphatase and tensin-homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is an important cancer suppressor gene. Its pathogenic mutation leads to PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), a rare syndrome also known as Cowden syndrome, which is relevant to early-onset hereditary breast cancer (BC). In this paper, we report three patients with unilateral multicentric BC and synchronous and metachronous bilateral BC who harbored PTEN gene mutations, and summarize the clinical manifestations, pathological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up outcomes to provide reference for management of PTEN gene mutation-related BC among the Cowden syndrome population.

Fractures are crucial for the high and stable production of natural gas from the tight sandstone reservoirs in the second member of the Xujiahe Formation in the Western Sichuan Depression, Sichuan Basin. The development of these fractures is controlled by the configuration interfaces of sand bodies formed under different sedimentary environments. Through field outcrop surveys, core observations, logging identification, and detailed characterization of lithofacies, a classification scheme for sand body configuration interfaces was proposed for the second member of the Xujiahe Formation in the Western Sichuan Depression. These interfaces were identified and classified into second to fourth levels. The study clarified the characteristics and geological significance of fractures under different levels of configuration interfaces. These interfaces controlled the occurrence, opening degree, development degree, and storage-permeability capacities of reservoir fractures. The effective control ranges of the second and third level interfaces were 0-0.35 m and 0-3 m, respectively, while the fourth level interface had a larger control range (0-11 m). The development characteristics of fractures differed under different configuration interfaces. Specifically, fractures were underdeveloped at the second level interfaces; fairly developed at the fourth level; and most developed at the third level, primarily as low-angle dipping fractures. Fracture orientations were predominantly NNE-SSW, SEE-NWW, and SSE-NNW, with more fractures having larger openings (>0.04 mm) and larger dip angle. There was a clear positive correlation between core porosity and permeability in the fracture development under the control of the multi-level interfaces. Fractures at the third level interface had the strongest improvement effect on reservoir physical properties and made the highest contribution to oil and gas production, followed by the fourth level interface, with the second level interface being the least effective. Clarifying the control of different levels of configuration interfaces on fracture development is conducive to the effective development of tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the study area.

[Introduction] Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a technology for storing electrical energy on a large scale, only second to pumped storage in terms of scale. The gas storage device is an important component of CAES. The gas storage facilities of compressed air energy storage power plants that have been put into commercial operation domestically and abroad are mostly natural geological structures such as salt caverns and abandoned mines. Large-scale, long-term compressed air energy storage requires more economical and widely applicable gas storage facilities. [Method] Artificial underground cavern gas storage facilities largely freed compressed air energy storage power plants from the reliance on specific geological conditions, becoming a strong support for the large-scale construction of long-term compressed air energy storage power plants. However, there were few research achievements in this field domestically and internationally. Understanding the research status at home and abroad, summarizing advanced experiences from other industries, and clarifying the challenges that need to be addressed urgently in this field had significant implications for the large-scale construction of compressed air energy storage power plants. [Result] There are significant differences in the operating characteristics between artificial underground caverns in compressed air energy storage power plants and conventional artificial caverns such as natural gas storage facilities and hydroelectric water conveyance tunnels, and there is a lack of mature design methods and regulations for this field, with many technological challenges still awaiting resolution. This paper reviews the characteristics and key research contents of underground artificial caverns in compressed air energy storage power plants. [Conclusion] Prioritizing safety, considering cost-effectiveness and fostering innovation provide a guarantee for the independent development of the underground hard rock gas storage facilities for compressed air energy storage power plants. This technology holds practical significance in enriching China's energy storage and power generation experiences, and improving new power systems. If this technology matures, it can provide strong support for the construction of a new power system in China.

To clarify the influencing factors and mechanisms of safety cognition among coal mine workers, reduce the occurrence of unsafe behaviors and accidents, and take safety attitude as a mediator, a hypothesis of the relationship between safety cognition, safety attitude, and safety cognition influencing factors is proposed. A structural process model is constructed using AMOS software. The research results indicate that all four factors have a significant positive impact on the safety awareness of miners, and the enterprise safety management system has the greatest impact; enterprise safety education and training, as well as the enterprise safety atmosphere, indirectly affect safety awareness through safety attitudes; on the one hand, the safety management system of enterprises and the safety support of managers directly affect safety awareness, and on the other hand, indirectly affect safety awareness by influencing individual safety attitudes.

In VSC-HVDC system for new energy island， surplus power consumption in the system during fault ride-through （FRT） is achieved by employing grouped AC energy-dissipating resistors of equal capacity. However， the presence of an excessively powered resistor group can inflict severe impacts on the system. Therefore， a novel optimal configuration method for energy-dissipating resistors with different capacities based on progression conversion and the switching strategy are proposed. Firstly， the operational characteristics of the grouped AC energy-dissipating resistors of equal capacity are analyzed. Subsequently， multiple groups of AC energy-dissipating resistors with varying capacities， collectively equivalent to the total capacity of the VSC-HVDC system， are configured， and different combinations of the resistors are employed to obtain varying dissipating powers. Finally， a model of the integrated grid is constructed and validated using the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method and switching strategy enhance the precision of resistor switching， mitigate system impacts， shorten fault recovery time， and precisely consumes surplus power during fault ride-through.

Iron-loaded coal gasification fine residue activated carbon (Fe/MAC) catalysts were prepared by the impregnation-calcination method using inexpensive coal gasification fine residue (CGF) as a carrier. The removal of simulated phenol from wastewater was experimentally investigated by activated carbon (Fe/MAC) catalysts with Fe-unloaded CGF activated carbon (MAC) as control. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specific surface area and micropore analyzer (BET) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effects of reaction times, reaction temperatures and catalyst dosages on phenol removal rate were systematically studied. The results showed that the iron was successfully loaded onto MAC by impregnation-calcination method, and the optimal conditions for phenol removal in the heterogeneous Fenton system based on Fe/MAC/H2O2 were 0.35 g of Fe/MAC catalyst dosage, 5 h of reaction time and 70 ℃. The results of this study provide a new idea for alleviating the secondary pollution of wastewater and catalyst separation of iron in the traditional Fenton method, expande the high-value application of coal gasification fine residue, and provide a new way for the efficient treatment of phenol wastewater.

In this paper，the regional full waveform inversion using the broadband waveforms recorded by China Seismic Network were conducted，and the focal mechanism solutions of the 59 earthquakes with M≥4.0 occurred in the mainland of China during March to June 2024 were obtained. The types of these focal mechanism solutions show 18 reverse faulting，33 strike-slip faulting，7 normal faulting and 1 odd earthquakes.

Surgery is the mainstay of lung cancer treatment options. Traditionally, lobectomy has held its place as the gold standard for treating localized lung cancer, while sublobar resection, including wedge resection and segmentectomy, was primarily considered as an alternative, often reserved for patient ineligible to sustain a radical intervention. However, with the widespread application of computed tomography (CT) to clinical practice, the increasing detection rate of pulmonary ground glass nodules (GGNs) has reshaped this landscape. Ground glass opacity (GGO) in persistent lung nodules is an indicative factor of a favorable prognosis, typically corresponding to pathological changes such as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), or adenocarcinomas predominantly featuring a lepidic growth pattern. A large number of retrospective studies have shown that sublobar resection can achieve satisfactory therapeutic outcomes for such lesions. A series of prospective studies from Japan have confirmed that for early-stage lung cancers dominated by GGOs, sublobar resection is also a viable curative surgical option. The follow-up data showed that there was no statistical difference in the survival status of these patients compared with that of pulmonary lobectomy. This article aims to delve into the role of limited lung resection in the context of lung adenocarcinoma presenting with GGO features.

Protein content in food is an important indicator of the nutritional value of food, and it is also related to food safety and many other issues, therefore it is significant to accurately determine the protein content for the valuation of food nutrition and safety. The main elements in food include carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen and sulphur, of which nitrogen mainly comes from protein. The average nitrogen content in protein is 16%, so the conversion factor for “nitrogen-to-protein” is 6.25. Therefore, the protein content in food can be obtained by measuring the nitrogen content of food combined with “nitrogen-to-protein” conversion factor. The traditional methods of protein detection are Kjeldahl method, spectrophotometry, and Dumas combustion. The Kjeldahl method is time-consuming and consumes a large amount of reagents, which can cause environmental pollution. Spectrophotometry is susceptible to interference and the quantitative curve is not easy to draw. Dumas combustion is expensive in terms of consumables. In this paper, a platform of tube furnace-quadrupole mass spectrometer was set up to analyze the protein content in food. Food samples were heated at high temperatures in a tube furnace and combusted in an oxygen-rich environment. After the gas products were ionized, they were directly introduced into a quadrupole mass analyzer for detection, which eliminated the need for processes such as oxidation-reduction, adsorption-desorption by using the selection ion scan function of the mass spectrometer. Five kinds of food samples with different protein contents were selected as research object. Each food sample was weighed at 1 g. The food samples were fully combusted in tube furnace at high temperature (1 300 ℃). The gas products were infused through a drying and filtering tube to remove water and smoke, and then entered the EI ion source through a capillary for ionization. By electronic ionization, nitrogen element characteristic ions, N+, NO+, and NO2+ are generated. The peak intensity of the NO2+ ions were detected by the selection ion scan function of the quadrupole mass analyzer. A standard curve for nitrogen quantification is plotted to be y=115.64x+1 896.9 with the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.99992 and the relative standard deviation (RSD) of 2.1%-6.1%. The nitrogen content can be calculated by using the peak intensity of NO2+ ions according to the standard curve. The experimental platform of tube furnace-mass spectrometer provides a green, rapid, accurate, and low-cost detection method for quantitative analysis of protein content in food.

In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and distilled water were used as raw materials, glycerol was used as plasticizer. The PVA/AgNPs composite films with different proportions of silver nanoparticles (0%, 1%, 2% and 4%) were prepared by solution casting method. The mechanical properties, barrier property and antibacterial property of the films were characterized. The suitable film was applied to the fresh-keeping of fresh noodles leaf, and its effect on the quality of fresh noodles leaf was studied. The results showed that 4% PVA/AgNPs films had better mechanical properties, barrier properties and antibacterial properties. The diameter of the inhibitory circle against Staphylococcus aureus reached 11.67±0.29 mm. PVA/AgNPs film with 4% nano-silver content was selected to preserve fresh noodles leaf and determine the quality changes of fresh noodles leaf during the storage period at 4 ℃. The preservation results showed that 4% PVA/AgNPs film could significantly delayed the growth of total colony counts, maintained the color, pH and acidity of the fresh noodles leaf during the storage period. Furthermore, 4% PVA/AgNPs film significantly reduced the cooking loss, improved the quality and the migration of the silver in the fresh noodles leaf, which the national standards. The above study showed that PVA/AgNPs film had the excellent antibacterial effect, and effectively maintained the quality of fresh noodle leaf and prolong the storage time, which can provide a new method for the packaging of noodle products.

Compared with fresh cream, recombined dairy cream has the advantages of low cost, high consistency between production batches, and good foam stability after whipping. It is widely used in industries such as coffee and tea beverages. However, due to the numerous ingredients and complex processes involved in its production, as well as the high requirements for static stability and whipping properties, the current market has heavily relied on imports, which leads to posing significant challenges to domestic dairy companies. The review first elucidated the mechanism of static instability occurring in recombined dairy cream during storage, including initial stable phase, phase separation, and creaming of fat globules, and discussed the factors influencing the rate and extent of instability at each stage. It elaborated on the interactions among fat globules, emulsifiers, and other components during storage and their impacts on the stability of recombined dairy cream. Furthermore, it delved into the process of partial coalescence and foaming during agitation of recombined dairy cream and the subsequent stabilization mechanism. It explicated the influence of solid fat content, fat crystallization characteristics, and emulsifier components on the partial coalescence of fat globules, which will provide technical support for the development and production process of recombined dairy cream products for domestic enterprises.

Compared with fixed offshore wind turbines, the vibration problem of floating offshore wind turbines is particularly prominent, and further reduction of the vibration of floating offshore wind turbines has become an engineering challenge. In order to solve this problem, a novel vibration suppression device, inerter-based absorber (IBA) is introduced, and the vibration control of semi-submersible offshore wind turbines is studied. A comprehensive optimization method, namely the structure-immittance approach, is utilized to design the IBA in a systematic way. In order to search for the optimum vibration suppression performance, a simplified dynamic model of the semi-submersible offshore wind turbine, and the IBA dynamic equations are established using D’Alembert’s principle. Simultaneous suppression of the vibration response of the floating platform and tower of a semi-submersible offshore wind turbine is realized using the dual IBA control strategy. Furthermore, by implementing the optimum IBA in the OpenFAST software, the vibration suppression benefits of the dual IBA compared with the dual tuned mass damper (TMD) are verified under the coupling effects of wind and waves. The results show that the vibration control performance of the dual IBA control strategy is significantly better than that of the single one, and that of the dual IBA is better than that of the dual TMD. In addition, under the condition of achieving the same suppression performance as the TMD, IBA installed at the nacelle and the platform can respectively decrease the required absorber mass by 23.9% and 32.2%, which can greatly reduce the manufacture cost of the device.

The effect of La treatment on the transformation of inclusions in H13 steel was investigated by subjecting H13 die steel to vacuum induction melting and subsequently treating the molten steel with La under an argon atmosphere protection.The results demonstrate that La has a beneficial effect on inclusions in H13 steel， the number of inclusions increases with the increase of La content， while the average size of inclusions initially decreases and then increases. The inclusions in H13 steel without the rare earth La additions are primarily Al₂O₃ and MnS. However， with a La content of 0.016% in H13 steel， the dominant inclusions shift to La2O2S. When the La content in H13 steel is 0.016%， the inclusions in the steel are mainly La2O2S；Furthermore， when the La content reaches 0.045% and 0.073%， the predominant inclusions in steel become LaP and La2O2S. Thermodynamic calculations show that the transformation process of La-treated inclusions is Al2O3→LaAlO3→La2O2S in molten steel at 1 600 ℃. During the solidification process， La2S3 is initially precipitated in the molten steel. As the temperature continues to decline， LaP begins to precipitate on the surface of La2S3 and La2O2S， ultimately forming the composite inclusions La2O2S-LaP and La2S3-LaP.

In order to obtain high-quality rare earth containing single crystal blades， the effect of La content on the wettability and interface reaction between CMSX-4 single crystal alloy and ceramic mould was studied by the droplet method.The experimental results show that when the 90×10-6 La is added， the wetting angle between the alloy and the mould decreases slightly， and only Al reacts with SiO2 in the mould and the reaction product is Al2O3. When the La content in the alloy reaches 143×10-6， and the wetting angle between the alloy and the mould decreases significantly， and both La and Al in the alloy react with SiO2 in the mould. Subsequently the La content continue to increase， and the lanthanum aluminate compounds with different La and Al atomic ratios are precipitated at the interface， and the wetting angle changes little. It can be seen that in the present experitment 143×10-6 is the critical content of interfacial reaction of La in CMSX-4 single crystal alloy， and the reaction between La and SiO2 can improve the wettability of the alloy/mould system.

Due to the concentrated carbon emission sources and the enormous carbon emissions in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous, it is necessary to evaluate carbon sequestration potential to support future CCUS planning and major demonstrations. Based on the basic geological conditions for carbon sequestration in Ningxia, this study used the volumetric method of the US Department of Energy (US-DOE) to assess the geological potential for deep saline aquifer sequestration in Ningxia. The results show that the predicted geological potential of carbon sequestration in the deep saline aquifers in Ningxia is approximately 86.742 billion tons, with the predicted technical capacity of about 42.334 billion tons. The main reservoirs are concentrated in the Yanchi area in eastern Ningxia and the Liupan Mountain Basin. A preliminary evaluation of the suitability of saline aquifer sequestration in Ningxia was conducted by considering many factors such as the overall sequestration potential, cap rock integrity, geological stability, and socio-environmental risks. The results indicate that the Yanchi area in eastern Ningxia has favorable reservoir and cap rock conditions, stable structures, and low population density, making it a potential region for CO2 sequestration in Ningxia.

Objective There is limited research on the impact of mechanical method connecting passage construction on mainline tunnels and surrounding soil of metro shield interval in water-rich sandy stratum. Method Taking a metro shield tunnel interval project with mechanical method connecting passage construction in water-rich sandy stratum as example, a numerical model is established using ABAQUS finite element software to simulate and analyze the entire process of this engineering. The effects of mechanical method connecting passage construction on mainline tunnels and surrounding soil are investigated. The calculation results are compared with actual engineering monitoring data to verify the reliability of the proposed numerical model. Result & Conclusion Land subsidence along the longitudinal direction of the mainline tunnel and connecting passage caused by mechanical method connecting passage construction exhibits a U-shaped curve, with a maximum land subsidence value of 4.60 mm. The effects of the construction on mainline tunnel deformation are mainly vertical deformation and horizontal deformation along the mainline tunnel. The maximum vertical deformation of the mainline tunnel is 1.08 mm, and the maximum horizontal deformation is 1.28 mm. During construction, the maximum stress in the mainline tunnel suddenly increases with the breakthrough of the connecting passage portal, reaching 52.54 MPa upon completion of the construction. Actual monitoring data show that the fitted land subsidence monitoring data aligns with the trend of numerical calculation results, validating the reliability of the numerical calculations.

Causal reasoning has been extensively studied in all fields of science. In recent decades, there have been a number of innovations in the development and implementation of methods aimed at determining causality. Meanwhile reinforcement learning forms a field of machine learning that focuses on the concept of how agents act in an environment to maximize cumulative rewards. The idea of embedding causal inference into the framework of reinforcement learning is an important academic progress in the field of causal inference and reinforcement learning methodology in recent years. Based on this background, this paper summarizes the background and development of cutting-edge deep reinforcement learning algorithms, and introduces three types of reinforcement learning frameworks based on value function, policy gradient and model respectively. Then, from the perspective of technology application, the research results of applying reinforcement learning to causal inference and causal recognition are reviewed in five combined scenarios. On this basis, this paper emphasizes the interpretability of causal reinforcement learning and the necessity of application research, and highlights the future research directions.(因果推断在科学领域备受关注。近年来，因果关系的确定方法有所创新。强化学习作为一种机器学习方法，主要关注智能体如何在环境中采取行动，以最大化累积奖励。将因果推断方法嵌套在强化学习框架中的思想是因果推断领域以及强化学习方法论中重要的学术进展。基于此，首先，梳理了深度强化学习算法的背景和发展，介绍了基于值函数、基于策略梯度和基于模型的3类强化学习算法框架，以及与因果推断相结合的方向；其次，从5个技术应用角度，对强化学习思想在因果推断和因果识别中的应用研究进行了综述；最后，强调了强化学习框架中因果推断的数据驱动效率、稳定性及应用研究的必要性，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。)

Vehicle edge computing enhances the computational capabilities of vehicles by offloading computations. The existing task offloading strategies do not simultaneously consider data security, priority of offloading tasks, computation resource release, and incentivizing vehicle to share computation resources, making it difficult to adapt to dynamic vehicle environments. To address these problems, this paper investigates the distributed vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) computation offloading problem, establishes a Markov decision process, and designs a deep reinforcement learning-based optimal task allocation strategy for computation offloading. This paper utilizes dynamic pricing to incentivize vehicle to share computation resources while considering task priorities and computation resource release mechanisms. Additionally, this paper embeds the offloading scheme into the blockchain, employs the vehicles blockchain with identity authentication mechanisms to encrypt sensitive information such as vehicle information, task information, and transaction information, thus ensuring data security. Simulation experimental results validate the performance of the proposed method. Compared with other algorithms, the average efficiency of the system is improved by at least 9.58% while the training time is saved by 10.28%.

Abstract [Objective] Exploring the effects of suitable concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA) on rooting and sprouting as well as on antioxidant property and gene expression related to growth hormone biosynthesis pathway of fig(Ficus carica L.) cuttings may provide theoretical basis for its application in fig breeding, propagation, promotion, and planting. [Methods] The hard branches of ‘Bojihong’ fig variety were used as cuttings to analyze the effects of IBA treatments (0, 30, 45, 60, 90 mg/L) on the rooting traits and antioxidant properties of the scions, as well as analyzed the transcriptome of axillary buds in the middle part of fig cuttings under 45 mg/L IBA treatment. [Results] (1) The germination and rooting rates of fig spikes reached the maximum at 45 mg/L IBA and differed from other treatments and the control.(2) With the increase of IBA concentrations, the SOD and CAT activities of spikes showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and both were lower than the control at 45 and 60 mg/L IBA, while POD activity was unchanged between the treatment and control. MDA and H2O2 contents in the spikes under IBA treatments were higher than the control, and MDA content in the spikes at 45 mg/L IBA was lower than other treatments. (3) Transcriptome analysis showed that there were 6 879 differentially expressed genes at 45 mg/L IBA. KEGG enrichment showed that there were 10 differential pathways. GO enrichment analysis indicated that the biological processes and molecular functions were the main biological pathways; the genes related to CAT and SOD were enriched in peroxisomal pathway, while the genes related to POD were enriched in phenylpropane biosynthetic pathway. The metabolism-related gene FcGH3 was up-regulated in the IAA biosynthesis pathway, and the genes related to signaling, such as FcAUX1, FcARG7, and FcARF, were down-regulated. [Conclusion] IBA treatment induced the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes and genes involved in IAA biosynthesis pathway of fig spikes, enhanced resistance to stress, and promoted rooting, sprouting, and seedling formation and 45 mg/L IBA had the best effect

Tea polyphenols are a class of polyphenolic mixtures with phenolic hydroxyl structure in tea plants, which are the main functional component of tea, and the content is relatively high in green tea. Tea polyphenol bioactivity research gains popularity, in the functional food, drug development, preservation and preservation of preservatives and other areas with broad application prospects. Tea polyphenols have a variety of biological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, hypolipidemic, blood sugar regulation, antibacterial, anti-radiation and so on. Their mechanism of action mainly includes regulating protein kinase B (AKT), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), adenylate activated protein kinase (AMPK) and other signalling pathways and related proteins. By analyzing the relevant research literature in recent years, we review the material properties, biological activities, mechanisms and applications of tea polyphenols, with a view to providing reference for the development of tea polyphenol-containing functional foods and natural medicines.

Background The "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for Healthy Aging" proposes to promote the realization of healthy aging, which not only requires the elderly to be healthy, but also pays attention to the security. With the deepening of the aging society, there is a significant gap in the level of participation of the current pension insurance system for urban and rural residents in various provinces. Under this background, it is of great significance to study the endowment insurance system. Objective To describ the spatial distribution of the basic old-age insurance participation level of urban and rural residents in 31 provinces in China from 2013 to 2020, to observe the spatial correlation and difference of the participation level among provinces, to analyze the relevant influencing factors, and to provide suggestions for the government and medical and health administrative departments to formulate the old-age insurance policy. Methods The data for this study is sourced from the China Statistical Yearbook from 2014 to 2021. The level of participation in urban and rural residential insurance is calculated based on the ratio of the number of urban and rural residents participating in basic pension insurance by region in the public management, social security, and social organization modules to the end of year population in the population clump. The various indicators of influencing factors are all from the 2014-2021 China Statistical Yearbook. Using ArcGIS 10.8 statistical analysis software, the basic pension insurance participation levels of urban and rural residents in 31 provinces were matched with provincial administrative divisions in China. Descriptive research and analysis were conducted on the differences in pension insurance participation levels among 31 provinces. Using methods such as global spatial autocorrelation and Getis Ord Gi * local hotspots, the spatial correlation and hot and cold spots of participation levels were studied, Study the relevant influencing factors by combining geographic detectors. Results Overall, from 2013 to 2020, the number and level of urban and rural resident insurance participants in China had been continuously increasing year by year; from a vertical structure perspective, there were significant differences in the level of insurance participation among provinces; from a horizontal perspective, from 2013 to 2020, the growth rate of most provinces was positive. The participation level of basic pension insurance for urban and rural residents in 31 provinces of China from 2013 to 2020 had spatial correlation. The central provinces were hot areas, while Shanghai is a cold area. The influencing factors on the participation rate were economic development factors, social development factors, policy factors, and cultural and educational factors in descending order. Conclusion The overall level of participation in basic pension insurance for residents has been increasing year by year, but there are differences in the level of participation and growth rate among provinces. The level of economic development is an important factor affecting the level of participation in basic pension insurance for residents.

General practice in China has developed rapidly in recent years with remarkable progress, but the gap with developed countries in Europe and the United States is still large, and the training system of general practitioners still remains impefect. In Germany, the construction of the primary health care system and the training system of general practitioners have been well developed. Under the system of universal health insurance coverage and hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, a high level of health and patient satisfaction with primary healthcare services among residents have been achieved in Germany. Therefore, this study compares post-graduate education and continuing education of general practice in China and Germany, analyzes the challenges of general practice education reform in China, drawing on the conceptual framework of general practice education in Germany, and proposes targeted ideas and recommendations for solutions as follows: for the standardized residency training of general practice, increase the rotation flexibility as appropriate to facilitate the optimization of trainees' individualized competencies, incorporate the standardized curriculum of psychosomatic medicine and Balint group training to improve trainees' competence in psychosomatic medicine, establish standardized selection criteria and promote standardized training program for faculty of community hospital, and revisit the duration of general practice (including community) rotation after improving the qualifications of general practice faculty of community hospital; for the continuing education, incorporate the special interest and small specialties into the general practice continuing education system to strengthen the functional medical characteristics of general practice and promote the professional diversification of general practitioners, and establish a national unified platform for continuing education in general practice. More practical research and resources are needed to improve the training system of general practitioners in China in the future.

Background Maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) are main treatment methods for uremic patients. It remains an important content of clinical research on better developing treatment protocols to address overhydration (OH) in dialysis patients, and the effect of applying body composition monitor (BCM) on the prognosis of dialysis patients treated with different dialysis models is still controversial. Objective To explore the relationship between OH parameters of BCM and prognosis in patients treated with MHD and PD. Methods From October 2017 to March 2022, 334 patients on maintenance dialysis in Beijing Jishuitan Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical Medical University, Beijing Boai Hospital, Aviation General Hospital, Beijing Changping District Hospital and Beijing Changping Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine were included as the study objects and divided into MHD group (n=188) and PD group (n=146) according to their renal replacement therapy mode. The general data of and BCM related parameters were collected through the electronic medical record system. Patients included in the study were followed up, dialysis treatment parameters, body weight, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were recorded, and the average of multiple follow-up results were calculated. Endpoint events were recorded during follow-up period, with the primary endpoint event as all-cause death (ACM), secondary endpoint events as cardiovascular events (CVE), combined adverse events (CAE), surgery or fracture (SOF). Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between endpoint events and BCM parameters, and stepwise multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of secondary endpoint events in patients. The ACM survival curve was plotted by Kaplan-Meier method, and the difference of survival curve between the two groups was compared by Log-rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of ACM. Results A total of 311 patients completed follow-up, with a median follow-up time of 29.9 (18.0, 36.0) months, including 176 patients in MHD group and 135 patients in PD group. Dialysis age, body weight, target body weight, adipose tissue content and adipose tissue index in MHD group were higher than those in PD group, and OH was lower than that in PD group (P

Craniopharyngioma-related hypothalamic obesity (CHO) has become a key issue in postoperative management of craniopharyngioma. Modified low calorie diet and exercise interventions have been found by some studies to be effective in relieving CHO, and suggested to be used as non-pharmacological treatments for weight management of craniopharyngioma patients. However, there are few relevant studies in China. We reviewed the latest developments in prevalence, hazards and risk factors as well as diet and exercise interventions towards CHO, in order to improve the outcomes and quality of life of CHO patients. In addition, we put forward recommendations on comprehensively improving the quality of life of CHO patients, such as making efforts to value CHO clinically, carrying out prospective studies on weight control in CHO, and developing rigorous diet and exercise interventions.