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Objective·To explore the effects of home-based rehabilitation program led by self-efficacy theory after temporomandibular joint disk repositioning.Methods·Convenient sampling method was used. Patients with temporomandibular joint disk displacement who received temporomandibular joint disk repositioning in Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from August 2020 to January 2021 were selected as the control group, and patients admitted from February 2021 to July 2021 were selected as the intervention group. The control group received the conventional home-based rehabilitation care, while the intervention group were given home-based rehabilitation program led by self-efficacy theory. The general information questionnaire was used to collect the general information about patients. The joint range of motion measuring, rehabilitation exercise compliance questionnaire, General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES), and Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness Scale (MUIS) were used to investigate the joint range of motion, the rehabilitation exercise compliance score, the self-efficacy score and the uncertainty in illness score in the two groups at baseline and at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery.Results·A total of 167 patients with temporomandibular joint disk displacement who received temporomandibular joint disk repositioning surgery were enrolled, including 96 cases in the control group and 71 cases in the intervention group. There was no difference in the general information between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no differences in the maximal mouth opening, maximum rightward lateral movement, maximum leftward lateral movement, self-efficacy score and uncertainty in illness score between the two groups at baseline (all P>0.05). The maximal forward extension in the intervention group was significantly less than that in the control group (P=0.008). Repeated measurement variance analysis showed that the self-efficacy scores in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery, and the differences were statistically significant (P=0.006, P=0.003, P=0.016). At 1 and 3 months after surgery, the scores of complexity dimension of uncertainty in illness in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P=0.003, P=0.000). At 1 and 6 months after surgery, the rehabilitation exercise compliance scores in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P=0.000, P=0.016). At 6 months after surgery, the maximum forward extension and maximum rightward lateral movement were significantly greater than those in the control group (P=0.024, P=0.008).Conclusion·The home-based rehabilitation program led by self-efficacy theory has a positive effect on improving the self-efficacy and compliance of rehabilitation exercise, reducing the disease uncertainty, and promoting the joint function recovery in patients receiving temporomandibular joint disk repositioning.

Investigation of the cause of death during diving is one of the contents of forensic pathology. In this article, relevant foreign literature is reviewed to summarize the techniques and methods used in the identification of diving deaths, such as accident reconstruction, diving monitoring data, postmortem CT examination and gas analysis （location and quantity） in the body of the corpse, in order to provide a reference for forensic identification of such cases.

"Silicone rubber (SR) is one of the most important polymer materials with unique viscoelasticity and toughness. In this work, the surface of nano-silica was modified by 1 H, 1 H, 2 H, 2 H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane to improve the dispersion of nano-silica in SR. Finally, the 1 H, 1 H, 2 H, 2 H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane modified nano-silica (F-SiO2) / SR composites were used to fabricate a serials F-SiO2 / SR based triboelectric nanogenerators (FR-TENG). The effect of F-SiO2 contents on the electric out-put performance of FR-TENG was studied. As shown in Table 1, at 1.0% (mass fraction, the same below) F-SiO2 content, the FR-TENG exhibited the best output performance. The short circuit current (Isc), open circuit voltage (Voc) and hort circuit transfer charge (Qsc) of FR-TENG at 1.0% F-SiO2 content were 5.5 μA, 244.1 V and 76.9 nC, compared with those of pure SR increased about 71%, 26% and 16%, respectively.The FR-TENG can be used to light up about 33 LED lamps, which working circuit diagram was shown in Fig 1. Therefore, the FR-TENG has a great potential application in the wind, ocean, and mechanical energy harvesting and convert this green energy into AC electricity. The AC electricity can be rectified to DC electricity through the rectifier bridge and stored in commercially available capacitors, which can be used to power electronic devices. In addition, a 22 μF commercially available capacitor was charged by the FR-TENG to 2.5 V and discharging by driving a small calculator (Fig 2)."

The treatment of oral cancer patients mainly involves surgery in combination with radiotherapy and che⁃ motherapy. This paper reviews the clinical features of perioperative patients with oral cancer, including oral flora imbal⁃ ance, oral complications after radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the presence of oral incisions (and flaps), special dietary needs, and airway management. In connection with the above characteristics, this article analyzes the necessity of three aspects of oral care to improve the patient􀆳s comfort and prevent pulmonary and surgical site infections, with the goal of providing a reference for oral care research on patients undergoing oral cancer surgery and laying a foundation for the construction of comprehensive oral care programs during the perioperative period for patients with oral cancer.

The surface of graphene was functionalized with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid. Ionic liquid modified graphene(IG)/ thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) composites were prepared by filling IG into TPU by solution blending method. The effect of IG content on the shape memory properties of IG / TPU composites was investigated. The results showed that pure TPU did not show light response shape memory performance, and there was almost no recovery under laser irradiation. The addition of IG could significantly improve the light response shape memory performance of IG / TPU composites, and with the increase of IG mass fraction, the shape recovery was accelerated, and the shape memory performance of the composites was better. When the mass fraction of IG was 0.5%, its shape memory performance reached the best, and the recovery angle could reach 123.7° after laser irradiation for 2.0 s, which was 99.4° higher than that of pure TPU.

PURPOSE: To assess the impact of individual nursing care on aged patients who underwent tooth extraction in outpatient clinic. METHODS: One hundred aged patients who required tooth extraction were allocated into the experimental group (with individual nursing care before extraction) or the control group (blank control). The level of patients' anxiety was evaluated by HAMA scale before and after extraction. The pain state was evaluated by VRS scale after extraction. The date was analyzed for student's t test and ANON A by SPSS 16.0 software package. RESULTS: Both the anxious score and VRS score after extraction in the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For aged patients who underwent tooth extraction, individual nursing care can alleviate the level of their anxiety, which is helpful to improve their reliance and reduce complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: The objective of present study was to assess the dimensional stability of the grafting material DBBM (Bio-oss )after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with spiral computed tomography (SCT) scans and 3D reconstruction. METHODS: Two postoperative SCT scans were available from 12 patients who had undergone maxillary sinus lift procedures. CT scan was taken at 2 week after surgical intervention and 6 months later, respectively. A total of 12 maxillary sinuses were augmented with 100% DBBM before implant insertion by lateral antrostomy in a staged approach. The augmentation volume was calculated using the SurgiCase CMF5.0 software. Data were calculated by Statal0 software package. RESULTS: The mean volume of the graft was reduced by 19.40%. Specifically, the reduction reached 0.29% in the buccal -palatal direction, 5.87% in the mesial -distal dimension, and 14.32% in vertical dimension. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that the volume of DBBM has a certain amount of reduction within 6 months after sinus floor augmentation. The reduction in vertical direction is most severe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical effect of transitional restoration by the fiber-reinforced resin bonded bridge in the anterior zone after implantation. METHODS: Twenty-three cases with missing upper/lower central incisor, lateral incisor or canine were collected and randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. One week after implant operation, the patients in the experimental group were repaired with the fiber-reinforced resin bonded bridge; while 2 weeks after implant operation, the patients in the control group were repaired with the removable partial denture. Then, the clinical effect was evaluated. The data was analyzed with SPSS18.0 software package for Χ² test. RESULTS: Patients in the experimental group were more satisfied with pronunciation than in the control group. The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). Patients in both groups were quite satisfied with the esthetic effect (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There are comfortable feeling and satisfactory aesthetic result with the fiber-reinforced resin bonded bridge. It didn't affect wound healing and could meet the requirement of transitional repair after implantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil readily oxidizable carbon (ROC) is a sensitive index to indicate the early changes of soil organic carbon (SOC), and has important value to research the stability and dynamics of SOC pool under the backgrounds of human disturbance and global climate change. To further understand the effects of land use change on soil ROC, an investigation was conducted on the soil ROC content and related factors in four different land use types (grassland, farmland, poplar-agriculture system and pure poplar plantation) in a coastal area of northern Jiangsu Province, East China. The soil ROC content was in the order of grassland < farmland < poplar-agriculture system < pure poplar plantation, and the difference was most significant in 0-10 cm soil layer. The ROC and ROC/ SOC ratio decreased with increasing soil depth, and had significant differences between different soil layers in any one of the land use types. The soil ROC in the four different land use types had the same seasonal variation trend, with the maximum in summer, followed by in winter and autumn, and the minimum in spring. The soil ROC was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH and soil bulk density, positively correlated with SOC, soil water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), total nitrogen (TN), C/ N ratio, and Mg, but less correlated with soil moisture and soil total phosphorus (TP). The results indicated that land use change had significant effects on the spatial distribution characteristics of soil ROC, and soil bulk density, pH value, TN, and SOC were the main factors inducing the differences of soil ROC content between different land use types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: Using spiral computed tomography and Simplant software to measure the width and height of residual alveolar crest of agomphious upper molar region at different levels around bottom of low-set maxillary sinus. To evaluate the impact of sex, age, agomphious duration, and cause of tooth extraction on the width and height of residual alveolar crest. METHODS: Forty-three patients with missing uppers molar and residual alveolar bone height being 4 to 6mm showed by panoramic radiographs were scanned by spiral computed tomography. 3D model of the alveolar crest and maxillary sinus were reconstructed using the images from CT scan and Simplant software. The height and width of the residual alveolar crest of agomphious upper molar region at different levels around bottom of maxillary sinus were measured. The data was analyzed with SPSS 16.0 software package for Student's I test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis H test. RESULTS: (1) The mean distance between the top of residual alveolar crest and the floor of sinus was (5.26 ± 0.58)mm. (2) The difference between the width of internal bone wall and that of external bone wall at different levels above the bottom of maxillary sinus was significant(P<0.01), except for agomphious upper second molar at 3.75mm. (3) The height of residual crest and width of sinus floor decreased remarkably with age and agomphious duration (P<0.01) while the width of sinus lateral walls didn't change so much with them (P>0.05). (4) Height of residual crest of the tooth extracted due to periodontitis was obviously lower than that of the tooth extracted due to residual root (crown) or crown fracture (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The height and width of residual crest change significantly with age, agomphious duration and causes of tooth extraction. However, the width of lateral walls above sinus floor do not change so much with those factors. The internal wall of maxillary sinus floor is wider than the external wall at agomphious molar. This anatomic feature may be taken into consideration during implantation. The site and direction of implant can be adjusted equally according to the age, agomphious duration and causes of tooth extraction, so that maxillary sinus augmentation can be avoided in part of patients with low-set maxillary sinus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the National Nature Reserve in Wuyi Mountains as experimental site, the seasonal variation and temperature sensitivity of soil respiration under four plant communities along an elevation gradient were studied, with their relations to the main environmental factors analyzed. The results showed that the soil respiration under the four plant communities had the same seasonal pattern, with the maximum (3.10-6.57 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1) occurred in summer and the minimum (0.27-1.15 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1) in winter. Soil respiration rate had a significant exponential correlation with soil temperature, but its correlations with soil moisture and litter input differed with plant communities. The Q10 value of soil respiration was higher at high elevation than at low elevation. In mid-subtropical regions, the seasonal variation of soil respiration at different elevations was mainly controlled by soil temperature, indicating that in the case of global warming in the future, soils at higher elevation might release more CO2 to the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the treatment experience and information needs of patients with dentofacial deformities in the process of surgical program design, surgical treatment and postoperative rehabilitation., Methods: Thirty-six patients with dentofacial deformities at different treatment stages from March to July 2019 were selected for semi-structured interview. Colaizzi content analysis method and QSR NVivo 12.0 software were used to analyze and code the data, as well as extract the theme and genus., Results: Three themes and eight categories were extracted, including① information needs in different treatment stages, mainly specific content of information needs at pre-operative preparation stage, orthognathic perioperative stage and post-operative rehabilitation stage; ② information support methods, i.e., diversified information support methods and patients' recognition of internet information;③ patients' cognition difference,namely the difference between patients' psychological expectation and the results of operation., Conclusions: Due to the treatment characteristics of orthognathic surgery and individual cognitive differences of patients, there is a large demand for information support at different stages of treatment. However, the current information support mode is limited, so it is necessary to further improve and provide scientific, professional and targeted information support for patients with dentofacial deformities.

Root exudates of banana resistant variety ('Nantianhuang') and susceptible variety ('Guijiao No. 6') to Fusarium wilt were collected in vitro by bathing root system to examine the biological effects of root exudates from banana varieties on Fusaiurm oxysporum f. sp. cubense and Bacillus subtilis . We explored the effects of root exudates of different banana varieties on the abundance of soil microorganisms and the growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense and B. subtilis . The results showed that root exudates from resistant variety could significantly reduce the abundance of soil fungi and inhibit the spore germination of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense . Root exudates from susceptible variety could significantly stimulate mycelia growth and spores germination, whereas root exudates from the tested banana varieties could significantly increase the growth and biofilm formation of B. subtilis . By dealing with the root exudates of resistant and susceptible varieties, the growth rate of mycelia were 11.28 and 12.28 mm·d -1 , and the germination rate of spores were 34.6% and 79.5%, respectively. After culturing for 12 h, the growth rates of B. subtilis (OD 600 ) were 1.27 and 1.14, and the biofilm formation (OD 570 ) were 1.11 and 1.30 after static culturing 72 h, respectively. There were significant differences between the values of resistant and susceptible varieties. The colonization amount of B. subtilis in the rhizosphere of susceptible variety was significantly higher than that of resistant variety. The contents of free amino acids and organic acid in root exudates of the resistant variety were higher than that of susceptible variety. The content ratio of acetic acid and proline in the root exudates of resistant variety were 3.7 times and 2.4 times of that of susceptible variety. In conclusion, root exudates of banana resistant variety could inhibit the growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense. Root exudates from susceptible variety could promote the growth of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense ,while that from the tested banana varieties could all significantly enhance growth, biofilm formation and colonization ability of B. subtilis .

Purpose: To construct an oral care program for elderly patients with oral cancer during perioperative period., Methods: Based on the content analysis of the guidelines and personal in-depth interviews of the doctors, nurses and patients, according to the clinical characteristics of the elderly patients with oral cancer and treatments, combined with PDCA cycle, the first draft of perioperative oral care program for the elderly patients with oral cancer was constructed. Delphi method was used to carry out two rounds of mail inquiry to 16 experts in related fields to determine the scheme. Excel 2016, SPSS 25.0 software package were used for statistical description and analysis., Results: The questionnaire return rate of the two rounds of expert consultation was 100% and the overall expert authority coefficient was 0.84. After two rounds of expert consultation, the variation coefficient of each index was 0-0.240, and the overall coordination coefficient was 0.171. The oral care program was formed in three stages: preoperative, postoperative, and during radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The preoperative stage included 4 dimensions, 12 first-level items, 56 second-level items; the postoperative stage included 4 dimensions, 18 first-level items, 102 second-level items; the radiochemotherapy stage included 4 dimensions, 13 first-level items and 35 second-level items., Conclusions: The perioperative oral care program of the elderly patients with oral cancer accords with the characteristics of the elderly patients with oral cancer during perioperative period, which meets the oral care needs of this group of patients. The construction of the program is reliable and provides a reference for clinical practice.

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to explore the experience associated with patient's decision to have or not have orthognathic treatment., Methods: Phenomenological methodology was used in this study. Ten patients were collected from January 2018 to March 2018, who were consulted in the Department of Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics in Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital. They were interviewed by semi-structured, face to face in-depth interviews. Data were organized and analyzed by Colaizzi methods., Results: By reading, analysis and extraction, two topics, i.e, motivation and interference factor were obtained., Conclusions: The treatment information service was limited. Further research is needed to improve the information services that support the treatment decision of malocclusion patients and help them to make the best choice.

Objective: To explore infection rate of different adeno-associated virus (AAV) on knee joint cartilage in mice and to find a good gene editing tool for mice chondrocytes of knee joint., Methods: Forty-five 4-week-old SPF C57BL/6 weighed(14.3±0.2) g were selected. According to different injections(6 μl) for right knee joint, mice were divided into 9 different groups, 5 mice in each group. The groups were such as following:control group (normal saline), Vigene 2 group (AAV2 from vigene biosciences, titer for 1×10¹³ vg/ml), Vigene 5 group (AAV5 from vigene biosciences, titer for 1×10¹³ vg/ml), Vigene 6 group (AAV6 from vigene biosciences, titer for 1×10¹³ vg/ml), Vigene 7 group (AAV7 from vigene biosciences, titer for 1×10¹³ vg/ml), Vigene 8 group (AAV8 from vigene biosciences, titer for 1×10¹³ vg/ml), Vigene 9 group (AAV9 from vigene biosciences, titer for 1×10¹³ vg/ml), Hanbio DJ group(AAV2-DJ from Hanbio, titer for 1×10¹² vg/ml), Hanbio 5 group (AAV5 from Hanbio, titer for 1×10¹² vg/ml). All AAVs were over-expressed green fluorescent protein(GFP). Knee joint specimens were taken and observed injury of cartilage under stereomicroscope at 30 days after injection, then 10 μm thick frozen sections were prepared. Distribution of green fluorescent protein of meniscus and cartilage of knee joint was observed under fluorescence microscope., Results: Stereomicroscope observation indicated that no obvious lesion was observed in knee joint cartilage of mice after intra-articular injection of AAV. According to frozen sections of knee joints, strong green fluorescence was observed in knee joint cartilage in all AAV experimental groups. Compared with other groups, significantly stronger green fluorescence were observed both in AAV2 and AAV7 groups, whose average fluorescence density was 0.077±0.020 and 0.061±0.022. There were significant differences between two groups and other groups., Conclusions: AAV could infect chondrocyte of knee joint in vivo by injecting into knee joint cavity. Higher infection efficiency of AAV2 and AAV7 on knee joint cartilage were observed. Local injection of AAV into knee joint cavity could be used as an effective tool for gene editing of knee joint chondrocyte., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2019 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

Purpose: To construct a core training curriculum of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia nursing., Methods: The content of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia curriculum was developed by brainstorming method and expert consultation method based on literature review and clinical practice guideline. Statistical analysis was implemented using mean and coefficient of variation with SPSS 17.0 software package., Results: We successfully established the content of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia curriculum, including 5 primary dimensions and 12 secondary items. In addition, content validity was built by expert evaluation method., Conclusions: The core curriculum of inadvertent perioperative hypothermia nursing based on scientific method provided reference for the nursing intervention study in future and may promote the development of perioperative nurse specialist.

Spray drying technology was used to produce co-processed excipients mannitol- hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and study the scaled-up production. The consistency of powder and tablet properties before and after scale-up of co-processed excipients was compared, and their applicability in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) powder's direct compression was tested on five TCM extracts such as gardenia extract and Radix Paeoniae Alba extract. It was shown that after scaled-up production, the key properties of co-processed excipients had little changes (such as compactability, disintegrating time, and lubrication sensitivity) or improvement (such as flowability and yield). As compared to commercially available spray-dried mannitol, co-processed excipients achieved better compactability and higher drug loading for direction compression of TCM powder. In conclusion, the mannitol-HPMC co-processed excipient, with excellent physicomechanical properties, is promising to be explored as a new excipient for direct powder compression., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Purpose: To establish a clinical practice protocol for tracheotomy care of adult patients., Methods: Though constructive document retrieval, personnel interview and brain-storming, protocol draft was constructed. Delphi method was used in the study, and the final protocol was based on two rounds of consultation among 15 experts from 10 tertiary general hospitals. SPSS 16.0 software package was used for statistical analysis., Results: The effective rates of two rounds of questionnaire were 100% and 93.3%, the authority coefficient was 0.83, and the P value of expert coordination coefficients W was less than 0.05. The final evidence-based protocol for tracheotomy care in adult patients consists of 5 sections, 16 dimensions and 61 items., Conclusions: The evidence-based tracheotomy care protocol was combined with Chinese clinical status and experts' opinion. The protocol was scientific and credible, which may play an important role in clinical practice.

Purpose: To identify the practice scope of dental nurses under the new situations., Methods: The draft of scope of practice for dental nurses was based on theoretical analysis, literature review and consultation of advisory panel, and the final scope of practice for dental nurses was established by using the Delphi method. Statistical analysis was implemented using coefficient of variation, Kendall W with SPSS 17.0 software package., Results: Thirty experts were consulted twice by using the Delphi method. The effective rates of two rounds of questionnaire were 100% and 73.3%, respectively. The authority coefficient was 0.837, and the P value of expert coordination coefficients W was less than 0.05. There were totally 116 suggestions from the experts, and 96 were accepted. The scope of practice for dental nurses was finally established, including 4 primary indexes and 25 secondary indexes., Conclusions: The scope of practice for dental nurses under the new situations is established in China through scientific methods. It is favorable for position management of dental nurses and may promote the development of nurse specialists in dental clinic.

Purpose: To assess the impact of individual nursing care on aged patients who underwent tooth extraction in outpatient clinic., Methods: One hundred aged patients who required tooth extraction were allocated into the experimental group (with individual nursing care before extraction) or the control group (blank control). The level of patients' anxiety was evaluated by HAMA scale before and after extraction. The pain state was evaluated by VRS scale after extraction. The date was analyzed for student's t test and ANONA by SPSS 16.0 software package., Results: Both the anxious score and VRS score after extraction in the experimental group were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05)., Conclusions: For aged patients who underwent tooth extraction, individual nursing care can alleviate the level of their anxiety, which is helpful to improve their reliance and reduce complications.

Purpose: The objective of present study was to assess the dimensional stability of the grafting material DBBM (Bio-oss) after maxillary sinus floor augmentation with spiral computed tomography (SCT) scans and 3D reconstruction., Methods: Two postoperative SCT scans were available from 12 patients who had undergone maxillary sinus lift procedures. CT scan was taken at 2 week after surgical intervention and 6 months later, respectively. A total of 12 maxillary sinuses were augmented with 100% DBBM before implant insertion by lateral antrostomy in a staged approach. The augmentation volume was calculated using the SurgiCase CMF5.0 software. Data were calculated by Stata10 software package., Results: The mean volume of the graft was reduced by 19.40%. Specifically, the reduction reached 0.29% in the buccal-palatal direction, 5.87% in the mesial-distal dimension, and 14.32% in vertical dimension., Conclusions: This study confirmed that the volume of DBBM has a certain amount of reduction within 6 months after sinus floor augmentation. The reduction in vertical direction is most severe.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical effect of transitional restoration by the fiber-reinforced resin bonded bridge in the anterior zone after implantation., Methods: Twenty-three cases with missing upper/lower central incisor, lateral incisor or canine were collected and randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. One week after implant operation, the patients in the experimental group were repaired with the fiber-reinforced resin bonded bridge; while 2 weeks after implant operation, the patients in the control group were repaired with the removable partial denture. Then, the clinical effect was evaluated. The data was analyzed with SPSS18.0 software package for X(2) test., Results: Patients in the experimental group were more satisfied with pronunciation than in the control group. The incidence of adverse reactions in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05). Patients in both groups were quite satisfied with the esthetic effect(P>0.05)., Conclusions: There are comfortable feeling and satisfactory aesthetic result with the fiber-reinforced resin bonded bridge. It didn't affect wound healing and could meet the requirement of transitional repair after implantation.

Soil readily oxidizable carbon (ROC) is a sensitive index to indicate the early changes of soil organic carbon (SOC), and has important value to research the stability and dynamics of SOC pool under the backgrounds of human disturbance and global climate change. To further understand the effects of land use change on soil ROC, an investigation was conducted on the soil ROC content and related factors in four different land use types (grassland, farmland, poplar-agriculture system and pure poplar plantation) in a coastal area of northern Jiangsu Province, East China. The soil ROC content was in the order of grassland < farmland

Objective: To isolate and identify the high-yield poly-malic acid (PMLA) bacterial strains from the nature., Methods: Samples were collected and cultured. The high-yield PMLA bacterial strains were screened through morphological observation, qualitative PMLA tests by HPLC and ITS sequence analysis on the isolated bacterial strains., Results: A high-yield PMLA strain II 04 was isolated, the yield of PMLA of the strain reached to 26.23g/L in the rotary shaker at 25 degree for 7d. From morphological observation and ITS sequences analysis, the strain belonged to Aureobasidium pullulans, and named as Aureobasidium pullulans ZUCC-41., Conclusion: A high-yield bacterial strain has been isolated from the nature and identified to be Aureobasidium pullulans.

Objective: To isolate and purify components from polysaccharides of purple sweet potato (PPSP) and to test their anti-tumor activity., Methods: DEAE-Cellulose and CM-Cellulose exchange chromatography were applied to separate components of PPSP. The anti-tumor activities of each component were measured by MTT assay on Hela and HepG(2) cells and their monosaccharide composition were analyzed by TLC chromatography, followed by infrared spectroscopy studies., Results: Through weak anion exchange chromatography and gradient elution by sodium chloride solution, four components were separated and named as PPSP, PPSPII, PPSPIII and PPSPIV, respectively. MTT tests showed that PPSP II and PPSPIII inhibited Hela and HepG2 tumor cells in a certain extent. The structural analysis revealed that PPSPI was mainly composed of glucose and galactose, PPSP II was composed of glucose and had a typical absorption peak of β-D-glucose chitosan pyranose, PPSP III was a glycoprotein showing a protein absorption peak., Conclusion: Four components were separated from PPSP successfully, among which PPSP II and PPSP III shows anti-tumor activities on Hela and HepG(2) cells in vitro.

Purpose: Using spiral computed tomography and Simplant software to measure the width and height of residual alveolar crest of agomphious upper molar region at different levels around bottom of low-set maxillary sinus. To evaluate the impact of sex, age, agomphious duration, and cause of tooth extraction on the width and height of residual alveolar crest., Methods: Forty-three patients with missing uppers molar and residual alveolar bone height being 4 to 6mm showed by panoramic radiographs were scanned by spiral computed tomography. 3D model of the alveolar crest and maxillary sinus were reconstructed using the images from CT scan and Simplant software. The height and width of the residual alveolar crest of agomphious upper molar region at different levels around bottom of maxillary sinus were measured. The data was analyzed with SPSS16.0 software package for Student's t test, analysis of variance(ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis H test., Results: (1)The mean distance between the top of residual alveolar crest and the floor of sinus was (5.26±0.58)mm. (2)The difference between the width of internal bone wall and that of external bone wall at different levels above the bottom of maxillary sinus was significant(P<0.01), except for agomphious upper second molar at 3.75mm. (3)The height of residual crest and width of sinus floor decreased remarkably with age and agomphious duration(P<0.01) while the width of sinus lateral walls didn't change so much with them(P>0.05). (4)Height of residual crest of the tooth extracted due to periodontitis was obviously lower than that of the tooth extracted due to residual root(crown) or crown fracture(P<0.01)., Conclusions: The height and width of residual crest change significantly with age, agomphious duration and causes of tooth extraction. However, the width of lateral walls above sinus floor do not change so much with those factors. The internal wall of maxillary sinus floor is wider than the external wall at agomphious molar. This anatomic feature may be taken into consideration during implantation. The site and direction of implant can be adjusted equally according to the age, agomphious duration and causes of tooth extraction, so that maxillary sinus augmentation can be avoided in part of patients with low-set maxillary sinus.

Objective: To investigate the association between the morphological features of biopsy-diagnosed high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in the gastric mucosa and the postoperative pathology., Methods: Fifty-one patients with biopsy-diagnosed high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in the gastric mucosa were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty-three patients underwent surgery. The morphology of lesions under endoscopy and histopathological findings of the surgical specimens were investigated., Results: Of the 51 patients, 43 had superficial lesions similar to early gastric cancer under endoscopy, 8 were similar to advanced carcinoma. In the 33 surgical cases, high grade intraepithelial neoplasia of gastric mucosa was confirmed on postoperative pathological examination in 13 (39.4%) patients, adenocarcinoma was identified in the remaining 20 patients (60.6%), including 14 early gastric cancers and 6 advanced carcinomas. Thirteen cases with high grade intraepithelial neoplasia confirmed postoperatively were superficial elevated or flat lesions less than 20 mm., Conclusions: Patients with biopsy-diagnosed high grade intraepithelial neoplasia in the gastric mucosa have a high risk of cancer. Thus aggressive follow-up and appropriate surgical interventions are recommended to avoid misdiagnosis.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the tumor vascular invasion and the change of cardio-pulmonary exercise function in patients with lung cancer., Methods: The cardio-pulmonary exercise test was performed in 405 patients with lung cancer (293 with vascular invasion and 112 without). The peak load indices examined included maximal work power (measured value/predicted value, W%), maximal oxygen uptake per weight (VO(2)/kg), anaerobic threshold (AT), maximal oxygen pulse (measured value/predicted value, VO(2)/HR%), maximal minute ventilation (V(E)), maximal breath reserve (BR), maximal breath frequency (BF) and maximal tidal volume during expiration (VTex)., Results: (1) W%, VO(2)/kg, AT, VO(2)/HR% of patients with vascular invasion [(73 +/- 18)%, (17 +/- 5) ml * min(-1) * kg(-1), (51 +/- 14)%, (79 +/- 18)% respectively] decreased than those without vascular invasion [(86 +/- 20)%, (19 +/- 5) ml * min(-1) * kg(-1), (55 +/- 14)%, (88 +/- 20)% respectively, all P < 0.01) while BF increased [(32.1 +/- 6.1)/min vs (30.6 +/- 5.1)/min, P < 0.05). (2) The patients were divided according to TNM stage, number, kind of tumor vascular invasion and its relationship with tumor, W%, VO(2)/HR% decreased in the groups of 1-, 2- and >or= 3-vessel invasion versus the control group (P < 0.01), AT decreased in the groups of 1- and >or= 3-vessel invasion versus the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), VO(2)/kg decreased in the groups of 2- and >or= 3-vessel invasion versus the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), VO(2)/kg decreased in the group of >or= 3-vessel invasion versus 1- and 2-vessel invasion (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), VO(2)/HR% decreased in the group of >or= 3-vessel invasion versus 1-vessel invasion (P < 0.01), VTex decreased in the group of >or= 3-vessel invasion versus the control group and 1-vessel invasion (P < 0.05). There was correlation between VO(2)/HR% and the number of tumor invaded vessels (r = 0.220, P < 0.01)., Conclusions: The amount of oxygen uptake, exercise ability and cardiac function during exercise decrease in patients of lung cancer with tumor vascular invasion. The main reason is the number of the invaded vessels.

Taking the National Nature Reserve in Wuyi Mountains as experimental site, the seasonal variation and temperature sensitivity of soil respiration under four plant communities along an elevation gradient were studied, with their relations to the main environmental factors analyzed. The results showed that the soil respiration under the four plant communities had the same seasonal pattern, with the maximum (3.10-6.57 micromol CO2 x m(-2) x S(-1)) occurred in summer and the minimum (0.27-1.15 micromol CO2 x m(-2) x s(-l)) in winter. Soil respiration rate had a significant exponential correlation with soil temperature, but its correlations with soil moisture and litter input differed with plant communities. The Q10 value of soil respiration was higher at high elevation than at low elevation. In mid-subtropical regions, the seasonal variation of soil respiration at different elevations was mainly controlled by soil temperature, indicating that in the case of global warming in the future, soils at higher elevation might release more CO2 to the atmosphere.

By using sequential fumigation-incubation method, this paper determined the soil labile organic carbon (LOC) content under evergreen broadleaf forest, coniferous forest, sub-alpine dwarf forest, and alpine meadow along an altitude gradient in Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve in Fujian Province of China, with its relations to soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and fine root biomass (FRB) analyzed. The results showed that soil LOC occupied 3.40%-7.46% of soil TOC, and soil MBC occupied 26.87%-80.38% of the LOC. The LOC under different forest stands increased significantly with altitude, and decreased with soil depth. Soil LOC had very significant correlations with soil MBC, TOC, TN and FRB, and its content was obviously higher at higher altitudes than at lower altitudes.

With random block experimental design, the soil microbial biomass carbon, soil temperature, soil moisture, and litterfall input in secondary oak forest and Pinus taeda plantation were measured in successive two years at the Xiashu Experimental Forest of Nanjing Forestry University. The results showed that in the two stands, soil microbial biomass carbon had an obvious seasonal fluctuation, being lower in plant vigorous growth season but higher during plant dormancy. The microbial biomass carbon in 0-10 cm soil layer ranged from 267.8 mg x kg(-1) to 459.8 mg x kg(-1) in P. taeda plantation and from 278.6 mg x kg(-1) to 467.8 mg x kg(-1) in secondary oak forest. Soil microbial biomass carbon had a significant negative correlation with soil temperature, but no significant correlations with soil moisture and litterfall input. It was suggested that the seasonal fluctuation of soil microbial biomass carbon in test stands could be more related to the availability of soil carbon and other nutrients, competition of plant roots for soil nutrients, and plant growth rhythm.

Objective: To demonstrate the possibility of high-level expression of bioactive human beta-defensin-2 (hBD2) in E.coli, and to purify the recombinant hBD2., Methods: DNA fragment containing mature hBD2 coding region (smhBD2-cDNA) was amplified by PCR, multiple copies of smhBD2-cDNA were linked using Bgl II and BamH I enzymes, pET32-nsmHBD2-cDNA with 1, 2, 4, or 8 copies of smhBD2-cDNA was constructed. The soluble and insoluble hBD2 proteins were separated and analyzed by SDS-PAGE analysis. The soluble protein underwent a separation process containing affinity chromatography, enterokinase digestion and ion exchange chromatography to get the recombinant hBD2 peptide. The bioactivity of recombinant hBD2 was examined by bacteria-inhibition tests in liquid culture., Result: The plasmids pET32-nsmHBD2-cDNA with 1, 2, 4 copies of smhBD2-cDNA were constructed and the expressed soluble protein accounted for 52 %, 48 %, and 31 % respectively. The plasmids with 8 copies expressed mainly insoluble protein with few in soluble form. The growth of E.coli K12D31 was dramatically suppressed with a inhibition rate of 90 %, when the final concentration of recombinant hBD2 reached between 0.4 to 0.5 mug/ml., Conclusion: Fusion expression of human beta-defensin-2 with multiple joined genes in E.coli could increase the expression of hBD2.

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term clinical effect and advantages of Bränemark system's multi-unit abutment used for standard or MK III implants supported fixed prosthodontics., Methods: Routine clinical examinations and preparations, including panoramic tomography, periapical radiograph and surgical guide plate, were performed in 37 cases with multiple lost teeth. A total of 117 Bränemark system's implants were placed using a two-stage surgical approach. Multi-unit abutment connection was performed 3-6 months after implant installation. All superstructure prosthetic appliances were porcelain-fused-to-golden metal bridges., Results: The follow-up period for the implants was 12 to 24 months. The total survival rate was 95.7%. Two implants were lost at second-stage surgery (the survival rate was 98.29% for first-stage), and 3 implants were lost after loading (the survival rate was 97.43% for second-stage). The other 112 implants function uneventfully. There were no bone loss around implants, no abutment and gold cylinder screw loosen., Conclusions: The multi-unit abutment, on basis of collecting all the merits of the traditional abutment, was further designed in a simplified way, which not only expands its clinical application, operate easily, but also enhance its whole superstructure. It is more suitable for implant supported fixed prosthodontics with high success rate and more advantages than the traditional abutment.

Objective: To investigate the clinical outcome of the repairing of soft tissue defects of foot with reverse island skin flap nourished by vasa vasorum of the sural nerve., Methods: The skin flap was designed with sural nerve and its vasa vasorum as the pedicle, and was harvested from the posterior crural region based on the size of the wounds. The defects of the foot in eighteen patients were repaired by reverse transplantation of the skin flap. The state of the skin flaps was observed post-operatively., Results: All the skin flaps survived. The biggest skin flap was 10.5 cm x 16.5 cm in size. The donor sites healed well with negligible change in appearance and function., Conclusion: Reverse gastrocnemius musculocutaneous flap nourished by sural nerve vasa vasorum was easily procured with high survival rate, and it could be an ideal flap for the repair of soft tissue defect of the foot.

A strain of halophilic archaeum AB1 was isolated and purified from Aibi Lake located in the north of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Partial DNA fragment encoding a bacteriorhodopsin (Br) protein as well as 16S rRNA of AB1 was amplified by PCR, and their nucleotide sequences were determined subsequently. On the basis of homology and phylognetic analysis about 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA), it could be speculated that the strain AB1 is a novel member of the genus Natronococcus. The hydropathy analysis of Br fragment revealed that the AB1 Br had a transmembrane heptahelical structure similar to that of other Brs. On the other hand, homology alignment using the deduced partial amino acid sequence of Br protein of AB1 with other Br proteins showed that AB1 Br protein is obviously different to others. These facts indicated that the Br in halophilic archaeum AB1 is a new Br protein.

This study is focused on Corynebacterium glutamicum, an important producer in amino-acids industry, by the protocol with construction of the in-frame deletion fragments of targeting genes, application of DNA recombination technique and so on. We achieved successfully the defined deletion mutants in frame of the single gene or double genes. The in-frame deletion mutants are subsequently analyzed and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing.

In order to define the chromosomal locus of the transposon integration in a mutant of Corynebacterium glutamicum, transposon rescue experiments were performed. By isolating parts of the transposon together with adjacent parts of the bacterial chromosome and subsequent sequencing of the adjacent parts, the mutant was found to have three transposon integrations, one just in front of the citrate synthase gene gltA, the other two in hitherto unknown open reading frames designated orfA and orfB. The transposon rescue experiments are proven to be a easy, practical and ideal way in analyzing the transposon integration sites.