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Alginate oligosaccharides are a kind of low molecular weight polymer composed of 2~10 monosaccharide molecules linked by the same or different glycosidic bonds. Alginate lyase is an important tool for the enzymatic preparation of AOS. AOS prepared by the enzymatic method is superior to AOS prepared by other methods in purity, performance and structure. In this paper, the origin, structure and enzymatic properties of alginate lyase were reviewed, and the applications of alginate lyase in aquaculture, such as feed additive, microalgae cultivation, immune regulation, antioxidant and antibacterial, were summarized. The research direction of alginate lyase and the application prospect of alginate lyase in aquaculture were prospected, which provided reference for the application of alginate lyase and AOS in aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to study the degradation rate of RPCys and RPMet in saliva, rumen and small intestine, examine the stability of RPCys and RPMet coating. The degradation rates of RPCys and RPMet were determined by artificial saliva method, semi-internal nylon bag method and in vitro simulated intestinal digestion method, and the protective effect of RPCys and RPMet over rumen was evaluated comprehensively. The results showed that the degradation rates of RPCys and RPMet in artificial saliva were 3.24%, 9.32% in 2 h and 4.10%, 11.84% in 4 h, respectively. The effective degradation rates in rumen were 8.97% and 32.00%, respectively. The degradation rate was higher than 87.38% and 81.12% after 2 h in the simulated small intestine environment in vitro, respectively. The experiment indicates that RPCys and RPMet are well coated, stable in artificial saliva and rumen, which have high small intestinal release rate. Compared with RPMet, RPCys has better rumen bypass protection effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short-term load forecasting is generally applied in power system real-time dispatching and day-ahead generation planning, which is of great significance for power system economic dispatching and safe operation of the system. Many researches on short-term load forecasting using smart models have been conducted at home and abroad. However, how to obtain the optimal structure and parameters accurately and quickly poses a challenge to short-term load forecasting, because the prediction performance of smart forecasting methods is more easily affected by the structure and parameters of the method, and the personality difference of the prediction object itself makes it difficult for the parameters to be reused. Aiming at this problem, a tree-structured Parzen estimator (TPE)-based boosting short-term load forecasting method is proposed. The results show that the proposed method can achieve rapid optimization of structure and parameters, which is verified in the application in short-term load forecasting of a southern province in China to improve the prediction accuracy.

Both nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the main limiting elements for plant growth in terrestrial ecosystems. Fine roots play a critical role in plant growth. To reveal the effects of combined N and P addition on fine root traits of Machilus pauhoi , we performed a field N and P addition experiment in the midmonth from April to September in 2016 and 2017 in a 3-year M. pauhoi forest (N and P supply ratios were 8:1, 10:1, 12:1, 15:1). Both fine root morphological traits (specific root length, specific root area, average diameter, root tissue density) and stoichiometric traits (total carbon content, total nitogen content and carbon-nitrogen ratio) were analyzed. The results showed that the effects of combined application of N and P on fine root raits varied with seasons. In June, fertilization significantly increased specific root area, total nitrogen content and specific root length of 0-1 mm fine root, but decreased root tissuse density, carbon-nitrogen ratio and average diameter of 0-1 mm root. The most obvious change of fine root traits in June was found under the treatment with a N and P supply ratio of 12:1. In December, combined N and P addition significantly increased root tissue density, total nitrogen content, carbon-nitrogen ratio as well as fine root biomass with the diameter of 0-1 mm. The results of principal component analysis showed that different N and P supply ratios exerted different effects on the relationships among fine root traits. Fine root traits were distributed at both ends of Axis 1 when treated with 12:1 N:P, while distributed at Axis 1 and Axis 2 under other treaments. There was a significant negative correlation between fine root average diameter variation and the relative plant growh rate. The relationship among fine root traits, and between fine root traits and the relative growth rate of plant biomass were optimally coordinated at the treament with a N:P ratio of 12:1.

Objective: To observe the effect of pricking blood at Neiyingxiang (EX-HN 9) on the intraocular pressure of patients of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG)., Methods: Ninty-six cases (166 eyes) were randomly divided into an observation group (44 cases) and a control group (52 cases). The observation group was treated with pricking blood at Neiyingxiang (EX-HN 9), and the control group was treated with 0.5% Timolol Maleate drops in eyes. The changes of patients' intraocular pressure in both groups were observed before and after treatment., Results: The intraocular pressure were (29.81 +/- 3.49) mmHg and (23.18 +/- 3.61) mmHg before and after treatment in the observation group, and (29.94 +/- 3.64) mmHg and (23.88 +/- 3.96) mmHg in the control group respectively, there were significant differences after treatment in the two groups (both P<0.01), while there was no significant difference in decreasing the intraocular pressure between the two groups (P>0.05)., Conclusion: Pricking blood at Neiyingxiang (EX-HN 9) can effectively decrease the intraocular pressure and the effect is equivalent to Timolol Maleate drops.

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors of post-renal biopsy bleeding (PBB)., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1 262 patients who received ultrasound-guided biopsy of native kidney at our hospital from January 2005 to December 2006., Results: The overall incidence of PBB was 30.3% (383/1,262), among which the incidence of hematoma was 29.4% (371/1,262) (the percentages of less and more than 5cm were 73.9% and 26.1%, respectively) while that of gross hematuria was only 1.3% (17/1,262). The incidences of minor, intermediate, and major bleeding complications were 21.4% (270/1,262), 8.4% (106/1,262), and 0.6% (7/1,262), respectively. In seven patients with major bleeding complications, six had renal disease secondary to rheumatic disease (lupus nephritis, n = 5; scleroderma crisis, n = 1), while the other one had IgA nephropathy (Lee's classification V). The risk of PBB was relatively higher in women and younger patients., Conclusions: Patients with chronic connective tissue diseases are vulnerable to severe PBB complications. A close monitoring of these patients is necessary.