Search

Based on the shotgun sequencing of the fecal microbiome of 10 macaques (Macaca mulatta) from the Beijing Zoo and 10 macaques from Henan Jiyuan Wulongkou Scenic Spot, the difference in gut microbial community between macaques from two different environments was analyzed. The results showed that nine phylum, 18 classes, 22 orders, 31 families, 46 genera and 226 species were detected in the 20 samples. The analysis found that the captive and wild populations shared the most of bacteria (200 species), but wild populations had a greater variety of microbes than captive populations. The gut microbiome of captive macaques was mainly composed of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi. The gut microbiome of wild macaques was mainly composed of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. There was a significant difference (p=0. 001) in the gut microbiome structure between captive and wild macaques at the genus level. The diversity and difference of gut microbiome between captive macaques and wild macaques can provide guidance and theoretical basis for captive ma⁃ caques and wildlife management in scenic spots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive psychrophilic bacteria in raw milk can produce high levels of heat-stable protease and lipase, both of which are important causes of quality problems when cow's milk enters the shelf life. In order to explore the microbial diversity of cows' living environment in pasture and different stages in the raw milk circulation process, the pollution source of psychrophilic bacteria in the pasture was found out. In this study, we collected five samples in a large-scale dairy farm in Hebei Province $ TMR feed, cowshed pad soil, the first three milks, the normal milk after the first three milks, and the raw milk in the milk tank, and analyzed the bacterial community structure, psychrophilic species, abundance of psychrophilic bacteria in all samples by using metagenomic shotgun sequencing technology. The results showed that the mainly microbial were Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria at phylum level. At the genus level, the main genera were Anaplasma, Streptococcus, Enterococci, Spirospirita, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas. The soil of the barn contains 99.63% and 96.39% of the species of Pseudomonas in the normal milk and the total milk of the pasture storage tank, indicating that the soil of the barn mat is a potential source of pollution of various types of Pseudomonas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ticks are the second most harmful infectious agent in the world after mosquitoes and can transmit a variety of pathogens. The surveillance of pathogen in ticks is one of the important means for the prevention and control of tick-borne diseases and tick-borne pathogens. This paper reviewed the literature published in the past two decades on the principles， advantages， disadvantages and applications of current tick pathogen detection technologies. The paper introduced the development and application of various PCR technologies， and looks forward to the future direction. Finally， it points out that metagenomics represented by high-throughput sequencing will become the mainstream development direction of pathogen detection technology in the future.

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research on the relationship between gut microbiota and human health continues to be a hot topic in the field of life science. Culture independent 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing is the current main research method. However, with the reduction of sequencing cost and the maturity of data analysis methods, shotgun metagenome sequencing is gradually becoming an important method for the study of gut microbiome due to its advantages of obtaining more information. With the support from the human microbiome project, 30 805 metagenome samples were sequenced in the United States. By searching NCBI PubMed and SRA databases, it was found that 72 studies collecting about 10 000 Chinese intestinal samples were used for metagenome sequencing. To date, only 56 studies were published, including 16 related to metabolic diseases, 16 related to infectious and immune diseases, and 12 related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The samples were mainly collected in Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai and other cosmopolitan cities, where great differences exist in sequencing platforms and methods. The outcome of most studies are based on correlation analysis, which has little practical value in guiding the diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases. Standardizing sampling methods, sequencing platform and data analysis process, and carrying out multi center parallel research will contribute to data integration and comparative analysis. Moreover, insights into the functional verification and molecular mechanism by using the combination of transcriptomics, proteomics and culturomics will enable the gut microbiota research to better serve the clinical diagnosis and treatment.