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Delaying aging has become a hot spot of social concern and research. Our previous studies have shown that ripe Pu-erh tea can delay aging in mice by regulating the intestinal flora, but the metabolites in response to endogenous substances in mice are not clear. In this paper, the Morris water maze test was used to detect learning and memory capacity in control, D-galactose-induced aging, and ripe Pu-erh tea-treated mice. Non-targeted metabolomics was used to detect metabolites in the brain tissue and serum of mice from each group for the purpose of exploring the anti-aging effect of ripe Pu-erh tea on D-galactose-induced aging mice, screening differential metabolites among the three groups and analyzing the related metabolic pathways. The results showed that ripe Pu-erh tea improved learning capacity, and regulated 26 differential metabolites in the brain tissue of aging mice, mainly involved in the glycerophospholipid metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, histidine metabolism and purine metabolism pathways, among which the glycerophospholipid metabolism and histidine metabolism pathway were the most significant. A total of 11 differential metabolites were identified in serum, mainly involved in the metabolism of vitamin B6 and arachidonic acid, among which vitamin B6 metab olism pathway was the most significant. After the intervention with ripe Pu-erh tea, the contents of glycerophospholipid metabolites including phosphatidylcholine [PC (20:5/20:4)], phosphatidyl ethanlamine [PE (22:2/14:0)], phosphatidylserine [PS (20:5/18:1)] and lysophosphatidylcholine [LysoPC (18:2)], the histidine metabolite carnosine, and the vitamin B6 metabolite pyridoxal 5’-phosphate were significantly increased in aging mice. These results suggest that ripe Pu-erh tea can delay aging by regulating lipid and amino acid metabolism.