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Light-trap technology is an efficient, environmentally friendly way of controlling pest insects without the problem of insecticide resistance. This paper systematically reviews the development and achievements of light trap technology in China during the past 70 years, analyzing existing problems in the research and application of this technology, and forecasts future trends in its development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the role of autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) in acute ethanol-induced liver injury and its mechenism., Methods: Twenty-one C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into three groups:control group, ethanol group, CQ + ethanol group ( n =7). Mice in ethanol group were administered 33% (v/v) ethanol at a dose of 4.5 g/kg body weight. Ethanol-induced liver steatosis in each group was detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Hepatic lipid accumulation was detected by staining with Oil red O. Hepatic tissue triglyceride (TG) levels, serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) were determined by biochemical assays. Protein expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3) and nuclear factorκB p65(NF-κB p65) were measured by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)、interleukin 6(IL-6) were detected by ELISA., Results: Compared with control group, ethanol induced liver injury proved by accumulation of hepatic lipids, TG levels, AST and ALT activities were significantly increased by ethanol, protein expression of LC3-Ⅱ was also markedly increased by ethanol. Compared with ethanol group, addition of CQ increased furtherthe level of LC3-Ⅱexpression, and TG amount, serum AST and ALT activities, and the expression of NF-κB p65, TNF-αand IL-6., Conclusions: Acute ethanol-intake could induce liver steatosis and inflammation, and autophagy inhibitor CQ exacerbatedethanol-induced liver injury, suggested that autophagy might be protective effect in acute ethanol-induced liver disease.

In order to study the protective effects of Schizonepeta volatile oil (Sto）on endotoxin poisoning mice, and the relatively content of each chemical osubstance in Schizonepeta volatile oil was measured using GC-MS. The mare C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups including the normal group, model group, dexamethasone group (5 mg•kg⁻¹), and Sto (0.226 and 0.452 g•kg⁻¹, respectively) groups. The dexamethasone group was given the drugs once time by intraperitoneal injection on the 5th day, while the other mice were given drugs by oral administration once a day for 5 days. Then, the normal group was injected with the saline and the other groups were injected LPS (15 mg•kg-1) after 30 minutes of the last administration. After LPS injection twelve hours, the blood, serum, and lung tissue of mice were collected. The IL-18, IL-1β, IL-5, TNF-α, MCP-1, MIP-1β, M-CSF, and GM-CSF were measured in serum by ELISA and Luminex Magpix. The white cell (WBC) and platelet (PLT) in blood were counted and lung, spleen, and thymus index were calculated. The lung histopathology was performed at the same time. The GC-MS results showed that the relative content of menthone and pulegone are 46.67% and 33.92%, respectively. The Sto (0.452 and 0.226 g•kg⁻¹, respectively) reduced the levels of IL-1β, IL-5, TNF-α, MCP-1, MIP-1β, and M-CSF in serum (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The 0.452 g•kg⁻¹ Sto also reduced the levels of IL-18 and GM-CSF in the serum (P<0.01 or P<0.05). And the 0.226 g•kg⁻¹ Sto showed good anti-inflammatory effects by reducing neutrophil infiltration in the lung tissue. But the Sto had no effect on the increasing of WBC, spleen and lung index as well as decreasing of PLT and thymus index. The results showed that Sto has a protective effect in LPS-induced exdotoxin poisoning mice, its mechanism is related to inhibit the release of varies of inflammatory cytokines and reduce the inflammation reaction., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

A denitrifying polyphosphate-accumulating organism (DPAO) was isolated and identified, and the denitrifying functional genes were investigated. The strain ZQN2 was isolated using denitrifying medium. It was distinguished as DPAO by tests of aerobic phosphorus uptake, nitrate reduction, metachromatic granules and PHB (poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate) granules dyeing. Test of anaerobic phosphorus release/anoxic phosphorus uptake showed that strain ZQN2 released phosphorus and synthesized PHB at the anaerobic phase and used NO3- as acceptor to oxidize PHB during the anoxic phase with luxury phosphorus uptake, performing the function of simultaneous denitrifying phosphorus removal. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain ZQN2 was used for homology analysis and construction of phylogenetic trees. The results suggested that the 16S rRNA gene sequence of ZQN2 had up to 99% homology with those of many strains of Bacillus cereus strains in GenBank database. With physiological and biochemical reactions, the strain ZQN2 was identified as Bacillus cereus. The result of denitrifying functional gene study suggested that strain ZQN2 was the type of nirS+ and nirK-, which confirmed its denitrifying function from molecular biology point of view. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis of nirS gene of ZQN2 showed that it was closely related to many strains of Pseadomonas aeruginosa, which was different from the analysis results of the 16S rRNA.

Objective: To investigate the changes of serum levels of chitinase-3-like-1 protein (YKL-40) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (ACS), to explore its correlation with its severity, and to observe the effects of Guizhi Fuling Decoction (GFD) on levels of blood lipids, YKL-40, and hs-CRP., Methods: Recruited were 72 patients with unstable angina (UA) or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) at Department of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College from August 2010 to June 2011. They were randomly assigned to the treatment group (36 cases) and the control group (36 cases). All patients were treated by routine treatment, but patients in the treatment group took GFD additionally. The course of treatment was four weeks. According to the severity degree, all patients were graded to four ranks: low-risk group of UA, medium-risk group of UA, high-risk group of UA, and NSTEMI. The levels of YKL-40 and hs-CRP, and the correlation of severity degree were analyzed. Before and after treatment levels of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured. Before treatment, at two weeks, and after treatment the serum levels of YKL-40 and hs-CRP were detected. The relationship of YKL-40, hs-CRP and the severity of the disease were analyzed., Results: Levels of YKL-40 and hs-CRP were positively correlated with the severity of the disease respectively (r = 0.729, P < 0.05; r = 0.655, P < 0.05). The positive correlation also existed between YKL-40 and hs-CRP (r = 0.848, P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the levels of blood lipids, YKL-40, or hs-CRP between the two groups before treatment (P > 0.05). Compared with before treatment, the levels of YKL-40 and hs-CRP significantly decreased in both groups after two weeks of treatment (P < 0.05). The levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, YKL-40, and hs-CRP significantly decreased, while the HDL-C level increased in both groups after treatment (P < 0.05). The level of HDL-C in the treatment group was higher, while levels of YKL-40 and hs-CRP were lower after treatment, when compared with the control group (all P < 0.05)., Conclusion: On the basis of anti-inflammation and adjusting blood lipids by Western medicine, GFD could further reduce the serum levels of YKL-40 and hs-CRP of ACS patients, elevate the HDL-C level, and play anti-atherosclerosis effects.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacies of the special effect San Xiao decoction on type 2 diabetes mellitus and its impact on inflammatory factors., Methods: 116 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were randomly divided into control group and observation group from Aug. 2010 to Aug. 2012, and each group had 58 cases. Both of the two groups were given the conventional basic treatment and 0.5 g/time, oral, 2 times/d of metformin. The observation group was received 1 dose/d of special effect San Xiao decoction on the basis of the basic treatment, and the treatment course was 12 weeks. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2h postprandial blood glucose (PBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 ( IL-6) and c-reactive protein (CRP) were observed after the treatment., Results: The FBG, PBG, HbA1c and insulin sensitive index (ISI) of the observation group were better than those of the control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); BMI and body weight of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05); The blood sugar control effect of the observation group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.05); The hypoglycemia incidence of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.01); TNF-alpha, IL-6 and CRP of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The clinical efficacy of the special effect San Xiao decoction on type 2 diabetes mellitus is significant, it has the role of alleviating inflammatory response for diabetes and it also has less adverse reactions, which is worth to be applied in clinical.

The volatile components of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) oil were identified by gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (GC/FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The application of GC/FTIR in analysis of essential oil was mainly discussed. The accuracy of qualitative analysis for essential oil was improved by such technique asthe reconstruction of different spectra regions Gram-Schmidt Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and the application of subtracting of Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and the mass spectrometry.