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According to impedance measurement method, a detection system of resonance frequency for magnetostrictive material based on AD5933 was designed. The hardware circuit and software design of the detection system were presented in details. The detection system uses impedance measurement module based on AD5933, microcontroller processing module based on MSP430F169, display module based on LCD 12864 and power supply module to realize data collection, processing, storage of resonance frequency of magnetostrictive material and impedance spectrum display. The test results show that the detection system has characteristics of low measurement error, strong anti-interference and high real-time performance, and average detection error is as low as 7 Hz.

Objectives: To study the clinical manifestations, laboratory features, and labial gland pathological features in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complicated by Sjögren's syndrome (SS)., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 102 children with SLE who underwent labial gland biopsies at Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2013 to December 2022. The children were divided into two groups based on the presence of SS: the SLE with SS group (SLE-SS; 60 children) and the SLE-only group (42 children). According to the focus score (FS) of the labial glands, children in the SLE-SS group were further subdivided into FS≥4 subgroup (26 children) and FS<4 subgroup (34 children). The clinical data of the groups were compared., Results: Compared to the SLE-only group, children in the SLE-SS group had less skin and mucosal involvement, were more likely to have positive anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, and had higher levels of rheumatoid factor ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference in treatment protocols between the two groups ( P >0.05). Compared to the FS<4 subgroup, the FS≥4 subgroup had more frequent musculoskeletal involvement ( P <0.05), but there was no significant difference in SLE disease activity or other major organ involvement between the subgroups ( P >0.05)., Conclusions: Children with SLE complicated by SS are less likely to have skin and mucous membrane involvement and exhibit specific serological characteristics. The SLE-SS children with an FS≥4 are more likely to experience musculoskeletal involvement. However, FS is not associated with disease activity or other significant organ damage.

River ecological health assessments are the premise for protecting river biodiversity and curbing river water environment deterioration. To explore the river ecosystem health status and its response mechanism to water environmental factors in the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River, phytoplankton samples were collected during July and October 2021, and water environmental factors were measured. The phytoplankton species were identified, and their cell abundance and biomass were calculated. The phytoplankton integrity index was constructed to evaluate the ecological health status of the river. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of water environmental factors and phytoplankton community, as well as the correlation between P-IBI value and community parameters and water environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed that the difference in water environmental factors was not evident in time but was significant in space. The average cell abundance and biomass of phytoplankton were in the order of wet season>dry season and main stream>tributaries. Diatoms dominated the community, and pH and WT were the major water environmental factors driving the spatial and temporal distributions of phytoplankton. The ecological health status of the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River was "healthy to sub-healthy." The river health status was better than that of the dry season, and that of the tributaries was better than that of the main stream. EC, TUR, WT, NO 3 - -N, and NH 4 + -N were the major water environmental factors affecting the ecological health status of the river reach, which could be affected by the direction and rate of phytoplankton community succession. It is involved in and affects the process of material circulation and energy flow of the river ecosystem, thereby driving the ecological health of the middle reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River.

Objective: To explore the clinical effect of Kirschner wire intramedullary fixation in the treatment of both-bone forearm fractures in children of high altitude area., Methods: From August 2020 to December 2021, 19 children were treated with Kirschner wire intramedullary fixation including 11 males and 8 females, aged from 4 to 13 years old with an average of (8.16±2.71) years old. The course of disease was 1 to 10 days, with a mean of (4.11±2.51) d. First, close reduction was performed. If the reduction was unsuccessful, limited open reduction was performed, followed by Kirschner wire intramedullary fixation of the radius and ulna. The fracture healing was evaluated by X-ray after operation, and the curative effect was evaluated by Anderson forearm function score standard., Results: The wound healed well after operation, 2 cases had clinical manifestations of needle tail irritation after operation, and the symptoms disappeared after removing the internal fixation. The average follow-up time was(7.68±3.50) months (3 to 14 months). X-ray showed that all fracture healing in follow-up, Anderson forearm function score showed excellent in 16 cases, good in 2 cases and fair in 1 case at the final follow-up., Conclusion: Children with fractures in plateau areas often have delayed medical treatment, lack of medical conditions and insufficient compliance. Based on these characteristics, Kirschner wire intramedullary fixation for the treatment of children's double forearm fractures has the advantages of small injury and rapid recovery. It is a kind of operation method that can be popularized.

Objective: To understand the study method and the baseline characteristics of the survey subjects of Shandong hilly rural natural population cohort study, and provide reference for the research of the prevalence and risk factors of common chronic and non-communicable diseases. Methods: Baseline survey, including questionnaire survey, physical examination, biochemical index examination and blood and saliva collection, was conducted in local residents aged 20-79 years in Kongcun and Xiaozhi townships of Pingyin county, Shandong province, from 2017 to 2019. Shandong hilly rural natural population cohort was established and main baseline characteristics of the study subjects were statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 10 296 study subjects aged 54.45 years were included in the study, in whom 40.6% were males. Among the study subjects, 88.3% had education level of junior high school or below, 62.1% were famers, and 90.7% were married. Smokers accounted for 45.6% of men and 0.9% of women, and drinkers accounted for 65.8% of men and 3.0% of women, respectively. The self-reported rates of hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke and tumors were 19.8%, 3.2%, 2.8%, 2.7% and 1.2%, respectively. Conclusion: The Shandong hilly rural cohort natural population study provided important evidence for assessing the risk for common chronic and non-communicable diseases and disease prevention and control in hilly rural areas.

Using high-resolution dendrometers, we monitored the intra-annual stem radial variations of Abies georgei and Larix potaninii in the subalpine coniferous forest in Baima Snow Mountain, Northwest Yunnan Province. The seasonal dynamics of stem radial growth of both species and their responses to environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed that the stem radial growth of A. georgei and L. potaninii mainly occurred during April to August, with the maximum growth rate in June. Compared with A. georgei , L. potaninii showed an earlier start but later cessation of stem radial growth, resulting in longer growth duration. Annual radial growth and maximum radial growth rates of L. potaninii were slightly higher than those of A. georgei . Daily growth rate of A. georgei was positively correlated with precipitation, but negatively correlated with vapor pressure deficit and air temperature. Daily growth rate of L. potaninii was positively correlated with precipitation, but negatively correlated with soil volume water content and vapor pressure deficit. Radial growth of A. georgei and L. potaninii was limited by water availability, with L. potaninii being more sensitive to moisture. Under the background of global warming, the increase of plant transpiration and soil evaporation might further aggravate soil water loss and reduce water availability for plants, which would make A. georgei and L. potaninii more vulnerable to drought stress.

Wuwei Ganlu, a formula for medicated bath, consists of medicinal materials of Ephedra sinica, Platycladus orientalis, Myricaria squamosa, Artemisia carvifolia, and Rhododendron anthopogonoides, which is effective in inducing perspiration, resisting inflammation, relieving pain, regulating yellow water disease, and activating blood circulation. On this basis, a variety of formulas for Tibetan medicated bath have been derived for the treatment of diseases in internal organs, joints, nerves, etc. Modern studies have confirmed that Wuwei Ganlu has a good therapeutic efficacy on knee osteoarthritis(KOA). The present study explored the mechanism of Wuwei Ganlu in treating KOA based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. Firstly, the chemical components of Wuwei Ganlu were obtained through literature mining and database retrieval, and corresponding potential targets were predicted according to the BATMAN-TCM database. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was obtained after the potential targets were input into the STRING database. The network function modules were analyzed by the Molecular Complex Detection(MCODE) algorithm, and the functions of the modules were annotated to analyze the action mode of Wuwei Ganlu. Secondly, the related targets of KOA were collected through the DisGeNET database, and the overlapping targets were confirmed to analyze the mechanism of Wuwei Ganlu in treating KOA. Finally, the key targets were selected for molecular docking with the main components of Wuwei Ganlu to verify the component-target interaction. A total of 550 chemical components and 1 365 potential targets of Wuwei Ganlu were obtained. PPI analysis indicated that this formula could exert the effects of oxidation-reduction, inflammation resistance, bone absorption, bone mineralization, etc. Nineteen common targets were obtained from the intersection of potential targets of Wuwei Ganlu and KOA disease targets. It was found that the Wuwei Ganlu mainly acts on nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB), interleukin-1 beta(IL1β), tumor necrosis factor(TNF), IL6, IL1 receptor antagonist(IL1 RN), and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2(PTGS2) to treat KOA. Among the 550 chemical components of Wuwei Ganlu, 252 potential active components were docked with TNF and 163 with PTGS2, indicating good binding of the components with potential key targets. The study preliminarily explored the mechanism of Wuwei Ganlu in treating KOA to provide a reference for the further development and utilization of Tibetan medicated bath that has been included in the UN Intangible Cultural Heritage.

Objective: To detect 20 common deafness gene mutations in non- syndromic deafness patients in China using PCR- RDB, and analyze and summarize the mutation data to explore the clinical value of this method. Method: The PCR- RDB and Sanger sequencing were used to detect 20 common mutations of four deafness genes（ GJB2 , GJB3, SLC26A4 and mtDNA ） in 500 patients with non- syndromic hearing loss . The Sanger sequencing was used to compare the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and total coincidence rate of the deafness mutation detected by PCR- RDB. Result: PCR reverse dot-blot hybridization is a simple, rapid, sensitive and specific method for detecting 20 mutations of 4 common deafness genes in Chinese population, it is expected to be used in clinical detection of deafness genes in the future.Conclusion: PCR reverse dot-blot hybridization is a simple, rapid, sensitive and specific method for detecting 20 mutations of 4 common deafness genes in Chinese population, it is expected to be used in clinical detection of deafness genes in the future., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To investigate the safety and effectiveness of radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) with adjuvant androgen deprivation or external radiotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) with pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM)., Methods: Twenty PCa patients underwent bilateral pedal lymphangiography (PLG) preoperatively, and 11 of them received lymph node aspiration for examination of the mRNA expressions of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in the lymph fluid by real-time RT-PCR. All the patients were treated by RRP with extended dissection of pelvic lymph nodes, and 3 of them by external radiotherapy in addition after recovery from urinary incontinence because of positive surgical margins, followed by adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy., Results: Real-time RT-PCR showed positive mRNA expressions of PSA and PSMA in the lymph fluid of the 11 patients, all pathologically confirmed with PLNM. The median intraoperative blood loss was 575 ml, with blood transfusion for 5 cases. Positive surgical margin was found in 3 cases, lymphorrhagia in 2 and urinary leakage in another 2 each. There were no such severe complications as vascular injury and rectum perforation. The patients were followed up for 6－48 (mean 42) months, during which, biochemical recurrence was observed in 12 cases at a median of 12 months postoperatively and 2 patients died at 12 and 48 months respectively., Conclusions: Bilateral PLG and lymph node aspiration for examination of the mRNA expressions of PSA and PSMA in the lymph fluid help to confirm PLNM preoperatively. Radical retropubic prostatectomy with adjuvant androgen deprivation or external radiotherapy is safe and effective for the treatment of PCa with PLNM, but it should be chosen cautiously for those with Gleason 5+5.

To enhance the degradation of quinclorac in soil and water, corncob, bamboo charcoal, canola meal and sodium alginate were used as complex carriers to immobilize previously isolated bacterial strain Pseudomonas stutzeri PFS-4. Orthogonal experiment was conducted to optimize immobilization condition, and the degradation efficiency of quinclorac by immobilized bacteria and free bacteria in water and soil were further investigated. The results indicated that the optimal conditions for immobilization were: alginate concentration 4%, proportion of adsorption carrier (corncob: bamboo charcoal: canola meal=1:2:1), calcium chloride 3%, crosslinking time 4 h. Immobilized bacteria and free bacteria could effectively degrade 91.4% and 72.8% of quinclorac (800 mg·L -1 ) after 6 d inoculation at 30 ℃ and pH 7.0. The removal rates of quinclorac by immobilized bacteria and free bacteria were affected in actual wastewater and soil treatments, but the quinclorac removal rate remained at 84.2% in soil and 74.3% in water, respectively. The results also demonstrated that the carrier and entrapment media significantly affected the quinclorac removal in soil, and the degradation rate of quinclorac in soil was significantly positively correlated with turnover frequency. Therefore, the approach of corncob, bamboo charcoal, canola meal adsorption-sodium alginate immobilized P. stutzeri PFS-4 possesses application potential in in situ remediation of quinclorac contaminated water and soil due to its buffering to adverse conditions.

Objective: This study assessed the effects of two-phase treatment with Herbst appliance on the bony structure of the temporomandibular joint via cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis., Methods: This study selected 15 patients exhibiting early permanent dentition and classⅡmalocclusion combined with mandibular retrusion treated by a two phase treatment (Herbst and fixed appliance). The CBCT scans of the patients were obtained at the following stages: 2 weeks before Herbst treatment (T1), at the start of treatment when the Herbst appliance was set in place (T2), immediately after removal of the Herbst appliance (T3), and immediately after removal of the edgewise appliance (T4). Three-dimensional reconstruction and related measurements were performed using InvivoDental software, and the acquired data were statistically analyzed., Results: 1) CBCT showed a crescent-shaped hyperplasia at the posterior-superior border of the condyles that the outer edge was highly dense and the inner region was lowly dense in T3 in 14 patients (28 condyles). 2) In T3-T2 and T4-T1, the diameters of the anteroposterior condyles increased by 0.62 and 0.66 mm, respectively (P<0.01), and the condylar head height correspondingly increased by 0.54 and 0.53 mm (P<0.01)., Conclusions: Condylar growth remodeling occurs during Herbst treatment.
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Objective: To explore if CHA2DS2 VASc score can predict substrate for persistent atrial fibrillation ( AF) and outcome post catheter ablation of AF., Methods: From January 2011 to December 2012,116 patients underwent catheter ablation of persistent AF in our department and were enrolled in this study. CHA2DS2VASc score was calculated as follows: two points were assigned for a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack and age ≥ 75 and 1 point each was assigned for age ≥ 65, a history of hypertension, diabetes,recent cardiac failure, vessel disease, female. Left atrial geometry ( LA) was reconstructed with a 3.5 mm tip ablation catheter with fill-in threshold 10 in CARTO system. The mapping catheter was stabled at each endocardial location for at least 3 seconds for recording. The electrogram recordings at each endocardial location were analyzed with a custom software embedded in the CARTO mapping system. Interval confidence level (ICL) was used to characterize complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) . As the default setting of the software, ICL more than or equal to 7 was considered sites with a highly repetitive CFAEs complex. CFAEs index was defined as the fraction of area of ICL more than or equal to 7 to the left atrial surface. The CFAEs index and outcome of catheter ablation among different CHA2DS2VASc groups were compared., Results: Of the 116 patients, CHA2DS2VASc was 0 in 33 patients, 1 in 31 patients and ≥ 2 in 52 patients. Left atrial surface ((121.2 ± 18.9) cm2, (133.6 ± 23.8) cm2, (133.9 ± 16.1) cm2, P = 0.008), left atrial volume ((103.6 ± 24.8) ml, (118.3 ± 27.8) ml, (120.9 ± 20.9) ml, P = 0.005) and CFAEs index (44.6% ± 22.4%, 54.2% ± 22.2%, 58.7% ± 23.1%, P = 0.023) increased in proportion with increasing CHA2DS2VASc. ICLmax, ICLmin and CFAEs spatial distribution were similar among the three groups. During the mean follow-up of (13 ± 8) months, the recurrence rate were 36.4%, 35.5%, 55.8% among the three groups (P = 0.025)., Conclusion: A high CHA2DS2VASc score is associated with extensive AF substrate and higher recurrence rate post catheter ablation of persistent AF.

Objective: To study the relationship between daily temperature and non-accidental deaths in four districts of Jinan, and to investigate the impact of temperature on cause-specific mortality., Methods: Data on daily mortality of the four districts (Shizhong, Huaiyin, Tianqiao, Lixia) as well as data related to meteorology and air pollution index were collected from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012. Distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was then used to assess the effects of temperature on all non-accidental deaths and deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVD), respiratory diseases (RD), digestive diseases, urinary diseases, and also subcategories to hypertension, ischemic heart diseases (IHD), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cerebro-vascular diseases (CBD) and chronic lower respiratory diseases., Results: A W-shaped relationship was noticed between daily average temperature and non-accidental deaths. The effect of low temperature last for more than 30 days, much longer than that of high temperature, in which presented a harvesting effect less than 5 days. As to the cause-specific mortality, short-term heat effects were seen in CVD and RD as well as related subgroups as IHD, CBD and AMI, with RRs at lag 0 as 1.12 (95%CI:1.07-1.17), 1.06 (95% CI:1.02-1.31), 1.08 (95% CI:1.003-1.16), 1.10 (95% CI:1.02-1.20) and 1.13 (95% CI: 1.003-1.26). Relatively higher RRs were seen in urinary diseases and hypertension under extremely high temperature, reaching as high as 2.30 (95%CI:1.18-4.51) and 1.65 (95%CI:1.02-2.69). Cold weather presented a delayed effect for 30 days, with cumulative RRs as 1.51 (95%CI:1.42-1.60), 1.90 (95%CI:1.64-2.20), 2.12 (95%CI:1.67-2.69), 1.48 (95%CI:1.08-2.03), 1.60 (95%CI:1.46-1.75), 1.40 (95%CI:1.26-1.55), 1.68 (95%CI:1.45-1.95) for CVD, RD, chronic lower respiratory diseases, hypertension,IHD, CBD and AMI, on sequence., Conclusion: A relationship was seen between daily temperature and non-accidental deaths as well as cause-specific mortality. Either high or low temperature seemed to be detrimental. Related measures on disease prevention should be taken during the cold and hot seasons.

Objective: To find out the differences in regional characteristics of heat vulnerability between people living in urban centers and urban-fringe areas of Jinan city so as to provide basis for the development of adaptation measures to heat., Methods: A cross-sectional survey on heat vulnerability was conducted in urban center and urban-fringe areas of Jinan city, using a self-designed questionnaire among 801 residents at the age of 16 years or older in August 2013. Data of 23 indicators related to heat vulnerability were collected and aggregated to 7 dimensions:health and medical insurance, social networks, heat perception and adaptive behavior, economic status, resources, living environment and working environment. An index score was calculated using a balanced weighted average approach for each dimension, ranging from 0 to 1, with the closer to 1 as greater vulnerability., Results: The scores on heat perception and adaptive behavior, economic status, resources and working environment dimensions for urban-fringe areas were 0.42,0.63,0.55 and 0.62, statistically significantly higher than the urban center area of 0.41,0.51,0.26 and 0.41. Scores of living environment, social networks and health/medical insurance dimensions for urban center area were 0.57,0.49 and 0.31, which were all higher than the urban-fringe areas of 0.50,0.46 and 0.25, with differences statistically significant., Conclusion: Residents living in the urban center might be more vulnerable to heat in terms of living environment, health/medical insurance and social networks while residents living in the urban-fringe areas might more be vulnerable in terms of heat perception and adaptive behavior, economic status, life resources and working environment. These facts indicated that heat vulnerability among residents could be quite different, even at a fine geographic sale. We would thus suggest that intervention strategies on protecting people from heat, should be more targeted.

A truncated mutant of the Open Reading Frame 2 (ORF2, aa384-606) was amplified from cDNA of genotype IV hepatitis E virus (HEV) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), subcloned to expression plasmid pTO-T7, and expressed in Escherichia coli. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting were used to detect and identify the recombinant protein, namely rP24. After washing of inclusion bodies, dissolving in denaturing agents, refoldeding by dialysis, ion exchange chromatography and gel chromatography, dynamic light scatter was used to study the hydrated radius of rP24. Western blotting was applied to detect the immunoreactivity of rP24, and mouse immunity test and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were applied to evaluate the immunogenicity and the detection rate of HEV positive and negative serum. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting show that rP24 was highly expressed in the form of inclusion bodies after induction, and had strong immunoreactivity to monoclonal antibody (McAb) 15B2. After a multi-step purification of rP24, Western blotting indicated that the purified rP24 also had strong immunoreactivity to neutralizing McAb 8C11 and HEV positive serum, suggesting that rP24 simulated the nature structure of HEV capsid protein. Dynamic light scatter demonstrated that the average hydration radius of purified rP24 was 7.48 nm. The mouse immunity test showed that the purified rP24 also had good immunogenicity, and the period of serum antibodies converted from negative to positive was very short, but the antibodies maintained more than 20 weeks. Indirect ELISA tests showed that the detection rate of was the same as anti-HEV-IgG diagnostic kit (Wan Tai corporation). Taken together, the rP24 simulated the neutralizing epitopes of natural HEV, and had strong immunoreactivity and immunogenicity. It provided a basis for the further investigation of the difference of infection mechanism between genotype I and genotype IV HEV.

Objective: To study the characteristics of cationic polymers polyethylenimine-β-cyclodextrin (PEI-CyD), polyethylenimine-poly-(3-hydroxypropyl)-aspartamide (PEI-PHPA), N,N-Dimethyldipropylenetriamine-Bis(3-aminopropyl)amine-aspartamide (PEE-PHPA) in vitro and in vivo., Methods: PEI-PHPA, PEI-CyD and PEE-PHPA were synthesized and the chemistry structure of PEI-PHPA, PEI-CyD and PEE-PHPA was confirmed by (1)H-NMR. The particle size and zeta potential of these polymers were measured, and capacity of plasmid DNA condensation was tested. The inhibition of COS-7, A549, HEK293 and C6 cells was measured by MTT assay. The transfection efficiency was determined in HEK293 cell lines. The toxicity, tissue distribution and transfection efficiency of cationic polymers were tested in vivo., Results: When the N/P of polymers/DNA at 30, the particle sizes were close 250 nm and the zeta-potential were near 35 mv. They were able to condense DNA at N/P ratio < 5. The MTT assay showed that the IC(50) of PEE-PHPA was 21.5, 20.2, 7.30 and 37.1 μg/ml, and that of PEI25kD was 15.8, 18.3, 11.4 and 36.7 μg/ml in C6, COS-7, A549 and HEK293cell lines, respectively. The cell viability of PEI-CyD and PEI-PHPA in above cell lines was over 60%. They had high transfection efficiency in HEK293 cell lines. The LD(50) of PEI25Kd, PEI-CyD, PEI-PHPA and PEE-PHPA in vivo was 19.50, 100.4, 521.2 and 630.0, respectively by intraperitoneal (ip) injection. The contractions of these polymers were higher in kidney than in other organs and tissues.PEE-PHPA had slight effect on kidney and liver function., Conclusion: PEE and PEI25kD have higher transfection efficiency and higher toxicity; while PC and PHPA-PEI have lower toxicity and higher transfection efficiency to be used as non-viral gene vector.

Objective: To develop a drug delivery system triptolide-polyethylenimine-cyclodextrin and to evaluate its anticancer activity in vitro., Methods: Triptolide was conjugated to polyethylenimine-cyclodextrin by N, N'-carbonyldiimidazole to form triptolide-polyethylenimine-cyclodextrin. (1)H-NMR, FT-IR and XRD were used to confirm its structure. The anticancer effect of the polymer was assessed by MTT assay, erasion trace test and hematoxylin-eosin staining. The potential to condense siRNA and to delivery siRNA into cytoplasm was demonstrated by gel retardation assay, zeta-potential determination and fluorescence staining., Results: Triptolide was successfully conjugated to polyethylenimine-cyclodextrin and the conjugation rate of triptolide was 10% (w/w). siRNA was effectively condensed by the polymer at the N/P ratio of 5, and its particle size was 300 ±15 nm and zeta potential was 8 ±2.5 mV. MTT assay, erasion trace test and hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that triptolide-polyethylenimine-cyclodextrin had anticancer effect and low cytotoxicity to normal cells. The polymer was able to deliver siRNA to the cytoplasm effectively as demonstrated by fluorescence staining., Conclusion: Triptolide-polyethylenimine-cyclodextrin is able to inhibit the growth and migration of cancer cells in vitro and to carry siRNA into cells effectively. It is potential to be used as a novel prodrug for co-delivery of gene and drug in cancer treatment.

Objective: To develop polyethylenimine-Doxorubicin-montmorillonite (PEI-Dox-MTT) as a novel multifunction delivery system., Methods: Dox was intercalated into montmorillonite, PEI covered to the surface of Dox/MMT to make the nano-particle. XRD, FT-IR and TGA were used to confirm chemical property of the nano-particle. SEM was used to observe the morphology. The capability of drug release was investigated by PBS buffer solution (pH 7.4). The DNA binding ability of nano-particle was detected by gel electrophoresis retardation assay. The cell viability in COS-7 and SKOV3 cell lines was tested using MTT assay. The gastric mucosa protection was evaluated in vitro., Results: XRD image showed that Dox was intercalated into montmorillonite, inter space of which increased to 31.3Å; the FT-IR spectra showed the vibration bands of PEI at 1 560 cm(-1) and 2 850 cm(-1), the vibration band of Dox at 1 350 cm(-1). Size analysis and SEM revealed that the size of nano-particle was 600 nm, and the zeta-potential was 30 mV. Drug release experiment explored that the nano-particle stably released drug in range of 6 X10(-4) ≊ 8 X10(-4) mg/ml within 72 h. MTT assay showed that the cell viability was over 80% in experiment condition in COS-7 and SKOV3 cell lines. 0.3 mg PEI-MMT nano-particle was able to protect gastric mucosa from alcohol., Conclusion: Multifunction system of PEI/Dox/MMT has been prepared successfully.

Objective: To compare allelic frequencies of 15 short tandem repeat (STR) loci (D8S1179, D21S11, D7S820, CSF1PO, D3S1358, TH01, D13S317, D16S539, D2S1338, D19S433, vWA, TPOX, D18S51, D5S818 and FGA) between chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients and non-related healthy individuals from Changzhou region in order to predict genes related with the CML., Methods: Blood samples were collected from 745 healthy subjects and 132 CML patients with complete remission. Genotypes were determined with gene scan technology and multiplex PCR with fluorescence-labeled primers. Allelic polymorphisms of 15 STR loci were compared between the two groups. Potential genes related with CML were predicted with statistical analysis of differences in allelic frequencies., Results: Allelic frequencies of 3 loci, including CSF1PO, vWA and TPOX, showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between the two groups., Conclusion: CSF1PO, vWA and TPOX loci may be related with CML, albeit that the exact biologic mechanisms is unclear.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of four common neuropsychiatric disorders in Tibet, with an aim to providing information support to health planning., Methods: The survey was carried out in four regions of Tibet. The sampling strategy was adapted from that of a national psychiatric epidemiological survey in China in 1982 and 1993. The Neurosis Screening Inventory, Screening Inventory for Alcohol Dependence and Related Problems, Child Intelligence Screening Inventory, and a questionnaire for the Detection of Epileptic Seizures were administered to the respondents through face to face interview. Those with a positive response and 10% of those with a negative response were further interviewed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (research version) (SCID-I ). Anxiety disorders and alcohol used disorders were diagnosed according to the American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) (DSM-IV). Hysteria and mental retardation were diagnosed according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10), and the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition (CCMD-3)., Results: The point prevalence of neuroses, alcohol-related disorders, mental retardation and epilepsy was 2. 56%, 4. 06%, 0. 28% and 0. 68%, respectively. The lifetime prevalence of neuroses, alcohol-related disorders, mental retardation and epilepsy was 2. 62%, 4. 24%, 0. 28% and 0.72%, respectively., Conclusion: Alcohol-related disorders and neuroses are the two common mental health problems in Tibet. Mental retardation and epilepsy are the two serious neuropsychiatric disorders affecting Tibetan children and adolescence. These disorders should be identified as priorities in the reginonal health planning in Tibet.

Objective: To evaluate the expression of PTEN in squamous cell carcinoma of larynx and its relationship with factors like pathologic fractionation, clinical TNM stage, and prognosis by the tissue chip technology., Method: We studied the expression of PTEN gene and its mRNA on a series of 146 cases of primary laryngeal carcinoma patients, 40 cases of precancerous lesion and 26 cases of vocal fold polyp by tissue chip by, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization method. The observed data observed and some relevant clinical dada were statistically analyzed., Result: The expression of PTEN in vocal fold polyp was negative, and its positive expression in precancerous lesion and laryngeal carcinoma were 40% and 43.15% respectively by immunohistochemistry, and were 72.50 and 59.59% respectively in situ hybridization. The difference between the expression of PTEN in laryngeal carcinoma and its pathological fraction and prognosis was statistically significant, but was not significant between that and location, clinical stage and LN metastasis. The mRNA expression of PTEN was higher than that of the protein expression in precancerous lesion and cancer tissue., Conclusion: The tissue microarray technique required shorter time and less expense, and showed higher consistency in our essays. And the present study suggests PTEN was a prognosis factor of the Laryngeal carcinoma.

Objective: To search for the best method of increasing clinical therapeutic effect of facial spasm., Methods: One hundred and twenty cases of facial spasm were selected and divided randomly into a scalp point-through-point electroacupuncture group (EA treatment group), an electroacupuncture control group (EA control group) and a carbamazepine control group, 40 cases in each group. Baihui (GV 20)-through-Qubin (GB 7), Shenting (GV 24)-through-Hanyan (GB 4), Touwei (ST 8)-through-Xuanli (GB 6), Benshen (GB 13)-through-Shuaigu (GB 8) were selected in the EA treatment group, and Baihui (GV 20), Yangbai (GB 14), Dicang (ST 4), Jiache (ST 6), Yifeng (TE 17), Hegu (LI 4), Taichong (LR 3) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were selected in the EA control group, and the EA treatment was given once each day, for 30 days. The carbamazepine control group were treated with carbamazepine 0.1 g, twice each day, for 30 days. Their therapeutic effects were evaluated by changes of grading of facial spasm strength and frequency, and myoelectric activity., Results: The strength and frequency of facial spasm significantly decreased in the EA treatment group with very significant differences as compared with other two groups (P<0.01), and there was a significant difference in the electrophysiologic indexes as the EA treatment group compared with other two groups (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Scalp point-through-point electroacupuncture can increase therapeutic effect on facial spasm and it is a better therapy for this disease.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characters of malaria in Linzhi district of Tibet., Methods: A retrospective analysis on the epidemiology of malaria was carried out using the data on malaria situation in Linzhi district of Tibet in 1986-2004, referring to the distribution of season, population and region., Results: The accumulative number of malaria cases in the period of 1986-2004 was 2459. The annual incidence of malaria in the district was reduced from 2.44 per ten thousand in 1986 to 1.03 per ten thousand in 2004, declined by 57.8% in 17 years. 99.3% of the cases were reported from Motuo County which was a typical high endemic area of malaria. The peak of prevalence occurred in June-October and 66.7% of the total cases were in the age group of 15-59 years old. 81.0% of the cases were farmers and 90.0% were Menba nationality., Conclusion: Motuo County has been the major area of malaria endemic in Linzhi district of Tibet. Most malaria cases in other counties are imported from Motuo.

Objective: To evaluate the predictive role of S-100 positive dendritic cell, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) and p63 gene in primary laryngeal carcinoma with epidemiology (smoking and drinking), histological grading, surgical treatment, TNM stage and prognosis by the tissuechip technology., Methods: We studied the expression of dendritic cell (S-100), TIMP-1 and p63 gene on a series of 85 primary laryngeal carcinoma patients who had ever received in our hospital between 1992 and 2000 by the tissuechip technology and SP method. The correlation of each score according to the intensity and percentage of labeled cells or intercellular substance with relevant clinical dada was statistically analyzed., Result: Some cases were lost or boasted no tumor tissue in our tissuechip. In available 79 patients, the rate of expressing S-100 positive dendritic cell is 59.5% (47/79), and the average percentage of its labeled cells in them is 8.71%. S-100 positive dentritic cells showed significant difference among different pathological grade group, early and late stage( P < 0.05). The rate is 55.7% (44/79) of the specimens whose basal membrane and extracellular matrix was strongly stained by TIMP-1; There was statistical significant in TIMP-1 protein demonstration between early and late stages, lymph node metastasis and 3-year survival rate ( P < 0.05) by chi-square test, but no relation with smoking, drinking, gender, age and histological classes (P > 0.05). There was wo statistical significant in p63 protein demonstration between TNM stages, lymph node metastasis, 3-year survival rate, smoking, drinking, gender, age and histological classes (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The tissue microarray technique spent shorter time and less expense, and showed higher consistency in our essays. And the present study suggests TIMP-1 and S-100 could be the clinical discriminators in laryngeal carcinoma.

Background & Objective: Hyaluronan (HA) is one of the major components of extra-cellular mesenchyma (ECM), which is secreted by several kinds of cells, including tumor cells. HA plays a role in cellular location and proliferation. It also takes part in the tumor cell motion and proliferation. It has been found that there was HA metabolism imbalance during the development of the solid tumors, and that, HA and its ligands might be related to tumor invasion, metastasis, and prognosis. The purpose of our research was to investigate the relationship among HA, the major ligand of cell adhesive molecule CD44, and pathologic types of ovarian adenocarcinoma., Methods: HA and CD44 immunohistochemical assays were performed in the histopathologic specimens of 78 cases with ovarian adenocarcinoma and 24 cases with ovarian adenoma. Their expression in benign and malignant tumors with various histopathologic gradations were determined. Results were recorded as negative, weak positive, and strong positive., Results: HA is mainly expressed in tumor stroma and extra-cellular mesenchyma, while cell membrane and cytoplasm were stained occasionally. In histologic sections, stronger expression was found in tumor stroma peripheral to carcinomatous nests. In total 102 specimens, positive HA expression in tumor stroma accounted for 71.27%. The positive rate in malignant tumor was 83.33%; the strong positive rate was 41.03%. However, the positive expression rate in benign tumor was 27.27%. The level of stromal HA expression increased along with histologic gradation. The expression level in serous adenocarcinoma was higher than that in other pathologic types. Expression of HA in stroma and expression of CD44 in the tumor cells were significantly correlated; and the correlation of HA expression with histologic gradations was better than that of CD44. However, the expression of HA in tumor cells was low and unrelated to pathologic types, histopathologic gradations, and CD44 expression., Conclusion: High level of HA in the stroma of ovarian adenocarcinoma is related to tumor histological gradations and pathologic types.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the seed of Allium tuberosum., Method: Chromatography and spectral analysis were used to isolate the constituents and elucidate their structures., Result: Five compounds were isolated from the alcohol extracts of the seeds and identified as nicotianoside C, (22S)-cholest-5-ene-1 beta, 3 beta, 16 beta, 22-tetrol-1-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-16-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, daucosterol, adenosine and thymidine., Conclusion: All the compounds were isolated from the seed of this plant for the first time.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of the seeds of Vaccaria segetalis., Method: Chromatography and spectral analysis were used to isolate the constituents and elucidate their structure., Result: Three compounds were isolated from alcohol extract of the seeds of V. segetalis, and identified as apigenin-6-C-arabinosylglucoside(1), apigenin-6-C-glucosylglucoside(2), vaccarin(3)., Conclusion: Compound 1 and 2 were isolated from the seeds of this plant for the first time.