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Copyright of South Architecture / Nanfang Jianzhu is the property of South Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article addresses the bathing problem in multi-machine collaborative operations, proposing a method based on improved self-organizing iterative clustering. This approach circumvents the issues of traditional manual parameter setting in the self-organizing iterative clustering algorithm that is often inconvenient and non-intuitive. The proposed method allows multiple machines to autonomously adjust the parameters involved in the clustering process, given a small number of intuitive hyperparameters. The ultimate goal is to iterate toward reasonable editing results. Initially, this article focuses on selecting feature vectors for the multi-machine collaborative confrontation situation. It applies standardization and principal component analysis to high-dimensional multi-machine situation information to confirm the new vector space. This space mainly encompasses position information in three dimensions and speed information. Subsequently, the paper introduces the concept of neighborhood density discrimination from density clustering. This improves the merging and splitting operations of the traditional self-organizing iterative clustering method. It optimizes and reduces the artificial parameters involved in these operations, enhancing the intelligent autonomy for batch clustering tasks. Before optimization, artificial parameters primarily include the number of expected clusters, minimum number of points within a class, number of iterations, upper limit of standard deviation that limits data distribution within a class, and an allowable shortest distance indicator between classes. Post optimization, the artificial parameters are limited to the expected cluster quantity, minimum number of points, and the number of iterations within a single classification. These optimized parameters are relatively intuitive, and the algorithm output does not strongly correlate with the input parameters. Ultimately, the paper selects algorithm evaluation indicators, including Dunn, Davies–Bouldin, silhouette coefficient, and Calinski–Harabasz. It uses these to evaluate the proposed algorithms ISODATA+ and K-MEANS+, along with the original ISODATA algorithm, against multiple artificially synthesized data sets (completely random data, Gaussian-generated data, and sin-type data) and real-world scenarios. The experimental results suggest that while KMEANS+ shows significant advantages owing to multiple manually set hyperparameters, it requires constant debugging when adjusting parameters, which increases the complexity of the task. Compared with the original self-organizing iterative algorithm ISODATA, statistical results show that the improved algorithm has equivalent capabilities to the original algorithm. This demonstrates that the ISODATA+ algorithm maintains good clustering capabilities even after removing some artificial parameters. The batching results from actual scenario tests further illustrate the effectiveness of the improved self-organizing iterative clustering algorithm in specific application scenarios, demonstrating its practicability for future real-world applications.

Copyright of Information & Control is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Informal spaces in urban villages represent a spatial chimera of socio-economic activities arising from driving social demands. Investigating the evolution and inherent rules of such spaces can provide direction and strategies for good governance. This study analyzes the process and outcomes of the self-organized evolution of informal spaces by considering their self-organizational characteristics. Herein, the Shenxiang village, which is a typical mature urban village in Suzhou, was considered as an example. We adopted qualitative research methods, such as questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews. The agglomeration and formation of informal spaces in Shenxiang is the consequence of self-organized evolution. This can be attributed to the interaction of internal and external environments, which is influenced by the socio-cultural concepts of local villagers and relationships among external groups. Based on the main body of spatial organization, the self-organized evolution of informal spaces in urban villages was divided into the following stages: "individual-oriented self-creation," "relationship-oriented self-expansion," and "social capital-oriented self-evolution." Furthermore, the spatio-temporal characteristics and self-organizational-evolution mechanisms of these informal spaces were analyzed at each stage. The findings are as follows: (1) During the evolution of informal spaces, the main body of spatial organization expands from "village people" to "rural people" and "insiders." This is the consequence of self-organized evolution between villagers and alien groups. In urban villages, the evolution and reconstruction of informal spaces is caused by the expansion and variation in social relations. (2) During the self-organization and evolution of informal spaces, the relationship network is crucial in strengthening trust and building consensus, spanning blood relationships in the "self-creation" stage and geographical and industrial relationships in the "self-evolution" stage. The informal spatial self-organization of urban villages relies on the sub-social structure constructed by the original relationship network, which perpetuates the consensual regional culture, conceptual consciousness, and living habits, and enhances the cohesiveness and centripetal force of self-organization. This study aimed to gain deeper insights into informal spaces in urban villages, formulate a theoretical framework for their governance, and analyze the order and rules of internal self-organization. We believe that such informal spaces are self-balanced and relatively independent informal economies that facilitate a symbiotic relationship between local villagers and external groups. The transformation and optimization of informal spaces in urban villages is a potential challenge. The guiding approach for optimization promotes the following: forming informal space communities in urban villages, respecting and stimulating their self-organization order, adhering to the mutual unity principle of self-organization and external organizations, combining the external impetus and internal development capabilities of the system, and adopting bottom-up consultation actions to balance the group interest more efficiently. To promote the governance of informal spaces in urban villages, it is crucial to adhere to the logic and rules of their self-organization.

Copyright of Control Theory & Applications / Kongzhi Lilun Yu Yinyong is the property of Editorial Department of Control Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of New Architecture is the property of New Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Infonnal spaces in urban villages represent a spatial chimera of socio-economic activities arising from driving social demands. Investigating the evolution and inherent rules of such spaces can provide direction and strategies for good governance. This study analyzes tlie process and outcomes of the self-organized evolution of infonnal spaces by considering tlieir self-organizational characteristics. Herein, the Shenxiang village, which is a typical mature urban village in Suzhou, was considered as an example. We adopted qualitative research metliods, such as questionnaire surveys and semi-structured interviews. The agglomeration and fbnuation of infonnal spaces in Shenxiang is the consequence of self-organized evolution. This can be attributed to tlie interaction of internal and external environments, which is influenced by tlie socio-cultural concepts of local villagers and relationships among external groups. Based on tlie main body of spatial organization, the self-organized evolution of infonnal spaces in urban villages was divided into the following stages: "individual-oriented self-creation," "relationship-oriented self-expansion," and "social capital-oriented self-evolution. "Furthermore, the spatiotemporal characteristics and self-organizational-evolution mechanisms of these infonnal spaces were analyzed at each stage. The findings are as follows: (1) During the evolution of infonnal spaces, the main body of spatial organization expands from "village people" to "rural people" and "insiders." This is the consequence of selforganized evolution between villagers and alien groups. In urban villages, the evolution and reconstruction of infonnal spaces is caused by tlie expansion and variation in social relations. (2) During tlie self-organization and evolution of infonnal spaces, tlie relationship network is crucial in strengtliening trust and building consensus, spanning blood relationships in tlie "self-creation" stage and geographical and industrial relationships in tlie "selfevolution" stage. Tlie infonnal spatial self-organization of urban villages relies on tlie sub-social structure constructed by tlie original relationship network, which perpetuates the consensual regional culture, conceptual consciousness, and living habits, and enhances the cohesiveness and centripetal force of self-organization. This study aimed to gain deeper insights into infonnal spaces in urban villages, fonnulate a tlieoretical framework for tlieir governance, and analyze the order and rules of internal self-organization. We believe tliat such infonnal spaces are self-balanced and relatively independent infonnal economies tliat facilitate a symbiotic relationship between local villagers and external groups. The transfbnnation and optimization of infonnal spaces in urban villages is a potential challenge. Tlie guiding approach for optimization promotes the following: fbnning infonnal space communities in urban villages, respecting and stimulating tlieir self-organization order, adhering to the mutual unity principle of self-organization and external organizations, combining tlie external impetus and internal development capabilities of tlie system, and adopting bottom-up consultation actions to balance the group interest more efficiently. To promote the governance of infonnal spaces in urban villages, it is crucial to adhere to the logic and rules of tlieir self-organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cavernous weathering is widely distributed in different climate zones worldwide. The dominant controlling factors and their formation processes have long been discussed in the geomorphological community; however, many controversies remain. In the danxia landscape, various forms of cavernous weathering develop on steep slopes. They are important elements of the landscape and provide shelter for the preservation of many precious historical cultures, yet there have been few studies investigating their origin. Danxiashan is representative of the Natural World Heritage site 'China Danxia', with widespread cavernous weathering features of various sizes and shapes, providing a good opportunity for investigating the origin of cavernous weathering in subtropical humid climates. Typical caverns on sandstone and conglomerate slopes at five sites in Danxiashan were selected and studied by field investigation, morphological measurement, meteorological monitoring, sample microscopic observation, and salt experiments. The results show the following. First, the diameters of the cavern openings vary from centimeters to meters, and the shape of the cavern openings is elliptical to elliptical. The tafoni on conglomerate slopes are generally large and tend to grow upward and inward, while the caverns on sandstone slopes are generally small and arranged in a honeycomb-like structure. Second, lithology is fundamental for the development of caverns. At the macroscopic scale, it determines their location and arrangement because the caverns generally align within the lamination of beddings or cross-beddings. Indeed, the morphological characteristics of caverns developed differently under varying lithologies. At the microscopic scale, the red beds consist of abundant soluble mineral components, such as feldspars and carbonate cements, which are chemically dissolved in the seepage of acid rainwater, the salt crystallization of which leads to the destruction of the rock texture. Collectively, they would have initiated the formation of caverns. Third, the favorable microclimate within the caverns is a key factor that is water and salt accumulation, and consequently, salt weathering and enlargement of the caverns over time. Notably, the microclimate within the Jinshiyan Cave has provided favorable conditions for algae colonization, which controlled the formation of the cell-and-wall structure of the regular honeycombs at the Longlingpian Rock. Finally, the dominant controlling factors were dissimilar between caverns and interplayed in different development stages of cavernous weathering, the entire progression of which was potentially regulated by a self-organized mechanism. However, the influencing factors and critical values of the positive and negative feedback mechanisms require further study.

Cytoskeletal networks usually refer to cellular structures that are comprised of microtubules, actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and their associated accessory proteins and motor proteins, facilitating a range of cellular functions such as cell motion, division and growth. In addition to the narrow definition of “cytoskeleton” that provides frame support to an otherwise fluidic cell, cytoskeletal polymers play an important role in many other cellular functions. For example, bacteria flagella and spindle apparatus are essentially microtubules in different forms. In living cells, there are also hundreds of proteins and biochemical factors regulating the structure and dynamics of such networks, which makes it extremely difficult to elucidate the physical mechanisms behind these processes. In recent years, study of in vitro cytoskeletal polymer-motor protein networks built from purified protein components not only helps to understand the fundamental principles of nonequilibrium self-organization and dynamic behavior of cytoskeletal polymers and motor proteins on the subcellular level, but also sheds light on the design of active matter system and active machines that may operate far from equilibrium with life-like behaviors and functions. One notable success is the artificial active nematics built upon microtubules and kinesin motors, in which active stresses are used to generate macroscopic active flow and guide materials assembly. The active stress and order emergence of materials organization can also be tuned by a set of external parameters, such as external magnetic fields and light-activated proteins, in addition to the concentration of protein building blocks, ATP, and crowding agents. In this review, we focus on in vitro cytoskeleton-motor protein networks based on purified components including tubulin, actin, kinesin, and myosin, emphasizing on the non-equilibrium nature of microtubule and F-actin polymerization, generation of active stress and formation of dynamic networks, as well as the self-organization and dynamic behavior of subcellular structures on a larger scale. We conclude with the application of such networks in the study of active matter and artificial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cavernous weathering is widely distributed in different climate zones worldwide. The dominant controlling factors and their formation processes have long been discussed in the geomorphological community; however, many controversies remain. In the danxia landscape, various forms of cavernous weathering develop on steep slopes. They are important elements of the landscape and provide shelter for the preservation of many precious historical cultures, yet there have been few studies investigating their origin. Danxiashan is representative of the Natural World Heritage site 'China Danxia', with widespread cavernous weathering features of various sizes and shapes, providing a good opportunity for investigating the origin of cavernous weathering in subtropical humid climates. Typical caverns on sandstone and conglomerate slopes at five sites in Danxiashan were selected and studied by field investigation, morphological measurement, meteorological monitoring, sample microscopic observation, and salt experiments. The results show the following. First, the diameters of the cavern openings vary from centimeters to meters, and the shape of the cavern openings is elliptical to elliptical. The tafoni on conglomerate slopes are generally large and tend to grow upward and inward, while the caverns on sandstone slopes are generally small and arranged in a honeycomb-like structure. Second, lithology is fundamental for the development of caverns. At the macroscopic scale, it determines their location and arrangement because the caverns generally align within the lamination of beddings or cross-beddings. Indeed, the morphological characteristics of caverns developed differently under varying lithologies. At the microscopic scale, the red beds consist of abundant soluble mineral components, such as feldspars and carbonate cements, which are chemically dissolved in the seepage of acid rainwater, the salt crystallization of which leads to the destruction of the rock texture. Collectively, they would have initiated the formation of caverns. Third, the favorable microclimate within the caverns is a key factor that is water and salt accumulation, and consequently, salt weathering and enlargement of the caverns over time. Notably, the microclimate within the Jinshiyan Cave has provided favorable conditions for algae colonization, which controlled the formation of the cell-and-wall structure of the regular honeycombs at the Longlingpian Rock. Finally, the dominant controlling factors were dissimilar between caverns and interplayed in different development stages of cavernous weathering, the entire progression of which was potentially regulated by a self-organized mechanism. However, the influencing factors and critical values of the positive and negative feedback mechanisms require further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on conventional observation data, automatic weather station data and CINRAD-SA Doppler radar data, we analyzed the weather background, environmental conditions, development mechanism and the gale that caused for the squall line event on 27 May 2018 in Guangxi. Results show that the cold tongue at 500hPa superimposed with the warm ridge in the lower layer built a strong stratification instability structure, with a high value of CAPE, which provided a favorable environment for the development of the squall line. The mesoscale convergence line located at the coast of Guangxi was the trigger mechanism for the initial convection system that finally leaded to the formation of the squall line system. The warm and moist inflow from the lower layer of the squall line reached the top of the storm and diverged. The cold and dry air inflow from the rear of the middle layer strengthened the downdraft within the squall line. The downdraft outflow formed convergence on the front side of the storm to trigger new convection. The self-organization structure of the squall line was formed by the inflow and outflow stagger. These were the important reasons for maintenance and development of the squall line under the condition of weak vertical wind shear. The main reason of strong wind was the density current caused by the merger and strengthening of surface cold pools.

Copyright of Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture is the property of Journal of Beijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Resource accessibility is directly related to the sustainable development of self-organizationand affects the degree of self-organizing public welfare. With the expansion of residents' self-organization,it is imperative to carry out internal development and integration of community resources to seek external resources. Empirical studies show that different types of self-organizing have different resource needs and there are possibilities of cooperation among them. The cooperation practice can nurture responsible community citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contemporary updating process for traditional villages in Yuannan Province was investigated based on reviews of the evolution and updating of villages. In addition, the self-organization evolutions of villages in the agrarian age and the heter-organization updating of modern villages were analyzed and summarized by combining the theory of self-organization with relevant case studies. Results show that self-organization evolution in the agrarian age is the fundamental internal cause of diversified village cultures, and many problems in contemporary village updating are the consequence of overemphasis on heter-organization intervention. The use of an "up-down coordinated" updating path of "macroscopic hierarchy-mesoscopic coordination-microscopic dynamic adaptation" is suggested, using the heter-organization method of "inputting order parameter, stimulating positive feedback and achieving collaborative development" based on the systematic nature and integral structural system formed by the self-organization evolution of villages. This will allow for the effective updating of traditional villages in Yunan Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of National University of Defense Technology / Guofang Keji Daxue Xuebao is the property of NUDT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Architecture & Planning is the property of Chung Hua University, Department of Architecture & Urban Planning and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Control Theory & Applications / Kongzhi Lilun Yu Yinyong is the property of Editorial Department of Control Theory & Applications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Architectural Journal / Jian Zhu Xue Bao is the property of Architectural Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Self-organization theory informs an analysis on the evolution of labor self-organizations(LSOs), but lacks technical analysis on the evolution of their organizational structures. Fortunately, complex network technology offers a new approach to analyzing these structures. Built on an extension of the Barabási-Albert(BA) model, we can simulate the evolution of LSOs by analyzing indicators including the clustering coefficient, degree distribution(DD) and average path length(APL) of workers, thereby demonstrating the evolving patterns of LSOs. Accordingly, governmental mechanism designs based on such patterns may not only stimulate energy growth and functional realization of LSOs, but also reduce the social percussions of abrupt evolutions. A comparative analysis of the evolutionary trajectories of LSOs in China and the U.S. finds that the U.S. government’s mechanism designs for protecting capitalism not only prevented the effective gathering of workers, but also prolonged the history of industrial conflicts. Such mechanism designs also led to the early dispersion and decline of LSOs and hindered the evolution of the working class. In contrast, the Chinese government established a socialist system that allowed workers to become the underlying force of socialist productivity. This design reduced labor strife while accelerating the evolution of workers towards higher stages.

Copyright of Tourism Tribune / Lvyou Xuekan is the property of Tourism Institute of Beijing Union University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ultra dense deployment and the coexistence of multi-system networks make the fifth generation（5G） mobile communications ultra-dense network operation complexity and cost increase greatly.Network self-organization has been as a key technology in 5G ultra-dense network for its excellent performance on enhancing the network management efficiency and reducing the operating costs.The network self-organization technology and its function，such as self-configuration，self-optimization and self-healing were introduced.Moreover，the technology challenges and the trends were analyzed for further research.

In this paper, an improved ant colony algorithm is proposed to solve the path planning problem of manipulator in narrow space. The traditional ant colony algorithm is improved from the calculation of probability distribution, quadratic optimization of optimal path and path elimination mechanism, and the simulation results are compared by using Matlab software. The results show that the organization ability of the improved ant colony algorithm greatly enhances the robustness of the system, the algorithm can significantly improve the adaptability of robot arm in the mine and other complex environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The collective self-assembly problem on two dimensional grid space were studied,and put forward sufficient and necessary condition for ensuring the connectivity of the assembly structure side,w ich was proved strictly.Based on this condition,parallel assembly strategy was proposed for collective self-assembly model based on maximum adjacent side closing and collision delay.Under the parallel condition,the model could assembly arbitrary side connective structure on two dimensional grid space,and through simulation some properties of the model were analyzed and proved further.

In the past, scholars emphasize the role that the state or market plays in the provision of rural public goods, while neglect the role that village itself plays in the provision of rural public goods. Based on field research, the article considers that besides the state and the market, there is a third way out, which is to rely on the power of village self-organization. This research finds that village self-organization uses social capital to integrate peasants and to facilitate their cooperation on public goods. To be specific, village self-organization can use clan network, reputation mechanism or institution of public opinion to mobilize villagers to participate in the public welfare. The article suggests that in the current construction of rural society, the authorities should properly excavate and protect traditional resources which are in favor of farmers' cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies the systematic self-organization theory to study the self-organization evolution, power mechanism and social conflicts of Anshan's spatial development from the layers of northeast, central south of Liaoning and the city proper. Under the background of economic revitalization in northeast China and urban agglomeration construction of Liaoning's central south, the paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges of Anshan and puts forward a holistic strategy of Anshan's urban spatial development, which includes such spatial structures as "one primary and three secondary, axial growth, a gallery with two zones, cultural continuation, and ecological construction" so as to realize the unidirectional compound effect of self-organization and other organizations in Anshan's urban spatial development and enhance the regional collaborative development of nature, economy and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovation and entrepreneurship of resource - based enterprise clusters are of great importance in the pursuit of sustainable development in a resource-based regional economy. However, there has been a sign of decline of the competitive edge in the development of resource-based enterprise clusters. By ecologically analyzing the key factors in cluster fragility, this thesis aims to study the formation mechanism of the fragility of the resource-based enterprise clusters and try to work out a managerial mode to overcome the fragility in the light of establishing a mechanism of innovation and entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the traditional GMDH network modeling with the least square method to recognize parameters, it's easy to fall into local minimum, and with the result that the prediction effect is not ideal. This paper puts forward to combine the simulated annealing algorithm and genetic algorithm, and introduces the combined algorithm to the GMDH network which is used to identify some of its description type coefficient. In this paper, it describes the simulated annealing genetic algorithm, and constructs the GMDH network model based on this algorithm, and the model is applied to the simulation of debris flow prediction research, forecast average relative error reached 3. 54%. The results show that the algorithm not only ensuring the global optimization but also preventing premature convergence, improve the GMDH network model of global and local searching optimal ability further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer electrolytes are promising materials as proton conductors for proton exchange membrane fuel cells or as ionomers for electroactive polymer actuators. Because the character of the material substantially depends on its nanoscale higher order structure, it is a fundamental subject to clarify the relationship between molecular interaction and the self-organization mechanism of nanoscale phase-separated structures to design the molecular structure of a polymer electrolyte that is best suitable for a specific purpose. In this work, we adopted a dynamic fluctuating charge model based on the charge equilibration (QEq) scheme in order to carry out a precise computation of electrostatic interaction in a system that contains strong interactions between polymers, solutes and solvents. We performed a polymer electrolyte oriented reparameterization and improved the calculation accuracy for dipole moments and polarizabilities, by using the simplex algorithm and including effects of external electric fields. Furthermore, we derived the equation of motion for a fluctuating charge molecular dynamics (MD) method that includes atomic charges as degrees of freedom, and achieved efficient rearrangement of the point charge. We applied our fluctuating charge MD method to the polymer electrolyte Nafion® and found that a precise estimation of electrostatic interaction is essential for spontaneous phase separation into the so-called Cluster-Channel structure, that is proposed based on small angle X-ray scattering analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the exacerbating disturbances of climate changes and human activities to terrestrial ecosystems, more and more studies realize that ecosystems are at the risk of shifts without warning in structural and functional states and recovery from perturbations require more time. Developing an early warning model to identify critical transition and understanding its ecological mechanism of typical ecosystems have become hotspot in ecological researches. At present, based on theoretical and experimental researches across multiple spatiotemporal scales, a variety of theoretical frameworks and indicators of early warning signals (EWSs) were proposed to signal terrestrial ecosystem critical transition. Here, in order to more thoroughly understand and construct theoretical frameworks and indicators of early warning signals, we reviewed advances in critical transitions from aspects of theoretical methods and processing mechanisms. Catastrophe theory and critical slowing down (CSD) are the two basic theories for early-warning ecosystem state transitions. Self-organization and feedback mechanisms are the primary ecological mechanisms to shape alternative stable state. Understanding cascade effects networks (CENet) among biological and environmental elements, and clarifying the equilibrium relationships between input and output of key ecosystem parameters are theoretical foundation of critical transition model. These theoretical cognitions could provide useful references to early warning of ecosystem disasters, ecological environment management and restoration.

The paper researches into the self-organization of the organism, i.e. the complexity from two aspects. The acquired acts of the organism are not mechanically determined by genes, but by the modulation mechanism which is formed in the interaction of the genome and the physical and chemical environment of the molecular. The self-organization and the complexity of the organism is realized through the autonomous exploration into the probability of the behavior in a random circumstance to reduce redundancy and to improve heterogeneity of its structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]