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The innovation capability of marine science and technology plays an important role in the green and healthy development of marine economy. This paper adopted the panel data of 11 coastal provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) from 2007 to 2016. Firstly, a comprehensive evaluation system for marine technology innovation capabilities was established, and the Weight-TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the marine technology of 11 coastal provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in China. Then the DEA-Malmquist method was used to calculate the green total factor rate of the marine economy in 11 coastal provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) . Finally, the influence of marine science and technology innovation ability on green total factor productivity of marine economy was studied by establishing GMM model. The results showed that scientific and technological innovation had a significant role in promoting the green total factor productivity of the marine economy, which was conducive to the sustainable development of the marine economy.

Boundary identification of field sources is an indispensable task for interpreting field data. Initially, people used the distribution characteristics of data to obtain boundary information of field sources, making it difficult to identify weak anomalies amidst strong background anomalies. To address this issue, automatic control filters based on a certain window size were employed to identify the distribution of field sources. However, this method's results heavily relied on the window size and were not well applicable to complex anomalies. In recent years, features reflecting the boundary information of field sources have mainly been derived from the derivatives of scalar field data. Then, the correspondence between imaging results and boundaries is utilized to identify the horizontal boundaries of field sources. Specifically, extreme values of magnetic anomaly horizontal derivatives and zero values of vertical derivatives correspond to geological body boundaries. Existing boundary identification methods mainly utilize a balanced boundary identification filter composed of the ratio of first-order horizontal and vertical derivatives to delineate the positions of geological bodies, but the method has lower resolution and generality. Therefore, this paper proposes combining boundary detection filters based on ratios of derivatives of different orders with multiscale unsupervised deep learning. This approach utilizes different orders of derivative ratios to obtain higher-resolution edge imaging results. Additionally, a combination of Deep Image Prior (DIP) and Generative Adversarial Network-None Local (GAN-NL) networks for multiscale unsupervised deep learning is established to determine the horizontal position of sources based on extreme values of edge imaging results. The multiscale DIP network is used to identify the source position, and a self-attention mechanism neural network is added to the DIP network to enhance its learning ability, which can remove noise without requiring a large amount of data label.

Huainan mining area is a typical high-gas area, with broken soft coal seam, low permeability, high gas content, and difficulty in extraction. In order to probe into the technical feasibility and gas control effect of the horizontal well for segmental hydraulic fracture in roof of coal seam in mining area, a three-dimensional in-situ stress test of coal seam was carried out using the stress relief method based on the analysis of the characteristics of the 13-1 coal reservoir, which was the main coal seam in the mining area. The results shown that, the three-dimensional stress field was mainly σh,max > σv > σh,min, which had sufficient conditions for the implementation of horizontal well with segmental hydraulic fracture in roof of coal seam. MFrac Suite software was used to simulate the fracture parameters of horizontal section at 1, 3 and 5 m from the coal seam. The maximum half-length of the fracture was 107.33 m and the minimum was 89.47 m, which was ideal for fracturing, indicating that the horizontal well with segmental hydraulic fracture had better geological adaptability and feasibility in Huainan mining area. Taking the CBM01 well, a horizontal well with L-type roof segmental fracturing in the 13-1 coal seam of Panyi coal mine, as the research object, the effect of gas control and management was comprehensively analyzed by means of borehole detection and numerical simulation. The results shown that, CBM01 well significantly reduced the gas pressure and gas content of coal seam after 415 d of extraction. The gas pressure at 50 and 65 m from the horizontal well decreased from 6.4 MPa to 2.6 and 2.7 MPa, respectively, by more than 55%. The gas content decreased from 13.5 m3/t to a maximum of 9.11 m3/t, a minimum of 6.92 m3/t, an average of 7.92 m3/t in an area of about 15-20 m on each side of the horizontal section, and decreased to less than 8 m3/t within about 10 m. Finally, a numerical simulation method was used to predict the gas production effect of CBM 01 well extracting for 10 a and the effect with gas control. The cumulative gas production of gas well was about 272.08×104 m3 in 10 a, and the gas content in the range of about 150 m on one side of the horizontal section was reduced to less than 8 m3/t, and the pressure was reduced to less than 3 MPa. Comprehensive research results shown that the horizontal well technology of segmental hydraulic fracturing in roof of coal seam had greater advantage and application effect in gas control and management in Huainan mining area.

In order to study the influence of low temperature liquid nitrogen immersion treatment on the pore structure and fractal characteristics of middle grade coal in Huainan Mining Area, coal samples were treated with different liquid nitrogen immersion time, and the pore structure of coal was measured by mercury injection and liquid nitrogen adsorption method. The fractal theory was combined to analyze the development law and scale characteristics of coal pores under different immersion time from multiple angles. The results show that with the increase of liquid nitrogen immersion time, the total pore volume of coal increases from 198.089×10−3 cm3/g to 371.553×10−3 cm3/g, while the total specific surface area decreases from 4.984 m2/g to 4.496 m2/g, and the effect is significant. The adsorption pore decreases, the seepage pore increases, and the pore connectivity of the adsorption pore increases to form a larger level of pore, which gradually changes to the seepage pore. There was a negative linear correlation between D1 (fractal dimension of seepage pore) and D2 (fractal dimension of adsorption pore) and the immersion time of liquid nitrogen, and the influence of liquid nitrogen immersion on D1 was more significant than that of D2. D1 and D2 decreased gradually with the increase of liquid nitrogen immersion time, indicating that the structural complexity of internal pores decreased with the increase of liquid nitrogen immersion time, and the porosity and permeability of coal increased. Dc (comprehensive fractal dimension) decreases with the increase of average pore diameter and total pore volume of coal body, and increases with the increase of total specific surface area. With the increase of liquid nitrogen immersion time, the comprehensive fractal dimension of coal body decreases, the adsorption capacity of coal body is weakened, and the seepage capacity is enhanced, which is helpful to improve the coal-bed methane extraction effect of low permeability coal seam in Huainan Mining Area.

Coal damage is a significant factor which affects coal permeability changes and gas flow. Damage-based seepage testing system with multi-shear end faces and nuclear magnetic resonance instrument were adopted to analyze porosity and permeability characteristics of damaged coal in different shear end faces and confining pressures. It is found that the number of macro-pores in damaged coal increases. Meanwhile, adsorption space transforms into seepage space, with better connectivity between pores. In the case of 50% shear end face, average area percentage of seepage space （relaxation time T2>10 ms） rises from 9.89% to 14.94%. Affected by shear stress, the axial deformation of coal continuously increases, 50% shear end face causing bigger axial deformation than the 30% shear end face. The larger the confining pressure value, the smaller the axial deformation. With increasing shear stress, permeability of coal decreases first before slowly growing. When stress reaches the threshold of coal strength, permeability of damaged coal rises exponentially. The permeability value corresponding to 50% shear face is generally larger than that of 30% shear face, and the former is about 7 times that of the latter.

The safety in the coal-producing mines in China is continuously improving, but coal and gas outburst accidents still occur. The prediction of coal and gas outbursts allows the scientific application of outburst prevention measures, which can ensure the safe coal mining to a certain extent. Machine learning is an interdisciplinary field involving probability theory, statistics, and computer science, which can explore the nonlinear relationship between outburst accidents and its associated indicators. The application of machine learning in coal and gas outburst prediction has received relatively widespread attention, and with the rapid progress of artificial intelligence and computer technology, it will play a greater role in the field of outburst prediction. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the research on machine learning in coal and gas outburst prediction, analyzes the difficulties in outburst prediction and prospects its development direction. Firstly, the paper provides a brief overview of the research status on the hypothesis, occurrence mechanism, and prediction index selection of coal and gas outbursts. Then, it summarizes the research progress in the field of outburst prediction, including the application of support vector machines, neural networks, extreme learning machines, and ensemble learning algorithms. In addition, it also points out the existing problems in the current research, such as imbalanced samples, missing data indicators, and small sample sizes. Finally, the paper gives an outlook on the developments of coal and gas outburst prediction based on machine learning, including improving algorithm performance, optimizing feature engineering, and increasing sample size. With the continuous improvement of computer performance, more powerful models may be proposed, which can further improve the prediction accuracy of outburst accidents.

To improve the real-time data transmission rate of unmanned vehicle ad hoc network and improve the throughput of unmanned vehicle network, a cooperative resource allocation algorithm for unmanned vehicle network link scheduling is proposed. Firstly, a 2-H cooperative communication system is constructed. The value function is used to describe the relationship between the link rate and the allocated resource unit. The maximum throughput equation of the unmanned vehicle is further proposed. Then, to allocate the communication resources reasonably, the link rate is dispatched based on multi-select knapsack problem, and the optimal value of the number of unmanned vehicle nodes is solved by exhaustive search method. Experimental results show that, compared with the vehicle network based on the distributed sensing and clustering and the optimization of the vehicle network based on the channel transmission model, the proposed algorithm improves the link speed by 8.7% and 7.4% respectively, and the total network throughput is improved respectively 10.6% and 12.8%. The proposed algorithm can better meet the requirements of data transmission rate of unmanned vehicle networks.

Online travel reservation has become a consumption pattern of tourism product that gains increasing favors from consumers, with obvious growth volume in hotel online reservation. Currently, in this market, there are both models of travel online business agents and hotel official websites and we witness more and more fierce in their competition. Is there any significant difference in terms of their price? Do different types of hotels show the same outcome? Based on this background we make an empirical study of the price competition of hotel online reservation in China by using paired-sampled T-test method and deeply analyzed the price-fixing regulation and the cause of the formation of these two kinds of models on online reservation channels. Corresponding suggestions are thus put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is the key step of the occlusal reconstruction to determine the correct occlusal vertical dimension for edentulous patients. Although there are several methods in clinical practice, there is no ideal way. This paper summariz⁃ es the following methods: inter⁃occlusal distance, closest speaking space method, pre⁃extraction record, face proportion division method and facial appearance observation, cephalometric analysis, electromyography, swallowing, bite force de⁃ termination and self feeling method. In this paper, the current research status and the feasibility of each method are dis⁃ cussed.

In this paper, hyperspectral imaging technology was used for nondestructive detection and distribution visualization of total acidity and firmness of red globe grapes. The hyperspectral information of 360 samples of growing red globe grapes in the wavelength range from 450 to 1 000 nm was collected using a hyperspectral instrument, and the total acidity and firmness of these samples were determined by titration and a texture analyzer, respectively. The Kennard-Stone (KS) algorithm was used to divide the total samples into a training set (270 samples) and a test set (90 samples) in a 3:1 ratio. The collected raw spectral data were preprocessed using various methods such as standard normal variate (SNV), Savitzky-Golay (SG), multivariate scatter correction (MSC), and normalization to determine the best spectral preprocessing method. Then, the feature variables were extracted from the spectral information using six dimensionality reduction algorithms: competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), successive projections algorithm (SPA), genetic algorithm (GA), uninformative variable elimination (UVE), CARS-SPA, and UVE-SPA. Using partial least squares regression (PLSR), optimal prediction models for total acidity and firmness were developed separately. Finally, the total acidity and hardness for each pixel of the hyperspectral image were calculated according to the proposed optimal prediction models, and a gray scale image was obtained and pseudo-color transformed to visualize the distribution of total acidity and firmness of red globe grapes. The results showed that the optimal prediction model for total acidity was MSC-CARS-SPA-PLSR, with correlation coefficient for the prediction set (Rp), root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) and residual predictive deviation (RPD) of 0.985 1, 1.348 2 and 5.664 3, respectively. The optimal prediction model for firmness was SG-CARS-PLSR, with Rp, RMSEP and RPD of 0.929 1, 7.935 4 and 2.510 8, respectively. In summary, hyperspectral imaging provides a new method for the detection and visualization of total acidity and firmness of growing red globe grapes.

99Tc is a key radionuclide in the safety case of deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) due to its long half-life of 2.13×105 years and high yield in nuclear reactors. The formation of technetium colloid in groundwater was believed to play a potential important role on its migration and transport with ground-water to biosphere under deep geological disposal conditions. In this paper, the membrane filtration experimental method was established firstly for the study of the colloidal behavior of technetium in aqueous solutions. All experiments were performed in an argon glove box to maintain the anaerobic conditions (O2 concentrations lower than 5 ppm) which will be expected in the HLW repository and initial technetium concentrations in the range from 10-9 mol/L to 10-5 mol/L, and liquid scintillation spectrophotometry was used to determine 99Tc. It is found that pH value and ionic strength have no significant effect on the liquid scintillation determination of 99Tc, and the filter has no obvious adsorption behavior for different oxidation states of technetium (Tc(Ⅳ) and Tc(Ⅶ)). The experimental studies of technetium colloidal behavior in deionized water system were conducted by using this experimental method. The results indicate that Tc(Ⅶ) has no significantly colloidal behavior even under anaerobic conditions due to its low hydrolysis ability, and can exist stably in the system for a long time, therefore it is a potentially higher mobile species. As Tc(Ⅳ) is trend to hydrolyze to form oxic polymers easily, which then aggregate immediately to form the intrinsic colloids over a wide ranging of pH values from 4 to 11 under the anaerobic conditions. Moreover, it is found that the Tc(Ⅶ) intrinsic colloid would exist stably during the experimental period of 398 days in the pH range of 4-11, and its concentrations may be several times or even one order of magnitude higher than the Tc(Ⅳ) presented as the ionic form. These results seem mean that the formation of Tc(Ⅶ) colloid may enhance the migration capacity of Tc(Ⅳ) which is considered to be relatively immobile, then potentially facilitating transport of Tc(Ⅳ) under geological disposal conditions. But the next experimental results demonstrate that with the increasing of the ionic strength, the Tc(Ⅳ) colloid would aggregate into large particles even continue to form precipitation. This experimental results illustrate that higher ionic strength in aqueous systems may eliminate the dangerous of Tc(Ⅳ) transfer to biosphere with groundwater in the form of intrinsic colloid. The effect of technetium colloidal on its migration behavior needs to be take into account, and some important formation mechanism of technetium colloidal also needs to be clarified and confirmed. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out more researches on radionuclide colloids in the research and development projects of geological disposal of HLW in China.

For improving the biological fouling resistance of TB10 titanium alloy, copper (Cu) and copper - silver (Cu - Ag) coatings were prepared on its surface by cold spraying. The mass fraction of silver in the powder used for manufacturing Cu - Ag coating was 10%. The phase composition of the coatings was detected by X - ray diffraction. The growth trend of sulfate - reducing bacteria in the solution was characterized by using a spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance at 550 nm. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the surface morphology of the coatings immersed in the culture medium of sulfate - reducing bacteria for 3, 7 and 12 days for the purpose of evaluating the biological fouling resistance of the coatings. In addition, the polarization curve of the samples in simulated seawater was tested by electrochemical workstation in order to characterize the corrosion resistance of the coatings. Results showed that in the immersion experiment, the number of bacteria adsorbed on the surface of titanium alloy was the largest, and the samples with Cu and Cu - Ag coatings possessed a certain biologic fouling resistance. The Cu - Ag coating had the best biological fouling resistance as the addition of silver promoted the rupture and death of bacteria. Furthermore, the corrosion potentials of the samples of Cu coating, Cu - Ag coating and original TB10 alloy were -300.0, -209.1 and -144.9 mV, and their self - corrosion current densities were 4.16×10-5, 1.81×10-5 and 1.55×10-7 A/cm2 respectively. Comparing with the original titanium alloy, the samples covered with Cu coating and Cu - Ag coating possessed lower corrosion potential and higher corrosion current density, indicating that the coatings could provided some anodic protection on the substrate. After the sealing treatment, the corrosion resistance of coated samples was improved, and the corrosion current density decreased by 2 orders of magnitude. Generally, Cu and Cu - Ag coatings prepared by cold spraying on the titanium alloy surface improved the biological fouling resistance of the titanium alloy. Besides, silver could generate a highly active bactericidal ion layer on the surface, making the antibacterial effect sustained and effective. Furthermore, the durability of the coating could be improved by sealing treatment.

The Chinese government made a statement at the 75th United Nations General Assembly in 2020 to increase the country’s nationally determined contributions, adopt more effective policies and measures, strive to reach the peak of carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. In recent years, with the rapid development of the iron and steel industry, the iron and steel industry has been promoted by various measures such as large-scale equipment, high-efficiency energy utilization, and reduction of pollutant emissions. Moreover, this industry has gradually made efforts to achieve low-carbon emissions. However, due to the particularity of the steel industry’s process system, the steel industry is still the main battlefield in China’s carbon emission reduction. The ironmaking process accounts for the largest proportion of energy consumption and emissions in the entire process of iron and steel smelting. Annual CO2 emissions of the iron and steel industry account for 6.7% of total global emissions, of which the energy consumption and emissions of the ironmaking system account for the total energy consumption of the entire iron and steel process, facing the important challenge of saving energy and emission reduction. To adapt to the trend and realize the transformation and upgrading of the ironmaking industry, various processes of the ironmaking industry have made great efforts in reform and innovation in recent years. This article introduces the new technology of sintering pellet quality improvement and consumption reduction from the aspects of new ironmaking technology and basic theoretical research, analysis of coke behavior in the blast furnace, blast furnace clean fuel injection technology, blast furnace longevity technology, blast furnace ironmaking data modeling technology, and metallurgical dust and mud reprocessing technology. Starting from basic research, the new ironmaking technology with the most potential is proposed. Then, under the general background of the current national carbon neutral strategy, the current international non-blast furnace ironmaking technology research progress is reviewed to provide a basis for the development of low-carbon ironmaking in China. Finally, starting from the latest micro-research methods, it introduces the current research progress in the field of ironmaking in the micro-scale, multi-scale comprehensive regulation and control of the mechanism of the blast furnace ironmaking process, and provides ideas for the future development of low-carbon ironmaking.

Pectoralis tendon reflex is different from other classic muscle stretch reflexes because of its unique anatomical structure: the longer spinal center of the reflex (C5-T1) and the shorter line of afferent nerve and efferent nerve. According to this characteristic, we can applied it to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of upper motor neuron damage on the cervical spinal cord, which promotes the early diagnosis and treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.05.015

Collaborative filtering recommendation algorithms widely used in e-commerce, recommend interesting content for users from massive data resources by studying their preferences and interests. The focus of similarity and evaluation have been changed when applied to social networks, however, they cause low efficiency and accuracy of the recommen-dation algorithms. User similarity was introduced for redefining the attribute similarity and similarity composition as well as the method of similarity calculating, then a new collaborative filtering recommendation algorithm based on user attrib-utes was designed and some methods for user satisfaction and quality of recommendations were presented. The experi-mental result shows that the new algorithm can effectively improve the accuracy, quality and user satisfaction of recom-mendation system in social networks.

Objective: To establish mouse endometrial injury model by curettage or coagulation. Methods: Female ICR mice were randomly allocated into 2 groups: in curettage group, a blunt 20G needle was inserted in one uterine horn with 0.05 megapascals negative pressure; in coagulation group, one uterine horn was coagulated using a monopolar electric needle with 0.5 watts power. In both groups the contra-lateral uterine horn was used as control. The morphological changes and thickness of endometrium were evaluated 1 week after operation. The endometrial samples were taken on d4 of pregnancy, and the expressions of endometrial receptivity-related cytokines were examined. The number of implanted embryos on each side of uterus was calculated on d10 of pregnancy. Results: There was no difference in operation time between 2 groups. In both groups, the endometrial glands and stroma were significantly reduced, and the endometrial thickness was also significantly decreased on injury side compared to contra-lateral horn. However, local injury was more severe in coagulation group, uterine obliteration and hydrops were developed in 2 mice of coagulation group, and none in curettage group. The expressions of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and oncostatin M (OSM) were significantly reduced on injured side in both groups compared to opposite side; however, the expression of LIF and OSM in curettage group was higher than that in coagulation group. The numbers of implanted embryos were decreased in both groups on injured side compared to opposite side, and fetal death was only observed in coagulation group. Conclusion: Both curettage and coagulation can make injury on mouse endometrium, impair endometrial receptivity and reduce fertility. Curettage can cause moderate injury, and coagulation may lead to more severe injury.

Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of acupoint injection of bee venom on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats and explore the mechanism of bee venom therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis., Methods: Fifteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into bee venom treatment group (BV group), CIA model group, and control group. In the former two groups, CIA was induced by injections of collagen II+IFA (0.2 mL) via the tail vein, and in the control group, normal saline was injected instead. The rats in BV group received daily injection of 0.1 mL (3 mg/mL) bee venom for 7 consecutive days. All the rats were assessed for paw thickness and arthritis index from days 14 to 21, and the pain threshold was determined on day 21. The expressions of TRPV1 and TrkA in the dorsal root ganglion at the level of L4-6 were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, respectively., Results: The rats in CIA model group started to show paw swelling on day 10, and by day 14, all the rats in this group showed typical signs of CIA. In BV group, the rats receiving been venom therapy for 7 days showed a significantly smaller paw thickness and a low arthritis index than those in the model group. The pain threshold was the highest in the control group and the lowest in the model group. TRPV1-positive cells and TrkA expression in the dorsal root ganglion was significantly reduced in BV group as compared with that in the model group., Conclusion: s Injection of bee venom can decrease expression of TRPV1 and TrkA in the dorsal root ganglion to produce anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, suggesting the potential value of bee venom in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

The clinical therapeutic effect of acupoint catgut-embedding for simple obesity was systemically analyzed to provide reference and assistance for its clinical treatment and research. By searching in the CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Pubmed, Springer and Medline databases, clinical randomized controlled trials (RCT) of acupoint catgut-embedding for simple obesity published from Jan, 2009 to July, 2013 were collected while Revman 5. 2 software was applied to perform the Meta-analysis. Totally 19 articles were acquired with 1 658 cases involved. The effective rate was selected as primary outcome measure in 19 articles. The Meta-analysis was performed among homogeneous researches. The results indicated that compared with other therapies, pooled OR of acupoint catgut-embedding was 2.45 with 95% CI [1.81, 3.32]; in the test for overall effect, Z = 5.81, implying the efficacy difference of two therapies was significant in the treatment of simple obesity (P < 0.01). In subgroups analysis, in the event of treatment session with more than 3 months, compared with other therapies, pooled OR of acupoint catgut-embedding was 2.61 with 95% CI [1.53, 4.46]; in test for overall effect, Z = 3.51, implying the efficacy difference of two therapies was significant in the treatment of simple obesity (P < 0.01); in the event of treatment session with less than 3 months, compared with other therapies, pooled OR of acupoint catgut-embedding was 2.38 with 95% CI [1.65, 3.44]; in test for overall effect, Z = 4.46, implying in the treatment of simple obesity the efficacy difference of two therapies was significant (P < 0.01). Compared with electroacupuncture, OR of acupoint catgut-embedding was 1.79, 95% CI [1.08, 2.95] (P = 0.02). Compared with acupuncture, OR of acupoint catgut-embedding was 1.89, 95% CI [1.16, 3.09] (P = 0.01), which explained that compared with electroacupuncture and acupuncture, the efficacy of acupoint catgut-embedding was significantly different. In a word, the clinical efficacy of acupoint catgut-embedding is superior to other therapies in the treatment of simple obesity.

Objective: To explore the necessity of staged hypospadias surgery for adult men in order to improve the success rate of operation., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 52 cases of hypospadias treated in our department from January 2004 to January 2012. The patients were adult males at the mean age of 22 years and all had a history of urethroplasty, with curvature of the penis and scar tissues on the penile skin. We removed the scarred fibrous tissues on the ventral cavernosa and cut off the urethral plate following foreskin-degloving. For those still with penile curvature, we straightened the penis by plication of the dorsal tunica albuginea, with the length of the anterior urethral defect > 50% of that of the penis after penis-straightening. The patients were assigned to group 1 (n = 20) to receive stage-I foreskin vascular pedicle flap urethroplasty and group 2 (n = 32) to undergo foreskin-shaping at the ventral aspect of the penis following penile straightening to prepare the urethra plate for stage-II Duplay urethroplasty after 6-12 months., Results: The success rates of urethroplasty were 25 and 56.3% in groups 1 and 2, respectively, with the post-urethroplasty incidence rates of urinary fistula of 50 and 21.9%, urethral stricture of 15 and 9.4%, local wound infection of 30 and 25%, and urethral rupture of 20 and 12.5%. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of urinary fistula and the success rate of urethroplasty, but not in urethral stricture, local wound infection and urethral rupture., Conclusion: For adult hypospadias patients with a history of urethroplasty, especially those with obvious penile curvature, long urethral defect and insufficient foreskin, staged hypospadias surgery is preferable, which can dramatically increase the success rate of second-stage urethroplasty.

Objective: To compare the differences in the efficacy on agitated depression among the alliance therapy of acupuncture and seroxat, the alliance therapy of electroacupuncture and seroxat and the simple application of seroxat., Methods: One hundred and two cases were randomized into a medication group, a conventional acupuncture + medication group and an electroacupuncture + medication group, 34 cases in each one. In the medication group, seroxat was prescribed for oral administration, once per day. In the conventional acupuncture + medication group, seroxat was applied in combination with the conventional acupuncture therapy, in which, Baihui (GV 20) and Yintang (EX-HN 3) were taken as the main acupoints. In the electroacupuncture + medication group, seroxat was applied in combination with electroacupuncture, in which, on the basic therapeutic program as the conventional acupuncture + medication group, the electric stimulation was attached to Baihui (GV 20) and Yintang (EX-HN 3). Acupuncture was applied once every two days, the treatment of 6 weeks made one session and one session treatment was required in the research. Before and after treatment, the clinical global impression (CGI) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) were adopted for the assessment in each group., Results: (1) CGI comparison: the severity of illness (SI) after treatment was all alleviated significantly for the patients in three groups as compared with that before treatment (all P < 0.001), but the difference was not significant statistically among groups (P > 0.05). The global improvement (GI) was different significantly among three groups (P < 0.05), in which GI in the electroacupuncture + medication group was the best, that in the conventional acupuncture + medication group was taken second place. The total improvement rates were 100.0% (29/29), 96.9% (31/32) and 93.5% (29/31) separately. The difference in the efficacy index (EI) was not significant statistically among three groups (P > 0.05). Concerning to the adverse events, there were 1 case (mild insomnia) in the medication group, 1 case (moderate anorexia) in the conventional acupuncture + medication group and 2 cases (mild insomnia and dry mouth) in the electroacupuncture + medication group. (2) WHOQOL-BREF comparison: compared with those before treatment, all the indices in the electroacupuncture + medication group were increased significantly after treatment (all P < 0.01); except the indices in the physiological field, all the other indices were improved in the conventional acupuncture + medication group after treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05); the scores only in the physiological field and social field were higher significantly than those before treatment in the medication group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). After treatment, the statistically significant difference was displayed only in the psychological field among three groups (P < 0.05), in which, the improvement in the electroacupuncture + medication group was the best, that in the conventional acupuncture + medication group was taken second place and that in the medication group was the worst., Conclusion: Either the alliance therapy of acupuncture and medication or the simple oral administration of seroxat improves the overall efficacy and the quality of life in the patients with agitated depression. The efficacy of the alliance therapy of acupuncture and medication is superior to the simple oral administration of seroxat and the efficacy of electroacupuncture is superior to the conventional acupuncture therapy.

Objective: To observe and compare the influence of acupoint sticking therapy in dog days and in non-dog days to the quality of life of allergic rhinitis patients., Methods: Fifty-five cases were divided into group A (the acupoint sticking therapy in dog days group, 28 cases) and group B (the acupoint sticking therapy in non-dog day group, 27 cases) randomly. The acupoint sticking therapy description (Dazhui (GV 14), Fengmen (BL 12), Feishu (BL 13) etc. was used in both groups. Five times of acupoint sticking therapy were given to patients in group A during dog days in 2010, while another 5 times of acupoint sticking therapy were given to patients in group B before the dog days. The Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) was used to evaluate the effects before, after and half a year after treatment., Results: The scores of behavior problems, nasal symptoms and quality of life in RQLQ of both groups all decreased after treatment (all P < 0.01). The score of emotion reaction of group A in the follow-up period decreased compared with that before treatment (P < 0.05). The scores of non-nasal-or-ocular symptoms, ocular symptoms and emotion reaction after treatment and in the follow-up period all decreased than those before treatment (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The decreasing degrees of scores of non-nasal-or-ocular symptoms, ocular symptoms, emotion reaction and quality of life after treatment and in the follow-up period in group A were all greater than those in group B (P < 0.01, P < 0.05)., Conclusion: In the same season, both acupoint sticking therapy in dog days and in non-dog dags can improve the symptoms of allergic rhinitis, but the improving degree to quality of life in the method of acupoint sticking in dog days is greater.

Objective: To evaluate clinical application of transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate (PKEP) to the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)., Methods: A total of 90 BPH patients, aged 59-83 (mean 71) years and with indication of surgery, underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (the TURP group, n=50) and transurethral plasmakinetic enucleation of the prostate (the PKEP group, n=40), respectively. We recorded and analyzed the preoperative prostate volume, IPSS, QOL and Qmax, operation time, intra- and post-operative bleeding and complications, postoperative continuous bladder irrigation, and IPSS, QOL and Qmax at 2 weeks and 6 months after surgery., Results: The preoperative prostate volume and operation time were 58.9 g and 58.8 min in the TURP group versus 58.3 g and 93.0 min in the PKEP group. Mild transurethral resection syndrome (TURS) appeared in 2 TURP receivers, while no abnormality was found in electrocardiogram monitoring in those undergoing PKEP. Continuous bladder irrigation was necessitated in 3 and urgent incontinence of urine occurred in 4 cases of TURP, as compared with 1 and 4 cases in the PKEP group. None of the 90 patients needed blood transfusion. At 2 weeks before and after surgery and 6 months postoperatively, IPSS averaged 19.7, 11.6 and 5.1, QOL 4.6, 3.3 and 1.1, and Qmax 6.3, 13.0 and 18.1 ml/s in the TURP group versus 18.6, 8.4 and 4.9 (IPSS), 4.5, 2.7 and 1.1 (QOL) and 6.9, 14.2 and 19.0 ml/s (Qmax) in the PKEP group. There were significant differences in operation time, IPSS and QOL at 2 weeks postoperatively between the two groups, as well as in IPSS, QOL and Qmax at 6 months before and after surgery (P < 0.01). But no remarkable differences were found in preoperative prostate volume, IPSS, QOL and Qmax, 6-month postoperative IPSS and QOL, and Qmax at 2 weeks and 6 months after surgery between the two groups (P > 0.01)., Conclusion: Transurethral PKEP is a safe, effective and thorough surgical method to be chosen for the treatment of BPH.

Objective: To probe the mechanism of electro-scalp acupuncture in treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) by single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT)., Methods: Five cases of PD received electro-scalp acupuncture at Dingnie Qianxiexian (MS 6), Epangxian III (MS 4), Dingpangxian I (MS 8), Dingpangxian II (MS 9) and Zhenxia Pangxian (MS 14). Contralateral points were selected for pathologic change on one side and bilateral points were selected for pathologic lesion on both sides. All the patients received 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT examination before and after acupuncture treatment of 6 weeks. And activities of dopamine transporter (DAT) were analyzed by the ratio of striatum/occipital lobe (ST/OC), which was evaluated by means of technique of regional of interesting (ROI)., Results: The ratio of ST/OC on the same side of the affected extremity before and after treatment were 1.19 +/- 0.15 and 1.24 +/- 0.31 respectively. And on the other side were 0.90 +/- 0.12 and 0.95 +/- 0.25 respectively. They were increased after treatment (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Electro-scalp acupuncture can decrease the loss of DAT and improve the activities of DAT in the striatum of the patient of PD.

Objective: To observe the effect of needling at Baihui(DU20), Shuigou(DU26) and Shenmen(HT7) on glucose metabolism in different regions of the brain in vascular dementia patients., Methods: Ten patients with vascular dementia were randomized into 2 groups, and the patients in the control group received the treatment with needling in the routine acupoints for hemiplegia (chosen from 6 Yang meridians of the hand and foot), while those in treatment group received needling at 3 additional acupoints, namely Baihui(DU20), Shuigou(DU26) and Shenmen(HT7), which were specific for dementia treatment. All the patients were examined by positron-emission tomography(PET) to detect the glucose metabolism in different brain regions before and after acupuncture treatment by means of semiquantitative analysis of the average values of radioactive count in the brain regions., Results: Needling at the additional 3 acupoints could obviously enhance glucose metabolism in the bilateral frontal lobes, bilateral thalamus, temporal lobe and lentiform nucleus on the uncompromised side., Conclusion: The effect of needling at Baihui(DU20), Shuigou(DU26) and Shenmen(HT7) on vascular dementia is closely related to improved cerebral glucose metabolism.

Background & Objective: The incidence and discovery rate of prostate cancer is increased in recent years; with advanced age and multiple organs dysfunction, the advanced prostate cancer patients have poor quality of life. This study was to explore suitable treatment for these patients., Methods: A total of 80 advanced prostate cancer patients with bladder outlet obstruction were treated by transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate (TVP), plus castration and antiandrogen therapy. Preoperative individualized preparation was performed for each patient. International prostatic symptom score (IPSS), maximum flow rate of urine (Q(max)), prostatic-special antigen (PSA), and ultrasonography were measured before and 3 months after operation., Results: TVP were successful in all cases. Postoperative IPSS was significantly lower than preoperative IPSS in patients with or without urine retention (13+/-3 vs. 31+/-2, 11+/-3 vs. 31+/-2, P<0.01); postoperative Q(max) was significantly higher than preoperative Q(max) in patients with or without urine retention [(19.0+/-3.3) ml/s vs. 0, (19.4+/-2.7) ml/s vs. (8.9+/-3.4) ml/s, P<0.01]. Postoperative PSA was significantly lower than preoperative PSA [(80.4+/-133.4) mg/L vs. (0.1+/-0.4) mg/L, P<0.05]. The volume of prostate was obviously reduced., Conclusion: TVP plus castration and endocrine therapy is a safe and effective treatment for advanced prostate cancer patients with bladder outlet obstruction.

Objective: To assess the influence of radio frequency (RF) burn on the ultrastructure of rabbits cornea, sclera, lens and retina., Methods: The cornea and sclera of 24 adult New Zealand rabbits were burned by RF (power 15 W) for 10 seconds. The specimens of cornea, sclera, lens and retina were collected and examined under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at 2 hours, 24 hours, 3 days and 14 days after burning., Results: The TEM showed corneal epithelial cells nuclear chromatin pyknosis, stromal partial colloid fibers rupture, endothelial cells mitochondria turgescence and vacuolization; scleral fibroblastic nuclear chromatin pyknosis, rough endoplasmic reticulum distention, mitochondria turgescence; lens normal; retinal pigment epithelial cells mitochondria turgescence, photoreceptor cells outer segment disarrangement, inner segment mitochondria turgescence, and outer nuclear layer cells' nuclear chromatin pyknosis, 2 hours after burning. Corneal epithelial cells structure was fairly clear, some mitochondria of endothelial cells were turgescent, scleral fibroblastic mitochondria were slightly turgescent, and retinal structure was almost normal, 3 days after burning. There were no significant changes of cornea, sclera and retina in ultrustructure when the burnt groups were compared with the control group, 14 days after burning., Conclusion: These findings suggest that RF can cause direct lesion of cornea, sclera and indirect lesion of retina by burning cornea and selera, but the ultrastructural changes will almost recover 14 days after RF burning.