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In recent years, many studies have shown that extreme climate events occur more frequently. The extreme climate led to frequent drought and inundation events, which affected the growth of both exotic and native plants. In order to discuss the strategies of exotic and native plants in adapting to temporal heterogeneity in water conditions by investigating their responses to the sequence of drought and inundation events, four native and four exotic perennial herbaceous species in western Montana, USA were used as study objects. All plants were treated with moderate water (CK), initial inundation before drought (I-D) and initial drought before inundation (D-I) conditions, and variations in a series of morphological and biomass traits were measured. The results were as follows: (1) Compared with CK, both D-I and I-D treatments significantly reduced the total biomass of exotic species (P

Shrub species Caragana korshinskii Kom. dominates slope protection and soil and water conservation in the loess area of the northeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. However, the root anchoring mechanism and the effects of soil consolidation and slope protection of this shrub species remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the anchoring mechanism of roots of the C. korshinskii roots and establish a calculation model to evaluate their contribution to the stability of shallow loess slopes. C. korshinskii plants with an 11-year growth period were selected as the study subject. The anchoring force of C. korshinskii roots was determined through in-situ excavation tests, in-situ root pullout tests, and theoretical analysis, along with their impact on the stability of shallow loess soil slopes. The results showed that, due to the absence of a “bolt head” structure on the root surface, it was reasonable to consider the anchoring force provided by the roots as the minimum value between the maximum pullout resistance of the roots below the sliding surface and the anchoring reaction force of the roots above the sliding surface, based on the geometric characteristics of the sliding surface. When the roots of an 11-year-old C. korshinskii roots were anchored on different sliding blocks of a shallow landslide with a maximum thickness of 2 meters, the stability coefficient of the potential sliding surface increased by 0.020% to 0.408%. When the roots of a single plant were anchored in the middle and upper parts of the potential sliding surface, the stability coefficient of the potential sliding surface was relatively higher than when the plant roots were anchored at the top and bottom positions. Moreover, when four C. korshinskii roots were anchored to the shallow landslide with a row spacing of two sliding blocks (approximately 3 m), the stability coefficient of the potential sliding surface increased by 1.035% to 1.111%, which was significantly higher than when a single C. korshinskii root was anchored (P

Utilizing a sausage model and principal component analysis (PCA), a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum that significantly improved the flavor substance of sausage was selected. It was added to the sausage, and the pH, Aw, color, peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), and volatile flavor substances of Sichuan sausage production were measured at 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 d, using the uninoculated group as control. A partial least squares discriminant analysis model (PLS-DA) was applied to evaluate the characteristic flavor substances in sausages with VIP (variable important in projection) > 1 and P < 0.05 as screening conditions. Results showed that, the pH of control and Lactobacillus plantarum-fermented sausages declined and then gradually rose with fermentation time. The Aw reduced dramatically, the POV and TBARS increased significantly, while there was no significant change in color (P>0.05). And the pH, Aw, POV and TBARS values were significantly lower in Lactobacillus plantarum inoculated sausages compared to the control group. In comparison to the control group, the sausages inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum had significantly higher concentrations of alcohols, ketones, and esters, as well as significantly enhanced the concentrations of characteristic flavor substances (isovaleric acid, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, phenylethylaldehyde and phenylethanol). In summary, Lactobacillus plantarum M-25 selected by the sausage model was effective in enhancing the quality and flavor characteristics of sausages.

[Objective] The effects of different factors on the shear strength index and shear strength of the root-soil interface were analyzed, in order to provide an understanding of the mechanism of shrub root soil fixation and slope protection in the loess region of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. [Methods] The dominant shrub (Caragana korshinskii) for this region was selected as the study object, and the effects of the dry density, moisture content, and salt content of soil, and of root diameter on the shear characteristics of the root-soil interface and their mechanisms were analyzed and discussed using the direct shear test (i. e., one factor was varied at a time) for root diameters of (2.20±1.00—32.00±1.80) mm and moisture contents, dry densities, and salt contents of the soil of 6.00%—22.00%, 1.20—1.60 g/cm3, and 0.59%—2.50% respectively. [Results] Root diameter had no significant effect on the shear strength indexes and shear strength of the root-soil interface (p>0.05) when other influencing factors were held constant. As soil moisture content increased from 6.00% to 22.00%, the root-soil interface cohesion initially increased and then decreased, reaching a maximum value of 6.74 kPa at a soil moisture content of 14.00%. The root-soil interface friction angle decreased linearly from 21.40° to 15.75°. The shear strength of the root-soil interface decreased linearly. As the soil dry density increased from 1.20 g/cm3 to 1.60 g/cm3, the cohesion of the root-soil interface increased exponentially from 5.70 kPa to 6.85 kPa, and the friction angle increased linearly from 20.67° to 21.67°. The shear strength of the root-soil interface increased linearly. As the soil salt content increased from 0.59% to 2.50%, the root-soil interface cohesion increased linearly from 6.71 kPa to 7.31 kPa, and the shear strength increased linearly. However, there was no significant change in the root-soil interface friction angle (p>0.05). The gray correlation analysis of these results showed that dry density had the greatest influence on the cohesion, the friction angle, and the shear strength of the root-soil interface. [Conclusion] The dry density, moisture content, and salt content of soil can all affect the shear characteristics of the root-soil interface, however, the degree of influence is different. The influence of rainfall infiltration on the shear characteristics of the root-soil interface should be fully considered when evaluating the protective effect of plant roots on the shallow soil of loess slopes.

In view of high water cut and low oil recovery caused by the unidirectional flow in linear pattern of horizontal wells for the carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East, this paper provides a novel approach to improve oil recovery by converting linear water injection to cyclic alternating water injection patterns including cyclic alternating water injection with apparent inverted seven-spot pattern or apparent five-spot pattern and cyclic differential alternating water injection. The main advantage of using this strategy is that the swept efficiency is improved by changing injection-production streamlines and displacement directions, which means displacement from two different direction for the same region during a complete cycle. This technology is effective in increasing the swept efficiency and tapping the remaining oil, thus resulting in higher oil recovery. Field application with three new patterns in a carbonate reservoir in the Middle East is successful. By optimizing injection and production parameters based on the cyclic alternating well pattern, the test well group had a maximum increase of daily oil production per well of 23.84 m3 and maximum water cut drop of 18%. By further optimizing the distance (keep a long distance) between the heels of injection and production wells, the waterflooding performance could be better with water cut decreasing and oil production increasing.

Objective To compare the efficacy of local anesthesia and general anesthesia of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN⁃DBS) for Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Forty PD patients who underwent bilateral STN ⁃ DBS from January 2015 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty⁃two patients underwent local anesthesia and 18 patients underwent general anesthesia. Pre⁃ and post⁃operative Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale⁃Ⅲ (UPDRS⁃Ⅲ), Hoehn⁃Yahr, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD)⁃17 and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA)⁃14 were used to assess the motor symptoms, daily living function, cognitive function, memory, anxiety and depression. Results The target deviation of the second electrode in general anesthesia group was lower than that in local anesthesia group [(0.98 ± 0.39) mm vs. (1.21 ± 0.35) mm; t = ⁃ 2.041, P = 0.048], the target deviation of the first electrode was not statistically significant [(0.96 ± 0.29) mm vs. (1.01 ± 0.35) mm; t = ⁃ 0.496, P = 0.623]. At 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery, the "on" and "off" UPDRS⁃Ⅲ scores (P = 0.001, for all) and Hoehn⁃Yahr (P = 0.001, for all) in the general anesthesia group and the local anesthesia group were all significantly decreased compared with baseline, ADL score significanly increased (P = 0.001, for all). There were no significant differences in "on" and "off" UPDRS⁃Ⅲ, Hoehn⁃Yahr, ADL, WAIS and WMS scores between 2 groups (P > 0.05, for all). One day after surgery, the HAMA⁃14 in the local anesthesia group was higher than baseline (P = 0.027), in the general anesthesia group, HAMD⁃17 (P = 0.008) and HAMA⁃14 (P = 0.001) scores were lower than 1 d before surgery. The HAMD⁃17 (P = 0.001, for all) and HAMA ⁃ 14 (P = 0.001, for all) of 2 groups at 6, 12 and 24 months after surgery were all lower than baseline, 1 d before and 1 d after surgery. HAMD⁃17 score in the general anesthesia group was lower than the local anesthesia group (P = 0.048). Conclusions Both general anesthesia and local anesthesia STN⁃DBS can significantly improve PD motor symptoms and quality of life, as well as relieve the depression and anxiety symptoms, without affecting cognitive function and memory. Attention should be paid to mood fluctuations in using different anesthesia during the perioperative period. Choice of anesthesia method should be based on the patient's condition and indications. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.12.006

Background Nowadays, clinical practice shows that the number of patients with cerebral infarction increases year by year in young and middle-aged adults with unclear causes. This paper aims to investigate the correlation between the level of serum uric acid (UA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and the degree of carotid atherosclerosis by detecting the level of UA, hsCRP and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in young and middle⁃aged patients with lacunar infarct. Methods By using Holland Philips HT-11 color Doppler ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus with linear type probe and 7.50 MHz frequency, IMT of end-diastolic distal and bifurcation of arteria carotis communis and proximal internal carotid artery were measured respectively on 186 patients with definitely diagnosed lacunar infarct. As a result, average values were taken as the IMT values. IMT < 1.00 mm was regarded as negative result and 1.00 mm ≤ IMT < 1.20 mm was thickening of carotid artery intima. Carotid artery plaque formation was regarded with echo structure existing in the lumen or abnormal blood flow deficits into the lumen, or local IMT ≥ 1.20 mm at vertical and horizontal scan. At the same time, the levels of UA and hsCRP were detected, and correlation analysis was made between them and IMT. Results The values of UA, hsCRP and IMT in the case group were higher than that in the control group (P = 0.000). The differences among the case subgroups including IMT thickening group, plaque formation group and IMT normal group were statistically significant (P < 0.01, for all). There was linear correlation between the levels of UA, hsCRP and IMT (r = 0.923, P = 0.000; r = 0.955, P = 0.008). Conclusion UA and hsCRP involve in the formation of atherosclerosis plaque and play an important role in the first ⁃ onset lacunar infarct patients without hypertension and other risk factors.

The formation age and petrogenesis of tbe two-mica monzogranite drilled from HGD-1 well in Cannan area of central-nortbern Daxinganling Mountains are determined and tbe regional tectonic setting is revealed on the basis Of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb chronology and petrogeochemistry studies. The zircons in granite are subidiomorphic- idiomorphic, with obvious oscillatory growth zone. The dating results show that the two-mica monzogranite was formed at 161 Ma, which is the product of magmatic event in early Late Jurassic. Ceochemical analysis results indicate that the granite is characterized by high Si (SiO2 69.81%-74.3%), rich Al (Al2O3 13.5%-16.8%), and poor Fe (Fe2O3 0.26%-0.6%), belonging to quasi aluminous-weak peraluminous series in terms of chemical composition, with enriched LILEs (Rb, Ba and K) and HFSE (Hf), and depleted HFSEs (Nb, Ta and Ti), and relatively enriched LREEs and depleted HREEs, which is of I-type granite. The magma originates from the partial melting of newly thickened continental crust material. Hie study results reveal that the formation of the early Late Jurassic two-mica monzogranite is related to the continent-continent collision environment during the closure progress of Mongol-Okhotsk suture zone, and its formation age restricts the closing time of Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean to the early Late Jurassic in Gannan area of central-northern Daxinganling Mountains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is difficult to characterize hydrocarbon potential of the whole source rock layer with limited test samples due to the strong heterogeneity in organic matter abundance (TOC) of shale. Taking LLD2 well in Liaoxi Depression as the research object, the paper analyzes the main source rocks of Tieling Formation (Jxt) and Hongshuizhuang Formation (Jxh), and makes the grading evaluation as well as spatial distribution characteristics of source rocks with different abundance grades in terms of TOC through variable coefficient Δlog.fi on the basis of organic geochemical study and logging response characteristics of source rocks. The results show that the organic matter abundance of jxh is generally above 2%, significantly higher than that of Jxt, both dominated by the organic matter type II with a little I-type kerogen. The source rocks are in the over-mature stage of gas-generation peak period, probably serving as the main jixianian source rock layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sporopollen assemblage of Protohaploxypinus-Piceaepottenites Opimus-Alisporites Communis, collected for the first time in the Upper Permian Sizhanbanyan Formation from HFD1 well in northern Songliao Basin, is dominated by the pollen of gymnosperms, while pteridophytes are characterized by low spore content and poor species. Of the pollen contents of gymnosperms, non-striate bisaccate pollen is the highest, followed by striate bisaccate pollen, with less monosaccate pollen, which are comparable with the sporopollen assemblages of the Late Permian in Junggar and Tarim basins in Xinjiang and the Linxi Formation in Daxinganling Mountains, indicating the age is also Late Permian. As the lithologic characteristics of the strata with sporopollen assemblages are similar to those of Linxi Formation, the Linxi Formation of Daxinganling Mountains on the west of Songliao Basin can be introduced to replace the former Sizhanbanyan Formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are used to study the characteristics of biomarker compounds in the source rocks and analyze the organic matter source, sedimentary environment and thermal evolution degree of source rocks of Lower cretaceous Yixian Formation in XD1 well of Xiushui Basin. The results show that the source rocks have high organic matter abundance, with II-type organic matter, which are in the mature stage. The (C20+C21)/(C23+C24) tricyclic terpane ratio of 0.66-5.06 and C24 tetracyclic terpane/C26 tricyclic terpane ratio of 0.38-2.25 reflect the characteristics of typical lacustrine source rocks. The Pr/Ph ratio of 0.5-1.0 indicates the reduction environment. The gammacerane/C30 hopane ratio of 0.05-0.41 indicate the strong reducing sedimentary environment, with low water salinity and possible water salinity stratification during the deposition of source rocks. The relationship of Pr/nC17 and Ph/nC18 shows the organic matter is mainly II1 type, and the correlation of C27-C28-C29 steranes reflects that the organic matter is derived from a mixture of lower aquatic organisms and higher terrestrial plants. The Ts/Tm ratio of 0.45-1.82 and C31αβ22S/(22S+22R) ratio of 0.41-0.62 reveal that the source rocks are in the low mature-mature evolution stage, with the maturity of source rocks in the middle and lower parts of Yixian Formation higher than that in the upper part. It is concluded that the source rocks of Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in Xiushui Basin were formed in a reduction-strong reduction environment with low water salinity, the mixed source of organic matter is conducive to the enrichment of organic matter, and the Yixian Formation has good prospects for oil-gas exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The isotopic U-Pb chronology of intrusive rocks in HFD-3 well in northern Songliao Basin is analyzed to study the formation age and tectonic evolution and determine the timing of invaded strata. The results show that the weighted average of zircon 206Pb/238U age is 245.5±1.9 Ma, which reflects the crystallization age of intrusive rock is Early-Middle Triassic, indicating the development of Early-Middle Triassic magmatic thermal event in northern Songliao Basin. There are also two groups of zircon ages: 269-295 Ma and 313-353 Ma, with the weighted averages of 289.0±6 Ma and 338.0±3 Ma respectively, indicating the basement or deep part of northern Songliao Basin underwent at least once Carboniferous and Early-Middle Permian volcanic activity and magma emplacement event. The tectonic mechanism leading to the magmatic thermal event should be related to the collision and post-collision extension of Paleo-Asian Ocean. The crystallization emplacement age of dike constrains the upper limit of sedimentary age of strata; that means, the clastic formation was consolidated before 245.5±1.9 Ma. Combined with other geological evidence, it is proved that the clastic rocks belong to the Late Permian Linxi Formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The LFD-2 well was the first high-yield commercial oil flow well since the oil-gas exploration in Fuxin Basin, with a daily swabbing production of 15.3 m³. By analyzing the characteristics of Lower Cretaceous rock assemblages in the drill hole, combined with some of logging curves and reservoir depth, the paper identifies the rock assemblages of lower and upper members of Shahai Formation, Fuxin Formation and Sunjiawan Formation, as well as the characteristics of logging curves, and sets up a comprehensive stratigraphic column of borehole with successful oil-gas development experience within the depth of 1200 m in the basin, which will hopefully provide reference for future oil-gas exploration and development, and stratigraphic division-correlation in Fuxin Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper studies the development and organic geochemical characteristics of source rocks from Upper Permian Linxi Formation in JBD-2 well in central western slope of Songliao Basin. The results show that dark mudstone and slate are developed with the maximum thickness of 29 m for single layer and cumulative thickness of 138.42 m. With high organic abundance, TOC of 0.01%-2.10% (averagely 0.62%), the formation generally belongs to medium grade source rock. Applying the carbon isotope and element composition of kerogen for comprehensive analysis, it is inferred that the organic type is II-type kerogen dominated, with III-type kerogen partly. The analyses of vitrinite reflectance (Ro) and illite crystallinity indicate the thermal evolution of source rocks reaches the high mature-over mature stage, and the whole is in the diagenesis stage. It is concluded from comprehensive evaluation that the Upper Permian Linxi Formation has certain hydrocarbon generation potential, mainly gas, and certain prospect for shale gas resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The foundational geological survey for oil and gas in Songliao Basin and its periphery area aims at exploration of new areas, new strata, new types and new fields to support the century-long production of Daqing Oilfield. Investigations focus on the shale oil of continental facies, small-middle basins in surroundings and Carboniferous-Permian and Meso-Neoproterozoic formations. Significant progress has been achieved as follows: Industrial oil flow is obtained from parameter wells for matrix type of continental facies oil, revealing great potential resources of continental shale oil in Songliao Basin; The LFD2 well in Fuxin Basin yields industrial oil flow, which breaks through the difficulties of exploration in small-middle basins and will supply alternative resources for the resource-exhausted city; Achievement is made from foundational geological survey on deep formation and unconventional oil-gas in Carboniferous-Permian and Meso-Neoproterozoic strata. A comprehensive survey on the whole basin with all subjects for multiple resources is suggested to meet the new requirement and circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oil-gas shows found in several bore wells in Liaoxi Depression of Yanliao Rift Zone bring the Meso-Neoproterozoic marine strata in the area once again into the focus of oil-gas exploration and research. Both gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry are used to study the biomarkers of source rocks from Mesoproterozoic Gaoyuzhuang Formation in LLD1 well, and analyze the organic matter source, sedimentary environment, and hydrocarbon generation potential. Through comprehensive analysis, it is considered that Gaoyuzhuang Formation belongs to poor-medium grade source rocks, as organic type of Hi, generally in mature-high mature stage with mass generation and expulsion of hydrocarbon. The carbon number distribution of n-alkanes in saturated hydrocarbon is pre-unimodal. The main peak carbon is mostly nC17, with the advantage of C27 regular sterane, indicating that the parent material input is dominated by lower organism. Combined with the distribution characteristics of terpanes, it is inferred that the main organic source is low bacteria algae. Moreover, the high gammacerane content and low Pr/Ph ratio reflect the main source rocks of Gaoyuzhuang Formation were formed in salt water reduction environment, with certain layers possibly in strongly reduced environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present crude oil storage can be divided into three types: surface storage, underground salt cavern storage and groundwater-sealed cavern. However, it is difficult to popularize these three types of storage in China due to the actual situation. Through analysis of abandoned mines in Northeast China, combined with the engineering technical conditions of underground crude oil storage, the paper puts forward the conception of using abandoned mines to transform underground space for the construction of strategic crude oil storage. It is suggested that concerning department should carry out comprehensive investigation of underground space of abandoned mines in Northeast China, and start relevant test and research work such as sealing experiment of underground oil and gas storage as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the output load loss mechanism of the marbles screw loading device, a force transmission model was established emphatically on frictions and unbalanced loads. Based on the structure and motion characteristics of the device, the impact of frictions and unbalanced loads on the device output was analyzed with Coulomb friction law and Hertz contact theory. The force transmission efficiency formula was deduced from the quasi-static equation of the device. Meanwhile, the relevant parameters in formula were discussed. The results show that the friction at the ball groove seriously affects the force transmission performance, the optimum helix angle of the device is 19. 88°, and the matching size of the ball groove and the marble can be adjusted to improve the force transmission characteristics of the bullet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the veterinary study of Deng Shu-xuan and colleagues which examined the application of PCR assay in the detection of Salmonella enteritidis infections in ducks. It states that the assay was applied to several common pathogenic bacteria and Salmonellas of duck including S. choleraesuis, S. pullorum, and S. gallinarum. The results indicate that PCR assay provides a rapid and accurate method of identification in suspected cases and investigation of molecular epidemiology.

As a breakthrough of Fourier transform analysis, wavelet analysis is a hot point in many research field. Based on the development history of wavelet analysis, this paper introduced its application in modern communication and pointed out some future research direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the distribution, incidence, clinical characteristics, and in-hospital mortality risk factors associated with acute kidney injury （AKI） in hospitalized elders across various clinical departments. Method A retrospective analysis was conducted for medical records of elders aged ≥65 years admitted between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022. Collected clinical data included demographic profiles, comorbidities, medication usage and laboratory test results. AKI was defined based upon the dynamic baseline creatinine algorithm according to the guidelines of the Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes. Stacked bar charts were employed for displaying the distribution and incidence of AKI across different departments. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed for examining various risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Log-rank test were employed for comparing cumulative survival rates among elders of varying AKI stages. Results A total of 154,696 elder episodes fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 6,879（4.4%） developed AKI. Significant differences existed in the distribution and incidence of AKI across departments. The highest incidence was in Intensive Care Unit at 30.1%, followed by Cardiovascular Surgery at 24.3% and Trauma Surgery at 11.3%. The in-hospital mortality rate of AKI elders was 15.9% and it spiked with AKI severity. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher AKI stages （OR = 2.89, 95%CI: 2.15-3.88, P＜0.001）, pulmonary infection （OR = 2.01, 95%CI: 1.59-2.56, P＜0.001）, malignancy（OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 1.25-2.04, P＜0.001） and hypoalbuminemia （OR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.54-2.43, P＜0.001） were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Only 6.0% of AKI elders had an “AKI” diagnosis at discharge. Conclusion The incidence of AKI in elders rises with age. AKI elders often have underlying diseases and receive nephrotoxic medications, predominantly at clinical departments other than nephrology. Age, AKI stage, pulmonary infection, DM, malignancy and hypoalbuminemia are risk factors for in-hospital mortality in AKI elders. A large majority of AKIs are underdiagnosed during hospitalization, highlighting the need for heightened attention to AKI elders.

In order to enhance the corrosion resistance of the 17-4PH low-pressure last stage blades，the steam inlet side of the 17-4PH blades needs to be treated with laser-enhanced solid solution.The last stage blades treated with laser solution often show obvious magnetic marks in the subsequent magnetic particle inspection.Optical microscope，scanning electron microscope，X-ray diffractometer，electron probe and other analytical means were used to prove that the reason for the appearance of magnetic marks at the boundary of the laser solid solution region was a large number of austenite structures that appeared at the boundary，which reduced the permeability at the boundary of the laser solid solution region.Besides，the residual stress of laser solid solution blade was determined as compressive stress by XRD，and the three-point bending fatigue test showed that the R＝0.1 fatigue limit of 17-4PH blade could be increased from 750 MPa to 860 MPa by laser-enhanced solid solution.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Every year, millions of people around the world suffer from type 2 diabetics or become potential patients. Food-derived bioactive peptides not only provide essential nutritional benefits, but also are more easily absorbed by the body. Previous studies have shown that bioactive peptides can inhibit the activity of metabolic enzymes associated with type 2 diabetes, promote insulin secretion and improve insulin resistance, making them functional foods or drugs for effective management of this disease. In order to provide a reference for further research on food-derived bioactive peptides, this paper reviews the properties and sources of food-derived bioactive peptides and the state of the art in research on the regulatory mechanism of food-derived bioactive peptides on blood glucose levels, and it summarizes the studies on food-derived metabolic enzyme modulators. In order to provide a reference for the innovation of food-derived bioactive peptides.

In order to improve the protective effect of the surface coating of mechanical parts, combining with the unique design concept of medium entropy alloy,(TiAlSi)N coatings were deposited on surface of 316 L stainless steel by plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering(PEMS). The chemical composition, crystal structure, micro-morphology and surface roughness of coatings were analyzed using X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), X-ray diffractometer(XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM) and atomic force microscope(AFM). The bonding strength, hardness and elastic modulus of the coatings were tested with nano scratch/indentation instrument. EDS analysis results showed that(TiAlSi)N coating was a medium entropy ceramic coating.(TiAlSi)N coatings possessed an amorphous structure, a smooth and compact surface, and good mechanical properties. The bonding strength, hardness and elastic modulus were 25 N, 21 GPa and 225 GPa, respectively. These experimental results would provide a valuable data reference for further future research on this kind of coating systems.

contract-based family planning strategy is proposed. According to this strategy, when getting married, citizens are allowed by the form of contract to choose, as the precondition of terminating having children, to successfully give birth to one boy, one girl, or two children. The feasibility of this strategy is discussed mathematically by means of probability analysis and stochastic process analysis. And results show that not only does this strategy guarantee the citizens' basic right of choosing the gender or number of their children, but it also makes one couple averagely give birth to about 2 children. While the strategy in general makes the population stable, it would not cause ratio imbalance of male to female. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish a regression algorithm model that applies to bone age estimation of Xinjiang Uygur adolescents with machine learning methods such as histogram of oriented gradient （HOG）, local binary patterns （LBP）, support vector machine （SVM）, principal component analysis （PCA）. Methods DR images of knee-joints from 275 male and 225 female subjects aged 12.0-

Stroke is one of the serious threats to human health, with high incidence, morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that genes play an important role in the pathogenesis of stroke. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and heart disease are risk factors for stroke, and are associated with inheritance. Stroke susceptibility gene is one of the hotspots at home and abroad. This article reviews the progress of susceptibility genes in large artery atherosclerotic ischemic stroke. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2018.04.009

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic progressive obstructive cerebrovascular disease. At present, the etiology and pathogenesis of MMD are still not clear. Recently, many studies confirmed the genetic susceptibility of MMD and reported that the genetic factors are more important than acquired causes. We summarize the domestic and foreign studies on the genetics of MMD, and expect to provide a guidance for early diagnosis and precise treatment. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2017.12.012

Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a group of pathological process with various etiologies that involve small arteries, arterioles, venules and capillaries of the brain, which is closely related to ischemic stroke, cognitive disorders and affective disturbance. Since firstly reported in late 19th century, a number of cases have been found in decades, which attracts lots of attention and argument from different fields. With the development of neuroimaging and histocytology, we have better recognition on this disease, and set up the criteria of diagnosis and treatment step by step. This paper reviews the development history of cSVD, hoping readers could benefit from it. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2016.11.003

The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between land use and bacterioplankton communities at different spatial scales and the mechanisms underlying the effects of land use on bacterioplankton communities. Here, surface water samples were collected in 14 tributaries of the Yuanhe River in August 2019 (wet season) and January 2020 (dry season), and high-throughput sequencing technology was used to determine the characteristics of the bacterioplankton communities. Statistical methods such as Bioenv and variance partitioning analysis (VPA) were used to explore the relationships among landscape structure (i.e., landscape compositions and landscape configurations), water chemistry, and bacterioplankton communities. Furthermore, metacommunity theory was employed to explain the mechanisms by which land use and water chemistry affect bacterial communities. The results showed that:① in general, the effects of landscape configuration on bacterial communities were weak, whereas the effects of landscape composition on bacterial communities were significant and greater at the buffer scale than that at the sub-basin scale. ② There was no distinct distance-decay pattern for the effects of landscape composition on bacterial communities from the near-distance (100 m) to the long-distance (1000 m) buffer zones, with the maximal effects occurring in the 500 m circular buffer (wet season) and 300 m riparian buffer (dry season), respectively. ③ Land use influenced the bacterioplankton communities both directly through exogenous inputs (i.e., "mass effect" process) and indirectly by affecting water chemistry (i.e., "species sorting" process). VPA showed that the total explanation of bacterial community variations by water chemistry and the intersection of water chemistry and land use (13.5% in the wet season and 11.7% in the dry season) was higher than that of land use alone (2.7% in the wet season and 6.9% in the dry season). These results suggest that mass effects and species sorting jointly shaped bacterial community assembly but that the effects of species sorting outweighed those of mass effects. This study revealed the variability of landscape structure at different spatial scales on bacterial communities, and its results will help to determine the optimal spatial scale affecting bacterial communities and provide a reference basis for watershed land-use management.

Objective: To investigate the effect of cysteine protease inhibitor derived from Schistosoma japonicum (SjCystatin) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute ulcerative colitis in mice., Methods: Eighteen C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: a control group treated with PBS (Group A), a DSS-induced-colitis group treated with PBS (Group B), and a DSS-induced-colitis group treated with SjCystatin (Group C). Colitis was induced in mice by giving 3% DSS orally for 7 days. During this period, the mice were daily injected with 10 μg of SjCystatin or PBS only as a control intraperitoneally. The mice were monitored daily for their clinical manifestations and given scores based on disease activity index (DAI). The severity of colonic inflammation was monitored by the macroscopic score and pathological change. The cytokine profile including TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10 in the supernatants of colon homogenate was detected by ELISA., Results: Compared with Group A (0.50 ± 0.28), the DAI score increased significantly in Group B (9.30 ± 1.30) ( F = 86.86, P < 0.01), with remarkable pathological damages seen in colon tissues. and the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were (321.33±67.01) and (403.58 ±180.51) pg/mL. The DAI score significantly reduced in Group C (6.67±1.57) as compared to Group B ( F = 86.86, P < 0.01), with improvements in the macroscopic and microscopic pathology in mouse colon specimens. As compared to Group B, the levels of TNF-α [(188.14 ± 40.14) pg/mL] and IL-6 ([ 209.71 ± 48.47) pg/mL] significantly decreased ( F = 17.46 and 9.89, both P < 0.01)., Conclusions: SjCystatin has a significantly inhibitory effect for alleviating DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis in C57BL/6 mice.

Objective: To explore the difference of expression of proteins between the serum and hippocampus after brain injury in rats., Methods: Male SD rats were used to establish brain injury model. The changes of proteins expression profile in serum and hippocampus at different time after brain injury were analyzed using weak cationic exchanger (WCX2) chips and immobilized metal affinity capture arrays-Cu (IMAC-Cu) chips by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry., Results: A total of 436 protein peaks were detected in serum and 346 protein peaks were detected in hippocampus using WCX2 chips. A total of 229 protein peaks were detected in serum and 345 protein peaks were detected in hippocampus using IMAC-Cu chips. The same 10 protein peaks were respectively detected in serum and hippocampus using WCX2 chips. The same 13 protein peaks were respectively detected in serum and hippocampus using IMAC-Cu chips., Conclusion: The changes of protein expression profile in serum and hippocampus are obvious after closed brain injury and show a significant difference. The different proteins detected in serum and hippocampus using the same chip could be biochemical markers for determining brain injury.

Objective: To screen differentially expressed brain proteins with proteomic method in cerebral cortex of neonatal rats with congenital hypothyroidism., Method: From the 13th day of gestation, pregnant Wistar rats from the experimental group were given intragastrically with 2.5 ml of 1% propylthiouracil daily. Cerebral cortex specimens were collected from the control and hypothyroidism neonatal rats. Two-directional electrophoresis (2-DE) was applied to analyze protein expression diversities between the euthyroid and hypothyroidism neonatal rat cerebral cortex. Protein spots with significantly different expression were screened and identified by mass spectrometry. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to analyze serum FT(3), FT(4) levels of each groups., Result: The body weight of hypothyroid neonatal rats were lower than those in the corresponding control group (t = -8.07, P < 0.01). The FT(3) levels of hypothyroid neonatal rats were lower than those in the corresponding control group (t = 5.39, P < 0.01). The FT(4) levels of hypothyroid neonatal rats were lower than those in the corresponding control group (t = 7.62, P < 0.01). Stable 2-DE maps of normal and CH neonatal rat were constantly obtained. The maps were analyzed by software. Seven protein spots with high reproducibility, high resolution and significantly different expression were chosen and identified by mass spectrometry, including collapsing response mediator protein 2, actin related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-25K, ATP synthase subunit d, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, synuclein alpha, and nucleoside diphosphate kinase., Conclusion: The value of this research is demonstrated here by the identification of several proteins known to be associated with nerve synapse structures formation, cell survival, metabolism, cell signal transduction, neural differentiation and nerve growth in the central nervous system. Furthermore this study identified several proteins except for collapsing response mediator protein 2 and Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase that have not previously been described in the literature and which may play an important role as either sensitive biomarkers of brain dysfunction caused by congenital hypothyroidism. In congenital hypothyroidism, brain development retardation may be related with some important processes, including abnormal synaptic formation, excess ROS production and apoptosis. The above-mentioned proteins may play critical roles in the processes, which provide valuable clues to clarify the pathogenesis of brain developmental disorders induced by congenital hypothyroidism.

Objective: To explore the expression status of Vigilin (high density lipoprotein binding protein) in various cell lines and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues., Methods: The expression of Vigilin was measured semiquantitatively with western blot in hepatic cancer, cervical cancer and normal cell lines. The samples of 59 hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, 59 adjacent liver tissues and 33 distant non-tumor liver tissues were collected, Vigilin expression in the above samples was detected by immunohistochemistry., Results: Vigilin expressed in all cell lines, but no expression was found in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The expression levels of Vigilin in tumor cell lines were higher than those in normal cell lines (P < 0.05). Most of the hepatic cells expressed Vigilin, but the expression levels were different (tumor tissues: 0.2226 +/- 0.054, adjacent tissues: 0.2060 +/- 0.056, distant tissues: 0.1820 +/- 0.038, P < 0.001). Highly expression of Vigilin was observed in 54% of tumor tissues, 35% adjacement tissues, and 6% of distant non-tumor tissues, respectively., Conclusion: Vigilin may have relationship with HCC progression and proliferation.

Objective: To investigate the morphology alterations and proteomics changes in primary astrocytes following fluid percussion injury., Methods: Primary cultures of astrocytes were prepared from cerebral hemispheres of 1-3 d-old SD rats, then, astrocytes were randomly divided into control group and injury group which were subjected to (0.2 +/- 0.01) MPa fluid percussion injury. The changes of protein expression pattern in astrocytes between injury and control groups were monitored with two dimensional gel electrophoresis., Results: Astrocytes' s abnonmalities of morphology after injury were apparent. The fluid percussion injury caused astrocytes edema, shrinkage, cell junction disconnection and necrosis at 2 h after injury. 24 h and 48 h after injury, most part of astrocytes's dendrites and soma became hypertrophy and showed a higher rate of cell proliferation. The dynamic proteomics changes were identified and total different 13 spots were detected in this study from the 2DE gels. The different displayed 5 spots were identified via MALDI-TOF: cofilin 1, destrin, phosphoglycerate mutase 1, NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex 10, annexin 1., Conclusion: The obvious alteration of morphology and protein expression pattern in primary cultured astrocytes could be induced after fluid percussion injury. The differential proteins detected were probably related to stress responses.

Objective: To study the alteration in cortex protein fingerprinting of cerebral cortex after closed brain injury in rat., Methods: Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours postinjury groups. Eight rats in each group were used for WCX-2 protein chip research, and 4 rats in each group for pathological examination. Marmarou's weight-dropping model was reproduced, and brain cortex was harvested for study with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Bradford method was adopted for WCX-2 protein chip research, and protein chip reading was obtained for protein fingerprinting analysis., Results: (1) The pathological observation showed different degree of injury could be seen in all the injury groups. (2) The WCX-2 experiment found that 3 protein expressions had changed in cortex after brain injury compared with the sham operation group. The differential protein with molecular weight of 5,639 protein expression was found to be upregulated at 8 hours after injury (P<0.05). The 3,212 protein did not expressed in sham operation or 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours groups, but upregulated at 48 hours after injury (P<0.05). The expression of 7,536 protein was upregulated at 24 hours after injury (P<0.05), but not in sham operation or 4, 8, 12, and 48 hours groups., Conclusion: Alterations in protein expression in cerebral cortex could be induced after brain injury.

In order to guarantee that digital electrocardiographs with an adequate accuracy and reliabity are available for measurements in clinical practice, it is very important to determine the metrological characteristics, methods and to develop the equipments for verification. This paper elaborates the basic functions, specification, schematic drawing and key techniques of calibration equipments as well as test items for digital electrocardiographs.