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[Objective] This paper aims to investigate the characteristics of Primulina guizhongensis pollen and the influence of the breeding system on its sexual reproduction, to uncover its reproduction mechanism and providing theoretical references for the conservation and development of Primulina. [Methods] Using P . guizhongensis as the material, we observed the floral characteristics of P . guizhongensis, screened the pollen isolation medium and the best pollen viability detection method, explored optimal pollen storage conditions, as well as determined the type of its breeding system. [Results] (1) P . guizhongensis was dichogamy, with stamens ripening before pistils. It was herkogamy, with pistils higher than stamens. (2) The optimum medium for culture of the isolated pollen germination was 40 mg/mL boric acid + 10% sucrose + 7 g/L agar, for two hours. (3) Pollen maintained a high germination rate after 7 d of storage at both -20 ℃ and -80 ℃. (4) The stigmas of P . guizhongensis were most fertile at 2-4 d of flowering. (5) P/O was 518.36-782.75, and OCI was 5. (6) P . guizhongensis had a high self-fertilization affinity and was unable to undergo fusionless reproduction. [Conclusion] In vitro germination method is the most intuitive and accurate way to detect pollen viability. Low temperature is conducive to pollen storage of P . guizhongensis, and the breeding system is predominantly heterogametic.

Insufficient pollination is one of the direct causes of flower and fruit drop in goji berries. Aiming to determine the flowering characteristics, 'Ningqi 10' was taking as material to analyze flowering period, including flower color, stigma receptivity, pollen vitality, and nectar secretion at different stages. The study also analyzed the pollination characteristics of common pollinating insects, such as the duration of a single visit to flowers and the number of pollen deposition on the stigma. The results showed that during 12~24 h after flowering and the petal color changed to light purple and white purple, the stigma receptivity, pollen vitality, and nectar secretion were the highest, with significant differences (P<0.05) compared to other stages. The number of pollen deposition on the stigma of common pollinating insects after a single visit (moths>bees>non cushioned bees) showed significant differences compared to natural pollination. The average duration of bees visiting purple flowers was 4.1 s, and the difference was extremely significant (P<0.01) compared to the duration of bees visiting yellow flowers (average 1.7 s). The number of pollen deposition on the stigma of common pollinating insects after a single visit to flowers (moths>bees>non cushioned bees) showed significant differences compared to natural pollination. However, in terms of overall efficiency and the number of pollinating insect visits, it was recommended to introduce pollinating insects (such as bees) to enhance the assisted pollination of goji berries and improve the fruit setting and seed setting of 'Ningqi 10'. The research results provided scientific basis for the development of assisted pollination measures for goji berries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Prataculturae Sinica is the property of Acta Prataculturae Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni / Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Sun-Yat-Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The determination of the optimum pollination period was the key technology in the implementation of Popu.lus davidiana directive breeding project, which can guide the hybrid pollination of populus dafJidiana and improve the breeding efficiency. Choosing Populus dafJUiiana single plants selected from superior provenances as the research object, the stigma receptivity and optimal pollination period of Populus davidiana were studied by testing benzidine - ~ 02 method and morphological observations. At the same time, female flowering branches with different lengths and diameters were treated with different leaf buds and flower bud number to observe and analyze inflorescence length, 1 000 - grain weight and other indexes, to explore the influence of female flowering branches quality on flower bud development. The results showed that under a greenhouse condition, the stigma of the optimal receptivity stage of Populll.f davidiana was 3 d. The external morphological characteristics of the pistil stigma had a certain correlation with the receptive period. The optimal pollination period of Populus dafJUiiana was when the inflorescence was loose and elongated, the stigma could all protrude out of bud scales, the cracking angle was about 180° and the stigma was red and secreated a lot of crystal clear mucus, benzidine - ~ 02 staining appeared a lot of bubbles, and the stigma changed to deep blue. The morphological characteristics of stigma fully exposed, moist and secreting a lot of mucus could be used as a signal of the optimal pollination period of Populll.f davidiana, which could be used to guide the cross breeding and pollination of Populus davidiana. There was the best for flower bud and seed development that flower shoot retain 2 to 3 inflorescences and retain the only one pair leaf bud at the top with the bottom diameter was 2 cm and length was 2 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】 To reveal the effects of different exogenous hormones on the seed number and photosynthetic performance in common buckwheat.【Methods】 Varieties of “BZS” and“CT1” as experimental materials and treated with different concentrations(100,150,200 mg/L) of paclobutrazol(PP333) and 6-benzyl adenine(6-BA) at different time of seedling stage to study the effects of different treatments on pollen fertility,stigma receptivity,photosynthetic parameters,flowering number and the seed number of common buckwheat.【Results】 Compared with the control(water),PP333 treatment at 100 mg/L and 6-BA at 150 mg/L,the seed numbers reached maximum increased respectively 20.3% and 47.9%. The net photosynthetic rate and intercellular CO2 concentration during full booming stage were both increased when spraying PP333 and 6-BA compared with CK at different stage of common buckwheat. The transpiration rate was increased and stomatal conductivity was decreased when spraying PP333 compared with CK but the effect of spraying 6-BA was opposite to that of spraying PP333.【Conclusion】 In the second true leaf stage of common buckwheat,PP333 100 mg/L or 6-BA 150 mg/L treatments could improve pollen fertility,stigma receptivity,seed number per plant,and photosynthetic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guangxi is one of the distribution centers of Primulina of the world. There are many endemic species. For the purpose of introdution and cultivation, germplasm presrvation and hybridization breeding, this study focused on the flow, ering phenological period, flowering habit, ovary development, pollen activity and other flowering biological characteris, tics of eight Primulina species endemic to Guangxi, including Primulina linearifolia, P. ophiopogoide, P. spinulosa, P. macrorhiza, P. linearicalyx, P. leprosa, P. guizhongensis and P. baishouensis. The results were as follows: (1) There were significant differences between in the wild and the artifical conditions in the flowering period, single bud blooming amount and single flower opening duration of these eight endemic species in Guangxi. In artificial conditions, the amount of flowering per plant and the duration of flower blooming were better than those of wild plants. (2) The duration of single flowering period of different species was 3-14 d. The stamens stopped growth in bud stage. The maturities of pistils and stamens were inconsistent, the stamens matured earlier than the pistils. (3) The pollen vitality was increasing from half-open to fully,open stage, which could reach more than 90% in fully,open stage. (4) The stigma was most compatible in the fully-opend stage of the corolla. At corolla completely open stage, the stigma receptivity rised to the highest level. (5) Self pollination was sterile, cross pollination was fertile. The seed germination rate of crossing seeds was more than 80%. This study provides data to support the multiplication of rare species and germplasm resources preservation, and also provides solutions for hybridization breeding in Primulina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences is the property of Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】 The pollen viability and stigma receptivity of two walnut cultivars (J. sigillata cv. 'Yangbidapao' and J. sigillata x regia cv. 'Yunxingaoyuan') planted in Kunming were studied in this paper.【Method】 The period and conditions ( room temperature, cold-storage and frozen-storage) for keeping high pollen viability were detected by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining method. The stigma receptivity and optimal pollination period were evaluated by benzidine-H2〇2, peroxidase-esterase reagent and sudan IU staining method. 【Result】 The results showed that the pollen viability of Yunxingaoyuan was higher than that of Yangbidapao at the same storage condition. The cold-storage was conducive to keeping high pollen viability, and which of Yangbidapao and Yunxingaoyuan were decreased to 10.0 % and 18.3 % respectively after seven days.【Conclusion】 The peroxidase-esterase reagent method was the best way to monitor the stigma receptivity, and the best period of pollination was the stigma opening angle ranging from 45 to 120 degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study on floral syndrome and breeding system of Atractylodes japonica was carried out with the method of fixed-point observation, pollen-ovule ratio (P/ O), out-crossing index, bagging pollination, in order to provide the theoretical basis for its resource protection and artificial cultivation. The results showed that flowering period of populations was from late July to early September, the life span of individual inflorescence was 12-17 d, and the peak period of daily flowering for floret was at 7: 00 8: 00 a. m. Pollen vitality was the highest ( above 90%) within 2 h, while stigma was no receptivity and its receptivity was the highest after flowering 48-72 h. The P/ 0 ratio was 6 690, hybrid index was 5, breeding system was xenogamy, and the main floral visitors were bees and flies. There was no apomixes based on bagging and pollination studies, inbred and geitonogamous seed setting rate was low. So, the outcrossing was the major breeding system of A. japonica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is aimed to investigate the reproductive biology characteristics of Polygonatum cyrtonema, especially including phenology, flower bud differentiation, flowering timing, floral traits, pollen vigor and stigma receptivity. The results showed that P. cyrtonema forms inflorescence before the leaves spread. In the wild, P. cyrtonema is mainly pollinated by insects such as bumblebees, with a seed setting rate of 65.12%. The seed setting rate of indoor single plant isolation or self-pollination enclosed by parchment paper bag is 0, indicating that it is self-incompatible. In Lin'an city, seedlings begin to emerge from mid-March to early April(the temperature is higher than 7.5 ℃), buds begin to emerge from the end of March to mid-April, and then undergo the full bloom stage from mid-to-late April, and the final flowering stage from the end of April to mid-May. The whole flowering period lasts 36 to 45 days. There are obvious differences in the phenology of different provenances. The flowers come into bloom from the base to the top along the aboveground main axis, which usually contain 4-22 inflorescences with(2-) 4-10(-21) flowers per inflorescence. The flowering pe-riod for a single plant is 26-38 days. The single flower lasts about 20-25 days from budding to opening and withers 2 days after pollination, and then the ovary will gradually expand. If unpollinated, it will continue to bloom for 3-5 days and then wither. Flower development period is significantly related to pollen vigor and stigma remittance. The pollen viability is the highest when the flower is fully opened with anthers gathering on the stigma, and the receptivity is the strongest when the stigma protrudes out of the perianth and secretes mucus. The fruits and seeds ripen in October, and proper shading can ensure the smooth development and maturity of the seeds. This study provides a basis for the hybrid breeding and seed production of P. cyrtonema.