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Let RC4S (v, λ) denote a resolvable 4-cycle system of order v, with index λ. Any RC4S (v, λ) can be embedded in an RC4S (u, λ) if and only if u≡v≡0(mod 4), λ≡0(mod 2) and u≥2v,. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heracles Ⅱ rapid electronic odor analyzer has been gradually applied in the study on the "odor" of Chinese medicine because of its ability to associate volatile substances in the sample with "odor", but its applicability is not clear. In this article, processed ginger products--dried ginger, roasted ginger, and carbonized ginger were chosen as examples to study the volatile chemical components, and the applied scope and accuracy of Heracles Ⅱ rapid electronic odor analyzer were verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Components in ten batches of ginger from different producing places were detected by GC-MS and Heracles Ⅱ rapid electronic odor analyzer. Principal component analysis(PCA) and discriminant factor analysis(DFA) were performed to investigate the effects of producing place and processing degree on dried ginger, roasted ginger, and carbonized ginger. The results showed that the processing degree had significant impact on the processed ginger products, while producing place was not significant to the processed ginger products. At the same time, 42 and 45 compounds were detected by Heracles Ⅱ rapid electronic odor analyzer and GC-MS, respectively, of which 29 compounds were common detected, with a coincidence rate of 64.4%. This result indicated that compared with GC-MS, Heracles Ⅱ rapid electronic odor analyzer had certain referential value in the qualitative analysis. Heracles Ⅱ rapid electronic odor analyzer, with the characteristics of convenience, high efficiency, and accuracy in processing data, has certain advantages in the "odor" research aiming to comprehensively evaluate volatile substances, and has a good application prospect in the quality control of Chinese medicine and its processed products.

The onset of tight connection between embryo and uterine endometrium terms "embryo implantation", the beginning and a key step of mammalian pregnancy. Defective implantation leads to failure of pregnancy and infertility. In recent years, along with the technological advance, researches on embryo implantation have achieved great advances. This paper reviews the key research achievements that have been reached in the last decade in the field of embryo implantation, focusing on the changes, roles, and underlying mechanisms of both luminal and glandular epithelia during implantation process, as well as their interactions with embryo trophoblast cells and endometrial stromal cells.

Objective: To study the renal protective effect of Paecilomyces hepiali Cs-4 (Abbr. to Cs-4) on rats with adriamycin-induced nephropathy (AIN)., Methods: Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (A), the model group (B), the Benazepril group (C), and the Cs-4 group (D). AIN rat model was established by left unilateral nephrectomy and repeated caudal vein injection of adriamycin. Gastric perfusion of Cs-4 [500 mg/( kg x d)] and Benazepril [4 mg/( kg x d)] was given respectively to the groups D and C, starting from 1 week after modeling. Blood biochemical indices including blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatine (Scr) and 24-hour urinary protein excretion (24 h-UP) were assessed 4 and 8 weeks after medication. Rats were sacrificed at the end of 8-week medication, their renal tissue was get for pathological examination with electric microscopy, the expressions of fibronection (FN), collagen IV (COL-IV ) and osteopont (OPN) in renal tissue were assessed by immunohistochemistry., Results: Levels of 24h-UP, BUN, Scr, mesengial matrix percentage, as well OPN, FN, COL-IV were significantly lower in group D than in group B (P < 0.05); and the fat metabolic disorder was improved in group D (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Cs-4 displays its renal protective action in rats with AIN through reducing the urinary protein excretion, correcting lipid metabolic disturbance, inhibiting the over accumulation of extracellular matrix, improving the pathological damage of kidney, thus restoring the renal function.