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Background With the increasing of older adults with disability, it is urgent to understand the disability status of older adults in different settings and to improve the long-term care service model from professional institutions to communities and families. Objective To investigate the disability status of older adults in different settings (hospitals, nursing facilities, and communities) , compare and analyze the differences in the disability status of the elderly in different settings. Methods The multi-stage sampling method was used in this study from January 2022 to January 2023. At the first stage, one or two provinces were conveniently selected in East China, South China, Central China, North China, and Southwest China; at the second stage, 3 tertiary hospitals, 2 secondary hospitals, 2 community health centers, and 1 nursing facility were conveniently selected as the study sites in each province. Older adults in 27 tertiary hospitals, 18 secondary hospitals, 18 community health service centers, and 9 nursing facilities in 9 provinces and cities (Beijing, Hunan, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Fujian, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Guizhou, Hainan, and Sichuan) were finally included as study subjects. Barthel Index (BI) was used to evaluate basic activity of daily living (BADL) . Lawton-Brody Instrumental Activity of Daily Living scale was used to evaluate instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) . The Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association of settings with BADL disability degree, IADL disability degree and functional disability in different aspects for older adults. Results A total of 27 344 questionnaires were collected and 23 922 were valid, with a valid recovery rate of 87.5%. There were 10 318 cases (43.1%) disabled in BADL, and the top three disabled BADL functions were bed-chair transfers, ascend and descend stairs, mobility on level surfaces. The incidence of BADL disability in various places was 29.0% in communities, 74.9% in elderly care institutions, 54.0% in secondary hospitals, and 44.6% in tertiary hospitals. Besides, 19 200 (80.3%) cases were disabled in IADL and the top three disabled IADL functions were mode of transportation, housekeeping and shopping. The incidence of IADL disability in various places was 74.6% in communities, 96.4% in elderly care institutions, 83.6% in secondary hospitals, and 81.1% in tertiary hospitals. Different settings were the influencing factor for the disability degree and functional disability types (P

Objective: In order to improve the accuracy and operating efficiency of the egg crack detection method based on computer vision. Methods: Used poultry egg simulation impact equipment to obtain cracked eggs, and collected images of cracked eggs and intact eggs from different angles through egg dynamic image acquisition equipment. Then, the YOLO-v5, ResNet and SuffleNet models for cracked egg image recognition were established for the original and the preprocessed egg images, respectively. After that, the recognition accuracy and the adaptability for original egg images recognition of different models were compared. Results: The YOLO-v5, ResNet and SuffleNet models could effectively identify the preprocessed cracked egg images, and the accuracy rates of verification set were 98.8%, 97.8% and 99.4% respectively. For original eggs images, the ResNet model had a low recognition accuracy, while the SuffleNet model had the highest recognition accuracy, which was up to 99%. Conclusion: Among the convolutional neural network models, SuffleNet model is most suitable for cracked egg image recognition, and the egg image preprocess is not necessary. This study provides a reference for the further improvement of crack egg detection methods based on computer vision.

Aiming at the problems existing in the current mechanisms of delay guarantee in wireless networks(i.e. poor scalability, coarse granularity for provided service levels, and improving delay performance at the expense of sacrificing some resource utilization), this paper puts forward both the idea of particle access and the corresponding access mechanism. In this paper, a traffic flow is modeled as a group of information particles that carry a certain amount of information and are valid for certain periods of time. Firstly, the definitions of information particles and the group of information particles are given. It is proved that the minimum reachable access bandwidth of an information particle group can be achieved by using the EDF(earliest deadline first) transmission strategy. Moreover, a fine-grained mechanism of delay guarantee based on the idea of particle access is proposed for the dynamic access environment in wireless networks. Extensive simulations are carried out for the application scenario of downlink transmissions, and it is shown that, in the case of heavy traffic loads, comparing with the rapid growth of the average packet delays and the packet loss rates in a legacy access mechanism, the proposed fine-grained access strategy based on the idea of particle access can also achieve the better performance on the average packet delays and the packet loss rates, and hence higher effective throughput is obtained. The research in this paper pave a new way for further improving quality of service (QoS) mechanisms of wireless networks.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of calcium net protein (CRT) and CD47 in gastric cancer tissues and its relationship with clinical parameters, to explore the significance of CRT and CD47 in gastric cancer tissues. Methods We collected the pathological specimens and clinical data of 50 patients undergoing radical gastrectomy in our hospital. At the same time, the corresponding normal tissues were collected as control group. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of CRT and CD47. We analyzed the difference of CRT and CD47 expression between gastric cancer and paracancerous tissues and their relationship with age, sex, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, tumor differentiation and tumor invasion depth (T stage). Kaplan-Meier curve was used to analyze the 3-year overall survival rate after radical resection of gastric cancer. Results The expression rates of CRT and CD47 in gastric cancer tissues were 68.0% and 56.0% respectively, significantly higher than those in adjacent normal tissues. The expression levels of CRT and CD47 were related to the differentiation degree, lymph node metastasis and tumor invasion. The survival time of high CRT and CD47 expression group was shorter than that in low expression group (P < 0.05). Conclusion CRT and CD47 are potential markers of gastric cancer, which may provide potential targets for the early diagnosis and immunotherapy of gastric cancer.

In order to guide the design,type selection and operation of variable speed permanent magnetic coupler for mine,finite element method is used to simulate electromagnetic field of the coupler. The influence of three key factors air-gap thickness,conductor plate conductivity and conductor plate thickness on three important performance indexes the maximum transmission torque,the maximum adjustable speed and the power loss were analysed. then the analysis results were applied to load matching.The analysis results obtained the correlation between three factors and three performance indexes. For constant torque,permanent magnet coupling has a maximum speed range of 13%; but it has no energy-saving effect,and for quadratic law load,it could reduce 13% of flow and has up to 34% energy savings.

In view of problems of long time consumption and electric leakage of traditional charging modes for mine-used electric locomotive, a wireless charging system for mine-used electric locomotive based on loose coupling transformer was proposed. Effects of iron core matching deviation on loose coupling transformer efficiency were simulated by use of finite element software ANSYS Maxwell, and simulation results were verified through experiments. The simulation and experimental results show that transformer efficiency increases with decrease of air gap, and changes little within 50 mm of transverse displacement deviation and 40 mm of longitudinal displacement deviation.

In view of problems of expensive and inconvenient to wear of existing active anti-noise earmuffs, an active anti-noise earmuff in heavy noise environment was designed. The earmuff takes TMS320VC5509 as processor, and adopts adaptive noise cancellation method and the normalized least mean square algorithm to enhance adaptive noise cancellation performance. Combined with passive noise reduction technology, the earmuff realizes purpose of noise cancellation in heavy noise environment. The experimental results show that anti-noise performance of the earmuffs is up to 30 dB.

A multi-joint wire driven continuum robot was designed. The continuum robots had four bending degrees of freedom and one feeding degree of freedom. The kinematics model of the continuum robot was established, and the workspace was analyzed by MATLAB. Three master-slave mapping algorithms were designed for Geomagic Touch to realize the master-slave heterogeneous teleoperation control of continuous robots. The correctness of the master-slave control algorithm was verified by experiments, and the good bending ability of the continuum robots was shown. The experimental results show that the continuum robots have certain control accuracy and good following ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

针对电气化铁路牵引网电能质量分析问题, 对电气化铁路牵引网电磁暂态过程进行了仿真建模研究, 推导了包括基于贝杰龙 模型的牵引网导线模型、基于受控源原理的牵引变压器和自耦变压器模型在内的牵引网主要电气元件的独立电磁暂态模型, 提出 了"以牵引网导线为系统主体, 其他电气元件描述为网络上的串联元件和并联元件"的牵引网全网电磁暂态模型建立方法。编写了 电气化铁路电磁暂态仿真计算软件, 通过实例比对测试了该软件计算结果和PSCAD仿真结果。研究结果表明, 该建模方法多种工 况计算结果与PSCAD仿真结果吻合, 具有建立整网模型便捷􀀀调节仿真参数方便及支持二次开发等特点, 对电气化铁路牵引网建 模仿真和电能质量问题研究具有重要价值. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the testing requirement of an airborne weapon system and the dissatisfactory of the present testing methods and devices in the field of flight-testing, the technique of module interface is adopted to implement the hardware and software design of the signal generator of an airborne weapon system based on HT-LX800 AMD. Problems such as various signals and the difficulty of revivification in laboratory are solved successfully. The required test items of weapon data acquisition are experimented and the self test succeeds. The signal generator has been put into practice. The practice indicates that the signal generator can satisfy the self testing requirements of the test system for weapon signals, and it has the characteristics of high accuracy, reliable performance and easy extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, China's bond market has achieved rapid development. At the same time, with the robust increase of bond offering, especially the growing offering of bonds without credit guarantee, the credit rating of corporate bonds changes at times and the downgrading of some corporate bonds did result in certain negative disturbance in the financial market. For this reason, more and more investors' and supervisors' attention has been focused on the credit risk of corporate bonds and the transitions of credit rating. How to predict the migration of credit rating is a central concern of investors and supervisors, and the most important point here is to find out the key indicators for such prediction. Current financial information may indicate the creditworthiness of an on-going firm because of its significant influence on the future performance of a firm. Current literature mainly focuses on foreign bond markets but in China, little discussion can be found in this aspect, not to mention systematic research. There are many differences between foreign bond markets and domestic bond markets, so whether the existing research conclusions based on foreign bond markets can be applied to Chinese markets deserves deep exploration. This paper tries to make an exploratory study on the financial indicators of credit rating transitions of Chinese corporate bonds with fixed-income and find out the key variables. By building the multinomial logistic regression model, the determinants of credit rating transition for corporate bonds with fixed-income are studied, and the empirical results are shown as follows: (1) Just like the conclusions of previous foreign studies, the results indicate that the current financial information may indicate the creditworthiness of an on-going firm because of its significant influence on the future performance of a firm. In addition, it appears that a relatively small number of independent variables could do a creditable job of predicting credit rating, the accuracy of which is between 51. 2% to 64. 3%. (2) The changes of both profitability ratios and solvency ratios may have statistically significant effects on the transition of credit rating. What deserves special attention is that downgrading and upgrading are sensitive to different financial ratios, which may be caused by the fact that the corporate bonds showing credit rating transitions have the characteristics of centralized maturity, concentrated industry and different fundraising objectives. The changes of all the three solvency ratios in the negative direction may result in credit downgrading, among which the assets-liabilities ratio is the most important variable. On the other hand, among the three profitability ratios, only the reduction of main operation margins may lead to credit downgrading. By contrast, credit upgrading is mainly sensitive to profitability ratios. Enterprises with good profitability performance are more likely to achieve credit upgrading and firms with high ROTA and RONA will have a higher probability to achieve credit upgrading. (3) According to the empirical results of this study, the changes of operating capacity of the enterprise have statistically insignificant effects on credit rating transition. This result may be due to the limitation of data collection and there only one variable used to measure operating capacity. When more data is available, further analysis can be made. In sum, this paper has three main implications; (1) If issuer of corporate bonds wants to get a higher credit rating in the future, they should try to improve their profitability performance. (2) Portfoliorisk managers may consider reducing the investment proportion of one bond or eliminate it from their portfolio to reduce credit risk if they see significantly negative changing of solvency performance of this issuer. (3) Supervisors need to pay attention to the negative changing of solvency performance and the profitability ratio of an issuer in order to conduct effective supervision. However, with the challenge of data collection, both the sample and the financial indicators under analysis are limited. Whether the empirical results could be generalized deserves further test when sufficient research conditions can be accessed. Further research can also take macroeconomic indicators into consideration to present more meaningful conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the bactericidal efficacy of two different cold plasma (glow discharge and dielectric barrier discharge) treatments on root canal infected with Enterococcus faecolis biofilms in vitro. Methods One hundred and twenty teeth infected with Enterococcus faecoiis biofilm in the roots for seven days were divided into twelve groups randomly. Two served as negative control group (gas only, no discharge). Five were teeth treated by dielectric barrier discharge cold plasma and the other five were treated by glow discharge cold plasma. The treatment time in each five groups was 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mm, respectively. The disinfection of Enterococcus faecolis biofilm was evaluated by colony forming unit (CFU) counting. The plasma component produced by different devices was analyzed by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Results Comparing the two plasma treatments, the plasma produced by dielectric barrier discharge had better bactericidal effect than that produced by glow discharge at different treatment time (P<0.05). The advantage was obvious with the time getting longer. The OES indicated that active components of the two type plasmas were similar. But the peak of excited Ar atom of dielectric barrier discharge was twice as that of glow discharge. Conclusion The cold plasma produced by dielectric barrier discharge has more bactericidal efficiency in the treatment of root canal infected with Enterococcus faecolis biofilms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the integrated bio-control mechanism of Trichoderma harzianum and acquire some biocontrol associated novel genes, a Trichoderma harzianum mycelium cDNA library has been constructed and thereby randomly selected clones were sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. Full-length cDNA encoding Cu-Zn SOD was successfully cloned. The results indicated that the ORF of Cu-Zn SOD was 465 bp, 154 amino acids were encoded, and the deduced molecular weight was 15.7 ku. The gene was ligated to the vector of pET28 and thereby transformed to the E. coli BL21. After screening the correct recombinant E. coli pET28a-SOD/BL21 transformants, it was expressed by IPTG and the expressed products were analyzed with SDS-PAGE. The expression condition was optimized to obtain the maximum quantity of SOD. And then the protein activity was detected by SOD kit. The optimization condition for SOD expression was as follows: cultivating at 37 °C and initial induction at OD600 of 0. 6 with IPTG of 0. 125 mmol/L for 4 h. The protein activity was 26.69 U/mL The SOD gene was expressed successfully and the recombinant protein was obtained. This study provides the foundation for studying the molecular mechanism of Trichoderma harzianum in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Bupleuri Radix-Paeoniae Radix Alba medicated plasma on HepG2 hepatoma cells by regulating the microRNA-1297(miR-1297)/phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10(PTEN) signaling axis. Real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) was carried out to determine the mRNA levels of miR-1297 and PTEN in different hepatoma cell lines. The dual luciferase reporter assay was employed to verify the targeted interaction between miR-1297 and PTEN. The cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) was used to detect cell proliferation, and the optimal concentration and intervention time of the medicated plasma were determined. The cell invasion and migration were examined by Transwell assay and wound healing assay. Cell cycle distribution was detected by PI staining, and the apoptosis of cells was detected by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. The mRNA levels of miR-1297, PTEN, protein kinase B(Akt), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K) were determined by RT-qPCR. Western blot was employed to determine the protein levels of PTEN, Akt, p-Akt, caspase-3, caspase-9, B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), and Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax). The results showed that HepG2 cells were the best cell line for subsequent experiments. The dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-1297 could bind to the 3'-untranslated region(3'UTR) in the mRNA of PTEN. The medicated plasma inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells, and the optimal intervention concentration and time were 20% and 72 h. Compared with the blank plasma, the Bupleuri Radix-Paeoniae Radix Alba medicated plasma, miR-1297 inhibitor, miR-1297 inhibitor + medicated plasma all inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of HepG2 cells, increased the proportion of cells in the G&#95;0/G&#95;1 phase, decreased the proportion of cells in the S phase, and increased the apoptosis rate. The medicated plasma down-regulated the mRNA levels of miR-1297, PI3K, and Akt and up-regulated the mRNA level of PTEN. In addition, it up-regulated the protein levels of PTEN, Bax, caspase-3, and caspsae-9 and down-regulated the protein levels of p-Akt, p-PI3K, and Bcl-2. In conclusion, Bupleuri Radix-Paeoniae Radix Alba medicated plasma can inhibit the expression of miR-1297 in HepG2 hepatoma cells, promote the expression of PTEN, and negatively regulate PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation and inducing the apoptosis of HepG2 cells.

Magnetic ferrite nanoparticles (MFNPs) have great application potential in biomedical fields such as magnetic resonance imaging, targeted drugs, magnetothermal therapy and gene delivery. MFNPs can migrate under the action of a magnetic field and target specific cells or tissues. However, to apply MFNPs to organisms, further modifications on the surface of MFNPs are required. In this paper, the common modification methods of MFNPs are reviewed, their applications in medical fields such as bioimaging, medical detection, and biotherapy are summarized, and the future application directions of MFNPs are further prospected.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of lateral approach minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) and helical plate MIPO in the treatment of proximal humeral shaft fractures., Methods: The clinical data of patients with proximal humeral shaft fractures who underwent MIPO via lateral approach (group A, 25 cases) and MIPO with helical plate (group B, 30 cases) between December 2009 and April 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There was no significant difference in gender, age, injured side, cause of injury, American Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) fracture classification, and time from fracture to operation between the two groups ( P >0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fluoroscopy times, and complications were compared between two groups. The angular deformity and the fracture healing were evaluated according to anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films postoperatively. The modified University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score for shoulder and the Mayo Elbow Performance (MEP) score for elbow were analyzed at last follow-up., Results: The operation time in group A was significantly shorter than that in group B ( P <0.05). However, the intraoperative blood loss and fluoroscopy times presented no significant difference between the two groups ( P >0.05). All patients were followed up 12-90 months, with an average of 19.4 months. There was no significant difference in follow-up time between the two groups ( P >0.05). In terms of the quality of postoperative fracture reduction, there were 4 (16.0%) and 11 (36.7%) patients with angulation deformity in group A and group B, respectively, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of angulation deformity ( χ 2 =2.936， P =0.087). All fractures achieved bony union, there was no significant difference in fracture healing time between group A and group B ( P >0.05); delayed union occurred in 2 cases and 1 case in group A and group B, respectively (healing time was 30, 42, and 36 weeks after operation, respectively). In group A and group B, 1 patient had superficial infection of incision, respectively; 2 patients and 1 patient had subacromial impact after operation, respectively; and 3 patients in group A had symptoms of radial nerve paralysis of different degrees; all of them were cured after symptomatic treatment. The overall complication incidence of group A (32%) was significantly higher than that of group B (10%) ( χ 2 =4.125, P =0.042). At last follow-up, there was no significant difference in the modified UCLA score and MEPs score between the two groups ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: Both lateral approach MIPO and helical plate MIPO can achieve satisfied effectiveness in the treatment of proximal humeral shaft fractures. Lateral approach MIPO may be beneficial to shorten the operation time, while the overall complication incidence of helical plate MIPO is lower.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of antiretrovirals on cardiovascular function and some biochemical indexes in gestational female rats. Methods: Nineteen 9-week-old female and six 10-week-old male SD rats were divided into normal control group (CON) and highly active antiretroviral therapy group (HARRT), 9/10 female rats and 3 male rats were combined into one cage, totally 2 cages. Female rats in CON group were intragastrically given with normal saline (NS, 10 ml/kg) every morning and evening, while female rats in HARRT group were treated with equal volume antiretrovirals (AZT 31.25 mg/kg + 3TC 15.63 mg/kg + LPV/r (41.67/10.42) mg/kg) for 3 months. The body weight and survival rate of female rats were recorded. Echocardiography and multichannel physiological recorder were used to detect arterial blood pressure and cardiac hemodynamic parameters. The levels of blood glucose, blood lipids, myocardial enzymes and liver enzymes were detected by corresponding kits. Myocardial collagen fibers were observed by Masson staining and the ultrastructure of myocardial cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results: All female rats in CON group survived (9/9), while only 6 rats in HARRT group survived (6/10). Compared with CON group, the body weight of female rats in HAART group was decreased significantly( P ＜0.01); the levels of left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVDd), interventricular septal thickness (IVST), thickness of left ventricular posterior wall (LVPWT) , left atrial diameter (LAD) and arterial diastolic pressure were increased significantly ( P ＜0.05); the level of LVP+dP/dtmax was decreased ( P ＜0.01). The levels of triglyceride, creatine kinase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase were decreased ( P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01), while the level of glucose was increased ( P ＜0.05). The collagen fibers were increased in myocardial tissue, and ultrastructure of myocardial cells was abnormal. Conclusion: Antiretrovirals during gestation can cause cardiovascular diseases in female rats.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) preconditioning on expression of Caspase-1, Gasdermin D(GSDMD) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in myocardial tissue of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) rats in order to explore its underlying mechanisms in resisting MIRI., Methods: Forty male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control (normal), sham operation (sham), MIRI model and EA groups. The MIRI model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery for 30 min and perfusion. EA (2 Hz/100 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to bilateral "Neiguan" (PC6) for 20 min, once a day for 3 consecutive days. The echocardiography was used to analyze the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic dimension (LVESD) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF, by using Teichholz formula) 4 h after modeling. The myocardial TTC staining was used to observe the proportion of the infarct area, and Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of GSDMD, Caspase-1, IL-1β proteins in the myocardium., Results: Compared with the normal group, the immunoactivity of GSDMD was increased in the sham group ( P <0.05). Compared with the sham group, the LVEF was significantly decreased ( P <0.000 1), while the myocardial infarction area, immunoactivity of GSDMD, and the expression levels of Caspase-1, GSDMD and IL-1β proteins were considerably increased in the model group ( P <0.000 1, P <0.001). In comparison with the model group, the decreased ejection fraction and the increased myocardial infarction area, and Caspase-1, GSDMD and IL-1β expression were reversed in the EA group ( P <0.001, P <0.000 1, P <0.01)., Conclusion: EA preconditioning may ameliorate myocardial injury in MIRI rats which may be associated with its function in down-regulating the expression of myocardial Caspase-1 protein to reduce cardiomyocyte pyroptosis.

This study aims to identify the chemical constituents of Simiao Yong'an Decoction based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear quadrupole ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry(UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS). The elution was performed through a UPLC BEH C&#95;(18) column(2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with the mobile phase of water(containing 0.1% formic acid)-acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min~(-1). LTQ-Orbitrap-MS with heat electrospray ion(HESI) source was employed to collect MS fragment information in the negative ion mode. A total of 72 compounds were identified based on reference substance comparison, fragmentation rules, accurate molecular weight, related reports and databases(MassBank and HMDB), including 30 iridoid glycosides, 9 organic acids, 15 flavonoids, 10 phenylpropanoids, 7 triterpenoids, and 1 saccharide. The method established in this study is comprehensive, rapid, and accurate, which can help summarize the fragmentation rules of constituents and provide reference for revealing the active constituents and pharmacodynamic mechanism of Simiao Yong'an Decoction.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Neiguan" (PC 6) on cardiac function and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats with acute myocardial ischemia (AMI), and to explore the correlation between myocardial protective effect of EA and inflammatory factors i.e. interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) of "Neiguan" (PC 6) area., Methods: A total of 40 male SD rats with normal ultrasonic cardiogram were randomized into a sham-operation group, a sham-operation plus EA group, a model group and an EA group, 10 rats in each group. The AMI model was established by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) branch of the coronary artery in the model group and the EA group, while the threading without ligating was adopted in the sham-operation group and the sham-operation plus EA group. In the sham-operation plus EA group and the EA group, EA at bilateral "Neiguan" (PC 6) was applied, with disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz in frequency and 2 mA in density, once a day, 20 min a time for 3 days. The cardiac ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) were measured by ultrasonic cardiogram to evaluate the cardiac function, the cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining, the infiltration of inflammatory factors of "Neiguan" (PC 6) area was observed by H.E. staining, the expression of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-17 of "Neiguan" (PC 6) area was detected by immunofluorescence staining., Results: Compared with the sham-operation group, EF and FS were decreased ( P <0.001), the average optical density of cardiomyocyte apoptosis was increased ( P <0.001), the infiltration of inflammatory factors was obvious in skin dermis of "Neiguan" (PC 6) area in the model group; the positive expression of IL-1β and IL-17 of "Neiguan" (PC 6) area was increased in the model group and the sham-operation plus EA group ( P <0.001, P <0.01). Compared with the model group, EF and FS were increased ( P <0.01), the average optical density of cardiomyocyte apoptosis was decreased ( P <0.01), the infiltration of inflammatory factors was aggravating in skin dermis of "Neiguan" (PC 6) area, and the positive expression of IL-1β and IL-17 of "Neiguan" (PC 6) area was increased in the EA group ( P <0.001, P <0.01)., Conclusion: Electroacupuncture at "Neiguan" (PC 6) can improve the cardiac function and reduce the apoptosis of cardiomyocyte in rats with acute myocardial ischemia, its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the inflammatory factors of "Neiguan" (PC 6) area.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on expression of interleukin (IL) -23/IL-17 axis and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the infarcted tissue in rats with myocardial infarction (MI), and to explore the mechanism of EA on alleviating MI injury., Methods: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation group, a sham-operation plus EA group, a model group and an EA group, 10 rats in each group. The MI models were established by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery in the model group and EA group, while only threading was performed in the sham-operation group and sham-operation plus EA group. The rats in the sham-operation plus EA group and EA group were treated with EA at "Neiguan" (PC 6), disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz, 2 mA, once a day, 20 min each time, for 3 days. After the intervention, the ejection fraction (EF) was measured by echocardiography to evaluate the cardiac function; the infarct area was measured by TTC staining; the HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of myocardial tissue; the levels of IL-23 and IL-17 in infarcted tissue were detected by ELISA; the protein expression of TLR4 in infarcted tissue was detected by Western blot., Results: Compared with the sham-operation group, the EF was decreased ( P <0.01), the infarct area was increased ( P <0.01), the myocardial fiber injury was obvious, accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration, and the contents of IL-23, IL-17 and the expression of TLR4 in infarcted tissue were increased in the model group ( P <0.01). Compared with the model group, the EF was increased ( P <0.05), the infarct area was reduced ( P <0.05), the myocardial fiber injury was significantly improved, the inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced, and the contents of IL-23, IL-17 and TLR4 expression in infarcted tissue were decreased in the EA group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: EA may alleviate the excessive inflammatory response after MI by inhibiting the expression of IL-23/IL-17 axis in MI rats, and TLR4 may be involved during the process.

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA)pretreatment on transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1)/calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)signal and nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) protein expression in myocardial tissue of acute myocardial ischemic injury (AMI) rats, and to investigate the possible mechanism of electroacupuncture pretreatment against AMI., Methods: A total of 60 adult male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control, sham operation, model and EA pretreatment groups, 15 rats in each group. The acute myocardial ischemia model was established by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD)branch of the coronary artery in the model group and EA pretreatment group, while threading but no ligating at left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery was applied in the sham operation group. In the EA pretreatment group, bilateral "Neiguan"(PC6) acupoints were selected, with intensity of 2 mA and frequency of 2 Hz/100 Hz, for 20 min, once daily for 7 days before modeling. Electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded by physiological signal acquisition system, and the ST segment potential offset values of standard Ⅱ lead were analyzed before surgery，30 min and 24 h after operation. The TTC staining was used to observe the percentage of myocardial infarction area. The HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of myocardial tissue and the degree of inflammatory cell infiltration. And Western blot was used to detect TRPV1/CGRP signal and NF-κB p65 protein expression levels in myocardial tissue., Results: Compared with the sham operation group, the ECG-J point potential in the model group was significantly increased at 30 min and decreased at 24 h after operation ( P <0.05), myocardial infarction area increased significantly ( P <0.05), the myocardial fibers were obviously disordered, inflammatory cell infiltration was obvious, and the expressions of TRPV1，CGRP and NF-κB p65 proteins were all increased ( P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the EA pretreatment group was decreased in the ECG-J point potential at 30 min after operation( P <0.05), significantly reduced in myocardial infarction area ( P <0.05), improved in the morphology of myocardial fibers, reduced ininflammatory cell infiltration, and increased in the protein expressions of TRPV1 and CGRP in myocardium ( P <0.05), significantly decreased in the protein expression of NF-κB p65 ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: EA pretreatment may enhance TRPV1/CGRP signaling, down-regulate NF-κB p65 protein expression, reduce myocardial inflammatory response status, improve AMI injury, and reduce myocardial infarction area.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect and immune mechanism of berberine on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Methods: Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (Sham), model group (Model), berberine low dose groups (BBR-L, 25 mg/kg), berberine medium dose groups (BBR-M, 50 mg/kg) and berberine high dose groups (BBR-H, 100 mg/kg), with 10 rats in each group. Longa suture method was used to establish a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, after 2 hours of ischemia, reperfusion for 24 hours. Rats in BBR-L, BBR-M and BBR-H were treated with berbrerine by gavage 2 hours after successful model building, while the sham operation group and the modle group were given the same volume of saline as described above. After 24 hours of administration, the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) , interferon β (IFN-β) , interleukin 6 (IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO) content were detected by ELISA assay. Serum CD4 + , CD8 + and CD4 + /CD8 + contents were measured by flow cytometry to investigate the immune function of each group. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect NF-kappaB-NOD-like receptors 3 (NF-κB-NLRP3) signal axis key genes and protein expression in rat brain tissue. Results: Compared with the sham operation group, the degree of neurological deficit and the rate of cerebral infarction were increased in the model group ( P ＜0.05), and the levels of serum NO, TNF-α, IFN-β, IL-6, NF-κB p65, NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 in brain tissue were increased ( P ＜0.05), while the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and the levels of CD4 + , CD8 + and CD4 + /CD8 + in serum were decreased ( P ＜0.05). Compared with the model group, the degree of neurological deficit and the rate of cerebral infarction were increased in the BBR-H, BBR-M and BBR-L groups ( P ＜0.05), and the levels of serum NO, TNF-α, IFN-β, IL-6, NF-κB p65, NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and caspase-1 in brain tissue were increased ( P ＜0.05), while the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and the levels of CD4 + , CD8 + and CD4 + /CD8 + in serum were decreased ( P ＜0.05). Conclusion: Berberine may reduce oxidative stress, inhibit inflammation, enhance immune function, and reduce cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats, which may be related to the inhibition of NF-κB-NLRP3 signaling.