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Objective To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (Dex) on osteoporosis (OP) rats and possible mechanisms. Methods The rats were divided into sham operation group, osteoporosis model group (OP, replicating the OP rat model with bilateral ovariectomies), Dex-L, M, and H (Dex low, medium, and high dose treatments) groups and Dex-H+XAV-939 group (Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor). Micro-CT was applied to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microstructure of rat femurs. The three-point bending experiment was applied to analyze the biomechanics of the femur (maximum load, fracture deflection, elastic modulus). HE staining was applied to observe pathological changes in the femur of rats. ELISA method was applied to evaluate bone metabolism indicators such as alkaline phosphatase(ALP), typeⅠ procollagen amino-terminal peptide (PINP) and typeⅠcollagen cross-linked C-telopeptide(CTX-Ⅰ). The expression of Runx2 and Wnt3a was examined by Immunohistochemistry. Western blot was applied to detect the protein expression of Runx2 and Wnt3a/β-catenin pathway in femoral tissue. Results Compared to the Sham group, the bone volume and number of trabeculae in OP group were obviously reduced, the maximum load, fracture deflection, elastic modulus, BMD, Tb.Th, Tb.N, BV/TV, ALP, PINP, Runx2, Wnt3a, β-catenin expression decreased, CTX-Ⅰ increased (P＜0.05). Compared to the OP group, the bone trabecular structure in the Dex-L, M, and H groups was restored, the maximum load, fracture deflection, elastic modulus, BMD, Tb.Th, Tb.N, BV/TV, ALP, PINP, Runx2, Wnt3a, β-catenin expression all increased but CTX-Ⅰ decreased (P＜0.05). Compared to the Dex-H group, the bone trabecular injury in the Dex-H+XAV-939 group showed a more severe damage. The maximum load, fracture deflection, elastic modulus, BMD, Tb.Th, Tb.N, BV/TV, ALP, PINP, Runx2, Wnt3a, β-catenin expression decreased while CTX-Ⅰ increased (P＜0.05). Conclusions Dex may antagonize OP effects by improving bone density, biomechanical properties and microstructure. The underlying mechanism might be related to the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

This study examined changes in the degree of hydrolysis, peptide yield, digestibility, and hydrolyzed amino acid content during the simulated gastrointestinal digestion of Antarctic krill protein. Furthermore, the in vitro proosteogenic activity of different concentrations of the lyophilized residue from the supernatant of the digestion product at the optimal digestion time was evaluated. The results showed that the hydrolysis degree, peptide yield, digestibility, and hydrolyzed amino acid content in the supernatant from Antarctic krill protein digestion increased significantly with digestion time, reaching an equilibrium after 120 min of intestinal digestion, with a hydrolysis degree of 42.67%, a peptide yield of 35.30% and a digestibility of 82.21%. The supernatants at all digestion time points enhanced the osteogenic activity of mouse MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, the one obtained after 120 min of intestinal digestion being the most effective. Living/dead cell staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assay and alizarin red staining confirmed that the supernatant from intestinal digestion for 120 min had good cellular compatibility, promoted osteoblast differentiation and mineralization and consequently regulated its osteogenic activity by enhancing ALP activity and intracellular calcium deposition. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the high-value application of Antarctic krill protein.

This paper summarized the clinical data and nursing experience of a patient with gingival carcinoma treated by photodynamic therapy using bronchoscopy. Nursing plan consisted of various interventions such as basic nursing, psychological care, avoiding sunlight, illness observation, pain control, dietary care, Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing technique and health guidance before discharge. On the basis of clinical treatment, individualized nursing of integrated Traditional Chinese and western medicine is effective to improve the therapeutic effect, reduce the risk of post-operative complications and improve the patient satisfaction and post-operative quality of life. (本文回顾了1例经气管镜行光动力治疗牙龈癌患者的临床资料, 总结相关护理措施, 包括基础护理、心理护理、避光教育、病情观察、疼痛护理、饮食护理、中医护理和出院指导。在临床治疗基础上, 通过个体化中西医结合的护理措施干预, 有效提高了治疗效果, 改善患者生活质量, 降低并发症发生风险, 进一步提高临床护理满意度。)

Seven grain quality traits were tested in the panel of 188 winter wheat accessions from Xinjiang. Twelve co-associated genetic loci were detected in four different environments via GWAS, explaining 6.021%-31.467% phenotypic variation. Two pleiotropism loci, located on chromosomes 6A and 2B, associated with protein content and settlement value, protein content and bulk density of wheat. Five pleiotropism loci, located on 3A, 1B, 6B, 7B, and 7D, shared by protein content and wet gluten content. One pleiotropism locus, located on 5B chromosome, associated with settlement value, bulk density of wheat and grain hardness. Three pleiotropism loci located on 7A, 3B, and 2D, respectively, which shared by protein content, settlement value, and wet gluten content, while one pleiotropism locus with unknown site was also associated with protein content, settlement value, and wet gluten content. These associated loci or genes might be employed to select favorite wheat genotypes, and cultivate elite wheat genotypes via marker-assisted selection in wheat quality breeding. Candidate genes at stable loci associated with multiple traits were searched, and 11 candidate genes that might be related to wheat grain quality with multiple traits and environments were screened. Among them, TraesCS6B01G347500 encoded a storage and transportation protein, TraesCS1B01G395400 encoded a carbohydrate transport protein/sugar transport protein, and TraesCS2D01G246500 gene encoded a protein ESKIMO1 related to cold tolerance, salt tolerance, and water conservation. These genes can be used as candidate genes for allelic variation analysis and marker development, provide molecular tools for wheat marker assisted selection breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of chain extender types and chain extension process on the rheological properties of polyester melt were reviewed. The characterization methods of complex viscosity-angle frequency curve, viscosity molecular weight distribution curve, Cole-Cole curve, storage modulus-angle frequency curve, loss angle-complex modulus curve, weighted relaxation time spectrum and uniaxial transient extensional rheology for branched structure, branched content and branched length of chain-extended polyester were summarized. The differences and application scope of each rheological characterization method are pointed out, which is of guiding significance for the study of branched chain extension reaction mechanism and long chain branched structure of polyester. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional solid phase extraction sorbent contains certain deficiencies in the progress of processing heavy metals in environmental samples, such as pH instability and co-extraction difficulty. Therefore, it is particularly important to find more efficient sorbents. A solid-phase extraction method using multi-walled carbon nanotube as absorbent materials for Pb, Cd, Cu and Fe in water has been determined. The effects of solution pH, elution solution, sample volume and matrix effects were investigated. Pb and Cd were determined by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry; alternatively, Cu and Fe were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Experimental results show that the extraction of the metal elements is most efficient when the pH value is 9.0 and flow rate is 2 mL/min with 1 mol/L HNO3 as the elution solution by using the unmodified multi-walled carbon nanotube (outer diameter

With the advancement of polyester preparation technology and the diversification of demand areas, new polyester materials are constantly emerging. Although solid state polycondensation (SSP) has long been used for the viscosification of polyethylene terephthalate(PET), the application in new polyesters needs further exploration and optimization. The reaction mechanism and the influence factors of polyester SSP are introduced in this paper. The research progresses of SSP of new polyesters with different structures, functional blends/copolyesters and new titanium-catalyzed polyesters are reviewed, and the difference in the reaction mechanism, reaction conditions and reaction rates of SSP of new polyesters and traditional polyesters were summarized. It is pointed out that in the future, SSP can be used for the multi-functionalization and high-performance of new polyesters, which will help to expand the application of new polyester end products and promote the development of green and low-carbon industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development technology of a woven fabric with embedded rid reinforcement was summarized. In order to further improve the mechanical property and comfort of the tooling fabric, polyamide filament is embedded into cotton fabric as rid reinforcement. The design idea was introduced from three aspects of raw material, yarn and fabric specification. The key technologies of warping, sizing and weaving and the corresponding technology measures were summarized. The test results show that the mechanical property of the developed fabric meet the requirements of the relevant standards. It is considered that the tooling fabric with both comfort and better mechanical property has better application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of self-ligating and conventional brackets on dental arch width in non-extraction treatment. METHODS: Cochrane library, ScienceDirect, PubMed, CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Database and Google scholar were searched from the date of their establishment to May. 2013, to find clinical trials about dental arch form changes in non-extraction treatment with self-ligating and conventional brackets. The quality of the included studies was assessed by two reviewers independently, and Meta analysis was performed using SatalO.O software package. RESULTS: Finally' 8 studies including 364 patients were identified. The results of meta analysis showed there were significant difference between self-ligating and conventional brackets in the upper first premolar width change [WMD = 0.724,95% Cl(0.288,1.160);PL < 0.01], lower first molar width change [WMD=0.564,95%Cl(0.219,0.909);PU < 0.01] and upper incisors inclination changes. CONCLUSIONS: Current clinical evidence suggests that there is more increment of the dental width in upper first premolars and the lower first molars using self-ligating brackets than conventional brackets, and self-ligating brackets can superiorly control upper incisor inclination. The results need to be verified via larger and higher quality trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

bHLH is a superfamily in plant kingdom, whose members participate in the processes of plant growth, development, and stresses resistance. But up to now, the functions of bHLHs in cotton are less studied and reported. This paper took Gossypium hirsutum as material, seperates and clones gene-GhbHLH4, and carried out initial analysis on its function. The results showed that there are abundant stress-response relevant cis-elements in the promoter region of gene GhbHLH4. The leaves and roots of transgenic GhbHLH4 Arabidopsis plants were wider and longer than WT. Transgenic GhbHLH4 plants grew normally under long-time treatment of 150 mmol/L NaCl. The results of this study has laid a foundation for thorough understanding the molecular mechanism of salt tolerance in GhbHLH4 gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the methane-air mixture combustion rate, the experiment of a divided constant volume combustion bomb is carried out for fast burning of methane-air mixture by jet ignition. The effects of baffle plate parameters, such as location, orifice diameter and orifice number, on fast burning of methane-air mixture by jet ignition under various initial conditions are studied by means of schlieren method. The experimental data of constant volume combustion bombs with and without single and plural orificed baffle plates are compared. The results show that the combustion rate is improved by an orificed baffle plate. The location C in the constant volume combustion bomb is the best place since the main combustion chamber is easy to burn under certain experimental conditions. The peak combustion pressure of the methane- air mixture increases first and then decreases with the increase in the diameter and number of orifices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Allergic rhinitis （AR） is a nasal hypersensitivity disease that is influenced by environmental factors, genetic factors, and various inflammatory factors. The role and mechanisms of ozone, as a component of air pollution, in the pathogenesis of AR are not yet fully understood. This article provides a review of the impact of ozone on the epidemiology and pathology of AR, as well as its possible mechanisms, to provide new insights into the prevention and treatment of AR., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-exacerbated respiratory disease （N-ERD） is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by eosinophilic inflammation, featuring chronic rhinosinusitis （CRS）, asthma, and intolerance to cyclooxygenase 1 （COX-1） inhibitors. The use of these medications can lead to an acute worsening of rhinitis and asthma symptoms. This condition has not yet received sufficient attention in China, with a high rate of misdiagnosis and a lack of related research. The Chinese Rhinology Research Group convened a group of leading young experts in otolaryngology from across the country, based on the latest domestic and international evidence-based medical practices to formulate this consensus.The consensus covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for N-ERD, including pharmacotherapy, surgery, biologic treatments, and desensitization therapy. The goal is to improve recognition of N-ERD, reduce misdiagnosis, and enhance treatment outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective: To analyze the changes in the disease burden of prostate, testis, kidney and bladder cancers among urinary and reproductive system tumors in Chinese men from 1990 to 2019 with a prediction of the future trend., Methods: We retrieved the data on the incidence, mortality and disease burden of prostate, testis, kidney and bladder cancers in Chinese men between 1990 and 2019 from the database of Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Using the Joinpoint regression model, we analyzed the trend of changes in the disease burden, and predicted the prevalence of the tumors with the ARIMA model., Results: From 1990 to 2019, the standardized incidence and prevalence of prostate, testis, kidney and bladder cancers were on the rise in Chinese men, and those of testis cancer increased most significantly, by 326.79% and 1070.93% respectively. The disease burden of PCa was the highest, with standardized incidence, prevalence and mortality ratios of 17.34/100 000, 117.65/100 000 and 7.79/100 000 respectively in 2019. The standardized mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) of kidney cancer were increased by 103.59% and 103.17% respectively. The highest incidence, mortality and DALY of prostate, kidney and bladder cancers in 2019 were found in 90－94 years old males, the highest prevalence rates of prostate, kidney and bladder cancers in the 70－89-year-olds, and the highest prevalence of testis cancer in the 25－49-year-olds. ARIMA model prediction showed that the standardized incidence rates of prostate, testis, kidney and bladder cancers in Chinese men kept rising from 2020 to 2029., Conclusion: The disease burden of prostate, testis, kidney and bladder cancers in Chinese men is on the rise, and their standardized incidence rates will be even higher by 2029, with a significant increase in the disease burden in young men, which suggests the need of more attention to the prevention and treatment of genitourinary system tumors in young males.

Objective: To explore the impact of PM 2.5 concentration in Shanghai on the incidence of allergic rhinitis（AR） in the population, and provide strategies for early warning and prevention of AR. Methods: Collect daily average concentrations of atmospheric pollutants monitored in Shanghai from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019, and clinical data of AR patients from five hospitals in Shanghai during the same period. We used a time-series analysis additive Poisson regression model to analyze the correlation between PM 2.5 levels and outpatient attendance for AR patients. Results: During the study period, a total of 56 500 AR patients were included, and the daily average concentration of PM 2.5 was（35.28±23.07）μg/m³. There is a correlation between the concentration of PM 2.5 and the number of outpatient attendance for AR cases. There is a positive correlation between the daily average number of outpatient for AR and levels of PM 2.5 air pollution（（ P <0.05）） . We found that every 10 μg/m³ increase in PM 2.5, the impact of on the number of AR visits was statistically significant on the same day, the first day behind, and the second day behind, with the strongest impact being the exposure on the same day. Every 10 μg/m³ increases in PM 2.5, the number of outpatient visits increased by 0.526% on the same day（95% CI 1.000 50-1.010 04）. Conclusion: The atmospheric PM 2.5 concentration in Shanghai is positively correlated with the number of outpatient for AR, and PM 2.5 exposure is an independent factor in the onset of AR. This provides an important theoretical basis for AR., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)

Objective To investigate the expression of thioredoxin reductase 3(TXNRD3),a selenoprotein,in 33 human malignant tumors and then analyze its effect on the survival prognosis.Methods We employed the genotype-tissue expression project database,the cancer cell line encyclopedia,and the cancer genome atlas to explore the expression of TXNRD3 gene in 33 human malignant tumors and analyze its impact on the survival prognosis.Further,we explored the correlations of TXNRD3 with immune cells and immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment,as well as with neoantigens,immune checkpoint genes,tumor mutational burden,and microsatellite instability.Subsequently,human samples were classified into high-and low-expression groups according to TXNRD3 gene expression levels,and the enrichment analysis of biological functions and signaling pathways was performed.Results The analysis with multiple databases showed that TXNRD3 was highly expressed in 15 tumors.The survival analysis showed that TXNRD3 was significantly associated with poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer patients.In addition,the expression level of TXNRD3 was correlated with immune infiltration in tumor microenvironment,neoantigens,immune checkpoint genes,tumor mutational burden,and microsatellite instability.TXNRD3 affected the expression of DNA mismatch repair genes.The gene set enrichment indicated that TXNRD3 was involved in regulating multiple signaling pathways associated with tumor metabolism and tumor immunity.Conclusion TXNRD3 is widely expressed in tumors and has a clinical value for the survival prognosis prediction and treatment of multiple tumors,demonstrating the potential of being a promising biomarker for targeted treatment of multiple tumors.

Objectives: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a renal cortical tumor with high clinical incidence. The effect of glutathione peroxidases ( GPXs ) on RCC and the possible mechanism are still unclear. This study aims to explore the expression level of GPXs gene in RCC and its effect on the clinical prognosis of patients with RCC via bioinformatics analysis., Methods: The mRNA expressions of GPXs family genes were obtained from the public data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The Kruskal-Wails test was used to analyze the differences in mRNA expression of GPXs family genes between samples from patients with RCC and the normal population. UALAN databases were used to analyze the differences in protein expression of GPXs family genes between samples from patients with renal clear cell carcinoma and the normal population, and to evaluate the role of GPXs family genes in RCC. The Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used to analyze the correlation between different types of RCC and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Kaplan-Meier survival curve was drawn based on the GPX8 gene expression to study the relationship between GPX8 gene expression and prognosis of RCC patients. Based on the results of multivariate Cox regression analysis, a Nomogram scoring model for RCC prediction was established by introducing GPX8 gene., Results: The mRNA expressions of GPX1 and GPX4 were higher in the sample of renal chromophobe cell carcinoma, renal clear cell carcinoma, and renal papillary cell carcinoma than those in the normal population (all P <0.01), and GPX7 and GPX8 were significantly over-expressed in patients with renal papillary cell carcinoma and renal clear cell carcinoma (all P <0.01). Compared with the normal group, the protein expressions of GPX1, GPX2, GPX7, and GPX8 were increased significantly in renal clear cell carcinoma (all P <0.01), while GPX3 and GPX4 expressions were decreased significantly (both P <0.01). The protein expressions of GPX1, GPX2, GPX7, and GPX8 were increased significantly in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma at different tumor grades (all P <0.01), while GPX3 and GPX4 expressions were decreased significantly (both P <0.01). Survival analysis showed that OS, DFS, DSS, and PFS were all decreased in patients with clear cell carcinoma compared with patients with papillary cell carcinoma and chromophobe cell carcinoma. According to the GPX8 level, patients were assigned into the low, medium, and high expression groups. Compared with the low GPX8 level group, the OS ( P <0.01), DFS ( P =0.03), DSS ( P <0.01), and PFS ( P =3.18×10 -7 ) were significantly decreased in the high level group. Univariate Cox proportional regression analysis showed that the high level of GPX8 was associated with poor OS of 3 different types of renal cancer. Multifactorial analysis showed that GPX8 was an independent factor affecting the OS of patients with renal papillary cell carcinoma. Race and post tumor node metastasis (pTNM) typing were independent factors influencing the OS of patients with renal clear cell carcinoma. GPX8 and pTMN were independent factors influencing the OS of patients with renal chromophobe cell carcinoma. Based on these variables, the Nomogram risk models of 3 types of cell carcinoma were established, and the discrimination and calibration of the models were evaluated using the Consistency index (C-index) and calibration curves. The C-index of the risk model of renal papillary cell carcinoma was 0.62 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.00, P =0.03). The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.88. The C-index of the risk model of renal clear cell carcinoma was 0.72 (95% CI 0.52 to 1.00, P =0.03). The results of ROC curve showed that the AUC was 0.90. The C-index of the risk model of chromophobe cell carcinoma of kidney was 0.90 (95% CI 0.85 to 1.00, P <0.01). The results of ROC curve showed that the AUC was 0.59., Conclusions: GPXs family genes, especially GPX8 , are potential markers for poor prognosis of RCC, and the occurrence and development of RCC can be predicted in clinical practice based on the expressions of GPXs family genes.

Objective: To investigate the incidence and clinical characteristics of renal involvement with Omicron coronavirus infection in age-based stratified patients., Methods: The first batch of 430 convalescent patients with Omicron coronavirus treated in Tianjin First Central Hospital from January 21, 2022 to March 7, 2022 were enrolled in this study. The baseline information, vaccination status and laboratory examination information of patients were extracted in order to analyze the incidence of renal involvement in age-based stratified patients. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors of renal involvement in different age groups., Results: Excluding those younger than 1 year old and those with a history of chronic kidney disease, a total of 421 patients were included. There were 184 males and 237 females with an average age of (36.65±21.28) years. The types of renal involvement included pathological tubular urine (28.9%), proteinuria (16.9%), renal hematuria (14.7%), a slight decrease of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, 9.3%), renal glycosuria (0.5%). According to their age, all patients were divided into three groups: 113 cases of ≤ 18 years old, 244 cases of 19-59 years old and 64 cases of ≥ 60 years old. Significant difference was founded in the incidence of renal involvement among the three groups. The incidence of proteinuria, pathological tubular urine and slight decline of eGFR in the ≥ 60 years old group were significantly higher than those in the ≤ 18 years old group [28.1% (18/64) vs. 8.0% (9/112), 42.2% (27/64) vs. 19.6% (22/112), 34.9% (22/63) vs. 6.2% (7/113), respectively, all P < 0.01]. The incidence of slight decline of eGFR was significantly higher than that in 19-59 years old group [34.9% (22/63) vs. 4.1% (10/243), P < 0.01]. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age was significantly correlated with renal involvement after adjusting for the baseline situation, serological indexes and Omicron infection related indexes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.059, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.021-1.097, P = 0.002]. Compared with the group ≤ 18 years old, the risk of renal involvement in the group ≥ 60 years old was significantly increased (OR = 26.245, 95%CI was 1.357-507.458, P = 0.031). Age ≥ 60 years old was an independent risk factor for renal involvement with Omicron coronavirus infection., Conclusions: Although a low incidence of severe cases in Tianjin first batch of 430 patients with Omicron coronavirus infection, there is still a high incidence of renal involvement. Advanced age is the risk factor of renal involvement. We should pay more attention to the renal involvement of elderly with Omicron coronavirus infection.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of urolithin A (UA) on the inflammation and lipid accumulation induced by hyperlipidemia in L02 hepatocytes. Methods Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentivirus was used to establish a stable Nrf2 knockdown cell line in L02 cells. Empty vector control cells and Nrf2 knockdown cells were treated with free fatty acids (FFAs) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) to establish the hyperlipidemic cell model, and Urolithin A was treated on this basis. Specifically, they were divided into control group (BSA treatment), FFA treatment group (0.6 mmol/L), FFA (0.6 mmol/L) combined with UA low-dose group (10 μmol/L) and FFA (0.6 mmol/L) combined with UA high-dose group (20 μmol/L). All of these groups were treated for 48 h. The dye of BODIPY493/503 was used to detect the accumulation of lipid droplets in the cell. The levels of triglyceride (TG) was detected by TG assay kit. TNF-α and IL-6 in the supernatant of the cells were detected by ELISA. The level of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by flow cytometry combined with DCFH-DA. Malondialdehyde (MDA) kit was used to test the level of MDA. Total superoxide dismutase (SOD) kit and catalase (CAT) kit were used to detect the activities of total SOD and CAT, respectively. The mRNA levels of SOD2 and CAT were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. The protein levels of SOD2, CAT, Nrf2 as well as P62, LC3 were detected by Western blot analysis. The adenovirus of RFP-GFP-LC3 was used to measure the autophagy flux in the cells. Results FFA increased the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and TG as well as the positive rate of BODIPY493/503 staining in L02 cells. The levels of MDA and ROS increased, while the mRNA and protein expressions of SOD2, CAT and Nrf2 decreased when treated with FFA. FFA treatment also suppressed the levels of autophagy markers LC33-II and promoted the level of P62, and blocked autophagy flux. UA treatment could reverse the above effects of FFA, with significant difference. When Nrf2 was knocked down, the above effects of UA disappeared. Conclusion Through activating autophagy and antioxidative pathways which are mediated by Nrf2 pathway, urolithin A alleviates inflammation and oxidative stress induced by high lipid in L02 hepatocytes.

Objectives: To explore the effect of resveratrol (Res) on Kawasaki disease (KD)-induced myocardial injury and to evaluate its effect on apoptosis and autophagy., Methods: Forty-eight juvenile male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group, a Res group, a lactobacillus casei cell wall extract (LCWE)-induced Kawasaki disease group (KD group), and a LCWE-induced Kawasaki disease + Res treatment group (Res+KD group). The control group was intraperitoneally injected with saline. The Res group was intraperitoneally injected with resveratrol (100 mg/kg). The KD group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mL LCWE (1 mg/mL). The Res+KD group was intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 mL LCWE (1 mg/mL) and resveratrol (100 mg/kg). After 4 weeks, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and short axis shortening rate (LVFS) were detected by echocardiography. The apoptotic rate was detected by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. The levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β (LC3B), Beclin-1, autophagy related 5 (Atg5) and sequestosome-1 (p62) were detected by Western blotting. The formation of autophagosome was observed under transmission electron microscope., Results: There was no significant difference in the above-mentioned indexes between the control group and the Res group (all P >0.05). Compared with the control group, the values of LVEF and LVFS were significantly decreased in the KD group (both P <0.01); the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and TUNEL-positive cells were increased (both P <0.01); the LC3BII/LC3BI ratio, the levels of Beclin 1, Atg5 and p62, and the number of autophagosomes were also significantly increased in KD group (all P <0.01). Compared with the KD group, the values of LVEF and LVFS were significantly increased, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and TUNEL-positive cells were decreased, the LC3BII/LC3BI ratio, the levels of Beclin 1, Atg5 and p62 were all decreased (all P <0.01), and the number of autophagosomes was suppressed., Conclusions: Res can attenuate the KD-induced myocardial injury via inhibiting the apoptosis and autophagy.

Arisaematis Rhizoma included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is the dried tuber of Arisaema erubescens, A. heterophyllum or A. amurense in the family Araceae. This paper mainly focuses on the classification and summary of the chemical components and structures reported in recent years in the above three varieties of this medicinal material included in the pharmacopoeia, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, lignans and benzene ring derivatives, steroids and terpenes, glycosides and esters, etc. Then we reviewed the reported biological activities of these chemical components, including cytotoxicity, antitumor activity, antibacterial activity, nematicidal activity, etc. Although there have been reports on the review of the chemical composition of the medicinal material, the structure and classification of the chemical composition in these reviews are not clear enough. This review provides a basis for the later study of the chemical composition of this medicinal material, especially the identification of the chemical structures. And most of the current reviews on the biological activity of this medicinal material are mainly for the crude extract. This paper mainly summarized the biological activity of related monomer compounds and expected to lay a foundation for the development of novel high-efficiency and low-toxicity active leading compounds from Arisaematis Rhizoma.

Objective: To analyze the effects of high-fat diet on the biological network regulation of gene expression microarray data and key proteins in mouse prostate tissue, and provide some new theoretical evidence for the mechanism of obesity inducing PCa., Methods: From the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), we obtained RNAs in the prostate tissue from two groups of C57BL / 6J mice, the normal diet group (n = 5) and high-fat diet group (n = 4). Using the Gene Cloud, Gene-Cloud of Biotechnology Informs (GCBI), GenClip2.0, and Sytoscape 3.5.1, we screened differentially expressed genes, investigated protein interaction networks and biological pathways of differential genes and, from the perspective of transcriptome, explored the effects of high-fat diet on the changes of the molecular network of prostate tissue genes and the molecular biological functions possibly involved., Results: A total of 134 differentially expressed genes were identified, 130 up-regulated and 4 down-regulated, mainly involved in biological functions such as chromosome organization, cell-cell signaling, small molecule biosynthesis and leukocyte activation. The Lck, Prkcb and Cd28 genes in the gene network were of high value, indicating an important relationship with protein synthesis and biological functions, the core node of the protein-protein network, and a high predictive ability of Lck and Cd28., Conclusions: The high-fat diet can induce changes in prostate tissue genes, leading to tumorigenesis.

Osteoporosis fracture with high disability and mortality is a difficult problem that seriously affects the life quality of individuals. At present, there is still a lack of anti-osteoporosis drugs with clear target and significant efficacy in the clinical practice. Rehmanniae Radix and its prescriptions have significant clinical effects. In this regard, more and more studies have reported the effects and mechanisms of Rehmanniae Radix and its active components, and the certain research outputs have been achieved. In this article, the PubMed, Web of science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang database were searched to collect and organize the latest research progress of Rehmanniae Radix treatment of osteoporosis in the recent 10 years. We summarized the research dynamics as well as the function indexes and mechanisms of the raw and processed Rehmanniae Radix, active ingredients such as catalpol, aucubin, acteoside and Rehmanniae Radix polysaccharide, and their formulating prescriptions, and then excavated the potential active ingredients, targets and signaling pathways, including the effect on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, promoting the osteoblast proliferation and promoting osteogenesis differentiation(increasing alkaline phosphatase, typeⅠ collagen, osteoprotegerin, and osteocalcin and promoting calcium deposits), increasing the bone density, inhibiting the osteoclast quantity and differentiation, promoting the osteoclast apoptosis, and reducing tartrate resistant acid phosphatase and bone resorption pit area to provide the reference and develop new ideas for developing Rehmanniae Radix prescriptions for treatment of osteoporosis and exploring its mechanism.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of melatonin against myocardial ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury in isolated rat hearts and explore the underlying mechanisms., Methods: The isolated hearts from 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =10): the control group, where the hearts were perfused with KH solution for 175 min; IR group, where the hearts were subjected to global ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min; IR+melatonin (Mel+IR) group, where melatonin (5 μmol/L) was administered to the hearts 1 min before ischemia and during the first 5 min of reperfusion, followed by 115 min of reperfusion; and IR+2, 3-butanedione monoxime (IR+BDM) group, where the hearts were treated with BDM (20 mmol/L) in the same manner as melatonin treatment. Myocardial injury in the isolated hearts was assessed based on myocardial injury area, caspase-3 activity, and expressions of cytochrome C and cleaved caspase-3 proteins. Cardiac contracture was assessed using HE staining and by detecting lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and the content of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in the coronary outflow, measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and electron microscopy. The content of ATP in the cardiac tissue was also determined., Results: Compared with those in the control group, the isolated hearts in IR group showed significantly larger myocardial injury area and higher caspase-3 activity and the protein expressions of cytochrome C and cleaved caspase-3 with significantly increased LDH activity and cTnI content in the coronary outflow and elevated LVEDP at the end of reperfusion; HE staining showed obvious fractures of the myocardial fibers and the content of ATP was significantly decreased in the cardiac tissue; electron microscopy revealed the development of contraction bands. In the isolated hearts with IR, treatment with Mel or BDM significantly reduced the myocardial injury area, caspase-3 activity, and protein expressions of cytochrome C and cleaved caspase-3, obviously inhibited LDH activity, lowered the content of cTnI and LVEDP, reduced myocardial fiber fracture, and increased ATP content in the cardiac tissue. Both Mel and BDM inhibited the formation of contraction bands in the isolated hearts with IR injury., Conclusions: Mel can alleviate myocardial IR injury in isolated rat hearts by inhibiting cardiac contracture, the mechanism of which may involve the upregulation of ATP in the cardiac myocytes to lessen the tear of membrane and reduce cell content leakage.

Objective: To explore whether the high risk factors possibly leading to hypercoagulative status and thrombosis exist in Thalassemia patients of Guangxi region through detecting plasma tissne factor-bearing microparticles (TF + MP), procoagulatima activity, coagulation and anticoagulation function, fibrinolytic function, endothelial function and platelet count., Methods: The TF + MP procoagulation activity was detected by chromogenic saubstract method, the levels of tissue factors (TF), tissue factor pathway inhibitor(TFPI), protein C (PC), protein S (PS), antithrombin Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), thrombin-activated fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), soluble E-selectin (sE-sel), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and thrombomodulin (TM) were detected by ELISA in thalassemia group (n=71) and control group (n=20 heathy persons)., Results: Compared with control group, the AT-Ⅲ level decreased in β-thalastemia major group (TM) (P<0.05), the AT-Ⅲ level in TM group independeutly posstiody correlated with plt count (r=0.37, P<0.05); the levels of TF and sICAM in α-thalassenia intermediate group (TA) significantly decteased (P<0.05), the procoagulatim activity of TF + MP in β-thalassemia intermediate group (TI) increased sngnificantly (P<0.05)， moreover positively corretated with AT-Ⅲ level (r=0.77, P<0.05). The TF and sICAM-1 levels in normal liver functim group of Thalassemia patients were lower tham those in control group (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively), the TF + MP activity between normal and abnormal liver function was significantly different (P<0.05), while there were no significant difference in other correspoding indexes beween thalassemia group and control group as well as between each thalassemia groups., Conclusion: The damage of liver function and reduction of anticoagylation substances exist in patients with β-thalassenia major in Guangxi region, the procoagulation activity of plasma TF + MP in patients with β-thalassemia intermedia abnormally increases. All the above-mentioned factors may increase the risk of high coagulation status or thrombosis is thalassemia patients, the decrease of TF and SICAM-1 levels in patients with α-thalassemia intermedia may be factor against thrombosis.

Objective: To analyze the biological network regulation and key proteins of gene expression microarray in human normal prostate epithelial cells after treated with low-dose cadmium, and provide some new theoretical evidence for the pathogenesis of cadmium-related prostate cancer., Methods: We downloaded 19 copies of gene chip data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), involving 9 samples of prostate epithelial cells exposed to low-dose cadmium and 10 cases of normal control. Using the Gene-Cloud of Biotechnology Informs platform, GenClip2.0 and Sytoscape 3.5.1, we screened differentially expressed genes, explored their protein interaction networks and biological pathways and, from the perspective of transcriptome, analyzed the changes in the genetic network of normal human prostate epithelial cells and their possible molecular biological functions after low-dose cadmium treatment., Results: Totally, 1 050 (1.92%) differentially expressed genes were found in the prostate epithelial cells treated with low-dose cadmium, involved in such biological functions as the cell physiological process, MAPK regulation, regulation of intracellular signal transduction, and immunological effect. The HSP90AB1, BUB3 and PRKAR1A genes were the core nodes of the protein network, which showed statistically significant differences in their expressions and a correlation with the malignant transformation of normal cells., Conclusions: Low-dose cadmium can cause genetic changes in normal human prostate epithelial cells and the differentially expressed genes are mainly involved in such biological functions as the cell physiological process, MAPK regulation, regulation of intracellular signal transduction, and immunological effect.

Objective: To investigate the changes of E-selectin, thrombin-antithrombin complex（TAT）, prothrombin fragment 1+2（F1+2）, tissue factor（TF）and tissue factor pathway inhibitor（TFPI）before and one year after splenectomy in thalassemia patients., Methods: A total of 30 thalassemia patients undergoing electric laparoscopic splenectomy and 30 normal controls（NC） were enrolled in the study．Plasma levels of E-selectin, TAT, F1+2, TF and TFPI were detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay（ELISA）., Results: One year after splenectomy，the plasma concentrations of E-selectin, TAT, F1+2, TF, TFPI were significantly higher than those in both preoperative and NC groups．Levels of E-selectin, TAT, F1+2 before splenectomy were significantly higher than those in NC groups. In addition, there was a positive correlation between plasma TF and TFPI level before and after splenectomy, and the levels of TF and TFPI positively correlated with TAT and F1+2, respectively., Conclusion: After splenectomy, the platelet count increases, the activity of endothelial cells is injured, the procoagulant factor increases, the blood is in procoagulant state, the TF/TFPI shows an importent role in the thrombosis of thalassemia patieints after splenectomy and may be used to evaluate the prothrombotic state of this diasease.

Objective: To investigate the role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in isolated perfused rat heart and explore the underlying mechanisms., Methods: An ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model was prepared using isolated rat hearts perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution were randomly divided into control group, 2.5 µmol/L KN-93 group, IR (induced by ischemia for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min) group and KN-93+IR group. The myocardial performance was evaluated by assessing the left ventricular pressure. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and cTnI content in the coronary flow and the infarct size were determined to evaluate the myocardial injury. The phosphorylation of CaMKII (p-CaMKII) and PLN (p-PLN) and oxidation of CaMKII (ox--CaMKII) were measured with Western blotting. The activity of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined using ELISA., Results: Compared with the control group, KN-93 treatment at 2.5 µmol/L produced no significant effects on cardiac function or performance in rat hearts without IR injury. Myocardial IR injury significantly decreased myocardial performance and mitochondrial SOD activity in the perfused hearts (P<0.01) and caused significantly increased infarct size, LDH activity, cTnI content, expressions of p-CaMKII, ox-CaMKII and p-PLN, and also increased mitochondrial MDA content (P<0.01). KN-93 treatment at 2.5 µmol/L administered before ischemia and before reperfusion markedly attenuated such changes induced by ischemia and reperfusion (P<0.01)., Conclusion: CaMKII participates in myocardial IR injury in isolated rat heart, and inhibiting CaMKII can alleviate myocardial injury by relieving mitochondrial oxidation stress.

Objective: To investigate the role of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and the underlying mechanisms.
 Methods: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups randomly: a control group, a KB-R7943 group, an ischemia-reperfusion group (IR group), and an IR plus KB-R7943 group (KB-R7943+IR group). Isolated Sprague Dawley male rat hearts underwent Langendorff perfusion. The ratio of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), the infarct size of myocardium, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the coronary flow was determined. HE staining was used to assess the change of myocardial morphology. Western blot was used to determine the levels of cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome c and the phosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and the Thr17 site of phospholamban.
 Results: Compared with the control group, IR group significantly induced an enlarged infarct size, reduction of the ratio of LVDP, up-regulation of cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-3, p-CaMKII and p-phospholamban, and increased in the activity of LDH, the level of LVEDP (P<0.01) and the disordered myocardial morphology. These effects were significantly attenuated in the presence of KB-R7943 treatment (10 μmol/L).
 Conclusion: NCX mediates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced cell apoptosis and necrosis through activation of CaMKII.

Objective: To investigate the role of capsaicin (CAP) in myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury and its underlying mechanisms., Methods: Twentyfour adult male SD rats were randomized into 4 groups,namely the control group,ischemia reperfusion group,ischemia reperfusion with CAP group,and ischemia reperfusion with CAPZ and CAP group. Isolated rat hearts underwent Langendorff perfusion. Left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (LVEDP) andleft ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) was calculated to evaluate myocardial performance at 30 min of reperfusion.Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to measure the infarct size of myocardium at 120 min reperfusion. The morphological changes in myocardial fiber was analyzed by HE staining at the end of reperfusion. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content in the coronary flow was determined during the first 5 min reperfusion. The myocardial mitochondria was isolated and extracted for measuring a series of indicators of mitochondrial oxidative stress,including superoxide dismutase (SOD),methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) at the end of reperfusion. Western blot was used to determine the expression of caspase3 and cytochrome c at 10 min reperfusion., Results: Compared with the control group,IR group significantly decreased in cardiac function,the level of LVDP and SOD activity and induced an enlarged infarct size ( P <0.01),accompanied by the disordered arrangement of myocardial cells,the content of MDA was increased ( P <0.01),the content of caspase3 and cytochrome c were also upregulated ( P <0.01).10 μmol/L CAP significantly attenuated these effects induced by ischemia reperfusion injury,levels of LVDP and infarct size at the end of reperfusion were significantly improved( P <0.01),nevertheless levels of LVEDP and MDA at the end of reperfusion and LDH were down-regulated markedly ( P <0.01),the content of caspase-3 and cytochrome c were also decreased ( P <0.01)., Conclusion: These results demonstrate that CAP can suppresses cell apoptosis and necrosis,and alleviate heart function and cell survival from ischemia reperfusion injury through attenuating mitochondrial oxidative stress.

Objective: To explore the regulation of acupuncture for transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) expression in the lung tissues of bronchial asthmatic rats., Methods: Forty SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, an acupuncture group and a shallow fast acupuncture group, 10 rats in each group. Asthma model was established in the model, acupuncture, and shallow fast acupuncture groups, and no intervention was applied in the blank and model groups. Before atomization excitation, 20 min acupuncture was applied at "Dazhui" (GV 14) "Feishu" (BL 13) "Fengmen" (BL 12) in the acupuncture group. Acupuncture only into skin without needle retained at the above acupoints was used in the shallow fast acupuncture group before atomization excitation from the day of model established. All the treatment was given 7 times, once the other day. The pathological lunge tissues of rats were observed by HE staining; the protein expression of TGF-β1 in the lung tissues was examined by immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence staining. The TGF-β1 expressions in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were showed by ELISA., Results: There were changes in the lung tissues in the model group, including mucus plug in the bronchial lumen, irregular bronchial epithelium, thick airway smooth muscle, local break, narrow lumen, a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration. The phenomena in the acupuncture group were improved and those in the shallow fast acupuncture group were not apparently changed compared with those in the model group. The IOD value of TGF-β1 expression in the model group increased compared with that in the blank group ( P <0.05); the positive expression in the acupuncture group was lower than those in the model and shallow fast acupuncture groups (both P <0.05). The contents of TGF-β1 in BALF and serum of the acupuncture group were lower than those in the model and shallow fast acupuncture groups (all P <0.05)., Conclusions: Acupuncture may improve airway inflammatory response and remolding of asthma by inhibiting TGF-β1 expression.

Objective: To investigate the role of melatonin in calcium overload-induced heart injury.
 Methods: Thirty-two rats were divided into 4 groups: a control group (Control), a melatonin control group (Mel), a calcium overload group (CaP), and a calcium overload plus melatonin group (Mel+CaP). Isolated Sprague Dawley male rat hearts underwent Langendorff perfusion. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) was calculated to evaluate the myocardial performance. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to measure the infarct size of myocardium. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the coronary flow was determined. The expressions of caspase-3 and cytochrome c were determined by Western blot. The pathological morphological changes in myocardial fiber were analyzed by HE staining.
 Results: Compared with the control group, calcium overload significantly induced an enlarged infarct size (P<0.01), accompanied by the disordered arrangement of myocardial fiber, up-regulation of cytochrome c and caspase-3 (P<0.01), and the increased activity of LDH (P<0.01). These effects were significantly attenuated by 10 μmol/L melatonin (P<0.01).
 Conclusion: Melatonin can alleviate calcium overload-induced heart injury.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for more than 80% of lung cancer. Nowadays, gemcitabine and cisplatin in combination have been adopted as the first-line chemotherapy for patients with NSCLC. This study aimed to monitor early response to combined chemotherapy of gemcitabine plus cisplatin in a mouse model of NSCLC by using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18 F-fluorothymidine small animal positron emission tomography (PET). Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice were treated with gemcitabine-cisplatin or saline. Small animal PET with 18 F-FDG and 18 F-FLT was performed before (baseline) and after treatment (on Day 3), respectively. Imaging results were confirmed by histopathological studies (hematoxylin and eosin staining, Ki67 staining). Compared to the results in the control group, gemcitabine-cisplatin in the treated group significantly inhibited tumor growth ( P <0.05). In the treated group, the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 18 F-FLT decreased significantly from 0.59±0.05 (baseline) to 0.28±0.05 (Day 3) ( P <0.05). There was no significant difference between baseline (4.35±0.46) and that on Day 3 (4.02±0.47) on 18 F-FDG SUVmax ( P >0.05). The proliferation of tumor assessed by Ki67 staining decreased significantly after treatment of one dose of gemicitabine-cisplatin ( P <0.05). The staining of HE showed an increase in necrotic and inflam- matory cells after the treatment. This study demonstrated that the uptake of 18 F-FLT reduced more rapidly and signi-ficantly than that of 18 F-FDG and was less disturbed by the increase of inflammatory cells after chemotherapy.

The use of sewage sludge compost(SSC)as fertilizer may cause increased leaching due to its high content of heavy metals and thus pose a threat to groundwater quality. The effect of SSC application on heavy metals leaching in calcareous soils has been studied in field trials, which provides basis for determining heavy metals environmental capacity and preventing metal pollution in farmland soil scientifically. The results indicated that the contents of Cu, Zn elevated obviously with the increase of the age and the dosage of SSC utilization in the topsoil(0-15 cm) under 4-year continuous application of SSC. Under higher levels of the compost treatment, the heavy metals Cu and Zn were found to migrate into the 15-30 cm soil and 60-90 cm soil under the experimental condition. Nevertheless, the majority of Cu and Zn from SSC accumulated in topsoil and the highest accumulation rates could reach 75.3% for Cu and 85.9% for Zn. The contents of Cd, Pb increased significantly in topsoil after 4-year continuous application of SSC, and their increases could reach 57.2%-165.2% for Cd and 13%-34% for Pb compared with CK. At 60-90 cm soil, the contents of Cr, As and Pb were also significantly higher than those in CK treatment. Application of SSC not only caused accumulation of some heavy metals in topsoil but also leached heavy metals located in the subsurface soil down in this experiment. Continuous utilization of SSC increased Zn concentration of wheat grain, and the increase could reach 13.3%-47.9%. For the concentrations of Cr and Pb in wheat grain, the values exceeded the national food and healthy standards value (GB 2762-2012) in part of compost treatments. The cumulative ratio of heavy metals carried out by wheat were all below 10% after 4-year experiment, wheat grain carried much more Cu, Zn out than wheat straw, but it was opposite for Cr, As, Cd, Pb. The cumulative ratio of heavy metals carried by wheat decreased with the increasing level of SSC utilization. The amounts of heavy metals migrated to deeper soil should be considered when determining the environmental capacity of heavy metals in farmland soil.

The purpose of the present study is to explore the effect of aliskiren on the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) in AGT-REN double transgenic hypertensive (dTH) mice. The cultured CFs from AGT-REN dTH mice were divided into AGT-REN group (dTH) and aliskiren group (ALIS). Cultured CFs from C57B6 mice were served as control (WT). The effect of different concentration of aliskiren (1 × 10 -6 , 1 × 10 -7 , 1 × 10 -8 , 1 × 10 -9 mol/L) on CFs proliferation was determined by MTT assay. After treatment with 1 × 10 -7 mol/L aliskiren for 24 h, α-SMA, collagen I, III and NADPH oxidase (NOX) protein expression in CFs of AGT-REN dTH mice were detected by Western blot. The collagen synthesis in CFs was assessed by hydroxyproline kit. The expression of ROS was determined by DHE. Results showed that the blood pressure and plasma Ang II levels were significantly increased and CFs proliferation was significantly increased as well in AGT-REN dTH mice compared with WT group. However, aliskiren intervention decreased CFs proliferation, myofibroblast transformation, as well as the collagen I and III synthesis in CFs of AGT-REN dTH mice. Meanwhile, aliskiren inhibited ROS content and NOX2/NOX4 protein expression in CFs of AGT-REN dTH mice. These results suggest that aliskiren decreases the cell proliferation, myofibroblast transformation and collagen production in CFs of AGT-REN dTH mice, which might be through inhibition of oxidative stress response.

Thalassemia is the most common human hereditary hemolytic anemia. Due to splenomegaly and hypersp-lenism, splenectomy can be used as a means of treatment for thalassemia. Various complications following splenectomy, however, especially thromboembolic complications are remarkable. This review summarizes the incidence, clinical manifestations and development time of thromboembolism. The pathogenesis of thromboembolism after splenectomy in thalassemia, such as abnormal platelet number and function, changes in red cell membrane, endothelial cell damage, dysfunction of other procoagulant and anticoagulant factors, and local factors associated with splenectomy are elaborated and the trategies to prevent and treat the thromboembolic events in thalassemia after splenectomy, including the attention to risk factors associated with splenectomy, a reassessment of splenectomy, regular blood transfusion to reduce the ratio of abnormal red blood cells, treatment with anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs, application of hydroxyurea and stem cell transplantation are discussed.

Objective: To investigate the Effect of 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on calcium paradox-induced heart injury and its underlying mechanisms., Methods: Thirty-two adult male SD rats were randomized into 4 groups, namely the control group, BDM treatment control group, calcium paradox group, and BDM treatment group. Isolated Sprague Dawley male rat hearts underwent Langendorff perfusion and the left ventricular pressure (LVP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were monitored. Left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) was calculated to evaluate the myocardial performance. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content in the coronary flow was determined. Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to measure the infarct size, and myocardial cell apoptosis was tested with TUNEL method. Western blotting was used to determine the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome c., Results: Compared with the control group, BDM at 20 mmol/L had no effect on cardiac performance, cell death, apoptotic index or the content of LDH, cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome c at the end of perfusion under control conditions (P>0.05). Calcium paradox treatment significantly decreased the cardiac function and the level of LVDP and induced a larger infarct size (P<0.01), an increased myocardial apoptosis index (P<0.01), and up-regulated expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome c (P<0.01). BDM (20 mmol/L) significantly attenuated these effects induced by calcium paradox, and markedly down-regulated the levels of LVEDP and LDH (P<0.01), lowered myocardial apoptosis index, decreased the content of cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome c (P<0.01), increased LVDP, and reduced the infarct size (P<0.01)., Conclusion: BDM suppresses cell apoptosis and contracture and improves heart function and cell survival in rat hearts exposed to calcium paradox, suggesting the value of BDM as an potential drug for myocardial ischemia reperfusion injur.

Objective: To investigate the effect of brucea javanica oil emulsion on the invasiveness of glioma cells and hosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway., Methods: C6 glioma cells were treated by brucea javanica oil emulsion. The inhibition rate of glioma cells was detected by MTT, Western blot was used to detect protein expression levels of PI3K, AKT, and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in glioma cells. The number of the glioma cells migrated through polycarbonate membrane was detected by crystal violet staining method., Results: Brucea javanica oil emulsion inhibited PI3K, AKT, and NF-κB protein expression which reached the highest inhibition at 30 min, 60 min, and 120 min after brucea javanica oil emulsion, respectively. Maximum suppression on the proliferation of C6 glioma cells reached at 180 min after brucea javanica oil emulsion, while the number of glioma cells migrated through polycarbonate membrane was the least., Conclusion: Brucea javanica oil emulsion inhibit the proliferation and invasiveness of glioma cells, which may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signal pathway.

Objective: To investigate the correlation of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and precancerous lesion with HPV infection subtypes and possible clinical relationship., Method: Eighty-three cases in paraffin embedded tissues were detected with thirty seven HPV subtypes by flow-through hybridization and gene chip (HybriMax), including 31 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, 52 cases of precancerous lesions (29 cases of vocal cord leukoplakia and 23 cases of laryngeal papilloma), and 36 cases of vocal cord polyp as normal vocal mucosa were used as control., Result: The total positive rate of HPV was 19.4% in the group of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (6/31), 0 in vocal cord leukoplakia, 65.2% in laryngeal papilloma (15/23), and the control group were all negative, HPV virus subtype of HPV-positive laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were all high-risk HPV16; and there were 6 HPV virus subtypes in laryngeal papilloma (8: HPV6,4: HPV52, 1: HPV11, 1: HPV18, 2: HPV45, 3: HPV16), individual mixing two or more subtypes infection. HPV infection of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions has no statistically significant difference according to gender, high low-risk subtypes., Conclusion: HPV infection related to laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions, but no significant correlation with the subtype distribution of high and low risk; HPV detection is making positive sense to clinical diagnosis of laryngeal carcinoma and precancerous lesions as well as the development of specific HPV subtype vaccine.