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Objective: According to the formula provided by the TG43 report [AAPM TG43 (2004)] proposed by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) in 2004, we calculated the dose distribution around the radioactive iodine-125 particles, and verified the calculation accuracy of the radioactive iodine-125 particles treatment planning system. Methods: AAPM TG43 (2004) report provides two calculation methods when calculating the dose around a single radioactive source. The calculation method that does not consider the geometric structure of the radioactive source is called point source calculation method, and the calculation method that considers the geometric structure of the radioactive source is called line source calculation method. Assuming a single Amersham 6711 radioactive iodine-125 particle with an activity of 100 U, the following point doses were calculated according to the two calculation methods provided by AAPM TG43 (2004) report, at 0°, 90° directions, distances 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5 and 6 cm; In the direction of 45°, the doses at 0.71, 1.41, 2.12, 2.83, 3.54, 4.24, 4.95, 5.66, 6.36, 7.07, 7.78 and 8.49 cm. On the clinically used brachytherapy planning system variseeds 8.0, the above two calculation methods are used to calculate the corresponding activity and the dose around the corresponding type of radioactive iodine-125 particles, and the function of capturing points to templates built in the planning system is used to accurately find the above corresponding point position, using a single measurement of the above corresponding point dose; and comparation of the results were performed to see if there is a statistical difference. Results: The AAPM TG43 report uses point source calculation method to calculate the dose of single Amersham 6711 radioactive iodine-125 particles with activity of 100 U at 0° and 90° directions. The points with the same distance and the same dose are 8 082.18, 1 870.08, 756.58, 381.47, 217.11, 131.91, 86.55, 58.32, 39.97, 27.42, 19.74, 14.13 Gy, respectively, at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5 and 6 cm away from them. In the 45° direction, the doses at the distances of 0.71, 1.41, 2.12, 2.83, 3.54, 4.24, 4.95, 5.66, 6.36, 7.07, 7.78 and 8.49 cm are 3 957.37, 865.83, 329.99, 155.69, 84.10, 48.50, 28.49, 17.80, 11.37, 7.38, 4.98 and 3.39 Gy, respectively; For line source calculation method, radioactive particles are at the same distance as above. The doses at each point in the direction of 0° are 3 128.71, 755.44, 330.30, 180.53, 107.74, 68.56, 46.40, 32.22, 22.70, 16.00, 11.51, 8.24 Gy, respectively. The doses at each point in the direction of 90° are 8 306.46, 1 981.01, 802.74, 405.38, 230.60, 140.03, 91.83, 61.84, 42.36, 29.05, 20.91, 14.97 Gy; In the 45° direction, the dose at the corresponding distance as above is 4 020.78, 877.43, 333.49, 156.93, 84.69, 48.81, 28.65, 17.89, 11.42, 7.41, 4.99 and 3.40 Gy, respectively. The maximum dose difference (0.3%) between the two methods is 7.78 cm in the 45° direction, the maximum difference (-0.3%) between the two methods is 8.49 cm in the 45° direction, and the value of other sampling points is less than 0.3%. The closer the Amersham 6711 iodine-125 particles are to the source in the directions of 0°, 45°, and 90°, the faster the dose will drop, and the dose will drop gradually as the distance increases. Conclusion: The brachytherapy planning system variseeds 8.0 and the AAPM TG43 report calculate a maximum dose difference of 0.3%, which can accurately calculate the dose distribution around radioactive iodine-125 seeds, and provide a reliable tool for the clinical implementation of radioactive iodine-125 particles implantation for tumor treatment.

Objective: To explore the application value of 99 Tc m -diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) orbital single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) in staging evaluation of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Methods: A case-control study. A total of 40 patients with binocular TAO were recruited from May 2019 to December 2019 in the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University. According to the clinical activity score (CAS) standard, 40 TAO patients were divided into the active group (15 cases) and the inactive group (25 cases), and 10 healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. All subjects underwent 99 Tc m -DTPA orbital SPECT/CT examination, and each subject's CAS, reading results and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) were recorded. The Kruskal-Walis H test was used for the CAS comparison among the three groups. The analysis of variance was used for the SUVmax comparison among the three groups. The comparison between CAS and SUVmax before and after treatment was performed by paired samples Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired-sample t test, and Spearman correlation analysis was performed between SUVmax and CAS. The Kappa test was used to check the consistency between the reading result and CAS's judgment of TAO activity. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyze the diagnostic value of the reading results and SUVmax for TAO. Results: The age difference among the three groups was not statistically significant, and the gender difference was not statistically significant (all P >0.05). The difference in CAS among the three groups was statistically significant ( H =39.894; P <0.01). Patients with active TAO showed abnormal concentration and enhancement of nuclides in the orbital tissue, and the uptake of radionuclides was significantly increased, while patients with inactive TAO had a slight increase, and healthy volunteers had no significant or only mild uptake. The SUVmax of the active group (2.24±0.47) was highest, and that of the inactive group (1.57±0.43) was higher than the healthy control group (0.67±0.22). After pairwise comparison, there were statistical differences between groups (all P <0.05). According to Spearman correlation analysis, the SUVmax of all TAO patients was linearly, positively correlated with their CAS ( r =0.753; P <0.05). In assessing the clinical activity of TAO, the reading results were consistent with CAS (Kappa value=0.737; P <0.05). Taking the reading results as the standard, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of SUVmax was 0.992, and the threshold of SUVmax to distinguish between active and inactive periods was 1.850, with a sensitivity of 86.70% and a specificity of 76.00%. Taking CAS results as the standard, the AUC of SUVmax was 0.853, and the threshold of SUVmax to distinguish between active and inactive periods was 1.850, with a sensitivity of 100.00% and a specificity of 87.50%. Five patients had inconsistent SUVmax and CAS. The CAS was ≥3, but the orbits did not show any inflammatory lesions in two of them; the CAS was<3, but the orbits showed inflammatory lesions in three of them. Thirteen active TAO patients with 99 Tc m -DTPA orbital SPECT/CT showing significant accumulation of nuclides were given hormone shock therapy 12 times. After treatment, the CAS 2.00 (2.00) was lower than the pre-treatment 3.00 (1.50) score, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z =-3.100, P <0.01). The SUVmax after treatment (1.60±0.20) was lower than the pre-treatment value (2.17±0.34), and the difference was statistically significant ( t =10.197, P <0.01). Conclusion: 99 Tc m -DTPA orbital SPECT/CT can relatively accurately determine the state of orbital inflammation in patients with TAO, and can be used as a useful supplement to evaluate the clinical activity of TAO, helping to guide clinical treatment. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 830-836) .

Objective: To develop dexamethasone plus minocycline-loaded liposomes (Dex/Mino liposomes) and apply them to improve bioinert polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surface, which could prevent post-operative bacterial contamination, enhance ossification for physiologic osseointegration, and finally reduce implant failure rates., Methods: Dex/Mino liposomes were covalently grafted onto the PEEK surface using polydopamine (pDA) coating as a medium. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to confirm the binding of fluorescently labeled liposomes onto the PEEK substrate, and a microplate reader was used to semiquantitatively measure the average fluorescence intensity of fluorescently labeled liposome-decorated PEEK surfaces. Moreover, the mouse subcutaneous infection model and the beagle femur implantation model were respectively conducted to verify the bioactivity of Dex/Mino liposome-modified PEEK in vivo , by means of micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining analysis., Results: The qualitative and quantitative results of fluorescently labeled liposomes showed that, the red fluorescence intensity of the PEEK-pDA-lipo group was stronger than that of the PEEK-NF-lipo group ( P < 0.05); the liposomes were successfully and uniformly decorated on the PEEK surfaces due to the pDA coating. After mouse subcutaneous implantation of PEEKs for 24 hours, HE staining results showed that the number of inflammatory cells in the PEEK-Dex/Mino lipo group were lower than that in the inert PEEK group ( P < 0.05), indicating a lower degree of infection in the test group. These results suggested that the Mino released from the liposome-functionalized surface provided an effective bacteriostasis in vivo . After beagle femoral implantation of PEEK for 8 weeks, micro-CT results showed that the PEEK-Dex/Mino lipo group newly formed more continuous bone when compared with the inert PEEK group; HE staining results showed that more new bones were formed in the PEEK-Dex/Mino lipo group than in the inert PEEK group, which were firmly bonded to the functionalized PEEK surface and extended along the PEEK interface. These results suggested that the Dex released from the liposome-functionalized surface induced effective bone regeneration in vivo ., Conclusion: Dex/Mino liposome modification enhanced the bioactivity of inert PEEK, the functionalized PEEK with enhanced antibacterial and osseointegrative capacity has great potential as an orthopedic/dental implant material for clinical application.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation of gene polymorphisms of interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) rs11465817 and rs10489629 loci to susceptibility and clinical efficacy of recurrent oral ulcer (ROU)., Methods: A total of 150 ROU patients, who visited Stomatological Department of our hospital from January 2016 to December 2018, were selected as ROU group. A total of 150 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination at the same time in our hospital, were selected as healthy control group. Blood DNA was extracted from all subjects and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at sites of IL-23R rs11465817 and rs10489629 loci. The genotyping was determined by electrophoresis after enzymatic digestion of amplified products. Patients with ROU were treated with oral levamisole, vitamin C, vitamin B2 and cetylpyridnium chloride gargle. Ulcer area and pain index were used to evaluate the clinical efficacy before and in the first week after treatment. Correlation on gene polymorphisms of interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R) rs11465817 and rs10489629 loci to susceptibility and clinical efficacy of ROU was analyzed. SPSS 22.0 software package was used for statistical analysis of the data., Results: Genotyping distribution of IL-23R rs11465817 and il-23r rs10489629 loci in healthy control group met Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Distribution frequency of CC and CA genotypes of IL-23R rs11465817 loci in ROU group was significantly higher than that in healthy control group (P<0.05), and logistic regression analysis showed that ROU risk in patients with CC and CA genotypes was significantly higher (P<0.05). The genotyping frequency of IL-23R rs10489629 loci was not significantly different between both groups (P>0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that genotyping of IL-23R rs10489629 loci was not correlated with ROU sensitivity (P>0.05). The mean ulcer area and VAS score of ROU patients was significantly reduced after treatment (P<0.05). The ulcer area and VAS score in patients with IL-23R rs11465817 loci of AA genotype was significantly lower than that in patients with IL-23R rs11465817 loci of CC or CA genotype (P<0.05). Ulcer area and VAS score in patients with IL-23R rs10489629 locus of each genotype was not significantly different (P>0.05)., Conclusions: Polymorphism of IL-23R rs11465817 loci is probably related to susceptibility and clinical efficacy of ROU, while polymorphism of IL-23R rs 10489629 is not probably related to susceptibility and clinical efficacy of ROU. The results of this study need to be further validated by a clinical study with large sample size.

Objective: To compare the dosimetric data between preoperative plans and postoperative verification in computed tomography CT-guided and 3D printing template-assisted 125-iodine ((125)I) seed implantation for thorax movement tumor and to explore the feasibility and accuracy of the individualized template design method. Methods: A total of 35 patients, 20 males and 15 females with median age of 62 (17-87) years old, who registered from January 2016 to December 2017 applied with 3D printing guided template assisted radioactive seed implantations in Peking University Third Hospital were included in this study. (125)I seeds with a prescribed dose of 110-180 Gy were impanted. 3D printing templates were designed and produced for 35 cases. The dosimetric parameters: D(90), minimum peripheral dose (mPD), V(100), V(150), V(200), conformal index (CI), external index (EI), and homogeneity index (HI) were compared between pre-and post-plannings. Statistical method was two group of related non-parameters test. Results: The design and production of 35 cases' templates were in place well. Compared with the preoperative planning, the postoperative D(90), V(100), V(150), V(200), mPD, CI, EI and HI differences were 5.57%, 0.34%, 0.33%, -1.20%, 21%, 2.8%, -14.2%, 4.71%, -10.4%. All the included dosimetry parameters changed slightly after surgery compared with before surgery, but the difference was not statistically significant(all P> 0.05). Conclusions: The dosimetric parameters of postoperative verification are consistent well with the preoperative planning and have good accuracy, the results could meet the clinical requirements.

Objective: To investigate the effects of optical genetic techniques on new neurons through the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway., Methods: Neural stem cells (ESCs)were extracted from the cerebral cortex of fetal rat and transfected by lentivirus carrying DCX-ChR2-EGFP gene and the expression of DCX of newborn neurons differentiated from neural stem cells were observed. All cells were divided into 3 groups(n=9): control group, NSCs+EGFP and NSCs+ChR2 groups. The control group was normal cultured NSCs (NSCs group); the neural stem cells in NSCs+EGFP group were transfected with lentivirus carrying EGFP gene. The neural stem cells in NSCs+ChR2 group were infected with lentivirus carrying DCX-ChR2-EGFP gene. After 48 hours of lentivirus infection, 470 nm blue laser irradiation was performed for 3 consecutive days. NeuN + positive cell density(the maturation of neural stem cells)and the ratio of NeuN + /Hoechst in each group were observed. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of MAP2, NeuN, Neurog2, NeuroD1 and GluR2. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of β-catenin and TCF4 associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling channel. Verapamil (100 μmol/L, L-type calcium channel blockers) and Dkk1 (50 μg/ml, β-catenin inhibitor) were used to treat stem cells of the NSCs+ChR2 group and then the expressions of MAP2, NeuN, Neurog2, NeuroD1 and GluR were detected by Western blot., Results: After 3 days of 470 nm blue laser irradiation, NeuN + positive cell density(the maturation of neural stem cells)and the ratio of NeuN + /Hoechst, the expression levels of the protein MAP2, NeuN, Neurog2, NeuroD1, GluR and the protein β-catenin and TCF4 associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling channel detected by Western blot were significantly increased in the group of NSCs+ChR2, compared with NSCs and NSCs+EGFP groups. The expressions of MAP2, NeuN, Neurog2, NeuroD1 and GluR were remarkably decreased after treated by verapamil and Dkk1 in the group of NSCs+ChR2. It was proved that the opening of ChR2 channel producing cationic influx promoted the maturation of neural stem cells and induced by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway., Conclusion: Optical genetic promoted the maturation of newborn neurons through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Objective: To study the effect of exendin-4(Ex-4) on the differentiation of neural stem cells(NSCs) in adult mouse subventricular zone(SVZ)and its mechanism ., Methods: NSCs in the SVZ were derived from 5-week C57BL/6J mice and the expression of nestin was detected by immunofluorescence. The cell morphology was observed after the cells treatmed with 100 nmol/L Ex-4 for 14 days.The expressions of nestin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) were detected by immunofluorescence. GLP-1R was knocked down by using shRNA and the study was divided into four groups: control group, Ex-4 group, GLP-1R knockdown group, GLP-1R knockdown + Ex-4 group. After treatment with 100 nmol/L Ex-4 for 14 d, β-tublin III and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were labeled by immunofluorescence and then the proportion of β-tublin III positive cells were counted. Western blot was used to detect the activation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) in NSCs. In order to further study the effects of Ex-4 on mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K) pathways, the cells were pretreated with MAPK inhibitor U0126 at a concentration of 0.07 μmol/L for 30 min or PI3K inhibitor LY294002 at 50 μmol for 2 h, respectively. The study was divided into six groups: control group, Ex-4 group, U0126 group, U0126 + Ex-4 group, LY294002 group, LY294002 + Ex-4 group. The activation of CREB in each group was detected by Western blot. The experiment was repeated three times independently., Results: NSCs were successfully extracted from SVZ of C57BL/6J mice. Immunofluorescence showed that nestin and GLP-1R were positive in NSCs. Compared with the control group, the proportion of neurons differentiated from Ex-4 group was higher. The percentage of neurons in GLP-1R knockdown + Ex-4 group was basically the same as that in control group (P＜0.01). The positive cells of beta-tublin III showed positive activation of GLP-1R and CREB. Western blot showed that CREB was significantly activated in the Ex-4 group, and knockdown of GLP-1R abolished its activation (P＜0.01). U0126 did not affect Ex-4-mediated CERB activation, and LY294002 significantly reduced Ex-4-mediated CREB activation (P＜0.01)., Conclusion: Ex-4 promotes the differentiation of NSCs into neurons in SVZ of adult mice through GLP-1R receptor, which may be achieved through PI3K/CREB pathway.

Objective: To compare the difference of preoperative planning parameters between 3D-printing non-coplanar template (3D-PNCT) and 3D-printing coplanar template (3D-PCT) in the treatment of pelvic wall recurrent gynecological malignant tumor with radioactive seeds implantation, and to guide the clinical application. Methods: From January 2016 to March 2018, 33 patients with pelvic wall recurrent gynecological malignant tumor were treated with radioactive seeds implantation assisted by 3D-printing template and in Peking University Third Hospital. All patients underwent 3D-PNCT and 3D-PCT preoperative planning. The D(90) of target remained similar for the same patient. The parameters were compared with Wilcoxon test or Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: D(90) was similar between the two groups ( P> 0.05). The number of inserting needles through intestine and bone in 3D-PNCT group was less than that in 3D-PCT group (0 (0-13), 0 (0-25), Z=- 2.941, P< 0.05;0 (0-3), 0 (0-25), Z=- 2.232, P< 0.05). Conclusion: For patients with gynecological malignancies with pelvic recurrence, both of the two peroperative plans could achieve prescription dose, but 3D-PNCT is more safer.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of CT-guidance interstitial Iodine-125 seed brachytherapy as a salvage therapy for recurrent head and neck carcinoma. Methods: A total of 122 patients who had been treated for recurrent head and neck carcinoma with CT-guided Iodine-125 seed permanent implantation were conducted a retrospective analysis at Peking University Third Hospital from February 2003 to December 2015. The study included 78 male and 44 female patients. Of the 122 patients, 76 had undergone radical surgery, 106 had received EBRT. Among the patients who underwent EBRT, the total dose delivered to PTV ranged from 30 to 140 Gy (median, 68.4 Gy). The actuarial median number of the implanted Iodine-125 seeds was 38 (range, 5-158). The specific activity of Iodine-125 seeds ranged from 14.8 to 28.9 MBq/seed (median, 22.2 MBq). The evaluation of post plan showed the actuarial D90 ranged from 46 to 282 Gy (median, 121 Gy). The overall local control and survival times were determined by using the Kaplan - Meier method from SPSS 13.0.Univariate analysis was performed on the local control rate and overall survival rate. Results: Tumor responses rate was 75.4%. The median local control time was 10.0 months (95% CI 9.8-24.2 months), and the 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year local control were 41.9%, 21.2%, 3.7%, and 3.7%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the local control in D90≥120 Gy group had an increasing tendency, but no statistical difference were found. The effect of local control in the squamous cell carcinoma group was slightly worse than that in the non-squamous cell carcinoma group ( P =0.032). Multi-factor analysis showed that the effect of local control in the squamous cell carcinoma group was slightly poor ( P =0.03). The median survival time was 14 months (95% CI 14.4-35.8 months), and the 1-, 2-, 3- and 5-year survival rate were 51.5%, 34.2%, 19.4%, and 19.4%, respectively. The three factors, such as the tumor responses, KPS status before the seed implantation, and the D90 after the seed implantation, had a tendency to improve the total survival, but there was still no statistical differences. Multivariate analysis showed no clear influence factors. Conclusions: Interstitial permanent Iodine-125 seed implantation is an effective salvage re-irradiation modality for recurrent head and neck carcinoma after previous surgery and/or EBRT. CT image-guided method could yield the reliable seeds configuration and accurate dose distribution.

Objective: To investigate the dosimetric distribution characteristics of (125)I seed stents with different seed spacing, diameter and length, as well as different (125)I seed activity. The dosimetry table of (125)I seed esophageal stent was derived to provide dosimetry for its clinical application. Methods: The self-expanding coated esophagus stent was designed to carry radioactive (125)I seeds with different length, diameter and seed spacing. A cylindrical organic glass model (Thickness 0.8 cm, diameter 20 cm, height 20 cm) was fixed vertically to a cylindrical organic glass containing a solid paraffin (analytical pure) solution. After paraffin cooling and solidification, CT scan was used to transmit image information to TPS. With the center of the bracket as a dot, the cumulative dose at a distance of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 8.0 cm away from the dot was simulated respectively in 0° and 9° direction. Results: The radial cumulative dose with the seed spacing which was 1.0 and 1.5 cm were different by 4.8%, 5.8%, 7.2%, 8.0%, 8.6% and 13.3% respectively under the exposure of 18.5, 22.2, 25.9, 29.6, 33.3 and 37.0 MBq. When the seed spacing was the same as the length of the stent, the radial cumulative dose with the stent which diameter was 1.3, 2.0, 2.4 cm were different by 4.9% vs 3.4%, 4.7% vs 3.8%, 5.4% vs 6.6%, 4.5% vs 5.3%, 4.7% vs 4.8%, 4.8% vs 5.4% respectively under the exposure of 18.5, 22.2, 25.9, 29.6, 33.3 and 37.0 MBq. When the seed spacing was the same as the diameter of the stent, the radial cumulative dose with the stent which length was 8, 12, 16 cm were different by 1.9% vs 1.2%, 1.7% vs 0.8%, 1.6% vs 1.3%, 1.9% vs 1.5%, 1.7% vs 1.8%, 1.6% vs 1.3% respectively under the exposure of 18.5, 22.2, 25.9, 29.6, 33.3 and 37.0 MBq. Conclusions: The radial cumulative dose of the (125)I seed stent is positively correlated with the activity of the radioactive seeds, Which means the dose rate of a certain point of the (125)I seed stent increase with the increase of the activity of the radioactive seeds. The stent of the (125)I radioactive seeds is negatively correlated with the distance, the dose rate of the (125)I seed stents decrease rapidly with the increase of distance.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship of dosimetry parameters and efficacy of (125)I seeds implantation for pelvic recurrent cervical cancer (PRCC) after external beam radiotherapy(EBRT) under CT guidance. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on 30 PRCC patients after EBRT in Peking University Third Hospital with (125)I seeds implantation under CT guidance. Postoperative plans were made to evaluate the dosimetric parameters. Kaplan - Meier method was used to calculate local progression free survival (LPFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate, and Log - rank test and Cox regression were used for univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: The 1-year and 2-year LPFS rate was 39.4% and 22.5%, respectively. The 1-year and 2-year OS rate was 57.3% and 27.4%, respectively. On postoperative plan, D(90) was (132±47) Gy, D(100) was (51±24) Gy, V(100) was 88%±10%, V(150)was 69%±15%, V(200) was 51%±18%.LPFS time would be longer while D(90) ≥105 Gy or D(100) ≥ 55 Gy or V(100) ≥ 91% (all P <0.05). D(100) was significantly related to LPFS ( P <0.05). But these dosimetry parameters got no effect on OS. Conclusions: LPFS time of (125)I seeds implantation for PRCC after EBRT under CT guidance would be longer when D(90)≥105 Gy or D(100)≥ 55 Gy, or V(100)≥ 91%. D(100) is an independent factor related to LPFS.

Objective: to investigate the clinical characteristics and disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with hyperuricemia. Method: Laboratory tests, magnetic resonance imaging, disease activity and functional index of AS patients from Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital were collected. T test, square test were applied to investigate the difference between AS patients with hyperuricemia and AS patients with normal serum uric acid in clinical characteristics and disease activity in AS patients. Result: Among all the AS patients, 23.4% (22/94) patients accompanied with hyperuricemia. AS patients accompanied with hyperuricemia showed significant younger age (28.9±7.9 vs 35.8±11.1, P =0.002); higher serum alanine aminotransferase (33.6±23.6 vs 19.8±12.4, P =0.014), aspartate aminotransferase (23.8±8.7 vs 18.6±9.6, P =0.025) and creatinine (78.4±12.5 vs 69.8±13.3, P =0.009), lower Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) (11.2±8.8 vs 17.9±12.0, P =0.027) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) (0.7±0.9 vs 1.8±2.2, P =0.002) compared with AS patients whose serum uric acid level is normal. Conclusion: AS Patients with younger age, impaired hepatic and renal funtion and lower scores in BASDAI and BASFI tend to accompany with hyperuricemia.

Objective: This study aimed to compare dexmedetomidine with remifentanil for conscious sedation in patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Sixty patients, who were aged 41 to 73 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status Ⅰ-Ⅱ, and scheduled for elective radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma under conscious sedation in National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, from January 2014 to June 2016, were allocated randomly to receive dexmedetomidine maintenance regimen(group D, n =30)or remifentanil maintenance regimen(group R, n =30)by random digital table. Subjects in group D received dexmedetomidine at a loading dose of 0.5 μg/kg over 10 min followed by 0.2-1.0 μg·kg(-1)·h(-1) infusion until Ramsay sedation scale reached 3-4. Patients in group R received a loading dose of remifentanil 1 μg/kg followed by remifentanil 4-10 μg·kg(-1)·h(-1) infusion and propofol 1-2 mg·kg(-1)·h(-1) infusion until Ramsay sedation scale reached 3-4. Haemodynamic variables, respiratory rate(RR), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO(2))and numeric rating scales(NRS) in each group were collected at entrance(T(0)), puncturing(T(1)), 15 min after beginning of radiofrequency ablation(T(2)), the end of radiofrequency ablation(T(3)) and 30 min after operation(T(4)). Efficacy of anesthesia, incidences of intraoperative respiratory depression, postoperative nausea and vomiting, patient and surgeon satisfaction were evaluated. Results: Compared with group D, the arterial blood pressure and heart rate at T(2) [(92.2±15.7)mmHg vs (102.4±16.7)mmHg, (69.7±15.3) beats/min vs (79.4±17.7) beats/min] and respiratory rate at T(1), T(2) and T(3) [(10.1±1.9) breaths/min vs(12.3±1.7) breaths/min, (10.8±1.5) breaths/min vs(13.6±1.6) breaths/min, (13.4±1.6) breaths/min vs(14.5±1.4)breaths/min] were significantly lower in group R ( t =-2.437, -2.271, -4.726, -6.993, -2.834, all P <0.05). With less sulfentanil consumption(23.2±8.3)μg vs( 35.5±11.7)μg, group R got less NRS at T(2) and T(3)(2.4±1.1) vs(3.5±1.2), (2.4±1.3) vs(3.6±1.1), and higher NRS at T(4)(3.4±1.1) vs( 2.1±0.9) than group D( t =-4.696, -3.701, -3.860, 5.010, all P <0.05). Compared with group R, the incidence of intraoperative respiratory depression was significantly lower (23.3% vs 56.7%)and the incidence of inadequate anesthesia(20% vs 0) was significantly higher in group D(χ(2)=5.625, 4.630, both P <0.05). Conclusion: Both dexmedetomidine and remifentanil can be successfully used for conscious sedation in patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Remifentanil maintenance regimen provides better intraoperative analgesia and operative condition, while dexmedetomidine is superior to remifentanil in reducing intraoperative respiratory depression and postoperative pain.

Objective: To compare the dosimetric differences between volumetric modulated arc therapy and intensity modulated radiotherapy for breast cancer patients after breast-conserving surgery., Methods: Ten patients who received radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery were selected. Eclipse planning system was used to design volumetric rotating intensity-modulated (2F-RapidArc) and two field intensity-modulated radiation therapy (2F-IMRT) planning for each patient. 2F-RapidArc plans were made using two partial arcs with gantry rotation from 287°-293° to 152°-162°, and 0° to 90 ° was avoidance sector. The gantry angle of 2F-IMRT were 301°-311° and 125°-135°. The prescription dose was 46 Gy/23 fractions. All plans required 95% of the target volume receiving the prescription dose. The dose distribution of the target, organs at risk, machine unit (MU) and treatment time were compared., Results: 2F-RapidArc and 2F-IMRT plans' uniformity index was 1.12±0.02 and 1.11±0.03 (P=0.282), respectively; conformal index was 0.80±0.03 and 0.65±0.04 (P<0.001), respectively. V110 of plan target volume was 20.98%±14.47% and 10.43%±10.49% (P=0.030), respectively. Compared with the 2F-IMRT, 2F-RapidArc plans had a higher dosimetric parameters for left lung: V5 (48.06%±17.32% vs. 24.23%±6.56%,P=0.001), V10 (28.89±9.28 vs.17.07±4.78%,P=0.004), Dmean [(9.70±2.14) Gy vs. (6.86±1.77) Gy, P=0.002], increased the double lung: V5 (22.85%±7.55% vs. 11.01%± 2.95%,P=0.001), V10 (13.16%±4.33% vs. 7.76%± 2.16%, P=0.006), Dmean [(4.66±0.95) Gy vs. (3.17±0.82) Gy, P=0.001], reduced the left lung: V40 (3.58%±1.46% vs. 6.19%±3.04%, P=0.006), reduced the double lung: V40 (1.61%±0.64% vs. 2.81%± 1.39%,P=0.005), increased cardiac: V5 (39.3%±17.19% vs. 8.79%±4.24%, P<0.001), V10 (21.31%±13.8% vs. 5.73%±3.42%, P=0.002), V20 (7.80%±6.08% vs. 4.05%±2.85%,P=0.018), Dmean [(0.64±0.25) Gy vs. (0.29±1.39) Gy,P<0.001],reduced the heart: V40(0.50%±0.40% vs. 1.86%±1.94%,P=0.037),increased the contralateral breast Dmean [(1.63±1.26) Gy vs. (0.09±0.05) Gy, P=0.004]. Compared with 2F-IMRTplan, 2F-RapidArc increased the treatment time [(132.9±7.2) s vs. (140.3±11.6) s, P=0.030]. Both the machine units were almost the same [(467.0±30.4) MU vs. (494.7±44.9) MU, P=0.094]., Conclusion: Both 2F-RapidArc and 2F-IMRT plans could reach the clinical requirements. 2F-RapidArc had a better conformal index, reduced the high dose area, but increased the low dose regions of the lung, heart, body area, and increased the average dose of the contralateral breast. The treatment time of 2F-RapidArc was longer than that of 2F-IMRT, and the MU of 2F-RapidArc and 2F-IMRT plans were almost the same.

Objective: To investigate the effects of remifentanil infusion on emergence and recovery characteristics of patients with thoracoscopic lobectomy following general anaesthesia with sevoflurane. Methods: One hundred patients, who were aged 37 to 65 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1-2, and scheduled for elective thoracoscopic lobectomy under general anaesthesia in National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, from February 2016 to August 2016, were allocated to receive sevoflurane maintenance regimen(group S, n =50)or sevoflurane/remifentanil maintenance regimen(group SR, n =50)by random digital table. After routine induction and intubation, anaesthesia was maintained with 2% sevoflurane in group S and 1.5% sevoflurane/remifentanil(continuous intravenous injection at rate of 4 μg·kg(-1)·h(-1))coadministration in group SR respectively, with intermittent intravenous infusion of sulfentanil. Haemodynamic variables were collected at different time points and compared between two groups. Awaking time and extubation time, incidences of serious coughing and agitation were evaluated during emergence.Postoperative pain, nausea and cather-related bladder discomfort(CRBD)were evaluated in post anesthesia care unit. Results: Compared with group S, the arterial blood pressure and heart rate were significantly lower in group SR at extubation(all P <0.05). Time to awaking and to extubation in group SR were (4.2±2.1) min and (4.8±3.1)min respectively, in group S were (12.7±3.4) min and (15.4±4.1)min.The difference between two groups were statistically significant ( t =-15.040, 14.582, all P <0.05). The incidences of serious coughing and agitation in group S were 48% and 58%, which were greater than those of group SR(6% and 10%). The difference were statistically significant(χ(2)=20.294, 23.574, all P <0.05). The NRS and incidence of complaining CRBD were similar in both groups(all P >0.05). Conclusion: Compared with sevoflurane maintenence, coadministration of remifentanil and sevoflurane maintenance regimen provides better emergence and recovery which are characterized by faster awakening and extubation with a lower incidence of emergence coughing and agitation.

Objective: To compare the post-implant target volumes and dosimetric evaluation with pre-plan, the gross tumor volume(GTV) by CT image fusion-based and the manual delineation of target volume in CT guided radioactive seeds implantation. Methods: A total of 10 patients treated under CT-guidance (125)I seed implantation during March 2016 to April 2016 were analyzed in Peking University Third Hospital.All patients underwent pre-operative CT simulation, pre-operative planning, implantation seeds, CT scanning after seed implantation and dosimetric evaluation of GTV.In every patient, post-implant target volumes were delineated by both two methods, and were divided into two groups. Group 1: image fusion pre-implantation simulation and post-operative CT image, then the contours of GTV were automatically performed by brachytherapy treatment planning system; Group 2: the contouring of the GTV on post-operative CT image were performed manually by three senior radiation oncologists independently. The average of three data was sets. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software, version 3.2.0. The paired t -test was used to compare the target volumes and D(90) parameters in two modality. Results: In Group 1, average volume of GTV in post-operation group was 12-167(73±56) cm(3). D(90) was 101-153 (142±19)Gy. In Group 2, they were 14-186(80±58)cm(3) and 96-146(122±16) Gy respectively. In both target volumes and D(90), there was no statistical difference between pre-operation and post-operation in Group 1.The D(90) was slightly lower than that of pre-plan group, but there was no statistical difference ( P =0.142); in Group 2, between pre-operation and post-operation group, there was a significant statistical difference in the GTV ( P =0.002). The difference of D(90) was similarly ( P <0.01). Conclusion: The method of delineation of post-implant GTV through fusion pre-implantation simulation and post-operative CT scan images, the contours of GTV are automatically performed by brachytherapy treatment planning system appears to have improved more accuracy, reproducibility and convenience than manual delineation of target volume by maximum reduce the interference from artificial factor and metal artifacts. Further work and more cases are required in the future.

Objective: To compare the immunomodulatory effects of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell (hAMSCs) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) on peripheral blood T lymphocytes in an in vitro co-culture system., Methods: hAMSCs and hBMSCs isolated using enzymatic digestion and Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient centrifugation, respectively, were culture-expanded in vitro to obtain the 4th-generation cells. The two MSCs were co-cultured separately with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA-PBMSC) to investigate the changes in T lymphocyte subsets using flow cytomety and the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-10 by the T lymphocytes using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)., Results: Co-culture with either hAMSCs or hBMSCs significantly increased the proportions of Treg, Th2 and Tc2 and decreased Th1 and Tc1 cell subsets in the PBMCs as compared with the PBMCs cultured alone (P<0.05), and the changes in the PBMCs were similar between the two co-culture systems (P>0.05). In both of the two co-culture systems, IL-2 production by the lymphocytes was significantly lowered (P<0.05) and IL-10 production was significantly increased (P<0.05) as compared with their levels in the PBMCs cultured alone; no significant difference was found in IL-2 or IL-10 levels between the two co-culture systems (P>0.05)., Conclusion: The MSCs derived from human amnion and bone marrow have similar immunomodulatory effects on the T lymphocytes, suggesting the possibility of using hAMSCs in the treatment of graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Objective: To compare the dose distributions of postoperative plans with preoperative plans for seeds implantations of paravertebral/retroperitoneal tumors assisted by 3D printing guide template and CT guidance, explore the effects of the technology for seeds implantations in dosimetry level and provide data support for the optimization and standardization in seeds implantation. Methods: Between December 2015 and July 2016, a total of 10 patients with paravertebral/retroperitoneal tumors (12 lesions) received 3D printing template assist radioactive seeds implantations in department of radiation oncology of Peking University Third Hospital, and included in the study. The diseases included cervical cancer, kidney cancer, abdominal stromal tumor, leiomyosarcoma of kidney, esophageal cancer and carcinoma of ureter. The prescribed doses was 110-150 Gy. All patients received preoperative planning design, individual template design and production, and the dose distribution of postoperative plan was compared with preoperative plan. Dose parameters including D(90), MPD, V(100), V(150,)conformal index(CI), EI of target volume and D(2cc) of organs at risk (spinal cord, aorta, kidney). Statistical software was SPSS 19.0 and statistical method was non-parameters Wilcoxon symbols test. Results: A total of 10 3D printing templates were designed and produced which were including 12 treatment areas.The mean D(90) of postoperative target area (GTV) was 131.1 (97.8-167.4 Gy) Gy. The actual seeds number of post operation increased by 3 to 12 in 5 cases (42.0%). The needle was well distributed. For postoperative plans, the mean D(90,)MPD, V(100,)V(150) was 131.1 Gy, 69.3 Gy, 90.2% and 65.2%, respectively, and which was 140.2 Gy, 65.6 Gy, 91.7% and 26.8%, respectively, in preoperative plans. This meant that the actual dose of target volume was slightly lower than preplanned dose, and the high dose area of target volume was larger than preplanned range, but there was no statistical difference in P value between the two groups except V(150)( P =0.004). The actual dose conformity of target volume was worse than preplanned (CI was 0.58 and 0.62, respectively) and the difference was statistically significant( P =0.019). The actual dose of external target volume was higher than preplanned (EI was 55% and 45.9%, respectively) and the difference had no significance. For organs at risk, the actual mean D(2cc) of spinal cord, aorta and kidney was 24.7, 54.4 and 29.7 Gy, respectively, which was higher than preplanned(20.6, 51.6 and 28.6 Gy, respectively), and there was no significant difference in two groups. Conclusions: Most parameters of postoperative validations for 3D printing template assisted seeds implantation in paravertebral/retroperitoneal are closed to the expectations of preoperative plans which means the improvement of accuracy in treatment.

Invasion and metastasis are key factors contributing to the high mortality rate of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) involving a complex mechanism. In the invasion and metastasis of HCC, miRNAs can serve as either oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes to regulate the differentiation and proliferation of tumor cells being and play important roles in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. This review summarizes the recent progress in research of the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs targeting GSK-3β regulate HCC invasion and metastasis and examines the roles of miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and GSK-3β regulation.

Objective: To analyze the difference of dosimetric parameters between pre-plan and post-plan of 125 I radioactive seed implantation assisted by 3D printing individual non-coplanar template (3D printing template) for locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC). Methods: From February 2016 to April 2016, a total of 10 patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer received 125 I seeds implantation under CT guidance assisted by 3D printing template in Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking University Third Hospital.Each patient underwent CT simulation, three-dimentional treatment planning pre-implantation, 3D printing template design, radioactive seed implantation assisted by 3D printing template and dosimetric verification post implantation. The median activity of seed was 0.63 mCi (0.58 to 0.7 mCi) (2.15- 2.59×10 7 Bq), and the median number of seeds was 80 (19 to 192). D 90 , D 100 , V 100 , V 150 , CI, EI, HI, D 5cc , D 2cc of bladder and bowel of pre-plan and post-plan were calculated, respectively.Paired t test was used to evaluate the difference of dosimetric parameters between pre-plan and post-plan. Results: The median D 90 of pre-plan and post-plan were 13 761.0 and 12 798.8 cGy, respectively.The median D 100 of pre-plan and post-plan were 5 293.6 and 5 397.9 cGy, respectively.The median V 100 of pre-plan and post-plan were 90.0% and 90.0%, respectively.The median V 150 of pre-plan and post-plan were 63.8% and 62.4%, respectively.The median CI of pre-plan and post-plan were 0.73 and 0.67.The median EI of pre-plan and post-plan were 0.22 and 0.30, respectively. The median HI of pre-plan and post-plan were 0.29 and 0.31.The median bladder D 2cc of pre-plan and post-plan were 3 088.8 and 4 240.4 cGy, respectively.The median bowel D 2cc of pre-plan and post-plan were 7 051.6 and 7 903.9 cGy, respectively. Conclusions: 3D printing template might be helpful for locally recurrent rectal cancer patients who received 125 I radioactive seed implantation assisted by 3D printing individual template.Seed implantation might have more chances to achieve prescription dose and dose limitation of organs at risk of pre-plan, which is important for precise implantation and quality control.

Objective To observe the possible mechanism of Biejiajian Pill (BP) in fighting a- gainst hepatic fibrosis of hepatic stellate cell T6 ( HSC-T6) by studying effect of BP containing serum on inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis of HSC-T6. Methods Forty Wistar rats were randomly di- vided into the negative control group (NC) , the positive drug control group (P) , high, middle, and low dose groups (H, M, L) , 8 in each group. BP suspension was administered by gastrogavage to rats in Group H, M, L at 21. 87, 43. 75, and 87. 50 mg/mL, respectively. Rats in Group NC were administered with equal volume of normal saline. Rats in Group P were administered with 0. 01 mg/mL colchicine solu- tion by gastrogavage. Each rat received 2 mL corresponding solution, twice per day, with an interval of 12 h gastrogavage, a total of 7 successive times to prepare drug containing serum. HSC-T6 cells were then randomly divided into drug containing serum groups (group H/M/L/NC) , colchicine positive control group (group P) , and the blank control group (BC). Cells in Group H/M/L/NC/P were fed with correspond- ing drug containing serums, while those in-Group BC were cultured with free drug serum. The proliferation inhibition rate of HSC-T6 was detected using CCK8 method at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The apop- totic rate and cell cycle were detected using flow cytometry. Protein expressions of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were detected using Western blot. Results Compared with Group NC, 24-h proliferation inhibition rate of HSC-T6 was obviously elevated in Group M, H, P (P < 0. 05). Compared with Group NC, 48- and 72-h proliferation inhibition rate of HSC-T6 was obviously ele- vated in Group L, M, H, P (P <0. 05). But there was no statistical difference in 24-, 48-, and 72-h prolif- eration inhibition rate of HSC-T6 among Group L, M, H, P (P >0. 05). Compared with Group NC and BC, early-and late-stage apoptosis rates of HSC-T6 obviously increased in Group M, H, P (P<0. 05) ; G,/G1 phase cell number obviously increased in Group M, H, P (P <0. 05) ; S phase and G2/M phase cell num- bers obviously decreased in Group L, M, H, P (P <0. 05). There was no statistical difference in Bcl-2 protein expression among each group (P>0. 05). Compared with Group NC, Bax protein expression ob- viously increased Group L, M, H, P (P <0. 01). Conclusion The mechanism of BP for fighting against hepatic fibrosis might be associated with inhibiting proliferation of HSC-T6 and inducing apoptosis.

Objective: To compare the biological characteristics and immunosuppressive activity between human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSC) and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMMSC)., Methods: MSC from human amnion and bone marrow were isolated using enzymatic digestion and Ficoll-Hypaque density gradients, respectively. Their biological characteristics were compared by morphology, cell growth curves, cell cycle profile analysis, immunophenotype and immunofluorescence assay. Their immunosuppressive activities were studied on total activated T-cells with phytohemagglutinin (PHA-PBMSC). An in vitro co-culture was performed to compared the lymphocyte proliferation and the supernatant level of IFN-γ were measured by CCK-8 method and ELISA, respectively., Results: Both hAMSC and hBMMSC demonstrated fibroblast-like morphology. The hAMSC were able to be amplified for at least 15 passages, while the hBMMSC only for 6-7 passages. There was no significant difference in the proportion of G2/M phase cells of the 2 cells types (P>0.05). By FACS analysis for immunophenotype, both MSC were shown to be positive for CD105, CD90, CD73 and negative for CD34, CD45, CD11b, CD19, HLA-DR, but hAMSC were positive for Oct-3/4, which was in contrast to hBMMSC. Both of them expressed vimentin. Both the cells exhibited a inhibitory role on the lymphocyte proliferation induced by PHA in co-culture conditions, that was increased with the increase MSC proportion and both the suppressing effecs were enhanced. The supernatant IFN-γ levels of hAMSC co-cultured with lymphocyte at a ratio of 1:1 after 72 hours were measured by ELISA, and the level of IFN-γ was significantly lower than that in the same co-culture system of hBMMSC. In contrast to the IFN-γ in the PHA-stimulated group, the IFN-γ level in both co-culture groups was significantly lower., Conclusion: MSC from amnion displayed a higher proliferative capacity and stem cell properties, compared with hBMMSC. Both MSC can inhibit lymphocyte proliferation and suppress IFN-γ secretion induced by PHA in vitro.

Objective: To study the surface radial dose distribution of different length radioactive biliary stents in different activity of (125)I seeds by treatment planning system., Methods: After a radioactive biliary stent was positioned in measurement phantom, which were made of solid paraffin and polymethyl methacrylate, a CT scan was performed to get the stent images. The images were then transferred to the treatment planning system for planning. The maximum dose level slice nearest to the center of the stent was selected to calculate the surface radial dose distribution., Results: The length of the stents (F=3 189.160, P<0.01) and the activity of the (125)I seeds (F= 811.509, P<0.01) can both significantly affect the cumulative radial dose distribution of the radioactive stent. Radial cumulative dose dose (Gy), stent length (cm), (125)I seeds activity (mCi) and distance from the stent surface (cm) meet the regression equation: ln dose =2.565+ 0.208 length+ 1.502 activity-0.738 distance (F=4 929.279, P<0.05)., Conclusions: The choice of suitable activity of radioactive (125)I should be based on treatment purpose in combination with the length and diameter of lesion and also with reference to the dose table. The measurement results are with smaller uncertainty, which can provide reference for the clinical application of dosimetry.

Objective: To explore the molecular mechanism by which Biejiajian pills inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma in a nude mouse model bearing HepG2 cell xenograft., Methods: The inhibitory effect of Biejiajian pills on the growth of HepG2 cell xenograft in nude mice was observed. Immunohistochemical method was used to examine proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in HepG2 cell xenograft, and TUNEL method was employed to detect the cell apoptosis; the expression levels of β-catenin and Tbx3 were measured by Western blotting., Results: Biejiajian pills significantly suppressed the growth of HepG2 cell xenograft in nude mice. The tumor-bearing mice treated with a high and a moderate dose of Biejiajian pills showed significantly increased apoptosis rate of the tumor cells [(22.9±1.220)% and (14.7±0.50)%, respectively] compared with the control group [(5.5±0.90)%, P<0.05]. Treatment with Biejiajian pills significantly decreased the expressions of PNCA, β-catenin, and Tbx3 in the cell xenograft (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Biejiajian pills can inhibit the growth of HepG2 cell xenograft in nude mice and promote tumor cell apoptosis possibly by inhibiting PNCA expression and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of root canal therapy (RCT) of maxillary first molars and the relevant influential factors., Methods: A total of 170 maxillary first molars undergoing endodontic treatment were retrospectively studied. 100 molars were treated with vertical compaction technique (VCT) using warm gutta- percha under dental operating microscope (DOM), while 70 molars with traditional lateral compaction technique (LCT) under naked eyes. All patients were asked to revisit 5 years later and 5-year success rate was evaluated. Reversion 3.0.2 software package was used to analyze the data., Results: The immediate high quality rates of RCT of VCT and LCT were 91% and 75.7%, respectively, which has significant difference (P<0.05). After 5 years, VCT kept high quality rate of RCT, while the high quality rate of RCT with LCT dropped from 75.7% to 68.6%. The 5-year clinical success rates of RCT with VCT and LCT were 98% and 81.4%, respectively; which had significant difference (P<0.05)., Conclusions: VCT has excellent clinical effect in RCT of maxillary first molars. The use of DOM can increase the detection rate of the second mesiobuccal canal (MB2).

To explore the adaptability of plant under salt stress to crude oil pollution of soil and improvement measures, a pot experiment of Helianthus annuus seedlings was conducted using orthogonal experiment method with crude oil-sodium chloride-desulfurization gypsum and cinder-zeolite-desulfurization gypsum-sawdust. The results showed that, with the increase of soil crude oil concentration, the relative growth rate (RGR) of plant height, RGR of aboveground biomass and root N: P ratios of H. annuus seedlings decreased significantly, while the activity of SOD and CAT increased at first and then decreased significantly. The RGR of plant height and aboveground biomass significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the activity of SOD decreased gradually with the increase of the volume fraction of sawdust, indicating that sawdust had the most significant effect in comparison with cinder, zeolite, desulfurization gypsum under salinization condition. The crude oil pollution of soil could decrease the relative growth rate of H. annuus seedling, and sawdust could reduce the influence of crude oil pollution on plant growth under salt stress.

Objective: To explore the mechanisms of acupuncture treatment promoting the motor function recovery of neonate rats with cerebral palsy., Methods: The improved hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) means was performed to establish the model of neonate rats with cerebral palsy. All neonate rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham group, model group and acupuncture group (n = 20). We observed and scored motor function of rats, measured the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum, and also measured the expression of synaptophysin (SYP) and growth associated protein-43 (GAP-43) in the diseased region of cerebral tissue., Results: The motor function scores (11.3 +/- 0.29) and the serum level of SOD (147.1 +/- 12.7) U/ml in acupuncture treatment group were higher than those of model group ( P < 0.05). The serum level of MDA was lower in acupuncture treatment group than that of model group (P < 0.05). The expression of SYP and GAP-43 in the diseased region of cerebral tissue of acupuncture treatment group were higher than those of model group ( P < 0.05) ., Conclusion: Acupuncture-therapy could improve the motor function of neonate rats with cerebral palsy by decreasing the content of MDA in serum, increasing the contents of SOD in serum, and prolonging the upregulation of SYP and GAP-43 expressions in hmin tissue.

Objective: To simulate the chemical microenvironment of injured brain tissue, and to explore the effect of this chemical microenvironment on temperature sensitive umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (tsUC)., Methods: Rat models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) were made by fluid percussion injury, and then the brain tissue extracts of the injured regions were acquired. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC) were isolated and cultured, and the tsUC were obtained through the infection of temperature-sensitive Simian 40 Large T- antigen (ts-SV40LT) retrovirus. After that, both the two kinds of cells were cultured on the polyacrylamide gels which mimicking the elastic modulus of brain. Four groups were included: UC cultured under normal temperature (UC group), UC cultured added brain tissue extract under normal temperature (UC plus extract group), tsUC cultured under mild hypothermia (tsUC group), and tsUC added brain tissue extract under mild hypothermia for 3 days, then normal temperature for 4 days (tsUC plus extract group). After 24 hours, the apoptosis level was checked. Cell growth and morphological changes in each group were given dynamic observation. Seven days later, cell immunofluorescences were implemented for examining neural differentiation level., Results: Compared with UC plus extract group, the apoptosis and proliferation in UC plus extract group were significantly reduced (P < 0.01) and increased (P < 0.01) respectively. Cell immunofluorescence showed that the both GFAP and Neuron positive cells were significantly enhanced in UC plus extract group than those in tsUC plus extract group., Conclusion: tsUC combining with mild hypothermia could significantly reverse injury induced cell apoptosis, improve cell proliferation and neural differentiation under chemical microenvironment after brain injury, which confirmed the adaptation and resistance of tsUC under mild hypothermia after TBI.

Objective: To investigate the influence of therapeutic bloodletting at Jing-well points and hypothermia on acute cerebral edema after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats., Methods: Seventy-five SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group (Sham), TBI group (TBI), bloodletting group (BL), mild-induced hypothermia group (MIH), and bloodletting plus MIH group (BL + MIH) (n = 15). The model of TBI was established by electric controlled cortical impactor (eCCI). The rats of BL group were bloodletting at Jing-well points immediately after injury, twice daily. While the MIH group was settled on a hypothermia blanket promptly after TBI for 6 hours, so that the temperature dropped to 32 degrees. Each of measurement was performed after 48 hours. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to evaluate the dynamic impairment of cerebral edema after TBI (n = 3). In addition, mNSS score, measurements of wet and dry brain weight, and Evans Blue assay were performed to investigate the neurologic deficit, cerebral water content (n = 8), and blood-brain barrier permeability (BBB), (n = 4), respectively., Results: MRI analysis showed that the cerebral edema, hematoma and midline shifting of rats in TBI group was more serious than other treatment group. Meanwhile compared with TBI group, the mNSS scores of every treatment group were meaningfully lower (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, treatment with BL+ MIH group was superior to the separated BL and MIH group (all P < 0.01). In addition, brain water content of each intervention group reduced to varying degrees (all P < 0.05), especially that of MIH group and BL + MIH group (P <0.01). BBB permeability of each treatment group was also significantly improved (all P < 0.01), and the improvement in MIH group and BL + MIH group was much better than the BL alone group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Our major finding is that bloodletting at Jing-well points and MIH can reduce cerebral edema and BBB dysfunction and exert neuroprotective effects after TBI. The results suggest that the combination of BL and MIH is more effective than other treatment being used alone.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features, precaution and management of complete heart block (CHB) after transaortic extended septal myectomy operation (extended Morrow procedure) in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)., Methods: From October 1996 to December 2011, 10[6 men; mean age (45.4 ± 15.8) years, range 13-60 years] out of 160 consecutive HOCM patients underwent extended Morrow procedure developed CHB postoperatively. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Baseline transthoracic echocardiography showed that the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradients was from 68 to 149 (105.1 ± 25.9) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa), ECG showed right bundle branch block in 5 patients and atrial fibrillation, atrial premature beats or ST-T segment changes in other 5 patients. Besides extended Morrow procedure, concomitant surgical procedures included mitral valve replacement (MVR) in 2 (2/10) and MVR plus coronary artery bypass grafting in another 2 (2/10) patients. Follow-up data were obtained by subsequent clinic visits in outpatient department and telephone interviews., Results: The in-hospital mortality was 20% (these two patients died of low cardiac output syndrome and multiple organs failure). Four patients underwent MVR simultaneously survived the operation. Postoperative echocardiography demonstrated a reduced LVOT gradient[(13.6 ± 9.7) mm Hg, P < 0.001]. Permanent pacemakers were implanted in all 8 survived patients at 6 days to 7 months after operation. No other severe complications were observed. During follow-up [from 4 to 72 (19.4 ± 22.1) months], there was no death, 1 patient readmitted to our center at 71 months post operation to change the pacemaker because of low voltage of previously implanted pacemaker. Physical capacity and quality of life improved significantly post operation in these 8 patients. The NYHA functional class remained at I-II post operation and during follow up., Conclusions: CHB is a severe complication after extended Morrow procedure for patients with HOCM and timely permanent pacemaker implantation is mandatory for patients with post procedure CHB.

Objective: To assess the clinical outcomes of transaortic extended septal myectomy on early and midterm survival of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM)., Methods: From October 2009 to April 2012, 118 consecutive patients underwent extended Morrow's procedure for HOCM. There were 69 males and 49 females with an average age of (46 ± 13) years. Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. Preoperative transthoracic, intraoperative transoesophageal and postoperative transthoracic echocardiography was performed to assess septal thickness, left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradient, mitral valve function and systolic anterior motion (SAM) of anterior mitral valve leaflet, etc. Concomitant surgical procedures were performed if other cardiac diseases required surgical interventions. Follow-up study was carried out during subsequent clinic visits at outpatient department and through telephone interviews with patients and their relatives., Results: The septal thickness was (25 ± 7) mm. SAM was detected in all. The in-hospital mortality was 0.8% (1/118) since one patient died of multiple organs failure one week later. Postoperative echocardiography demonstrated marked reduction in LVOT gradient (92 ± 22 vs 13 ± 10 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa), P = 0.000), New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (2.9 ± 0.6 vs 1.2 ± 0.4, P = 0.000) and significant improvement in mitral regurgitation. Concomitant surgical procedures were performed in 45 cases (38.1%, all for preexisting conditions). Complications included complete atrioventricular block (n = 3), first degree atrioventricular block (n = 6), complete left bundle branch block (n = 51), intraventricular conduction delay or left anterior division block (n = 26), transient renal dysfunction (n = 2) and intra-aortic-balloon-pumping (n = 2). No other severe complication was observed. During a follow-up period of 1 - 27 (7 ± 6) months, there was no readmission or death. All patients reported significant increase in physical ability and obvious decrease in limiting symptoms. At the latest follow-up, the NYHA functional class maintained grade I-II in all. And mitral regurgitation remained absent or mild., Conclusion: Surgical procedure for HOCM patients is both safe and efficacious. It provides an excellent relief of LVOT obstruction.

Objective: To investigate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) with multiple injuries., Methods: A prospective analysis of TBI patients with multiple injuries was performed. Sixty cases of cranial trauma with multiple injuries patients were randomly divided into two groups. There were 28 cases in control group while 32 cases in treatment group. Control group underwent conventional treatment while intravenous infusion of UTI was performed in treatment group. The dose of UTI was 200 kU every 8 hours. Patients' intracranial cerebral pressure (ICP) were monitored at admission and 10 days after treatment. At the same time levels of white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino transfer enzymes (AST), creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-2, IL-6) were detected., Results: ICP was down trend after treatment in UTI group, but there was no statistical difference compared with the control group. Hepatic and renal function and inflammation factor levels were significantly decreased in both groups. WBC, CRP, PCT, ALT, AST, Cr, BUN, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 were significantly lower in UTI group than those in control group (WBC:12.3±4.5×10(9)/L vs. 15.9±6.3×10(9)/L, CRP:46.12±11.47 mg/L vs. 64.24±18.31 mg/L, PCT:4.51±1.27 μg/L vs. 10.51±4.27 μg/L, ALT:47.26±8.23 U/L vs. 60.94±8.39 U/L, AST:42.67±7.63 U/L vs. 68.51±10.17 U/L, Cr:79.62±15.36 μmol/L vs. 102.36±16.82 μmol/L, BUN:6.35±2.36 mmol/L vs. 8.39±1.67 mmol/L, TNF-α:93.6±31.5 μg/L vs. 195.8±23.9 μg/L, IL-2:12.3±4.5 μg/L vs. 15.9±6.3 μg/L, IL-6:52.36±12.46 μg/L vs. 69.34±26.13 μg/L, all P<0.05). The incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in UTI group were significantly lower than those in control group (21.88% vs. 46.43%, 9.38% vs. 28.57%, both P<0.05)., Conclusion: Application of UTI treatment in TBI with multiple trauma patients can potentially protect the brain, liver and other organ function, thus significantly reduce incidence rate of SIRS and MODS by reducing the release of inflammatory mediators and systemic reaction to the trauma invasion.

Objective: To investigate the delayed cardioprotection induced by remifentanil in intact rat ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) models., Methods: Totally 42 adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-300 g were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 6 in each group): In Group I, rats were injected with normal saline via tail vein, performed with the regimen of 3 x 5-min intravenous (i.v.) infusion at a rate of 0.1 ml x kg(-1) min(-1) 24 h before I/R; In Group II, rats were treated according to the same experimental protocols as in Group I except receiving additional naloxone (0.1 mg/kg) 10 minutes before normal saline pretreatment; In Groups III, IV, V, and VI, rats were treated with remifentanil via tail vein, performed with the regime of 3 x 5-min i.v. infusion at a rate of 2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h before I/R; In Group VII, the rats were treated according to the same experimental protocols as in Group IV except that they received additional naloxone (0.1 mg/kg) 10 minutes before remifentanil pretreatment. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and a lead II electrocardiogram were continuously monitored during IR process. To determine plasma concentration of creatine kinase myocardial isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB), arterial blood samples were obtained immediately before ischemia, and at the end of ischemia and reperfusion. After a 120-min reperfusion, heart was removed for the measurement of myocardial infarct size. Infarct size (IS) was expressed as percentage of the area at risk., Results: HR, MAP, and rate-pressure product were not significantly different at each time points among all groups (P > 0.05). Compared with Group I, plasma concentrations of CK-MB at the end of ischemia and reperfusion and myocardial infarct size were significantly lower in Groups IV and V (P < 0.05). Compared with Group IV, plasma concentrations of CK-MB at the end of ischemia and reperfusion were significantly higher and myocardial infarct size was significantly larger in Group VII (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Remifentanil preconditioning induces delayed cardioprotection in intact rat ischemia-reperfusion model, which may be triggered via opioid receptors.

Purpose: To evaluate the function of cbfalpha1 on BMP-2 signaling to extracellular matrix proteins in dental papilla cells in vitro., Methods: RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of ALP, OC, ON, OPN, BSP, DMP-1 and DSPP in cultured dental papilla cells induced by 200ng/mL BMP-2 and/or down-regulated by cbfalpha1 antisense technology, the results were analysed with SPSS 11.0 software package., Results: We found that the amount of ALP and OC and the expression of OPN, BSP and ON were upregulated significantly after the cells were treated with BMP-2. After transfected with antisense cbfalpha1, the cells downregulated the expression of ALP, OC, OPN and BSP significantly(P<0.01)., Conclusions: As a kind of transcription factor, cbfalpha1 could be an important tache in the BMP-2 signal networks controlling cells differentiation and mineralization.

Objective: To assess the influence of cricoid pressure (CP) on insertion and ventilation function of ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA)., Methods: Fifty adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status category I, scheduled for elective plastic surgery were studied. After induction of intravenous anesthesia, the PLMA was inserted using an introducer under CP and the intracuff pressure was set to 60 cm H(2)O (1 cm H(2)O=0.098 kPa) with the introducer in place. The content degree of lung ventilation, airway seal pressure and anatomic position of the cuff were assessed. Then CP was temporary terminated, the PLMA was further advanced to the ideal position and the intracuff pressure was readjusted to 60 cm H(2)O. The above-mentioned assessments were re-performed, and the expiratory tidal volume and peak inspiratory pressure during positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) with and without CP were recorded. The gastric tube placement through the PLMA was observed, anatomical position of the drain tube was also scored by fiberoptic examination., Results: After the PLMA was further advanced to the ideal position under temporary termination of CP, lung ventilation content degree (good: acceptable=50:14 cases), airway seal pressure [(27+/-7) cm H(2)O vs. (21+/-7) cm H(2)O] and fiberoptic score of anatomical position of cuff were significantly improved compared with those after PLMA insertion under CP (P<0.05). The expiratory tidal volume during PPV was not significantly different between with and without CP, but the peak inspiratory pressure increased from (14+/-2) cm H(2)O without CP to (28+/-5) cm H(2)O with CP, and there was statistically significant difference (P<0.05). In all patients, gastric tube placement through the PLMA was successful with single attempt and correct anatomical position of the drain tube was confirmed by fiberoptic examination., Conclusion: The CP can impede the insertion of PLMA into the ideal position. The PLMA is still able to be advanced to the ideal position with a special introducer under temporary termination of CP. After the PLMA is advanced to the ideal position, the CP produces a significant increase in the peak inspiratory pressure during PPV.

Objective: To compare the ProSeal laryngeal mask airway (PLMA) and the standard laryngeal mask airway (SLMA) for intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) in a randomized auto control design., Methods: Fifty adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1-2, scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia were recruited. After the routine intravenous anesthesia induction, the PLMA and the SLMA were inserted randomly in sequence into each patient and inflated to an intracuff pressure of 60 cm H(2)O (1 cm H(2)O=0.098 kPa), airway seal pressure and lung ventilation satisfaction were evaluated, and fiberoptic (FOB) scores of the cuff anatomic position were measured. The mean expired volume and the mean peak inspiratory pressure of five continuous breaths were calculated after IPPV with 10 ml/kg tidal volume was performed., Results: Without cuff inflation, airway seal pressure was higher with the PLMA than with the SLMA (P<0.05), and adequate or acceptable lung ventilation was obtained in 46 (92%) patients with the PLMA, but only 22 (44%) patients with the SLMA. When the air volume required to obtain an intracuff pressure of 60 cm H(2)O, adequate lung ventilation was obtained in 50 patients with the PLMA, but only 28 patients with the SLMA, and the inflation volume and sequential airway seal pressure were higher with the PLMA than with the SLMA (both P<0.05), and the airway seal pressure with the PLMA was not less than with the SLMA in each patient. The ventilation volume was higher with the PLMA than with the SLMA, except in 2 patients. The FOB score of the cuff position was lower with the PLMA than with the SLMA (P<0.05). The mean expired tidal volume and the mean peak inspiratory pressure were not significantly different between 29 patients with the PLMA and 21 patients with the SLMA for airway maintenance during operation (both P>0.05)., Conclusion: Compared with SLMA, PLMA can achieve a higher airway seal pressure and potentially isolate the glottis and the upper esophagus, and is safer and more effective for positive pressure ventilation.

Objective: To compare the hemodynamic responses to nasotracheal intubation with Glide Scope video-laryngoscope (GSVL), Macintosh direct laryngoscope (MDLS), and fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB)., Methods: Sixty patients, with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I - II, aged 18- 50 years, and scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia requiring nasotracheal intubation, were randomly allocated equally to GSVL group, MDLS group, and FOB group. After the routine anesthesia induction, nasotracheal intubation was performed with the GSVL, MDLS, and FOB, respectively. Noninvasive blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before (baseline values) and after anesthesia induction (postinduction values), at intubation, and subsequently at an interval of every 1 minute for a total of five minutes. The maximum and minimum values of BP and HR during the observation period were also noted. The rate pressure product (RPP) at each measuring time point was calculated. The areas under effect-time curve (AUE) of hemodynamics were calculated by time as X-axis and changes of BP and HR during the observation as Y-axis., Results: All the three groups were similar in the demographic data and intubation time. After anesthesia induction, BP and RPP in all the three groups decreased significantly compared to baseline values (P < 0. 05), while HR had no significant change. After nasotracheal intubation, BP, HR, and RPP in all three groups were significantly higher than the postinduction values (P < 0.05). In the FOB group, BP, HR, and RPP at intubation significantly increased when compared with the baseline values (P < 0.05). In the MDLS group, HR at intubation, and maximum values of diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR, and RPP during the observation were significantly higher than the baseline values (P < 0.05). In the GSVL group, all hemodynamic parameters at intubation and after intubation were not significantly different from the baseline values. BP, HR, and RPP at intubation, and the incidences of HR more than 100 bpm during the observation were significantly higher in the FOB group than in the other two groups (P < 0.05). BP was not significantly different during the observation between the MDLS and GSVL groups, but HR and RPP at intubation and after intubation as well as AUE(HR) were significantly higher in the MDLS group than in the GSVL group (P < 0.05). AUE(HR) and AUE(SBP) were significantly lower in the GSVL group than in the FOB group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The hemodynamic responses to nasotracheal intubation are most severe with FOB, followed by MDLS, and then GSVL.

The effect of systemic administration of nonspecific nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, L-NAME) on morphine analgesia tolerance was observed by using the thermal tail-flick method, and the roles of NO and NMDA receptors in morphine analgesia tolerance were evaluated on the basis of the expressions of nNOS mRNA, NR1A mRNA and NR2A mRNA in spinal cord and midbrain. Thirty-six healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups (6 rats per group). Group 1, control group, received a subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of normal saline (1 ml); Groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the treatment groups received s.c. injection of L-NAME 10 mg/kg, L-NAME 20 mg/kg, morphine 10 mg/kg, L-NAME 10 mg/kg + morphine 10 mg/kg, and L-NAME 20 mg/kg + morphine 10 mg/kg, respectively. All rats received s.c. injections twice per day (8:00 and 17:00). The tail-flick latency (TFL) was measured in each rat before the injection as a baseline value, and then TFL at 50 min after the 1st injection every day as the measuring values. The animals (except for groups 2 and 5) were decapitated at 80 min after the last injection on the 8th day. The spinal segments and midbrain were removed for analysis of nNOS mRNA, NR1A mRNA and NR2A mRNA expressions by the RT-PCR method. The results showed that TFL remained unchangeable in group 2 compared with baseline value during the 7-day observation, while increased significantly on the 7th day in group 3. In group 4, TFL was longest on the 1st day, then decreased gradually from the 2nd day to the 6th day, and restored to the baseline value on the 6th day. In group 5, TFL showed a decreasing tendency during the 7-day observation, but was still significantly longer than the baseline value on the 7th day. The changes of TFL obtained in group 6 were similar to those in group 5. The results of RT-PCR showed that as compared with group 1, nNOS mRNA expressions in spinal cord and midbrain were significantly down-regulated in group 3, but the expressions of the NR1A mRNA and NR2A mRNA in both groups were similar, while the nNOS mRNA, NR(1A) mRNA and NR(2A) mRNA expressions were all significantly up-regulated in group 4. As compared with group 4, the expressions of nNOS mRNA, NR(1A) mRNA and NR(2A) mRNA were significantly inhibited in group 6. These results suggest that the expressions of nNOS and NMDA receptors in spinal cord and midbrain were significantly up-regulated in the rats with morphine analgesia tolerance. Chronic co-administration of L-NAME could effectively inhibit the morphine-induced overexpressions of nNOS and NMDA receptors, and postpone the development of morphine analgesia tolerance. Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that NO/NMDA receptor in spinal cord and midbrain is closely related to the development of morphine analgesia tolerance.

Objective: To compare the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation with GlideScope videolaryngoscope (GSVL) and with fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) after induction of general anesthesia., Methods: Totally 57 ASA physical status I - II adult patients undergoing elective plastic surgery and requiring orotracheal intubation were randomly allocated to either GSVL group (n = 29) or FOB group (n = 28). After a routine intravenous anesthetic induction, orotracheal intubation was performed. Noninvasive blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before and after anesthetic induction, at intubation and thereafter at 1 minute interval for 5 minutes., Results: The intubation time was not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). After intubation, BP and HR exhibited significant increases compared to the post-induction values in both groups, but the maximum values of BP did not exceed the pre-induction values while the maximum value of HR was higher than the pre-induction value. During the observation, BP and HR at all time points as well as the maximum values of BP and HR had no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The orotracheal intubations using FOB and GSVL result in similar hemodynamic responses.

Purpose: To generate the transgenic mouse model of DSP and perform transgene expression analysis by RT-PCR., Methods: Plasmid pcDNA3.1-CX was constructed by substituting promoter cbeta-actin for CMV promoter of pcDNA3.1, and the ultimate transgenic vector, pcDNA3.1-CX-dsp, was constructed by cloning DSP coding sequence into pcDNA3.1-CX. The pcDNA3.1-CX-dsp plasmid was linearized and microinjected into the male pronucleus of the zygotes. The tail DNA of pups was tested by PCR and Southern blot. A member of F1 generation of one positive mouse was used to perform transgene expression analysis by RT-PCR., Results: 717 embryos were implanted to 29 recipient pseudopregnant mice, 4 of the 67 pups carrying the transgene. Expression of DSP was detected in a member of F1 generation of one positive mouse by RT-PCR., Conclusion: Founders of the DSP transgenic mouse were obtained successfully, and the expression of DSP was primarily confirmed.

Objective: To compare the hemodynamic responses to orotracheal intubation via fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) with conventional orotracheal intubation via direct laryngoscope (DLS) in children under general anesthesia., Methods: Forty-three American Society of Anesthesiologist grade I-II children undergoing the elective plastic surgery and requiring orotracheal intubation were randomly allocated to either the DLS group (n = 20)or the FOB group (n = 23). After standard intravenous anesthetic induction, orotracheal intubation was performed using a DLS or a FOB. Noninvasive systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR), and rate-pressure product (RPP) were recorded before and after anesthetic induction, at intubation, and 5 minutes after intubation with 1 minute interval., Results: In the DLS group, SBP, HR, and RPP at intubation increased significantly compared to their postinduction values (P < 0.05),but blood pressure, HR and RPP at intubation didn't differ from their preinduction values. The maximal values of SBP, HR and RPP during the observation (from the beginning of intravenous anesthetic induction to 5 minutes after intubation) were significantly higher than their preinduction values (P < 0.05). In the FOB group, blood pressure, HR and RPP at intubation increased significantly compared to their preinduction and postinduction values (P < 0.05), and the maximal values of blood pressure, HR and RPP during the observation were significantly higher than their preinduction values (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in blood pressure and RPP at each time point during the observation between the two groups. The HR at intubation were significantly higher in the FOB group than in the DLS group (P < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the HR values at other time points during the observation between the two groups. There were also no significant differences in the maximal values of blood pressure, HR and RPP or the times to reach their maximal values between the two groups., Conclusion: General anesthesia of clinical standard depth can not effectively inhibit the pressor and tachycardiac responses caused by fiberoptic orotracheal intubation in children. As compared with DLS, FOB has no special advantages in preventing the cardiovascular stress responses to orotracheal intubation in children.

Purpose: To establish a transgenic mouse founders in which the expression of LacZ was directed by a dentin sialophosphoprotein-specific promoter., Methods: The DSPP-specific promoter was obtained by PCR and confirmed by sequencing, and the transgenic plasmid, pTN-DPM-LacZ, was constructed by subcloning the DSPP-specific promoter and LacZ-encoding sequence into one vector. The linearized transgenic plasmid was microinjected into the male pronucleus of the zygotes, and the microinjected zygotes were implanted to recipient pseudopregnant mice. The tail DNA of 4 week-pups was tested by PCR., Results: 503 embryos were implanted to 20 recipient pseudopregnant mice, 12 of the 89 pups carrying the transgene. The establishment of the dspp-LacZ transgenic mouse line is under progress., Conclusion: 12 founders of the dspp-LacZ transgenic mice, in which the expression profile of LacZ should be the same as that of DSPP, were obtained by microinjection successfully, and the mouse line which is being established could be used as a good tool to investigate the exact expression profile of DSPP in the future.

Objective: To investigate the effect of the hemostatic aerosol (HA) for emergent management of artery rupture in pigs., Methods: Thirty pigs were used to establish animal models of complete femoral artery rupture by cutting off the arteries. The pigs were divided equally into 3 groups according to the hemostatic measures taken before the application of HA, namely HA spray alone, temporary hemostasis by compressing the wound with fingers, or tourniquet in another group, before HA sprays. In the late groups the finger compression or tournigut was removed 10 min after HA spray. The main indexes including average arterial blood pressure (AABP), times of spray, hemostatic time, time for membrane formation and the thickness of the HA membrane shaped while spraying, and the success rates of each method, were assessed 12 h postoperatively., Results: The rate of successful hemostasis achieved by tourniquet and HA spray was 90%, 30% by finger compression and HA spray, and only 10% by direct HA spray., Conclusions: For complete artery rupture, application of tourniquet for temporary hemostasis 10 min before HA spay can be the best choice for emergent management of artery rupture.

Shoot protoplasts of four fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum) varieties (7309, 948, Belinka and Viking) were isolated and cultured. The optimal condition for higher protoplast yield 1.8 x 10(6)/gFW and activity 85.5% (c.v. 948) were from 10 day old seedings. Culture in V-KM Agroase-island medium led to first divisions after 3 days (c. v. 948), and after twenty days with an efficiency of 36% of divided cells and 5.2% in plating efficiency. Plant regeneration was obtained in 7309 and Belinka on agar media B5-2, MS3 containing 0.6 mg/L 6-BA and 0.1 mg/L NAA. Roots and leaves regeneration were observed in Viking and 948 respectively.