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In the process of grain storage, the use of low-temperature grain storage technology can effectively reduce grain losses during storage and ensure grain quality, which is of great significance for maintaining a stable grain supply. Radiative cooling materials, as a new energy-free cooling technology, achieve cooling by radiating heat in the form of electromagnetic waves into outer space. This approach can address issues associated with traditional cooling methods, such as high energy consumption and high chemical oxygen demand (COD) emissions, offering a green and environmentally friendly new approach to low-temperature grain storage. This paper explained the working principle of polymer-based radiative cooling materials and systematically introduced the composition and selection criteria of polymer-based radiative cooling systems. It also categorized and summarized polymer-based radiative cooling materials according to their structural characteristics. The existing problems with different structured radiative cooling materials, as well as future research directions, were also analyzed. This provides a certain research framework for applying radiative cooling materials to grain storage facilities to achieve low-temperature grain storage.

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of 1, 25(OH)2D3 on joint inflammation and bone destruction in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). Methods Thirty DBA/1J mice were equally allocated into control, CIA and intervention (VD) groups. The CIA model was established in the mice in the CIA group and VD group, meanwhile the VD group was treated with 1, 25(OH)2D3. The thickness of the hindfoot paws was measured with vernier caliper. Micro-CT scanning was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) of the hindfoot paw, ELISA was employed to detect the serum levels of 1, 25(OH)2D3 and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), and flow cytometry was performed to calculate the ratio of Th17 to Treg cells in the spleen. The pathological changes of the knee joint were observed with HE staining. Western blotting was applied to detect the expression levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), NF-κB, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in mouse ankle joints. Results 1, 25(OH)2D3 did not reduce the incidence of CIA in the of mice in the VD group, but significantly reduced joint inflammation. Obviously decreased thickness of the hindfoot paw, arthritis score, and knee histological synovitis score (HSS) were observed in the VD group than the CIA group (all P < 0.05). The CIA group presented more serious bone destruction and lower BMD and bone volume fraction (BV/TV) when compared with the VD group (both P < 0.05). The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and ratio of Th17/Treg cells in the VD group were statistically lower than those in the CIA group (all P < 0.05). Compared with the CIA group, the VD group had notably higher protein levels of VDR and OPG, lower levels of NF-κB and RANKL, and reduced RANKL/OPG ratio in the ankle joint (all P < 0.05). Conclusion 1, 25(OH)2D3 may alleviate arthritic inflammation and suppress bone destruction in the mouse CIA model via regulating the Th17/Treg ratio and the RANKL/OPG axis.

The construction of anti-disaster backbone grid is of great significance to enhance the power supply capacity of power system under extreme natural disasters. Comprehensively considering economy and reliability, a planning method for anti-disaster backbone grid was proposed. The economy and reliability of the planning scheme were expressed as the strengthened cost and the benefit from loss reduction in life cycle. The objective function was to maximize the unit benefit from loss reduction of the original grid caused by the unit strengthened cost of backbone grid. Taking the network connectivity and safe operation of power system into account, a planning model for anti-disaster backbone grid was established. The model was solved by the improved crisscross optimization (ICSO) algorithm to find the optimal planning scheme. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified by the simulation analysis of the IEEE 30-bus system.

Objective To observe the expression profile of Niemann-Pick disease type C2 (NPC2) protein in gastric cancer, analyze its prognostic significance, and explore its regulatory function in the disease. Methods Expression difference of NPC2 in gastric cancer and normal gastric tissue was explored based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE15459, GSE33335, GSE63089, GSE54129, GSE62254 and GSE84437), the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the tissue gastric cancer (GSE15459, GSE33335, GSE63089, GSE54129, GSE62254 and GSE84437) and the tissue chip of gastric cancer. The correlation between the expression of NPC2 and clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer was analyzed by contingency table analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to explore the prognostic significance of NPC2 expression in the cancer. The possible molecular mechanism of NPC2 regulating gastric cancer was analyzed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Transwell assay was carried out to measure the migration ability of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 after down-regulation of NPC2. Results NPC2 was highly expressed in gastric cancer (GSE33335: 7.917±0.077 vs 7.601±0.074, P=0.009 6; GSE63089: 9.083±0.123 vs 8.435±0.148, P=0.000 1; the tissue chip: 4.596±0.230 vs 3.336±0.176, P < 0.000 1). Its expression level was correlated to the clinical stage of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) (GSE15459: P=0.009; the tissue chip: P=0.04) and number of nearby lymph nodes (pN, the tissue chip: P=0.04). Gastric cancer patients with high NPC2 level had a poor prognosis (TCGA: P < 0.0001; GSE15459: P=0.002 3; the tissue chip: P=0.0032), and the protein was an independent prognostic predictor of gastric cancer (TCGA: HR=2.140, 95%CI: 1.523~3.006, P < 0.000 1; the tissue chip: HR=1.926, 95%CI: 1.108~3.348, P=0.02). Cell adhesion molecules-related genes were was significantly enriched in the gastric cancer tissue with high expression of NPC2, suggesting it may be involved in the invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells. Down-regulation of NPC2 significantly reduced the migration ability of SGC7901 cells (NC vs si-1: P=0.000 04; NC vs si-2: P=0.000 449). Conclusion The expression of NPC2 is closely associated with the prognosis of gastric cancer and plays an important regulatory role in cell migration. NPC2 might serve as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer.

Objectives Due to such factors as docking and temperature due to sunshine exposure, overall and partial response and deformation will occur during the construction and maintenance of surface vessels. On the one hand, it will affect the construction accuracy and safety of the hull, and on the other, it will affect the calibration of the relevant maintenance system.Methods In this paper, based on the finite element method, research on the structural response and deformation analysis method of a docking ship is carried out while taking into account the influence of temperature difference caused by sunshine.Results A finite element model is created for the entire hull of a docked surface ship according to the principles of docking block arrangement. According to the measured temperature data, the structural response and deformation prediction of the docked ship under the temperature difference of sunshine is carried out. The calculation results reveal the reason behind the phenomenon of “lotus leaf deformation” in docked vessels.Conclusions The results of this study are of valuable reference value for the calibration of shipborne weapon systems and aviation support systems in a docked state.

In this paper, the digital beamforming algorithm for horizontally polarized directional antenna array in narrowband multipath environment is studied. Because the steering vector of directional antenna arrays is complex and cannot be modeled exactly, blind beamforming algorithm is usually used for directional antenna arrays. As the existing blind beamforming algorithms require much prior information, work poorly for weak signals, have limited applications, and need high computational complexity, this paper designs a multi-polarization heterogeneous array cooperative processing scheme, and proposes a new multipath strengthening beamforming algorithm based on adaptive loading projection. The heterogeneous array consists of vertical polarization omnidirectional antenna array and horizontal polarization directional antenna array. The new algorithm utilizes the respective advantages of the two polarization arrays. This algorithm combines the methods of spatial smoothing, sampling matrix inversion, and spatial projection, and further improves the robustness of waveform estimation through adaptive loading processing. The algorithm requires less computation and less prior information, and has strong adaptability to non-ideal conditions. The implementation process and error analysis of the new algorithm are deduced, and effectiveness of the new algorithm is verified through computer simulations.

Objective To select lysosomal molecules related to metastasis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Methods The clinical sample information and gene transcriptome sequencing expression matrix of colorectal cancer TCGA database (Colon Adenocarcinoma TCGA-632) were obtained. The lysosomal genes associated with distant metastasis were screened by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-based logistic regression. Further the LASSO-based COX regression model was employed to screen the genes closely related to prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Among those genes, the iduronic acid-2-sulfatase (IDS) was selected because of its largest regression coefficient. Then, 50 paraffin embedded colorectal cancer tissues harvested in our hospital from 2007 to 2008 were used for IDS immunohistochemistry staining. The relationships of IDS expression level in the tissues with metastasis and prognosis of colorectal cancer were analyzed. Results The results of TCGA database analysis showed that the relative mRNA expression level of IDS was significantly higher in the colorectal cancer patients with lymph node metastasis than those without (N0 vs N1-2: -0.103±0.073 vs 0.303±0.123, P=0.003), and was much higher in those with distant metastasis than those without (M0 vs M1: 0.017±0.071 vs 0.636±0.296, P=0.003); and the patients with high expression of IDS had poor prognosis (overall survival: P=0.008; disease-free survival: P=0.007). COX regression analysis indicated that the mRNA expression of IDS was an independent predictors of colorectal cancer prognosis (P=0.014, Hazard ratio=2.651, 95%CI: 1.217~5.775). The results of immunohistochemical analysis for the 50 cases showed that the expression of IDS was higher in colorectal cancer patients with lymph node metastasis than those without (N0 vs N1-3: 27.324±0.698 vs 40.674±3.528, P=3.0×10-5), and was higher in those with distant metastasis than those without (M0 vs M1: 27.941±0.952 vs 39.320±3.467, P=1.2×10-5), and the patients with high IDS expression suggested poor prognosis (P=7.2×10-5). COX regression analysis also suggested that IDS expression was an independent predictor of colorectal cancer prognosis (P=0.008, Hazard ratio=5.847, 95%CI: 1.585~21.568). Conclusion The colorectal cancer patients with high expression of IDS is associated with high risk of metastasis and poor prognosis. The molecule could be regarded as an independent predictor of colorectal cancer patients.

In this paper, the necessity of reservation for extension in urban rail transit construction is analyzed. Based on the key factors of reservation design for extension in urban rail transit signaling system, the reservation design scheme for extension in urban rail transit signaling system is elaborated from the points of trackside equipment, cabinet board, system design, data production, backbone network, temporary operational control center, etc. to improve the convenience and safety in connecting the extended line signaling system with the first phase signaling system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed structures released by cells and encapsulate bioactive cargoes that act as an emerging messenger of intercellular communication in the development of kidney diseases. Currently, an increasing number of studies documented that, urinary EVs are packed with proteins and RNAs derived from renal resident cells, which could be served as a source of diagnostic biomarker. Furthermore, EVs are natural nanocarriers in the body with intrinsic characteristics, including great biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and low toxicity， which makes them great potential to apply for the treatment of kidney diseases. This review will focus on the current studies on EVs-based theranostics of kidney diseases.

A new blind parameter estimation algorithm of the frequency hopping signal is proposed, which is based on the local characteristic-scale decomposition(LCD) to solve the contradiction between the resolution of time and frequency. In the proposed algorithm the frequency hopping signal is iteratively decomposed into several intrinsic scale components (ISC), and some intrinsic scale components are deleted which are regarded as noise components, then an analysis sequence is derived from the maximum instantaneous amplitude of the denoised signal. So the hop rate and hop timing of the frequency hopping signal can be estimated by performing wavelet transform and Fourier transform on the analysis sequence. And the hopping frequencies can be estimated by using the estimated hop rate and hop timing. The algorithm is free from time-frequency uncertainty principle, and can estimate the hop rate, hop timing and hopping frequencies without any prior knowledge. Simulation results have proved that the algorithm is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the derrick substructure non-uniform subsidence of Well KXS203, casing head and wear bushing of this well were severely worn during drilling, and then casing string leaked later in pressure testing. In order to figure out the cause of wellhead equipment worn, and to prevent this kind of accident from happening again, the paper gives an investigation on the wearing condition of wellhead equipment and drill pipe, and calculates the eccentric wellhead degree due to derrick foundation settlement, and analyzes the influence of dimension match between drill pipe tool joint and wellhead equipment, wellhead eccentricity, performance of wear bushing and jacking screw, rotation of the drill string, drilling trip, and rotational speed of the drill string on wellhead equipment eccentric wear. It is considered that the wellhead worn is related to all above aspects, but the wear of wellhead in this well is mainly because of the wellhead eccentricity and wearing bush failure. Some measures are suggested to prevent well head equipment from wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the impacts of large hydropower station in Gufu River on benthic algae, monthly samplings were conducted from September 2004 to June 2007 at the site GF04 which was impacted by the hydropower station, with the site GL03 in Gaolan River as reference. During sampling period, no significant differences were observed in the main physicochemical variables between GF04 and GL03, but the hydrodynamics differed significantly. GL03 was basically at a status of slow flow; while GF04, owing to the discharging from the reservoir, was at a riffle status during more than 60% of the sampling period. Such a difference in hydrodynamics induced significant differences in the community similarity of benthic algae and the relative abundance of unattached diatoms, erect diatoms, and stalked diatoms between GF04 and GL03, which could better reflect the impacts of irregular draw-off by large hydropower station on river eco-system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the seasonal dynamics of macrozoobenthos community in Xiangxi River, the individuals of macrozoobenthos in the River were quantitatively monitored. A total of 197 taxa belonging to 6 class and 68 families were collected, among which, Baetis spp., Epeorus spp., and Nemoura spp. were the dominant groups, and their compositions varied with seasons. The macrozoobenthos community was most complicated in winter, followed by in spring and autumn, and the simplest in summer. Gather-collector was the main component of functional feeding groups in Xiangxi River system, followed by scraper, predator, and filter-collector, while shredder only accounted for a small part. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the factors affecting the macrozoobenthos community were dissimilar among seasons. In summer and autumn, nutrients had greater effects; and in all seasons, water depth had definite effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation was made from July 2005 to June 2006 to understand the spatial distribution of macroinvertebrates in Xiangxi River, the largest tributary in Hubei portion of Three Gorges Reservoir. The results showed that Ephemeroptera baetis spp., Ephemeroptera epeorus spp., and Plecoptera nemoura spp. were the dominant taxa. There existed greater differences in the habitat characters and in the community structure of macroinvertebrates among the major tributaries of Xiangxi River, and the relative abundance of functional feeding groups could reflect the characters of different habitats. A comparison of the diversity of dominant taxa and their tolerance towards pollution among the major tributaries showed that Jiuchong River had the best habitat, followed by the main stream of Xiangxi River, and Gaolan River and Gufu River. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the NH4+-N concentration in the main stream of Xiangxi River, the pH, turbidity, water depth, SiO2, conductance, and alkalinity in Jiuchong River, the turbidity in Gaolan River, and the NH4+-N and NO3--N concentrations in Gufu River had significant impact on the community structure of macroinvertebrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the correlation between helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection with gastric mucosa pathologic changes in chronic gastritis. Methods A total of 250 patients with chronic gastritis who came to Tianjin Union Medicine Center from November 2011 to March 2013 were collected in this study. Electronic gastroscope examinations, pathology and Urea-14C breath tests were performed in patients. There were 153 cases with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG group), and 97 cases without chronic atrophic gastritis (non-CAG group). The positive rate of H.pylori was compared between two groups. At the same time the positive rate of H.pylori was compared between different parts of CAG patients. The positive rates of H.pylori were compared between different pathologic features of chronic gastritis (active degree, the degree of inflammation, atrophy and intestinal classification). Results The positive rate of H.pylori was higher in CAG patients than that of non-CAG patients (70.6% vs 35%, X2=30.552). The positive rate of H.pylori was higher in antral and corpus atrophy of CAG group than that of antral atrophy (82.6% vs 65.4%, X2=4.578). With the aggravating activity of gastritis, the inflammation, chronic gastritis, atrophy and intestinal classification, the positive rate of H.pylori was increased (X2= 200.643, 206.715, 73.286, 218.432). Conclusion H.pylori infection is related with chronic gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis. And antral and corpus atrophy CAG is closely related with H.pylori infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antimicrobial substances produced by Bacillus velezensis 1-3, a strain with antibacterial activity isolated from oral samples, were separated and purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography and thin-layer chromatography and were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). These substances were identified as surfactin consisting of three cyclic lipopeptides with 14–16 carbon atoms, whose molecular masses were 1 030.642, 1 044.660 and 1 058.677 Da, respectively. Surfactin could function as a surfactant and exhibited good antimicrobial activity against common pathogenic bacteria in the food, medical and livestock industries. Meanwhile, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of surfactin against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 was 4 μg/mL. Surfactin did not show hemolytic activity against mouse red blood cells within the effective antibacterial concentration range. It could endure temperatures at 20–100 ℃ and withstand a wide pH range of 2.0–10.0. Hence, surfactin produced by B. velezensis 1-3 has great potential for applications in the food, medical, and livestock fields .

In high-performance computing,the accumulation of rounding error in the process of solving the large-scale,long time and ill-conditioned problem will lead to invalidated results.These results are useful for the developers to debug programs and check their correctness.Therefore,the reproducibility of the numerical results of the algorithm becomes very important.Based on the OpenBLAS’s framework,combining with Demmel’s reproducible method in ReproBLAS and multilayer block technology proposed by Castaldo,this paper designs a reproducible algorithm of multithreaded DGEMV for Phytium processor with rounding error analysis and error free transformation.Numerical experiments show that the output of the algorithm is the same as that of the ReproBLAS,which verifies the reproducibility.Our algorithm is up to 2x faster than that in ReproBLAS.Compared with the DGEMV function of OzBLAS proposed by Mukunoki,our algorithm runs at least 20x faster than that in OzBLAS with single thread,and 9x faster than that in OzBLAS with multi-threads.Theoretical analysis and numerical experiments illustrate that improved algorithm is accurate,validated and efficiency.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-enclosed structures containing diverse bioactive cargoes that play a major role in intercellular communication in both physiological and pathological conditions. Currently, the field of EV-based therapy has been rapidly growing, and two main therapeutic uses of EVs can be surmised: (i) exploiting stem cell-derived EVs as therapeutic agents; and (ii) employing EVs as natural therapeutic vectors for drug delivery. This review will discuss the recent advances in EV-based therapy in the treatment of renal disease.

This study was designed to identify the pathogen causing soft rot of Pinellia ternata in Qianjiang of Hubei province and screen out the effective bactericides, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the control of soft rot of P. ternata. In this study, the pathogen was identified based on molecular biology and physiological biochemistry, followed by the detection of pathogenicity and pathogenicity spectrum via plant tissue inoculation in vitro and the indoor toxicity determination using the inhibition zone method to screen out bactericide with good antibacterial effects. The control effect of the bactericide against P. ternata soft rot was verified by the leave and tuber inoculation in vitro. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the 16 S rDNA, dnaX gene, and recA gene sequences, respectively, and the result showed that the pathogen belonged to the same branch as the type strain Dickeya fangzhongdai JS5. The physiological and biochemical tests showed that the pathogen was identical to D. fangzhongdai, which proved that the pathogen was D. fangzhongdai. The pathogenicity test indicated that the pathogen could obviously infect leaves at 24 h and tubers in 3 d. As revealed by the indoor toxicity test, 0.3% tetramycin, 5% allicin, and 80% ethylicin had good antibacterial activities, with EC&#95;(50) values all less than 50 mg·L~(-1). Tests in tissues in vitro showed that 5% allicin exhibited the best control effect, followed by 0.3% tetramycin and 10% zhongshengmycin oligosaccharide, and their preventive effects were better than curative effects. Therefore, 5% allicin can be used as the preferred agent for the control of P. ternata soft rot, and 0.3% tetramycin and 10% zhongshengmycin oligosaccharide as the alternatives. This study has provided a certain theoretical basis for the control of P. ternata soft rot.

The miniaturization of liquid chromatography equipment is among the most important focus areas in chromatographic technology. It involves the miniaturization of the physical dimensions of the instrument, size of the separation material, and inner diameter of the column. The advantages of a reduced inner diameter of the column have been investigated for several decades, and can be summarized as follows. First, the sample consumption is lower, which is particularly beneficial when a limited amount of sample is available, as is the case with natural products, and in biochemistry and biomedicine. Second, the consumption of the mobile phase is reduced, making the process environmentally friendly and facilitating green chemistry. This allows the addition of more expensive solvent additives, such as chiral additives or isotopic reagents, while maintaining a low analysis cost. Moreover, the degree of band dilution in the column is lower than that with conventional liquid chromatography under the same sample injection conditions. Thus, enhanced mass sensitivity is achieved. Other benefits of a reduced inner diameter of the column include temperature control due to effective heat transfer through the columns and easier coupling to mass detectors, which is particularly advantageous for analyzing complex samples. Typically, the term &#x0201c;nano liquid chromatography&#x0201d; is associated with liquid chromatography, which employs capillary columns of inner diameters less than 100 &#x003bc;m and flow rates in the range of tens to hundreds of nanoliters per minute. Because of the extremely low flow rates and small column volume, the extra-column effect becomes more prominent. Thus, the requirements for every component of liquid chromatographs are augmented toward improving their performance and optimizing the extra-column band broadening of the entire system. The solvent delivery equipment should be able to pump mobile phases accurately and steadily at nanoliter-level flow rates. A gradient mode is required to achieve this, which implies that the lowest flow rate for a single pump unit should reach a few nanoliters per minute. A certain operating pressure is also necessary to employ columns with different inner diameters and particle sizes. A precise and repeatable sample injection procedure is essential for nano liquid chromatography. The injection volume and mode should be suitable for capillary columns, without inducing a significant extra-column effect. A higher-sensitivity detector should be employed, and sample dispersion should be limited. The improved tubing and connection method in nano liquid chromatography should offer stability, reliability, and ease of operation. The extra-column volume should also be restricted to suit nanoliter-level flow rates. Considering that most nano liquid chromatographic instruments have been coupled with a mass detector, this review mainly focused on nanoliter solvent delivery modules, sample injection modules, and tubing and connection modules. By searching and summarizing research articles, technical patents, and brochures of instrument manufacturers, technical routes and research progress on these modules were described in detail. The pump designs can be classified into four types. Pneumatic amplifying pumps have been used in ultra-high-pressure applications. The flow-splitting delivery system, though easy to realize, may lead to a large amount of solvent wastage. Splitless pumps, which are classified based on two main principles, are widely used. Some pumps based on other physical phenomena have been suggested; however, they lacked stability and robustness. Two types of injection modes have been utilized in nano liquid chromatography. The direct nanoliter injection mode typically takes advantage of the groove on the rotor of a switching valve. The trapping injection mode uses trap columns to enable the introduction of large sample volumes. As for the tubing and connection, a few appropriate designs can be acquired from commercial suppliers. The robustness has been improved using some patented technologies. The optimization principles and research progress on optical absorption detection are briefly introduced. Finally, commercial nano liquid chromatographic systems are compared by considering the pumps and injectors.

Amisulpride is a clinically effective antipsychotic drug. It has been recommended for therapeutic drug monitoring in Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology . An integrated multicolumn two-dimensional liquid chromatography system was constructed. Two reversed-phase columns, Supersil ODS2 (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) and SinoChrom ODS-BP (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), with different hydrophobicities were employed in the first and second separation dimensions, respectively. A strong cation-exchange short column, Supersil SCX (10 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used to trap samples after the first dimensional separation. A two-position six-port valve was applied to change the flow path for transferring the samples. An auxiliary pump was used to change the mobile phase between the first dimensional column and the trapping column. An intact method for analyzing amisulpride in serum was developed using an integrated multicolumn two-dimensional liquid chromatography system. Serum samples were pretreated only by protein precipitation and centrifugation. In the protein precipitation step, a mixture of perchloric acid (6%, v/v) and methanol was used as the precipitation reagent, whose volume was three times that of the serum sample. The use of this reagent helped eliminate the obvious solvent effects resulting from the large injection volume (300 μL). Then, the samples were vortexed for 2 min and centrifuged for 5 min at a velocity of 10000 r/min. The supernatant was injected into the system directly. Acetonitrile/phosphate buffer (25 mmol/L, pH 3.0; 20∶80, v/v) and acetonitrile/phosphate buffer (25 mmol/L, pH 7.0; 25∶75, v/v) were used as mobile phases for the first and second dimensions, respectively, at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The solvent strength and pH of the first dimensional eluent were adjusted at the two-dimensional chromatographic interface. Phosphate buffer (25 mmol/L, pH 3.0) was supplied at a rate of 1 mL/min by the auxiliary pump for adjustment. The adjustment process allowed amisulpride to remain cationic, thus leading to improved transfer and trapping efficiencies in strong cation-exchange columns, in the heart-cutting mode. The trapping time was determined to be between 4 and 5 min by a confirmation experiment. The use of a short trapping column and the appropriate mobile phase conditions allowed us to complete the analysis within 12 min. The established method was validated in detail by investigating the linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and recovery. A good linear relationship was observed between 10 and 200 ng/mL ( r =0.9998). The LOD and LOQ were 7.28 ng/mL and 24.27 ng/mL, respectively. The high sensitivity of the validated method met the requirements of the therapeutic reference range of the Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology . The recovery of amisulpride spiked in a serum sample at 50 and 100 ng/mL were stabilized between 73.7% and 76.8%, which revealed the good stability of the established method. As opposed to the complicated traditional analytical methods, our method based on the automated integrated system is cost-effective and low-maintenance, thus being appropriate for routine therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical research. Moreover, our method is highly promising as the system cost is much lower than that of the popular LC-MS, while the capacity is sufficient for the determination of drugs in serum.

A kind of adjustable external fixation device for lower extremity is designed. The circuit is mainly composed of TEC1-00703 semiconductor refrigeration chip, HZC-30A pressure sensor, STC89C52RC single chip microcomputer and other electrical components. It can realize the timing intelligent temperature control and meet the local fixed-point refrigeration. The design of adjustable structure and the application of intelligent air cushion can satisfy the full fixation of lower limbs of different individuals. Its operation does not need much medical knowledge. It can solve the problem of emergency transportation and follow-up treatment of lower limb injury in ice and snow sports. It has a good application prospect and universality.

Soil microorganisms are one of the important biological indictors of soil quality and can reflct the comprehensive ecological environment characteristics of the soil. The research of soil microbial diversity is the key to know the ecological functions and balance with soil. In this paper, high-throughput sequencing on PCR-amplified 16 S rRNA gene V3-V4 fragments was used to determine the bacterial diversity in rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala under the treatment with BZJN1 or streptoprofen. The results showed that there were no significant differences of the bacteria in A. macrocephala rhizosphere soil of the streptoprofen treatment group and the biocontrol BZJN1 treatment group. All the soil bacteria was classified into 25 categories,67 classes, 108 orders, 167 families and 271 generas, except some unidentified bacteria. Proteobacteria(30.7%-34.8%) was the dominant phylum, of which Alphaproteobacteria(16.8%-18.5%) was the dominant subgroup. Compared with the control group, the relative abundance of multiple phylums bacteria in the rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala was significantly changed in the streptoprofen treatment group and the biocontrol BZJN1 treatment group. In addition, RDA analysis showed that there was connection with different environmental factors and microbial communities. The abundance of the three genera in the rhizosphere soil of A. macrocephala was significantly positively correlated with Invertase, Urease and AP. PICRUSt function prediction results showed that BZNJ1 could enhance some bacterial functions and promote the plant growth. Biocontrol is a new type of green and safety control pest method. BZNJ1 significantly enhances some bacterial functions on the basis of effectively preventing root rot of A. macrocephala and promoting plant growth, and has no significant effect on the soil bacterial community structure. All the results can provide theoretical support for popularization of BZNJ1.

To determine the removal efficiency of typical antibiotics in Guiyang wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and the impact of effluent on aquatic organisms in receiving waters, nine antibiotics in the influent, effluent, and receiving water of two WWTPs in Guiyang City were investigated. The concentrations of antibiotics in the influent and effluent ranged from 0 to 835.60 ng·L -1 and 0 to 286.60 ng·L -1 , respectively, and the concentration of ofloxacin (OFX) was highest. Its concentration in the influent was 835.60 ng·L -1 and 539.00 ng·L -1 and in the effluent was 11.74 ng·L -1 and 286.60 ng·L -1 , respectively. The removal rate of antibiotics in the WWTPs ranged from -42.29% to 100%, and tetracycline (TC) was completely removed. The concentrations of antibiotics in the influent and effluent of the WWTPs in Guiyang City was less than in other regions of China and in other counties. Through the analysis of the antibiotics in the receiving waters, it was found that the concentrations of OFX were higher than other antibiotics, and the WWTPs effluent was one source of antibiotics in the receiving waters. OFX showed a high risk (RQ>1) for aquatic organisms in the receiving waters, as determined by an ecological risk assessment.

With the development of life science, nano liquid chromatography systems are being involved in various applications in the field of biochemical analysis. Being one of the key components in the system, the nano flow rate pump directly affected the accuracy and repeatability of the analysis. Based on two high precision direct-driven motors and a ten-port switch valve, a single stroke direct-driven ultrahigh pressure nano pump was developed. The results show that the accuracy of the flow rate and stability were better than 1% and 0.7%, respectively, at 500 nL/min. The maximum operating pressure was more than 100 MPa, and the gradient deviation was lower than 1%. The nano pump was used to construct a nano liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system. A bovine serum albumin (BSA) digest (1 μg) was analyzed by the system, and a sequence coverage of 45% was achieved. Furthermore, 2809 proteins were identified from a 1.25 μg Hela cell digest. All these results demonstrated that the single stroke direct-driven ultrahigh pressure nano pump could be a useful tool in the biochemical analyses, especially for proteome research.

The double qualitative principle is a new composite qualitative method based on retention time and the characteristic peaks of the absorption spectra. Using a self-designed and assembled diode array detector (DAD), a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system was constructed. The illegal additive auramine O in six kinds of herbal slices and the active ingredient schisandrin in Jujube kernel Tianma capsules were separated and qualitative analyzed using the HPLC-DAD system. The results showed that there were similar peaks in the chromatograms of pollen typhae and Jujube kernel Tianma capsules when comparing the target analytes. However, the probabilities of the targets were excluded by comparing the absorption spectra. The application results indicated that, based on the double qualitative principle of retention time/absorption spectrum, the interference of impurities in the samples could be well eliminated and the false positives could be avoided. This provides a reference method for the study of traditional Chinese medicine components.

Objective: To compare the stability of subaxial cervical anterior transpedicular screw(ATPS) fixation and three traditional fixations for three-column injury., Methods: Six specimens of cervical spine were prepared. After measurememt of the range of motion(ROM) in intact state, the specimens were made into three-column injury models. The models were reconstructed with an anterior cervical cage, and stabilized by ATPS, anterior plate(AP), anterior plate + lateral mass screw(AP+LMS) and posterior transpedicular screw(PTPS). The ROM of the models in the four states were measured, and the results of data were compared after standardization., Results: The normalized ROM of ATPS state in flexion-extension, lateral bending, axial rotation were(77.17±4.75)%, (82.00±2.61)%, (83.17±2.23)%, which were significant small than those in intact state( P <0.05). The normalized ROM of AP state in flexion-extension, lateral bending, axial rotation were(119.67±7.42)%, (116.33±7.53)%, (112.67±5.99)% , which were significant larger than those in intact state( P <0.05). The normalized ROM of AP in all directions were significant larger than those of ATPS( P <0.05). There was no significant difference between normalized ROM of PTPS state and those of ATPS state in flexion-extension and lateral bending( P >0.05). The normalized ROM of PTPS state in axial rotation was(6.83±2.48)% and was significant larger than that of ATPS state( P =0.009). The normalized ROM of AP+LMS state in flexion-extension was(68.50±2.43)%, which was significant smaller than that of ATPS state( P =0.003). There was no significant difference between the normalized ROM of AP+LMS state and those of ATPS state in lateral bending and axial rotation( P >0.05)., Conclusions: Subaxial cervical three-column injury model reconstruction by ATPS can provide the adequate primary stability, of which biomechanics property is superior compared to AP and PTPS, and is similar to that of AP+LMS. It can be applied to the patients with no need to decompression and reduction through posterior approach., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© 2018 by the China Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology Press.)

Supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) is a nano-structured liquid generated from amphiphiles through a sequential self-assembly process. It is an efficient and excellent solvent for the sample extraction. In this paper, a method to directly extract and rapidly analyze polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water samples by high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) was developed. The composition and amount of SUPRAS were optimized and practical samples were tested. It indicated that the combination of tetrahydrofuran and 1-octanol was a suitable SUPRAS for the extraction of four PAHs with recoveries between 89.08% and 102.47% and relative standard deviations (RSDs) from 1.38% to 3.92% ( n =5). Results showed a good linearity of four PAHs with the correlation coefficients ( R 2 ) more than 0.999. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 1.26 to 9.23 ng/L. The proposed pretreatment method greatly reduces the analysis time. And the solvent-less approach is in accordance with the development trend of green chemistry and of great application prospects.

Objective: To assess the effect of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) combined with epidural injection for prolapsed lumbar disc herniation(PLDH)., Methods: In this prospective randomized controlled study, the clinical data of 126 patients who had undergone a PELD because of a single-level PLDH from March 2014 to June 2015 were analyzed. There were 67 males and 59 females, ranging in age from 17 to 75 years old with an average of(41.0±13.5) years old, 9 cases were L₃,₄, 76 cases were L₄,₅ and 41 cases were L₅S₁. According to the random number table, the patients were randomized into two groups, with 63 patients in each group. Patients in group 1 were injected normal saline after PLED, patients in group 2 were subjected to an epidural injection of Diprospan, Lidocaine and Mecobalamine after PLED. All the patients were followed up from 6 to 20 months with the mean of 12.4 months. Complications, the postoperative hospital stay, the period of return to work, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score were compared between two groups, and clinical outcomes were evaluated according to modified MacNab criteria., Results: All the operations were successful, and no complications were found. The mean postoperative hospital stay and the period of return to work in group 1 were (4.61±1.25) days and (4.31±0.47) weeks, respectively, and in group 2 were (2.53±0.69) days and (3.14±0.52) weeks, there was significant differences between two groups( P =0.000). Postoperative VAS and JOA scores in two groups were obviously improved ( P =0.000). At 1 day, 1 week, 1 month after operation, VAS, JOA scores in group 2 were better than that of group 1( P =0.000), and after 6 months, there was no significant difference between two groups( P >0.05). According to the modified MacNab criteria, 39 cases got excellent results, 21 good, 3 fair in group 1, and which in group 2 were 41, 20, 2, respectively, there was no significant difference between two groups( P =0.087)., Conclusions: PELD is an mini-invasive technique for PLDH, it can fleetly reduce pain and improve function. And combination with epidural injection has the advantages of pain releasing and function improving in the short-term postoperative period, and it can decrease postoperative hospital stay and time of returning to work, and it is a safe and effective method., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose.

To study the correlation of four properties of traditional Chinese medicine and the function of reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) of tumor cells, with 580 herbs in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 version as the research objects. CNKI, CBA, Wanfang, VIP, and PubMed were searched to screen the documents related to the reversal of MDR for collection, summarizing and analysis. The results of the research showed that a total of 114 species Chinese herbs had been reported to be associated with reversal of MDR in tumor cells. Among 15 Chinese herbs with heat nature, 7 herbs had the function of reversing MDR in tumor cells, accounting for 46.7%. Among the 48 herbs with cool nature, 12 herbs had the function of reversing MDR, accounting for 25%. Among the 211 herbs with cold nature, 46 herbs had the function of reversing MDR, accounting for 21.8%. Among the 179 herbs with warm nature, 34 herbs had the function of reversing MDR, accounting for 19%. Among the 127 herbs with neutral nature, 15 herbs had the function of reversing MDR, accounting for 11.8%. Through the analysis on the relationship between four properties of 114 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines and reversing multidrug resistance of tumor cells, this paper speculated that there was a certain correlation between four properties of traditional Chinese medicine and the function of reversing multidrug resistance of tumor cells., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

To study the relationships between in-stream total nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) loads and responses of epilithic algal metrics, nonparametric change-point analysis (nCPA) and thresholds indicator taxa analysis (TITAN) were used to detect possible TN and TP thresholds for algal chlorophyll a, diatom richness, Shannon diversity index, and diatom community composition for tributary rivers of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). We found that nCPA simulated similar TP thresholds for all the four algal metrics (-0.03 mg·L -1 ), with similar TN thresholds (-0.8 mg·L -1 ) for all metrics but community composition. In contrast, TITAN provided specific nutrient thresholds for both sensitive and tolerant taxa within the whole community, and the threshold ranges covered thresholds for the other metrics. Additionally, nine (one sensitive and eight tolerant taxa) and ten indicator taxa (five sensitive and five tolerant taxa) for TN and TP were detected by TITAN, respectively. Therefore, we used the results of TITAN to define nutrient thresholds for the study rivers. That is, when in-stream TN concentration exceeded 0.382 mg·L -1 or TP concentration exceeded 0.016 mg·L -1 (i.e. negative response threshold), sensitive taxa within river epilithic diatom assemblages would respond with decrease in density. When TN exceeded 1.298 mg·L -1 or TP exceeded 0.065 mg·L -1 (i.e. positive response threshold), even tolerant taxa would be influenced and the whole assemblage would be changed significantly. Based on such criteria, we found that 87% sites had TN concentrations higher than the negative response threshold, with 22% sites being higher than the TN positive response threshold. As for TP, 94% and 14% sites exceeded the negative and positive response threshold, respectively. Our findings suggest that although most of the inflow tributaries of Three Gorges Reservoir were disturbed by human disturbance, yet the disturbance was not so extensive. Our findings provided significant information for managing river ecosystems of the TGR region.

Objective: To observe the effect of Pinggan Qianyang Recipe (PQR) on inhibiting angiotensin II (Ang II) induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and changes of DNA methylation., Methods: VSMCs were cultured using tissue explant method, and PQR containing serum was prepared. Primarily cultured VSMCs were divided into four groups, the normal group, the model group, the folate group (folic acid intervention) , and the PQR group. The proliferation and migration of VSMCs was duplicated by Ang II. After 24-h Ang II induced culture, 40 microg/mL folic acid was added to the folate group for 48 h, while 5% PQR containing serum was added to the PQR group for 48 h. The cell growth curve of VSMCs was drawn by using Cell Counting Kit (CCK-8). The proliferative activity of VSMC was determined by MTT assay. The migration of VSMCs was measured by Millicell chamber. The general level of cytosine methylation in cell nucleus was detected via 5-mC antibodies immunofluorescence, and mRNA expression levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) were measured by Real-time q-polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR)., Results: VSMCs were promoted by Ang II at 10(-6) mol/L for 24 h. Compared with the normal group, the proliferative activity and migration quantity of VSMCs obviously increased, and DNA methylation level obviously decreased (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the cell growth, proliferative activity and migration quantity of VSMCs obviously decreased and the general DNA methylation level increased in the folate group and the PQR group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the normal group, the mRNA expression of DNMT1 decreased in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, mRNA expression of DNMT1 in Ang II induced VSMCs was obviously enhanced in the folate group and the PQR group (P < 0.01)., Conclusions: PQR could inhibit Ang II induced proliferation and migration of VSMCs, and cause high genomic DNA methylation level. Changes of DNA methylation might be associated with DNMT1 expression.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)-specific CD8 cytotoxic T-lymphocytes(CTL)are essential components of the protective immunity against HIV-1infection.However,due to heterogeneous responses of CTL to HIV-1,our general understanding of CTL efficacy in the context of HIV-1infection remains limited. To better understand the factors that determine the potency of HIV-1specific CTL responses, this study directly investigated the relationship between different functional attributes associated with CTL response at the single cell level by using HIV-1specific CTL clones isolated in vitro. Twelve selected HIV-1CTL clones with various HLA restriction and specific antigen epitopes were comprehensively evaluated by several functional assays(e.g., killing capacity, degranulation, production of multiple cytokines and polyfunctionality, as well as the expression of lytic granule components and exhaustion molecules).Our principal findings were that the killing capacity of the CTL response was most closely associated with their degranulation capacity. Additionally, the killing and the degranulation capacity of CTL was associated with the levels and polyfunctionality of the cytokines secreted later. These findings implicate that multiple functional CTL responses are coordinately regulated and determined.

Objective: To explore the main performance of personality change in people with mild psychiatric impairments which due to the brain trauma caused by traffic accidents and its value in assessment of psychiatric impairment., Methods: The condition of personality change of patients with traumatic brain injury caused by traffic accident was evaluated by the Scale of Personality Change Post-traumatic Brain Injury (SPCPTBI). Furthermore, the correlation between the personality change and the degrees of traumatic brain injury and psychiatric impairment were explored. Results In 271 samples, 239 (88.2%) with personality changes. Among these 239 samples, 178 (65.7%), 46 (17.0%), 15 (5.5%) with mild, moderate and severe personality changes, respectively. The ratio based on the extent of personality changes to the degree of brain trauma was not significant (P > 0.05), but the total score difference between the groups was significant (P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance between the medium and high severity brain trauma groups. The higher degree of personality changes, the higher rank of mental disabilities. The total score difference of the scale of personality change among the different mild psychiatric impairment group was significant (P<0.05). The difference between other psychiatric impairment levels had statistical significance (P < 0.05) except level 7 and 8., Conclusion: The occurrence of personality change due to traumatic brain injury caused by traffic accident was high. Correlations exist between the personality change and the degree of psychiatric impairment. Personality change due to brain trauma caused by traffic accident can be assessed effectively by means of SPCPTBI, and the correlation between the total score and the extent of traumatic brain injury can be found.

Objective: To explore the value of free latissimus dorsimyocutaneous flap in repairing severe defect of head and neck after resection of tumor., Methods: Free latissimus dorsimyocutaneous flap was used to repair defect after resection of tumor in 12 patients (13 sides) with head and neck tumors. Of them 2 cases underwent radical radiotherapy before operation. and 3 cases received adjuvant radiotherapy postoperatively., Results: Aside from one flap with necrosis, other 12 flaps survived after operation including 5 cases with radiotherapy., Conclusion: Free latissimus dorsimyocutaneous flap can afford large tissue, has reliable blood supply, is easy to survive, and resist to radiotherapy, which is fit for repairing severe defect of head and neck.

With the development of science and technology, more and more complex samples like peptides and proteins need to be separated. It is difficult to separate them by single mode chromatography. Due to the unique separation character of mixed-mode chromatography, the same separation performance can be obtained in mixed-mode chromatography in one separation as multidimensional chromatography. And some disadvantages of multidimensional chromatography can be avoided in mixed-mode chromatography, such as the complexity of the system, the poor compatibility of mobile phases and the long analytical time. More and more attention is devoted to the mixed-mode chromatography in recent years. The focus on the mixed-mode chromatography is to design new structures of mixed-mode stationary phase. At present, mixed-mode stationary phases included reversed-phase/ion-exchange, reversed-phase/hydrophilic, hydrophilic/ion-exchange, zwitterionic and trimode mixed-mode stationary phases. The kinds of mixed-mode stationary phases are summarized and their features and applications in different fields are discussed in this review.

Objective: To evaluate the benefits of CT angiography (CTA) in preoperative mapping of anterolateral thigh perforator flap (ALTPF) for reconstruction of defect after head and neck cancer resection., Methods: Twenty-four patients underwent reconstruction of postoperative defect with ALTPF from March 2011 to March 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. According to the imaging methods used for examining perforating artery, these patients were divided into two groups: color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI)-group and CTA-group, 12 patients in each group. The surgical results of all patients were evaluated for consistency in number of perforating artery, operation time and flap-related complications., Results: Only one of all patients had complete flap necrosis, with an overall flap survival rate of 95.83%. All perforating branches showed with preoperative CTA were found in operation (12/12), significantly higher than CDFI-group (8/12). The mean operation time of CTA-group was significantly shorter than that of CDFI-group (Unilateral neck dissection: (6.80±0.53) vs (8.39±0.75) h, bilateral neck dissection: (8.79±0.97) vs (10.96±0.26) h, both P<0.05). Flap-related complication occurred in one case in CTA-group, but in 5 cases in CDFI-group., Conclusions: CTA can accurately provide anatomical information of perforator vessels and guide preoperative design of ALTPF to improve operative outcomes, including the decrease in operation time and surgical injury.

Objective: To understand the assessment on the criminal responsibility of drug-induced mental disorders and judicial experts' opinions., Methods: The judicial experts from institutes of forensic psychiatry in Shanghai were selected. They were asked to finish a self-made questionnaire of assessment on the criminal responsibility of drug-induced mental disorders by letters and visits., Results: Most of experts knew the special regulation, "not suitable for evaluation" towards the criminal responsibility of drug-induced mental disorders of the guideline promulgated by Ministry of Justice. Before and after the guideline was issued, no expert made a no-responsibility opinion in such cases. After the guideline was issued, some experts made a full-responsibility or limited-responsibility opinion in such cases. There was a little disagreement among the experts in the case that the crime was unrelated with mental symptoms or the criminals used drugs even though he knew it could induced insanity. But there were still many obvious disagreements among experts in the case that crime was related to such symptoms and person was no ability to debate. Most experts agreed to settle the disagreements with improved legislative perfection., Conclusion: Most experts are not strictly complying with the assessment guidelines during their practice, and there is still an obvious disagreement towards the criminal responsibility of drug-induced mental disorders.

A simple and effective sample enrichment method of frozen zone melting liquid-liquid extraction was optimized and validated for the analysis of trace N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in beer samples. The method was based on high pressure liquid-liquid extraction with a low temperature frozen step. The 90 mL beer was placed in a container with 10 mL dichloromethane. After agitation, the sample was kept in a freezer for 16 h at -19 degrees C. The organic extract was analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The accuracy, precision, detection and quantification limits and linearity of the method were evaluated. The results showed that the calibration curve of NDMA was linear in the range of 5-200 mg/L with a good correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.999 6. The recoveries at the spiked levels of 5, 10 and 20 mg/L were 84.94%, 83.24%, 85.14% with the relative standard deviations (n = 7) of 3.06%, 3.19%, 2.63%, respectively. The ordinary extraction method of N-nitrosodimethylamine in beer includes the four steps of low-temperature distillation, liquid-liquid extraction, rotary evaporation and nitrogen blowing concentration. With the extremely low volume of solvent used, the proposed extraction method proved to be easy and simple, and adequate for high-throughput analysis at low cost.

Objective: To explore the methods to assess the function disorder of patients with mild psychiatric impairment due to road traffic accidents., Methods: In contrast to that of the patient with physical impairment, the function disorder of the patient with mild psychiatric impairment was assessed by the standard assessment instruments, such as the Barthel index of ADL (BI), Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), Social Disability Screening Schedule (SDSS), Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL), Physical Self-maintenance Scale (PSMS), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL)., Results: Except BI, the each total score of FAQ, SDSS, ADL, PSMS, and IADL correlated well with the rank of psychiatric impairment. The difference of each total score of rating scales among different physical impairment rank was not statistically significant. At the impairment rank of level 10, the difference of each total score of FAQ and ADL was not significant between the two groups; each total score of BI, SDSS, and IADL in psychiatric impairment was higher than that of physical impairment, while the total score of PSMS in psychiatric impairment was lower than that of physical impairment. At the level 9, except PSMS, the each total score of BI, FAQ, SDSS, IADL and ADL in psychiatric impairment was higher than that of physical impairment. At the level 8, except BI and PSMS, the each total score of FAQ, SDSS, IADL and ADL in psychiatric impairment was higher than that of physical impairment., Conclusion: The different criteria for assessment of mild psychiatric and physical impairment may exist, and appropriate indexes for assessment between physical and psychiatric impairment need to be further elucidated.

A new kind of silica-bonded reserved stationary phase with s-triazine and amide polar groups embedded for HPLC was obtained by step-wise reactions of silica gel with s-triazine, gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, ethanediamine and dodecanoyl chloride. The new stationary phase was characterized by elemental analysis. After that, a column packed with the new stationary phase was used to separate basic compounds. A commercial C18 column was also tested under the same chromatographic conditions for comparison. The results indicated that the ligand was successfully bonded to the surface of the silica and the maximum relative deviations of element contents were within 5% for carbon, nitrogen and hydrogen by three times. Furthermore, in the separation of five basic anilines and four basic pyridines, the excellent selectivity and symmetrical peak shapes provided a reference for advancing the commercialization of the new stationary phase.

A sensitive high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-laser induced fluorescence detection (LIFD) method was developed for the determination of amines. The derivatization and separation conditions were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, spermidine, putrescine and histamine were analyzed. The limits of detection (LODs) of the three biogenic amines (S/N = 3) were as low as 10(-10) mol/L. This method showed excellent stability. The RSDs of retention times and peak areas of the three biogenic amines were lower than 0.3% and 3%, respectively. This method was applied in biogenic amine analysis in water samples, and the average recoveries were in the range of 94.99%-104.7%. Furthermore, the amines in seven tea samples were analyzed by this method, and satisfactory results were achieved. The developed assay is of excellent sensitivity and good reproducibility, which can be used in the analysis of the amines in water samples.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between colorectal adenocarcinoma with invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) component, lymphovascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis., Methods: One hundred and thirty one cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma with invasive micropapillary carcinoma component were evaluated by H&E and immunohistochemical staining. The main pathological features, percentage of IMPC component, lymphovascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis were assessed and compared to 296 cases of conventional colorectal adenocarcinoma., Results: The maximum diameter of the tumors of the IMPC group was significantly lower than the conventional group. The degree of differentiation, the lymph node metastatic rate, the average number of metastatic lymph nodes, the number of cases with lymphovascular tumor emboli were significantly higher in the IMPC group (P = 0.000). The rate of distant metastasis at operation was higher in the IMPC group (14.5%) compared to the conventional group (10.8%) even though statistical significance was not achieved (P = 0.278) . In IMPC group, as the IMPC component increased, the rate of lymph node metastasis also showed an increasing trend. The rate of lymph node metastasis were 53.0% (157/296) , 67.7% (42/62) and 85.5% (59/69) " respectively" for conventional adenocarcinoma, adenocarcinoma with ≤ 10% IMPC component and adenocarcinoma with > 10% IMPC component; the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.000)., Conclusions: Compared to conventional colorectal adenocarcinomas, the colorectal carcinomas with IMPC component show a significantly higher rate of lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. The percentage of IMPC component in colorectal adenocarcinoma is significantly correlated to the rate of lymph node metastasis. Therefore, presence of IMPC component and degree of tumor differentiation are predicting factors of lymph node metastasis.

Inhalable particulate has become the premier pollutant of Beijing, which has enormous influence on the environmental quality of the city and health of the residents. Inhalable particle pollutants (particulate matter of 0.3, 0.5, 3.0 and 5.0 microm) during the heating period and the non-heating period in 2008 and 2009 were collected, and spatial analysis was used to study the spatial distribution of each pollutant. Meanwhile, the hospital data about respiratory disease during the same time was gathered and counted. Then the relativity between inhalable particulate pollutants and respiratory disease was studied by grey correlation analysis on the base of regression analysis. The results showed that spatial distribution of fine particle was diverse but the pattern of coarse particle was similar. There was certain association between respiratory disease and inhalable particle pollutants. Heating period was the highest incidence period of respiratory disease. The prevalence of respiratory disease was higher in heating period than non-heating period. The concentration of fine particle was higher than that of coarse particle both in heating and non-heating periods, and fine particle had more effects on the respiratory system disease than coarse particle.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of mitral annuloplasty of anterior mitral valve prolapse with artificial chord and mitral annuloplasty ring., Methods: From March 2009 to December 2011, 32 patients having anterior mitral valve prolapse received mitral annuloplasty with artificial chord and mitral annuloplasty ring in our department, among which 27 simple anterior mitral valve plasty and 5 combine anterior-posterior mitral valve plasty were completed., Results: All patients survived. Postoperative echocardiography showed no or trivial mitral regurgitation in 28 patients and mild mitral regurgitation in the other 4 patients. The diameter of the left atrium (LA) and left ventricle (LV), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) obviously decreased after the operation. During the follow up of 3 months to 3 years, the cardiac function of the patients improved at different degrees., Conclusion: Reparation of anterior mitral valve prolapse with artificial chord and mitral annuloplasty ring is simple, reliable and effective, and its early to midterm result after the operation proves good.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the type 1 diabetic rats residual islet function and postoperative glycemia of gastric bypass procedure (GBP)., Methods: Intraperitoneal injection of STZ was used to produce type 1 diabetic rat model. According to the level of serum glucose, rats were divided into two groups: group 1 (fasting glucose 16.7-22.0 mmol/L, n=42) and group 2 (fasting glucose>22.0 mmol/L, n=54). Half rats of group 1 and group 2 received GBP, which were OP1 group (n=21) and OP2 group (n=27). The normal control group included 20 Wistar rats. The fasting glycemia and fasting C-peptide (C-P) were tested at postoperative weeks 1, 2, 3, and pancreas pathological slices were examined 3 weeks after surgery under microscope., Results: After GBP, the C-P was elevated and the glycemia was well controlled in OP1 group compared with group 1 (P<0.05). But the C-P was not significantly increased and the glycemia control was poor compared with group 2 (P>0.05). Pathological examination revealed that there were partial islets residual in pancrease of group 1, the islets were shown obvious hyperplasia in OP1 group after GBP. There were almost no islets residual in pancrease of group 2, and the islets were shown no obvious hyperplasia in OP2 group after GBP., Conclusions: Residual islet function determines the glycemia changes of type 1 diabetic rats after gastric bypass.

Objective: To explore the effect of a new triple-branched aortic arch covered stent graft on DeBakey Type I aortic dissection, and to assess its efficacy in comparison with traditional surgery., Methods: From January 2010 to November 2010, 38 patients of DeBakey Type I aortic dissection were treated surgically in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, in which 16 operations used triple-branched aortic arch covered stent grafts (stent graft group, SG group), 22 operations used traditional 4 sides branches aortic arch grafts (arch graft group, AG group)., Results: Compared with AG group, the cardiopulmonary bypass time[(138.1± 56.42) vs (179.21± 67.64) min], the clamp time [(98.56±28.08) vs (134.36±46.46) min] and the selective cerebral perfusion time[(27.3±14.76) vs (48.74±18.22) min] in SG group were obviously shortened(P<0.05). The volume of drainage 24 hours after operation in SG group also reduced[(608.93±308.15) vs (899.04±437.79) mL](P<0.05). The SG group had a lower rate of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (6.25% vs 27.3%) and duration of hospitalization[(16.15±6.68) vs (21.18±12.69) d](P<0.05). During a following-up period of 14 to 24 months,reexamination of aortic CT angiography showed that the triple-branched aortic arch covered stent graft expanded well, and attached to the wall satisfactorily, while the corresponding false lumen of the aortic artery disappeared and the distal false lumen was filled with thrombus. The life quality of patients were good., Conclusion: The new triple-branched aortic arch covered stent graft is appropriated for most patients with DeBakey Type I aortic dissection. Its use can simplify the aortic arch procedure,decrease the operation risk and has satisfactory results in early and middle stage after operation.