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[Purpose] We administered anabolic steroids (AS) to hemiplegic stroke patients and investigated the effect of the AS treatment in combination with general physical and occupational therapy focusing on gait and activities of daily living. [Subjects] The subjects were 19, initial onset, hemiplegic stroke patients who were in the recovery rehabilitation ward of our hospital. [Method] The subjects were randomly assigned to an AS treatment group (AS group) and a control group which did not receive AS. We measured isokinetic knee extension torque as the lower limb strength of the affected side. The intervention period was 6 weeks, and we compared the progress of lower limb strength of the two groups. [Results] In the study of all cases, no significant difference was found between the two groups in rate of muscle strength increase. However, for the cases with only slight paralysis, the muscle strength of the AS group had increased significantly compared to the control group after 6 weeks. [Conclusion] The results suggest administration of AS augments lower limb muscle strength of the affected side of hemiplegic stroke patients with slight paralysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]