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【Objective】In order to provide references for exploring the suitable application amount of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco K326 in dry land of Hezhou tobacco-growing area, the application amounts of different organic and inorganic compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco were compared.【Method】Taking fluecured tobacco variety K326 as experimental material, with conventional fertilization as control (CK), experiments were carried out in Fuchuan, Hezhou in 2021 to analyze the effects of different application amounts (1 500 kg/hm2, 1 725 kg/hm2, 1 950 kg/hm2)of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco on the yield and quality of K326.【Result】The yield and average single leaf weight of tobacco leaf increased with the increase of N application rate, and the output value of tobacco leaf and the proportion of superior tobacco were the highest under 1 950 kg/hm2 treatment.The nicotine content in the middle leaves was in the appropriate range under the treatments of 1 500 kg/hm2, 1 725 kg/hm2 and 1 950 kg/hm2, while the nicotine content in CK leaves was higher.The chemical composition coordination of the middle leaves was showed as: 1 500 kg/hm2 treatment > 1 725 kg/hm2 treatment > 1 950 kg/hm2 treatment > CK, and that of the upper leaves was showed as: 1 500 kg/hm2 treatment > 1 950 kg/hm2 > 1 725 kg/hm2 treatment=CK, and the overall composition coordination was the best under 1 500 kg/hm2treatment.The physical properties of the middle leaves ranked as: 1 500 kg/hm2 treatment > 1 950 kg/hm2 treatment > 1 725kg/hm2 treatment > CK and that of the upper leaves ranked as: 1 500 kg/hm2 treatment=1 725 kg/hm2 treatment=1950 kg/hm2treatment > CK.The sensory quality was better under the treatments of 1 500 kg/hm2 and 1 725 kg/hm2, which showed better aroma quality and sufficient aroma volume, and the irritation of the middle leaves was obviously less.The treatment of 1 725kg/hm2 got the highest score in comprehensive evaluation.【Conclusion】In Hezhou tobacco-growing area, the yield and quality of tobacco leaves were better when the application amount of organic and inorganic compound fertilizer for K326 fluecured tobacco was about 1 725 kg/hm2.

Background & Problems: Joint replacement wound stitches are typically not removed until two weeks after the operation. Therefore, patients with joint replacement must be able to execute proper wound care after discharge from the hospital to reduce the risk of wound infection. Prior data from Chang Gung Memorial Hospital's orthopedics ward indicate only 69% of joint-replacement patients are able to perform wound care properly at home. Potential causes for this noted by patients include age-related forgetfulness, being unable to discern redness or swelling in the wound, and language comprehension difficulties (i.e., Taiwanese vs. Mandarin). Poor rates of wound care may also be attributable to incomplete wound care education by nursing staff and wound care education being provided without adequate practice on the day of patient discharge. Purpose: This project was implemented to improve the accuracy of wound self-care performed by patients after joint replacement surgery and to enhance their related knowledge and wound-care technical correctness. Resolution: A wound care education checklist, wound care cue cards, wound care video clips, wound condition red flag cue cards, and customized wound care pack were proposed and implemented. Results: The rate of accuracy of wound self-care performance increased from 69% pretest to 98% posttest, showing the intervention to have effectively improved post-discharge wound care quality. Conclusions: To effectively improve the post-discharge accuracy of wound self-care in patients with joint replacement, the consistency of post-surgery wound care education given by nursing staff to patients should be improved, patients should be reminded of wound assessment and care steps, and patients should be aware that wound abnormalities require an immediate return to the hospital for follow-up treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atmospheric organic aerosols consist of both gas-phase organic compounds and particle-phase organic compounds. The components of aerosol particles (solid or liquid droplets) can undergo exchange or chemical reactions with gas-phase components, influencing atmospheric physical and chemical processes and potentially impacting atmospheric environment, climate, and human health. Methods for detecting organic compounds in aerosol particle phase are classified into offline and online detection. Offline detection methods involve collecting aerosol samples for analysis using chromatography-mass spectrometry, which is time-consuming and limited sensitivity. Online detection methods involve enriching aerosols through aerodynamic lens and then detecting them using laser ablation or electron impact ionization techniques. However, these methods usually generate a large number of ion fragments, making mass spectrum analysis difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an online detection method for aerosol particle-phase organic compounds with soft ionization and high sampling efficiency. In the present work, a set of aerodynamic lens sampling systems was designed and developed for online detection and analysis of organic compounds in aerosol particle phase. This sampling system consists of a gas-phase stripping module for removing gas-phase organic compounds, an aerodynamic lens module for particle focusing and enrichment, and a thermal desorption module for extracting particle-phase organic compounds. The efficiency of gas-phase organic compound removal and the particle transmission rate of the gas-phase stripping module were firstly investigated. The results showed that gas-phase stripping module achieves a removal efficiency of 98.89% for gas-phase organic compounds, and the particle transmission rate ranges from 75.16% to 91.15% for particles with the diameters between 295 and 375 nm. Subsequently, the effectiveness of the aerodynamic lens was studied through theoretical simulations. The simulation results indicated that the transmission rate of particles in the diameters of 0.36-6.0 μm is above 90% in the designed aerodynamic lens. Finally, The designed aerodynamic lens sampling system with a homemade proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) was integrated to develop an aerodynamic lens-PTR-MS device. This device was tested by detecting simulated aerosol samples containing reaction products of α-pinene and ozone. The mass spectrometry results demonstrated that the intensity changes of the examined ten ions are closely related to the presence of α-pinene, confirming that the device can achieve online detection of organic compounds in aerosols ranging from submicron to several micrometers.

Background Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is the most common fungal infection of central nervous system, caused by Cryptococcus neoformans infection of the meninges. The development and prognosis of CM depend on the patient's own immune function to some extent, and are relative to the imbalance of helper T lymphocyte (Th1/Th2). This study aims to explore the hidden role of the local Th1/ Th2 immune response in the pathophysiological process of CM. Methods The levels of Th1 cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Th2 cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). CSF cytology changes were monitored dynamically to understand the outcome status of patients with CM. Results The levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α in CM patients [(11.17 ± 1.50) and (18.74 ± 2.97) pg/ml, respectively] were significantly lower than that in control patients [(17.69 ± 2.34) and (28.83 ± 3.55) pg/ml; P = 0.000, for all]. However, the levels of IL-10 in CM patients [(43.65 ± 10.12) pg/ml] were significantly higher than that in control patients [(7.80 ± 1.30) pg/ml, P = 0.000]. The CSF IFN-γ and TNF-α levels in acute phase of CM patients [(11.17 ± 1.50) pg/ml and (18.74 ± 2.97) pg/ml, respectively] were significantly lower than that in stable phase of CM patients [(17.70 ± 2.34) and (22.93 ± 1.53) pg/ml; P = 0.000, for all]. On the other hand, the levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in the acute phase than that in stable phase [(43.65 ± 10.12) and (22.93 ± 7.39) pg/ml, respectively; P = 0.000]. The ratios of Th1/Th2 were used to assess the contribution of Th1/Th2 immunity in acute and stable phase of CM patients. The ratios of IFN-γ/IL-10 and TNF-α/IL-10 measured in acute phase of CM patients were significantly lower than that in control patients (P = 0.000, for all). These ratios in acute phase patients were also significantly lower than that in stable phase patients (P = 0.000, for all). Conclusions In acute phase, the Th2 response is dominant in patients with CM. However, the immune response shifts towards to Th1 response in the stable phase, providing direct evidence that the imbalance of Th1-Th2 cytokines is related to the pathogenesis of CM. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2014.08.007

Cryptococcus neoformans is a kind of encapsulated fungal organism that widely exists in the nature. Because of its neurotropic nature, the central nervous system becomes its major target organ. Cryptococcus neoformans can use "transcellular pathway", "paracellular pathway" and "Trojan horse approach" to cross blood-brain barrier, and then make the devastating diffusion. Despite antifungal therapy, the mortality rate remains between 10% and 25% in patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and at least one⁃third of patients have experienced failure of antifungal therapy. Consequently, it is very important for us to understand the pathogenesis of CM, to diagnose as soon as possible and to explore more reasonable treatment.