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Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We report a case of severe anemia in a patient with recurrence of ovarian cancer who underwent comprehensive treatment with the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) Tislelizumab combined with the paclitaxel + carboplatin (TC) regimen. The patient's medical history and additional diagnostic tests led to the consideration of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Following a blood transfusion, administration of high -dose corticosteroids and immunoglobulin, and consistent oral cyclosporine soft capsule maintenance therapy for over 2 months, the individual's hemoglobin concentration gradually increased to 110 g/L. Subsequent monitoring over a 3-month period indicated sustained stability in the hemoglobin levels. In patients receiving ICI therapy combined with cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy, severe hematological adverse reactions attributed to ICI are very rare among immune-related events. Early diagnosis is challenging, as these reactions can easily be confused with bone marrow suppression caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The earlier use of corticosteroids, the better the treatment outcome and prognosis of adverse reactions caused by ICI. Therefore, when combining clinical anti-tumor therapy with ICI in patients, it is important to pay attention to adverse reactions in the hematologic system and promptly identify them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the efficacy of tislelizumab combined with pemetrexed and carboplatin chemotherapy in elderly patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma and its effects on serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) levels. Methods: Ninety-four driver gene-negative elderly patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma admitted to the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from July 2021 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects. They were divided into chemotherapy group (pemetrexed combined with carboplatin, n=48) and tislelizumab group (pemetrexed+carboplatin+tislelizumab, n=46) by the random number table method, and both groups were treated for 4 cycles, with 21 days as a cycle. The clinical efficacy, immune function ［T lymphocyte subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+］ and serum indicators (IGF-1, IGFBP-3) before and after treatment were recorded in both groups, and the adverse reactions were assessed. Results: The clinical efficacy and objective response rate (58.70% vs 29.17%, χ2=8.329, P＜0.01) in tislelizumab group were significantly higher than those in chemotherapy group. After 4 cycles of treatment, the CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ and IGFBP-3 levels in both groups were significantly increased compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05), and the indicators in tislelizumab group were higher than those in chemotherapy group (P＜0.05); CD8+ and IGF-1 levels were significantly decreased in both groups compared with those before treatment (P＜0.05), and the indicators in tislelizumab group were lower than those in chemotherapy group (P＜0.05). Adverse reactions were mainly grade 1-2 in both groups, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion: The first-line therapy of tislelizumab combined with platinum-containing dual-drug for elderly advanced lung adenocarcinoma can improve the clinical efficacy, improve the balance of CD4+/CD8+, regulate the expression of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels. The adverse reactions are controllable, and the treatment regimen is safe and reliable.

The survival rate and quality of life of patients with advanced gastric cancer are low. Despite the continuous development and improvement of chemotherapy regimens for advanced gastric cancer, the survival rate of patients with advanced gastric cancer is still low. At present, not only are comprehensive treatment methods very limited for advanced gastric cancer, but there is also a lack of posterior treatment methods. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective treatment plans for advanced gastric cancer. In recent years, with the in-depth research on tumor immunology, immunotherapy has become a focus of attention. Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor, as an immunosuppressive drug, combined with chemotherapy, can not only maximize the clinical activity of immunosuppressive drug, but also establish a lasting immune response. At present, the combination of PD-1 inhibitors and platinum chemotherapy has shown high clinical application value in clinical research of advanced gastric cancer. This article reviews the research progress of PD-1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer, aiming to provide a basis for clinical application.

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies is the property of Editorial Department of Practical Pharmacy & Clinical Remedies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the response characteristics of patients with locally advanced/metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (nsq-NSCLC) treated with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy in the first line. Methods Patients with nsq-NSCLC who achieved complete or partial remission after treatment with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone in the RATIONALE 304 study, as assessed by an independent review board, were selected to analyze the response characteristics and safety profile of the responders. Time to response (TTR) was defined as the time from randomization to the achievement of first objective response. Depth of response (DpR) was defined as the maximum percentage of tumor shrinkage compared with the sum of the baseline target lesion length diameters. Results As of January 23, 2020, 128 patients treated with tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy achieved objective tumor response (responders), representing 57.4%(128/223) of the intention-to-treat population, with a TTR of 5.1 to 33.3 weeks and a median TTR of 7.9 weeks. Of the responders (128), 50.8%(65) achieved first remission at the first efficacy assessment (week 6), 31.3%(40) at the second efficacy assessment (week 12), and 18.0%(23) at the third and subsequent tumor assessments. The percentages of responders who achieved a depth of tumor response of 30% to <50%, 50% to <70% and 70% to 100% were 45.3%(58/128), 28.1%(36/128) and 26.6%(34/128), respectively, with median progression-free survival (PFS) of 9.0 months (95% CI: 7.7 to 9.9 months), 11.5 months (95% CI: 7.7 months to not reached) and not reached (95% CI: 11.8 months to not estimable), respectively. Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy were generally well tolerated in responders with similar safety profile to the overall safety population. Conclusion Among responders to tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy for nsq-NSCLC, 82.0%(105/128) achieves response within the first two tumor assessments (12 weeks) and 18.0%(23/128) achieves response at later (18 to 33 weeks) assessments, and there is a trend toward prolonged PFS in responders with deeper tumor response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effects of tislelizumab combined with PC regimen (pemetrexed + cisplatin) in the treatment of advanced lung cancer. METHODS: Totally 82 patients with advanced lung cancer in the hospital from Feb. 2021 to Feb. 2022 were extracted to be divided into the observation group (n =41) and the control group (n = 41) via the random number table method. The control group was treated with PC regimen, while the observation group received tislelizumab on the basis of the control group. The disease remission rate and adverse reactions were compared between two groups. Before treatment, after 2 cycles of treatment and after 4 cycles of treatment, the levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1), T lymphocytes, serum phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) were compared between two groups. RESULTS: The disease remission rate of 56. 10% (23/41) in the observation group was higher than that of 34. 15% (14/41) in the control group, with statistically significant difference (P < 0. 05). After 2 cycles of treatment and after 4 cycles of treatment, the serum levels of CEA, CA125, CYFRA21-1, PI3K and Akt in two groups were lower than those before treatment, and after 4 cycles of treatment were lower than after 2 cycles of treatment, and the observation group were lower than the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). After 2 cycles of treatment and after 4 cycles of treatment, the levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD4+ / CD8+ in the observation group were higher than those before treatment and higher than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (P >0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of tislelizumab combined with PC regimen in the treatment of advanced lung cancer is significant, which can reduce the level of tumor markers, inhibit the PI3K/ Akt signaling pathway and enhance immune function with higher safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, immunotherapy has made breakthroughs in the field of malignant tumors, and more and more novel immune checkpoint inhibitors have been developed, revolutionizing the first-line, second-line and post-line treatment options for malignant tumors. Tislelizumab is a domestically developed inhibitor of programmed death-1 (PD-1). The drug has shown good antitumor potential and safety in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma, uroepithelial carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cancer/gastroesophageal junction carcinoma. In this review, the structure and mechanism of action, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, clinical research and adverse reactions of tislelizumab are reviewed to provide reference for clinical application.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma in the real word. Methods We enrolled 32 patients with urothelial carcinoma who were treated with tislelizumab and chemotherapy (gemcitabine/cisplatin or paclitaxel). The incidence of treatment-related adverse reactions during treatment and the efficacy evaluation were statistically analyzed. Results All patients were divided into two groups: 15 patients in the tislelizumab combined with paclitaxel group and 17 patients in the tislelizumab combined with GC group. Among 24 efficacy-evaluable patients, the ORR was 54.2% and the DCR was 83.3%. The ORR were 50.0% and 58.3%, and the DCR were 75.0% and 91.7% in the tislelizumab combined with paclitaxel group and the tislelizumab combined with GC group respectively. Common treatment-related adverse reactions included anemia (56.3%), loss of appetite (53.1%) and skin pruritus (50.0%). The grade 3-4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 21.8% of patients. Common immune-related adverse reactions included skin toxicity (53.1%) and immune colitis (9.4%). Conclusion Tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy on urothelial cancer has significant curative effect, safety and controllability, but attention should be paid to immune-related adverse reactions.

Copyright of Cancer Research on Prevention & Treatment is the property of Cancer Research on Prevention & Treatment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To study the efficacy of tislelizumab combined with albumin paclitaxel in the treatment of advanced lung cancer, and to explore its effect on T cell subsets. Methods: 80 patients with advanced lung cancer who were treated in the hospital from July 2018 to October 2021 were selected and divided into monotherapy group and joint group according to different treatment methods, with 40 cases in each group. The monotherapy group received albumin paclitaxel treatment, and the joint group received tisleli beads combined with albumin. To compare the clinical efficacy, adverse reactions, serum IgA and IgG levels before and posttreatment, and peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets between the two groups of patients. Results: (1) The clinical treatment effective rate of patients in the joint group was 87.5 %, which was higher than the clinical treatment effective rate of 67.5 % in the monotherapy group (P<0.05); (2) Liver and kidney damage, vomiting, fatigue, and leukopenia in the two groups of patients posttreatment There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions such as neurotoxicity and hand-foot syndrome(P>0.05); (3) Serum IgA and IgG of patients in the joint group posttreatment were higher than those in the monotherapy group(P<0.05); (4) Study posttreatment, the ratio of CD4+ and CD4+ /CD8+ T lymphocytes in the group was higher than that of the monotherapy group (P<0.05), while the ratio of CD8+ T lymphocytes was lower than that of the monotherapy group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The treatment of tisleli beads combined with albumin paclitaxel can significantly improve the clinical treatment efficiency of patients with advanced lung cancer, but does not increase the incidence of adverse reactions, and can effectively improve the immune function of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development and maturity of anti-tumor immunotherapy technology, immune checkpoint inhibitors as one of the main methods of immunotherapy were increasingly widely used in clinical tumor cases, bringing new hope for many advanced cancer patients with poor response to traditional treatment, but at the same time, reported on adverse reactions of various organs related to this were also increasing, and the immune damage caused by them was harmful to patients, especially immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonia, immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis and immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated encephalitis, which could even seriously endangered the lives of patients. Therefore, it was necessary for clinicians to fully understand and master the mechanism, clinical characteristics, laboratory and imaging examination characteristics, diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis conditions, and treatment principles of adverse reactions that may be caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors, so as to find a more optimized anti-tumor treatment regimen and actively prepared for the treatment of possible immune-related adverse reactions. In this paper, we reported a case of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated severe pneumonia, referred to the relevant guidelines, introduced its clinical features, laboratory and imaging findings, difficulties encountered in the diagnosis and treatment process, briefly analyzed the causes, and reviewed the possibility of immune-related pneumonia should be considered when respiratory symptoms occurred in patients receiving immunotherapy; the increased ratio of blood neutrophil count to lymphocyte count, and the increased ratio of eosinophil count to lymphocyte count could be used as indicators to indicate immune-related adverse reactions in patients; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid examination and bronchoscopy and lung biopsy were helpful for the diagnosis; when immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated severe pneumonia occurred, in addition to symptomatic and sup-portive treatment, adequate glucocorticoid-based immunosuppressive therapy should be given in time, and combined with cytokines monoclonal antibodies and other biological agents, immunoglobulin co-therapy, but the current indications for the use of biological agents were not fully clear, and the use of high-dose immunosuppressive drugs might cause the risk of severe infection. Therefore, according to the relevant literature and the findings in the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment, this paper proposed that the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, CRP and other inflammatory mediators in patients may be used as a quantitative indication to initiate biological agent therapy and accumulate experience for better solving similar problems in the future.

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tislelizumab in patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: Six patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who received tislelizumab monotherapy in our hospital from 2018 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The information of sex, age, TNM stage, efficacy, and adverse reactions were collected. All patients were recruited from the RATIONALE 102 study. The primary end point was the objective response rate, and other end points included progression-free survival and overall survival. We performed tumor immune-related gene sequencing and transcriptome sequencing analysis on the tumor tissues of the patient, and used bioinformatics methods to enrich immune cells and analyze signaling pathways. All analyses were performed using R 4.1. 0 software, SPSS Statistics 24.0 software and GraphPad Prism 8. Results: As of May 31, 2020, the median follow-up time was 26.35 months. The objective response rate with tislelizumab was 50.0%, the median progression-free survival was 6.44 months, and the estimated median survival was 20.07 months. The incidence of grade 3 or higher adverse reactions was 66.7%, including hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypercalcemia, etc. The expression of macrophage, Treg and neutrophil-related genes are higher in immune-sensitive patients, and the signaling pathways of the intestinal immune network for IgA production, graft versus host disease and autoimmune thyroid disease are significantly activated. Conclusion: Tislelizumab was found to be controllable and tolerable in patients with recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The response to tislelizumab is related to immune cell infiltration and activation of immune-related signaling pathways., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Editorial Department of Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery.)