Search

Objective In this study, inbred BALB/c mice infected with the pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) were used to establish an animal model of viral pneumonia, and the changes in the pro-inflammatory alarmin molecule, high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), during PVM infection were observed, as well as the in vivo intervention effects of the HMGB1 inhibitor, glycyrrhizic acid (GA), on PVM-induced lung injury.Methods Three-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups, each consisting of 6 mice. One group, uninfected by PVM, served as the control group (Control). The other two groups were inoculated intranasally with PVM at a dose of 1×104 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50)/25 μL, and subsequently treated with GA saline solution (GA group) or plain saline solution (normal saline, NS group) via gavage for 15 consecutive days. During this period, changes in body weight and appearance were monitored in each group. At the end of the experiment, lung tissue samples were collected from all groups. The distribution of PVM and HMGB1 proteins in the lung tissues was analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of HMGB1 and its Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), advanced glycosylation end-product-specific receptor (AGER), and inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in lung tissues of mice were measured using real time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results Compared with the Control group, the NS group showed a significant weight loss after 6 days (P

ObjectiveTo provide a scientific basis to establish further prevention and control strategies， the epidemiological characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks from 2012 to 2021 in Jiangxi Province was analyzed.MethodsDescriptive analysis was conducted using foodborne disease outbreak data obtained from the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Reporting System for Jiangxi Province from 2012 to 2021.ResultsFrom 2012 to 2021， a total of 1 285 cases， 7，222 illnesses， and 48 deaths due to foodborne disease outbreaks occurred in Jiangxi Province. The case fatality rate was 0.66% （48/7 222）. Further， the mortality rates were found to statistically significantly differ among the different years （P≤0.001）. The number of foodborne disease outbreaks tended to increase within the 10 years， and most incidents occurred from May to September. Among the 768 confirmed single etiologic agents， poisonous mushroom was the cause of most incidents （50.78%； 390/768） and deaths （93.75%； 45/48）. Microbiological agents were responsible for most illnesses （49.41%； 2 266/4 586）. Salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were identified as the main pathogenic bacteria. Foodborne disease outbreaks mainly occurred among families and in catering services， with families having the largest number of incidents （64.75%； 832/285） and deaths （95.83%； 46/48）. Notably， the main pathogenic factor was poisonous mushrooms. Catering services were associated with the largest number of illnesses （51.77%； 3 739/7 222）， with microbiological agents as the main pathogenic factor.ConclusionPoisonous mushrooms caused the most deaths and mainly affected families. Microbial pathogenic factors were the main pathogenic factors in places offering catering services and schools. Rural families should be educated on the harm associated with the consumption of wild mushroom. Moreover， the supervision and management of food safety and health education should be promoted to reduce the incidence of foodborne disease and death.

ObjectiveTo understand the predominant multi-locus sequence typing types， their temporal and spatial distribution characteristics， and epidemic trends of Salmonella isolated from patients with foodborne diseases in Jiangxi Province， the corresponding relation between the serotypes and sequence types （STs） was analyzed.MethodsThree hundred and thirteen isolates from patients with foodborne diseases from 2014 to 2018 in Jiangxi Province were used as the research subjects. Multi-locus sequence typing was used to genotype the strains. The relation between the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the STs and serotypes was analyzed.ResultsThe 313 isolates were divided into 39 STs. The dominant STs were ST34 （32.59%）， ST11 （15.97%）， and ST19 （11.50%）. The most common ST types annually were ST34， ST11， and ST19. There were regional differences in the distribution of STs. Shangrao had the most STs （20）， followed by Fuzhou （15） and Jingdezhen （14）. The dominant STs in Nanchang， Xinyu， and Yingtan were ST11， ST19， and ST19， respectively， whereas the dominant ST type in the other cities was ST34. The 313 Salmonella isolates were classified into 30 serotypes. The dominant serotypes were S. serovars 4［5］，12：i：- （30.35%）， S. enteritidis （15.97%）， and S. typhimurium （14.06%）.ConclusionMany STs of Salmonella strains， but mainly ST34， ST11， and ST19， were isolated from patients with foodborne diseases in Jiangxi Province. The three dominant STs were distributed in different regions of Jiangxi Province， but there were also individual differences in the temporal and spatial distribution of the STs.

BackgroundFew studies have investigated the association between air pollution and arterial stiffness in Chinese population, and the findings are inconsistent. The problem of multicollinearity exists when modeling multiple air pollutants simultaneously. ObjectiveTo investigate potential association between air quality index (AQI) and population brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in Beijing. MethodsThis study retrieved medical examination data of 2971 participants from the Beijing Health Management Cohort, who were under 60 years old and not yet retired, from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019. The most recent medical examination data available were utilized for this analysis. AQI data from 35 air pollution monitoring sites in Beijing and meteorological data (including atmospheric pressure, air temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity) from 16 meteorological monitoring stations from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2019 were collected. An average AQI exposure level for 365 d before the date of physical examination for each participant was computed using inverse distance weighting. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between AQI and baPWV in Beijing, after adjusting for confounding variables including age, gender, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, atmospheric pressure, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, medication history of diabetes, medication history of hypertension, cardiovascular disease, education, smoking status, drinking status, and physical activity intensity. Subgroup analysis was performed by age, sex, presence of diabetes, and presence of hypertension. ResultsAQI demonstrated an overall decreasing trend during the study period and was lower in the northern regions and higher in the southern regions of Beijing. After adjusting the confounding variables, each 10 unit increase in AQI was associated with 6.18 (95%CI: 1.25, 11.10) cm·s−1 increase in baPWV in all participants, 8.05 (95%CI: 2.32, 13.79) cm·s−1 increase in the participants 0.05). ConclusionAn increase in long-term AQI levels is associated with an elevation in the degree of arterial stiffness. Individuals under 50 years old, females, without hypertension or diabetes are susceptible populations to arterial stiffness when being exposed to air pollution. Improving air quality may contribute to prevent arterial stiffness.

ObjectiveTo provide the scientific basis for control and prevention of bacterial foodborne diseases， the epidemiology characteristics of bacterial foodborne disease outbreaks in Jiangxi Province from 2015 to 2019 were analyzed.MethodsThe descriptive analysis was conducted on the data of bacterial foodborne disease outbreaks in Jiangxi Province reported through “Foodborne Disease Outbreak Reporting System” from 2015 to 2019.ResultsA total of 161 bacterial foodborne disease outbreaks were reported in Jiangxi Province from 2015 to 2019， including 1 682 patients and 794 hospitalizations. The average annual incidence was 0.73/100 000. And the most incidents occurred from May to October. Salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were the main pathogen factor of bacterial foodborne diseases， and the number of incidents and patients accounted for 45.4% （73/161） and 56.4% （949/1 682） of the total， respectively. Meat and meat products were the main causing food. Families， hotels or restaurants， rural banquets， school and office canteens were the main places of bacterial foodborne disease outbreaks. Improper processing and storage， contamination or spoilage of raw material were the main cause of outbreaks.ConclusionBacterial foodborne diseases is still a major public health problem in Jiangxi Province. In high-incidence seasons， supervision should be targeted at key foods and places， education and training should be targeted at the relevant personnel to strengthen the awareness of family food safety and reduce the occurrence of bacterial foodborne diseases.

EasySpin is a popular software for simulating and fitting a wide range of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra, and LabVIEW is a graphical programming language development environment. This paper introduces a graphical user interface (GUI) LV-EasySpin that is designed by using LabVIEW for EasySpin. LV-EasySpin provides an intuitive way to visually simulate and fit EPR multicomponent spectra. Through various examples, the design idea and implementation scheme of the GUI are illustrated in the paper. We hope this simple and easy-to-operate interface LV-EasySpin will reduce the difficulty for users analyzing EPR spectra.

Post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA is an essential step from RNA transcription to gene translation, the process includes mRNA splicing, nuclear export, translation, and decay. Post-transcriptional dysregulation in the brain is one of the causal factors of Alzheimer's disease. This review summarizes the dysfunctional post-transcriptional regulation of APP, MAPT and many other risk genes of AD identified so far. Meanwhile, RNA N6-methyladenosine methylation is the most abundant epitranscriptomic mark on mRNA and regulate almost every step in mRNA metabolism. Due to the abnormal expression of m6A regulators and participation in alternative splicing of risk genes in AD, the hypothesis proposes that post-transcriptional dys-regulation mediated by m6A may function as a novel pathogenic factor of AD .

Objective To identify potential target genes for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in cholangiocarcinoma. Methods DNA methylation 450K data and mRNA expression data of the TCGA CHOL project were downloaded. Probe-wise differential methylation analysis and differential expression analysis were performed through limma and DESeq2 in the IDH-mutant vs IDH-WT comparison. Then, Spearman correlation analysis was performed between the normalized expression levels of differentially expressed genes and the methylation levels of corresponding differentially methylated sites. Genes with high methylation, low expression, and strong negative correlation were screened for enrichment analysis to explore their functions. A protein interaction network was constructed and the core modules were found by MCODE. Results The analysis revealed 11 605 differentially methylated sites, of which 10 427 were hypermethylated; and 651 of the 735 differentially expressed genes were down-regulated. Among them, 143 down-regulated genes and 328 hypermethylation sites formed 330 strongly negatively correlated combinations. The above 143 genes are enriched in the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway, cell extravasation and cell division. By constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, 10 genes of its core module were identified, which were involved in biological processes such as epithelial cell differentiation and development, and cellular protein localization. Conclusions By integrating the TCGA cholangiocarcinoma transcriptome and DNA methylation data, the potential target genes for IDH mutations are obtained and the core modules of their PPI network are identified, providing new clues for the role of IDH mutations in the development of cholangiocarcinoma.

The names, brands, prices, specifications, ingredients, packaging materials, external packaging, qualities analysis and sensory evaluation of 27 pear ointment products in the market were studied. The results showed that the market prices of pear ointments accounted for high proportion in the middle and low range, unit prices were relatively high in the low range, and the unit prices were significantly correlated with the prices and specifications ( 0.01). The ingredients of 11 pear ointments were added with traditional Chinese medicine, and the traditional Chinese medicine with same origin of medicine and food were mainly used, and some pear ointments were added with ordinary foods. The sweeteners were mainly honey, rock sugar, granulated sugar and maltose. The soluble solid contents (SSC) of aqueous solution of pear ointments showed little difference with an average value of 13.4%, while the titratable acid (TA) contents showed great difference with a variation coefficient of 80.03%, ranging from 0.014% to 0.244%. The browning indices ranged from 0.497 to 1.680, and the variation coefficient was 26.25%, showing some differences. The mean transmittance was 46.64%, and the coefficient of variation was 63.73%, presenting great differences. According to the color, tastes, odor and tissue states, the sensory evaluation of the pear ointment products showed that the sensory qualities of LG01, LG02, LG03 and LG26 were better than that of LG08, LG09, LG13, LG15, LG16, LG19 and LG25. Correlation analysis showed that the darker the color, the higher the SSC and TA contents; the higher the SSC, the muddier the pear ointments, while the lower the overall sensory evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to in evacuation process, the characteristics of pedestrian dynamics have some obvious feature in inflow process. In inflow process, the destination is not clear; group cohesion among members is obviously; and there is a clear following behavior among group members. In this paper, pedestrian dynamics in inflow process is mainly studied, and group behavior effect on inflow dynamics is analyzed in detail. Then, an extended floor field model based on cellular automata for pedestrian and group behavior is proposed. In the model, perception capabilities of pedestrian are modeled with the idea of perception fan, and the group floor field is introduced to represent the effect of cohesion force, which is a wish to preserve the group cohesion and minimize the distances among group members. The transition probabilities are modified by the group floor field and threshold which is related to the decision making about walk or stop: when the gradient of total floor fields is lower than the threshold, pedestrians tend to ignore the small gradient and stay on their present cells. Simulation results successfully capture the phenomena of pedestrians' requirement for independent space and clustered together among group members. Inflow time and the minimal distance with other group members versus the impact factor of group size are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of methane adsorption isotherm experiments on bulk organic shale from the Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin were conducted at 35, 50 and 65 °C and the CH4 pressure up to 15 MPa under dry conditions. Comparing these experimental results to previously published methane adsorption data of different organic types and thermal maturity, the effect of the characteristics of organic matter on methane adsorption in shale were discussed. The results show that the Longmaxi shale follows Type II kerogen trend line in the In K-1/T diagram of different kerogen type, and the Langmuir maximum sorption capacity per ton rock is obviously less than that of three types of kerogen which were isolated from the shales in USA. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption on organic rich shale of Longmaxi Formation were determined based on the experimental CH4 isotherms. The heat of adsorption (q) and the standard entropy (Δs0) ranges from 19.8 to 25.4 kJ/mol and from -94. 0 to -111.1 J/(mol ⋅ K), respectively, which are close to the values of type II or III kerogen and greater than that of clay minerals. This indicates that the organic matter is the important adsorbent in shales. Note that the Langmuir maximum CH4 adsorption capacity per gram TOC of the Longmaxi shale is much greater than that of three types of kerogen in USA, which may indicate that this phenomenon is related to the pore structure micropore development in the shales of high thermal maturity, which needs to be investigated in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using coupling coordinated degree model, scissors difference methods, and coupling degree model, this paper analyzed the coupling coordinated status, development speed difference, and coupling development trend between economic and environmental systems in Shenyang Metropolitan Area in 1990-2009. In the study period, the coupling level of the relations between economic and environmental development was ascending, with the coupling degree increased from 0. 42 to 0. 89, which reflected the more and more harmonious relationships between economy and environment. The decrease of economic development speed and the increase of environmental construction speed reduced the scissor difference of the two systems from 0. 63° to 0. 22°, demonstrating the contribution of the economic development speed to the coupling coordinated status. The coupling degree between the economic and environmental systems stretched across in a [45°, 90°] region, which meant that the two systems were in a co-developing status. As the discrepancy between the development speeds of the two systems became smaller, the coupling degree was closer to 45°, and the two systems were becoming better coordinated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the psychosocial factors of patients with peptic ulcer at the Songjiang District in Shanghai. Methods A total of 75 patients with peptic ulcer (the sickness group) and 82 non-peptic ulcer patients (the control group) were compared and analyzed by self-made scale, eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ), social support rating scale (SSRS) in difference. Results The demographic characteristics of the two groups were compared and there was no statistical significance in difference (P>0.05). The smoking quantity and the smoking age of the objects in the sickness group were significantly more than those of the control group while the scores in emotional stability (N), internal-external tendency (E), subjective support and objective support, advantage degree and social support was distinctively lower than those of the control group. The difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion The peptic ulcer patients characterized in significant psychology required some targeted psychological interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon and sulfur content, Rock-Eval pyrolysis and the carbon isotopes of organic matter were analyzed using 124 fresh outcrop samples collected from the Ordovician Wufeng Formation to the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Shuanghe Town, Changning County in Sichuan Basin. The results show that TOC content is high (3.04% to 7.28%) in the Wufeng Formation and the lower part of the Longmaxi Formation, and the thickness of high TOC interval is about 20 m. The TOC content sharply decreases from 0.81% to 1.83% in the upper part of the Longmaxi Formation and then becomes stable with its content values less than 1%. The sulfur content ranges from 0.02% to 4.69%,with an average of 0.95%. The Δ13Corg values of the Longmaxi shale are concentrated in the range of -31.2‰ to -29.4‰, with an average of -30. 1%‰, indicating that organic matter is dominated by Type I and Type II. Combined with petrology and fossils characteristics of the Longmaxi Formation, the authors suggest that the main controls to the organic matter enrichment are sea level rise caused by global warming and the deep water reducing environment favorable for organic matter high productivity. In addition, a relatively slow deposition rate and reducing conditions lead to the better preservation of the organic matter. Therefore, the Wufeng Formation and the lower part of Longmaxi Formation marine shales with abundant TOC content in Sichuan basin is the main target for shale-gas exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three types of low mature organic-rich samples from US Green River shale (Type I kerogen), Woodford shale (Type II kerogen), and China Pearl River Mouth Basin( Type III kerogen) were chosen as the initial samples for pyrolysis simulation on hydrocarbon generation. A pyrolysis system of sealed gold tubes in high pressure vessels was employed to conduct pyrolysis experiments at two heating rates of 20 °C/h and 2 °C/h under a constant confining pressure of 24. 1 MPa. The yields of gaseous hydrocarbons (C1-5) and liquid hydrocarbons (C6-14 and C14+), and the carbon isotopic compositions of gaseous hydrocarbons (C1-C4) were measured to reveal the generation mechanism of shale gas. The results show that the organic matter conversion from organic-rich shales to oil and gas can be divided into three stages: oil generation, gas generation from oil secondary cracking and gaseous hydrocarbons cracking. At the stage of oil generation by the thermal decomposition of primary kerogen, the yields of liquid hydrocarbons increase rapidly with the increase of temperature, and reach the peak values at approximately 0. 9%- 1.1% Ro, whereas gaseous hydrocarbons show low yields. At the stage of oil secondary cracking, gaseous hydrocarbons increase rapidly in the yields associated with the decreases in the yield of liquid hydrocarbons. At the stage of gaseous hydrocarbons cracking, the gas yields increase slightly, whereas gas is getting drier and enriches in CH4. The carbon isotopes of gaseous hydrocarbons vary from heavier to lighter with the increase of temperature, and reach the lightest values before the end of oil cracking, and then become heavier. The partial reversals of carbon isotopic compositions of gaseous hydrocarbons at the stage of oil cracking is observed for Type I shale, i. e., δ13C1<δ13C2<δ13nC4. The results also suggest that shale gas is mainly derived from kerogen primary cracking and oil and gas secondary cracking, and shale gas content is constrained by the organic matter type and thermal maturity, and the Type I shale has the highest gas yield. The partial reversal distributions of carbon isotopic compositions of gaseous hydrocarbons in shale gas could be caused by oil secondary cracking, or the mixing of gaseous hydrocarbons from different stages of thermal maturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinnabaris is a traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) commonly used for sedation and tranquilization in clinics, and its safety has always been a concern. This study intends to investigate the species and tissue distribution of mercury in rats after continuous administration of Cinnabaris. In the experiment, 30 rats were randomly divided into the control group(equivalent to 0.5% carboxy-methyl cellulose sodium), low-dose Cinnabaris group(0.2 g·kg~(-1)), high-dose Cinnabaris group(2 g·kg~(-1)), pseudogerm-free control group(equivalent to 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), and pseudogerm-free Cinnabaris group(2 g·kg~(-1)). They were orally administered for 30 consecutive days. Ultrasound-assisted acid extraction method combined with high performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(HPLC-ICP-MS) was adopted to determine inorganic mercury [Hg(Ⅱ)], methylmercury(MeHg), and ethylmercury(EtHg) in different tissue, plasma, urine, and feces of rats. The optimal detection conditions and extraction methods were optimized, and the linearity(R~2&gt;0.999 3), precision(RSD&lt;7.0%), and accuracy(spike recoveries ranged from 73.05% to 109.5%) of all the mercury species were satisfied, meeting the requirements of analysis. The results of mercury species detection showed that Hg(Ⅱ) was detected in all the tissue of the five experimental groups, and the main accumulating organs were the intestinal tract, stomach, and kidney. MeHg existed at a low concentration in most tissue, and EtHg was not detected in all groups. In addition, pathological examination results showed that hepatocyte vacuolar degeneration, loose cytoplasm, light staining, and mononuclear cell infiltration were observed in the high-dose Cinnabaris group, low-dose Cinnabaris group, and pseudogerm-free Cinnabaris group, with slightly milder lesions in the low-dose Cinnabaris group. Hydrous degeneration of renal tubular epithelium could be seen in the high-dose Cinnabaris group and pseudogerm-free Cinnabaris group, but there was no significant difference between the other groups and the control group. No abnormal changes were found in the brain tissue of rats in each group. This paper studied the different mercury species and tissue distribution in normal and pseudogerm-free rats after continuous administration of Cinnabaris for 30 days and clarified its effects on the tissue structure of the liver, kidney, and brain, which provided supporting evidence for the safety evaluation of Cinnabaris.

Objective: To evaluate dietary exposure of cadmium and their potential health risks of adults in Jiangxi Province., Methods: The concentration data of cadmium of 11 kinds of foods were obtained from food safety monitoring in Jiangxi Province in 2012-2017. The food consumption data was obtained from food consumption survey in Jiangxi Province in 2016. Based on the deterministic assessment model, the dietary exposure of cadmium of adults in Jiangxi Province was calculated., Results: The average dietary exposure of cadmium was 18. 426 μg/kg per month, accounting for 73. 7% of the provisional tolerable monthly intake(PTMI). The large portion exposure(P95) of cadmium was 29. 724 μg/kg per month, accounting for 118. 9% of PTMI. The average and the large portion(P95) dietary exposure range of cadmium in different age groups were 16. 224-19. 774 and 24. 059-33. 387 μg/kg per month, respectively. It was indicated that the main dietary sources of cadmium were rice and vegetables, which were contributed more than 92% of total dietary exposure of cadmium., Conclusion: The potential health risks caused by dietary exposure to cadmium of adults in Jiangxi Province was at an acceptable level. But there were some potential health risks in high exposure population.

Objective To prepare a polyclonal antibody against S3 of Nelson Bay virus (NBV). Methods The E.coli BL21 (DE3) competent cells were transfected with the constructed Pris His MB-S3 recombinant plasmid. Protein expression was induced by IPTG. The target protein was purified by Ni-NTA column affinity chromatography to obtain a large amount of fusion recombinant protein, which was tested and used as the antigen for producing the S3 polyclonal antibody in rats. Results The relative molecular mass (M r ) of Pris His MB-S3 protein was around 39 000, in the form of inclusion bodies. NBV S3 polyclonal antibody was successfully produced from the immunized rats. The titer of the antibody was up to 1:64 000 determined by indirect ELISA. The indirect immunofluorescence assay verified that the S3 protein was successfully expressed in cells and distributed in a granular form in the cytoplasm. Conclusion The highly reactive and specific S3 protein polyclonal antibody is successfully prepared.

Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. With the growing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the number of hospitals performing bariatric surgery and surgical cases increase substantially. The problems in operation standardization, quality control of operation and postoperative management of the patients cause the failure in weight loss, hypoglycemia and severe complications, and revisional surgery is often required to correct the condition. We report a case of laparoscopic revisional surgery following nonstandard gastric bypass, and the reasons for failure of weight loss in first bariatric surgery, the current situation of bariatric surgery and revisional metabolic surgery were analyzed. This case demonstrates the clinical necessity of revisonal bariatric surgery and the importance of selection of the surgical approaches and indications.

Objective: To construct recombinant adenovirus expressing nerve growth factor (NGF) and myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG) (Ad-NGF-MAG) and to investigate its effect on repair and regeneration of sciatic nerve injury in rats., Methods: NGF and MAG gene sequences were cloned into shuttle plasmid pCA13 of adenovirus type 5. After packed in HEK293 cells, the recombinant Ad-NGF-MAG underwent sequence and identification. Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n =8): control group (normal control), adenovirus vector group (Ad group), Ad-NGF group, and Ad-NGF-MAG group. The sciatic nerve injury model was established by transection of the right sciatic nerve; then, the empty adenovirus vector, Ad-NGF, and Ad-NGF-MAG were injected into the gastrocnemius muscle of the affected limb at a dose of 1×10 8 PFU every other day for 3 times in Ad group, AdNGF group, and Ad-NGF-MAG group, respectively. The right sciatic nerve was exposed only, and then the incision was closed in the control group. The sciatic nerve function index (SFI) was measured, and neuro-electrophysiology was observed; mRNA and protein expressions of NGF and MAG were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot; and histological examination was performed at 31 days after operation., Results: Recombinant adenovirus vectors of Ad-NGF and Ad-NGF-MAG were constructed successfully. All rats survived and incision healed by first intension. The SFI, nerve conduction velocity, evoked potential amplitude, and latent period of Ad-NGF-MAG group were significantly better than those of Ad group and Ad-NGF group ( P <0.05). MAG mRNA and protein expressions of Ad-NGF-MAG group were the highest in all the groups ( P <0.05). The expressions of NGF mRNA and protein increased in Ad-NGF group and AdNGF-MAG group when compared with control group and Ad group ( P <0.05). Histological examination showed that the nerve had good continuity in control group; nerve fibers disarranged in Ad group; neurons connections formed in some nerve fibers of Ad-NGF group, but nerve fibers arrange disorderly; and the growth of the nerve were ordered and wellstructured in Ad-NGF-MAG group., Conclusions: Ad-NGF-MAG can effectively promote the growth of the nerve and inhibit the form of abnormal branches, facilitating the repair of sciatic nerve injury in rats.

Objective: To investigate the effect of c-Met inhibitor cabozantinib (XL-184) in inhibiting Listeria monocytogenes (LM) from invading Caco-2 cells to reduce the cell injury., Methods: The cell invasion capacity of LM was assayed in Caco-2 cells incubated with different doses of XL-184 for different durations. Caco-2 cells incubated with XL-184 were seeded on the upper room of the transwell chamber, and the cell monolayer was exposed to LM infection followed by addition of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The trans-epithelial electric resistance (TEER), HRP concentration and LM colony-forming unit (CFU) were measured in the cell monolayer. Fluorescent staining was used to evaluate the cell viability, and LDH release from the cells was examined to assess the changes in cell membrane permeability., Results: XL-184 significantly decreased LM invasion rate in Caco-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner (P=0.000), and this effect was enhanced by co-incubation of the cells with ampicillin (P<0.05). In the cell membrane permeability assay in the monolayer cells, XL-184 markedly inhibited LM-induced reduction of TEER (P<0.05) and significantly suppressed LM-induced enhancement of cell membrane permeability shown by reduced HRP concentration and LM count in the lower chamber (P=0.000). The cells infected with LM showed significantly lowered cell viability, which was rescued by XL-184 (P<0.01); XL-184 also dose-dependently reduced LDH release from the cells (P<0.05)., Conclusions: XL-184 can suppress LM invasion in Caco-2 cells to reduce the cell injury, suggesting its value as a promising candidate agent for prevention and treatment of LM infections.

Objective: To establish the mass spectrometry database of Salmonella species by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry., Methods: By use of standard stains representing 21 species of Salmonella, a reference database was established MALDI-TOF-MS-based species identification. The profiles of colonies in the identical culture condition with different times were analysed for each of standard strains. To evaluate the database, 200 blind-coded isolates were tested by the established database and the original database., Results: The positive rate of identification by the original database, the established database and conbine-database were 87.5%, 97.0% and 97.5%. 21 Salmonella strains were divided into 3 types by MALDI-TOF-MS at distance level of 500. PCA of the reference strains showed difference between them. There were little changes of mass spectrometric data of several strains in different culture condition., Conclusion: The established database could expand the original one and be used for identification of Salmonella species. The strategy may be fit for other bacteria.

Twenty-four endophytic actinomycetes strains were isolated from the Salvia przewalskii in Tibetan Plateau of China by tablet coating method. Fusarium moniliforme, Helminthosporium turcicum and Bipolaris maydis were selected as indicator fungi to test the antimicrobial activities of these endophytic actinomycetes by tablet confrontation method. The results showed that 21 strains can produce antimicrobial substances which accounts for 85.7% of the total separates number. Four strains of endogenous actinomyces have more obvious antifungi activity. According to results of morphology and culture properties and 16S rDNA sequences of endophytic actinomyces, it is concluded that all of the isolates were streptomycetes trains.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the concentration of serum magnesium and the short-term outcome of patients with acute ischemic stroke, in order to provide evidence for improving the outcomes., Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke under study, were from four hospitals in Shandong province. Data on demographic characteristics, life style related risk factors, history of cardiovascular disease, blood pressure at admission and other clinical characteristics were collected for all the participants. The outcomes were defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) ≥ 10 or death. According to NIHSS, the subjects were divided into two groups: death/NIHSS ≥ 10 and NIHSS < 10. Concentrations of Mg(2+) were categorized into four levels according to the quartiles of serum magnesium. Cox proportion hazard regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between serum magnesium concentrations and the short-term outcome of acute ischemic stroke., Results: In the death/NIHSS ≥ 10 group, concentrations of serum magnesium and the time from onset to admission were lower than that in the NIHSS < 10 group while the systolic blood pressure on admission, the proportion of low density lipoprotein abnormal, impaired fasting glucose and history of auricular fibrillation were all higher than that in the NIHSS < 10 group. Without the adjustment of multiple factors, when comparing to the lowest quartile of serum magnesium level, the fourth quartile (highest) seemed to have had a tendency of reducing the risk of death/NIHSS ≥ 10 (RR = 0.47, P < 0.05). When multiple factors were adjusted (adjust serum calcium, potassium level and other factors), the fourth and the third quartiles could both reduce the risk of death/NIHSS ≥ 10 (RR values were 0.39 and 0.54, P < 0.05, respectively). With or without the adjustment of multiple factors, there appeared a dose-response relationship between serum magnesium concentrations and the risk to death/NIHSS ≥ 10 (trend P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Higher serum magnesium concentrations could reduce the risk to death/NIHSS ≥ 10, suggesting that there was a dose-response relationship between magnesium and the risk to death/NIHSS ≥ 10.

Objective: To explore the association between quality of sleep and quality of life among residents of Suzhou city., Methods: A total of 3225 residents at the age of 18 - 55 years old in Suzhou city were selected through a clustered sampling method. All the participants were comprehensively evaluated on their quality of sleep by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and on their quality of life (QOL) by SF-36 quality of life scale. Partial canonical correlation analysis was performed., Results: Negative relationships were noticed between all the dimensions of sleep quality white all the QOL domains remained significant when the confounding effect of age, gender, marital status, occupation and cultural level were adjusted. The first pair of canonical correlation variances showed statistically significant differences, with 0.7978 of canonical correlation coefficient, 1.7505 of eigenvalue, and 92.43% of proportion. Data on daytime dysfunction, sleep disturbances and subjective sleep quality were inversely associated with factors as vitality, general health perceptions and mental health, respectively, after controlling for covariates. The inverse relationship between the quality of sleep and the quality of life mainly manifested the following aspects: the association between the status of daytime dysfunction, sleep disturbances, subjective quality of sleep and vitality, general health perceptions and mental health., Conclusion: Quality of sleep had influenced the quality of life, overall health and mental health. Daytime dysfunction, sleep disturbances and subjective sleep quality seemed the main factors in Suzhou city. Intervention programs related to improving the sleep need to be popularized among the residents, so as to make the quality of life better.

An HPLC method was established for the determination of the related substance in erdosteine. Waters ODS-SunFire (250 mm x 4.6 mm ID, 5 microm) column was used, the mobile phase was composed of methanol-acetonitrile-0.01 mol x L(-1) citric acid (20:4:76, the pH value was adjusted by triethylamine to 2.5). The flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 254 nm. The related substances in the sample of erdosteine taken were calculated by self control with or without the response factor of impurity relative to that of erdosteine. Under the chromatographic condition developed, the impurities in erdosteine were isolated well. The detection limit was 0.2 microg x mL(-1) (signal/noise = 3) by principal component calculated. The method can be adopted to control the related substances in erdosteine.

Slow transit constipation(STC)is the common type of chronic idiopathic constipation. Due to failure of routine conservative treatment, laxatives abuse is the most choice for majority of the patients, which could damage the enteric nervous system and result in aggravation of constipation. Resection of the slow transit colon is the ultimate option for some patients. It is hard to prevent and treat STC clinically because of the unknown pathophysiologic mechanism. Abnormalities of enteric neurotransmitters such as VIP, SP, NOS and decreased number of interstitial cells of Cajal have been described in the colon of the patients with STC. However, long term application of stimulant laxatives can also result in the almost same changes in the colon. Exploration of the potential relationship among the above reported abnormalities is the direction of future study.

A method of liquid chromatographic retention time-dependent intelligent selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (iSRM MS) was established for the identification of targeted proteome, and was compared in detail with the method without liquid chromatographic retention time-dependent iSRM MS in the analysis results of different samples, such as the peptide mixtures from bovine serum albumin, six standard proteins or Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis extract digested by trypsin. The results showed that the throughput of the identified peptides and the proteins was evidently increased with the method of liquid chromatographic retention time-dependent iSRM MS, especially in the complex sample such as Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis extract. The coverage of the identified peptides and proteins from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis extract was reached 89.62% and 92.41% of the number of targeted peptides and proteins respectively. Higher sensitivity and reproducibility were also obtained. In addition, peptides with the same m/z but different retention times could be identified accurately when the method was used. With the higher throughput, better sensitivity and excellent reproducibility, the method of liquid chromatographic retention time-dependent iSRM MS can play an important role in the identification of targeted proteomes of complex biological samples in the future.

Objective: To study the overweight and obesity situation among Mongolian ethnic children and adolescents in the last 25 years and to provide a basis on related prevention and control measures., Methods: A cross-sectional study was used, with 18 366 aged 7 to 18 Mongolian ethnic children and adolescents involved. Surveys on their physical health, in 1985, 2000 and 2010 were carried out. Comparison on the mean of BMI and the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in different years, genders, location of residence (urban or rural) was also made., Results: Over the past 25 years, among the aged 7 to 18 Mongolian ethnic children and adolescents, the overall trend on their means of BMI was increasing. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity in Mongolian ethnic children and adolescents were 2.1%, 0.5% in 1985, and 6.3%, 2.4% in 2000, with an increase of 2 to 4 times during the last 15 years. The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were substantially increasing in the year 2010, to have reached 9.1% and 6.6%, which were 4 to 12 times of the figures in 1985. The detection rates of overweight and obesity in urban boys were 1.2%, 0 in 1985, 7.9%, 3.4% in 2000 and 11.0%, 11.8% in 2010. However, the rate of obesity in the rural boys were 0.6% and 0.6% in 1985, 2.8%, 2.1% in 2000 and 9.0%, 3.4% in 2010. In 1985 the rates of overweight and obesity in urban girls were 1.8%, 0.3%, 8.1%, 4.3% in 2000 and 9.4%, 8.4% in 2010. However, among the rural girls, the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity prevalence was 8.8%, 2.2% in 1985, 4.5%, 0.9%, in 2000 and 10.2%, 4.5% in 2010. The rates of overweight and obesity among groups in different years showed significant differences (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Over the past 25 years, the prevalence rates on overweight and obesity increased significantly in Mongolian ethnic children and adolescents, and continued to rise, which called for reasonable and effective measures to be taken to prevent and control the occurrence of the problem.

Objectives: To retrospectively analyze the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis using minimally invasive and open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), and compare the clinical results of two techniques., Methods: From June 2006 to May 2010, 371 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis grade 1 and 2 were treated with TLIF, pedicle screw fixation and followed up. The mean age was 50.4 years (range, 37 - 85 years). There were 172 patients who underwent minimally invasive TLIF and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation were set as the MIS-TLIF group, 199 patients who underwent open TLIF and pedicle screw fixation were set as the OTLIF group. The operative time, blood loss, X-ray exposure time and complications were compared between the two groups. Clinical outcome was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) and the Oswestry disability index (ODI). Fusion rates were determined by using CT scan reconstruction and dynamic lumbar radiography in last fellow-up., Results: The average follow-up duration was 32.7 months with a range of 12-58 months. The gender, age, classification of spondylolisthesis and level of fusion showed a identical pattern in both groups. The mean intra-operative blood loss (310 ± 75) ml and postoperative blood loss (38 ± 13) ml in MIS-TLIF group were significantly superior to the intra-operative blood loss (623 ± 156) ml and postoperative blood loss (184 ± 72) ml in OTLIF group (t = 2.836 and 3.274, P < 0.01). Comparing with the OTLIF group (20 ± 10) s, the MIS-TLIF group had a significantly longer radiation time (51 ± 19) s (t = 2.738, P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in operating time, lower back pain VAS scores, ODI scores and incidence of complication between the two groups., Conclusions: Comparing with open TLIF, minimally invasive TLIF is a safe and reliable procedure for treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis grade 1 and 2 with potential advantages.

Objective: To classify the leaves of Chimonanthus nitens, Chimonanthus Salicifolius, Chimonanthus zhejiang and their fried samples, Discriminating equation was established to distinguish categories of raw materials., Methods: The spectra of three kinds of Chimonanthus and fried samples were determined by FTIR. Principal component analysis, clustering analysis and discriminative analysis were applied to classify three kinds of Chimonanthus leaves and fried samples from different areas according to the relative absorbance of common peaks between 400 to 4000 cm(-1)., Results: 26 samples were divided into four classes, the discriminating accuracy was 96%., Conclusion: The method is rapid, simple and could be applied to evaluate the quality of Chimonanthus leaves without damaging to sample, and it is easy to identify the adulteration.

Objective: To develop a gas chromatography method for determination of residual solvents in 7-amino-3-chloro cephalosporanic acid (7-ACCA)., Methods: The residual levels of acetone, methanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, isobutanol, pyridine and toluene in 7-ACCA were measured by gas chromatography using Agilent INNOWAX capillary column (30 m × 0.32 mm,0.5 μm). The initial column temperature was 70° maintained for 6 min and then raised (10°C/min) to 160°C for 1 min. Nitrogen gas was used as carrier and FID as detector. The flow of carrier was 1.0 ml/min, the temperature of injection port and detector was 200°C and 250°C, respectively., Result: The limits of detection for acetone, methanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, isobutanol, pyridine, toluene in 7-ACCA were 2.5 μg/ml, 1.5 μg/ml, 15 μg/ml, 2.5 μg/ml, 2.5 μg/ml, 2.5 μg/ml and 11 μg/ml, respectively. Only acetone was detected in the sample, and was less than the limits of Ch.P., Conclusion: The method can effectively detect the residual solvents in 7-ACCA.

Protein phosphorylation in bacteria is important for signaling and metabolic activity. Clostridium acetobutyicum can synthesize high yield of organic solvent under acidic condition. How solventogenesis is regulated at molecular level in this bacterium, is not clearly elucidated yet. We used two dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry to have a differential analysis of the bacterial proteins from Clostridium acetobutylicum at acedogenic and solventogenic stage. We focused on these iso-spots with similar molecular mass and different pI values. Totally, eight string spots were identified, which displayed significant changes of pI values as well as spot volumes in response to solventogenic development. The data acquired from mass spectrometry demonstrated that all of the iso-spots contained the phosphrylated peptides. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that these proteins partake in the pathways of solvent synthesis.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the -344T/C polymorphism of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) gene and essential hypertension in Chinese Mongolian population., Methods: By cluster-sampling method, a total of 1575 Mongolian people in Tongliao city of Inner Mongolia were included in this study. And 417 subjects were normotension, 596 subjects were prehypertension and 562 subjects were essential hypertension. A survey was conducted to collect data by personal interview using a standard questionnaire, meanwhile fasting blood samples were drawn. Height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood-fat indexes and fasting plasma glucose were measured. The variant genotypes of CYP11B2 were identified by PCR assays. The relationship between the -344T/C polymorphism of CYP11B2 gene and essential hypertension were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression model., Results: Crude prevalence of prehypertension among Mongolian people was 37.84% (596/1575) and hypertension was 35.68% (562/1575). The age-standardized prevalence of prehypertension was 38.57% and hypertension was 31.53%. The frequency of the T and C allele was 0.66 (481/728) and 0.34 (247/728) for normotension group, 0.69 (696/1042) and 0.33 (346/1042) for prehypertension group, 0.71 (706/998) and 0.29 (292/998) for hypertension group. The multiple logistic models showed CYP11B2 variant genotypes were associated with prehypertension (TT/CC, OR = 1.33, 95%CI: 0.87 - 2.01; TC/CC, OR = 1.74, 95%CI: 1.13 - 2.67; TC + TT/CC, OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.01 - 2.22); CYP11B2 variant genotypes were associated with hypertension (TT/CC, OR = 1.70, 95%CI: 1.07 - 2.70; TC/CC, OR = 1.59, 95%CI: 0.98 - 2.50; TC + TT/CC, OR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.06 - 2.58)., Conclusion: CYP11B2 gene -344T/C polymorphism were associated with essential hypertension in Chinese Mongolian population.

Aim: To approach the expression and its significance of connection tissue growth factor in articular cartilage during repair after full-thickness cartilage injury in young rabbit model., Methods: Young rabbit model of spontaneous healing of full-thickness cartilage defect in the medial femoral knee condyle was reproduced in present study. A total of twenty-five young New Zealand white rabbit were randomly divided into five groups: control group, 24 hour group, 1 week group, 4 week group and 8 week group after full-thickness cartilage injury (5 each). The mRNA and protein expression of CTGF were detected with RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively., Results: The morphologically good repairs with hyaline-like cartilage appearance were observed at 8 weeks after injury. The expression of CTGF mRNA was detected in all groups. Expression of CTGF mRNA was significantly higher in all groups after cartilage injury than in control group(P<0.05).The immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of CTGF was positive in all groups, and immunolocalization was observed in the middle and deep zone., Conclusion: The up-regulated expression of CTGF is accompanied with spontaneous healing of full-thickness cartilage defect in young rabbit, and CTGF may play a role in the repair of articular cartilage injury.

The analysis of membrane proteins is still a technical obstacle in proteomic investigation. A fundamental question is how to allow the hydrophobic proteins fully solubilizing in a proper solvent environment. We propose that the denatured membrane proteins in high denaturant solution are fully ionized and separated through ion exchange chromatography. The membrane proteins prepared from a mouse liver were dissolved in 4 mol/L urea, 20 mmol/L Tris-HCl buffer (pH 9.0), and loaded onto a tandem chromatography coupled with Q-Sepharose FF and Sephacryl S-200HR. With a linear NaCl gradient elution, the bound proteins were eluted and collected followed by sodium-dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to further separate the eluted proteins. The protein bound on SDS-PAGE were excised and in-gel digested by trypsin, while the digested peptides were delivered to reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ion-trap mass spectrometry for the peptide identifications. Of a total of 392 proteins identified, 306 were membrane proteins or membrane associated proteins reported by literature. Based on the calculation of hydrophobicity, the GRAVY (grand average of hydropathicity) scores of 83 proteins are over or equal to 0.00. Taking all the evidence, we have established an effective approach which is feasible in the investigation towards mouse liver membrane proteomics.

Objective: To explore the interaction between C (-344) T polymorphism of CYP11B2 and drinking index (DI) as well as their impact on the risk of hypertension in Chinese Mongolian population., Methods: A total of 1575 Mongolian people aged 20 and older including 562 hypertensive and 1013 normal-tensive from agricultural and pastoral areas in Tongliao city of Inner Mongolia, were included in this study. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect data by personal interview with local residents, using a standard questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were drawn and height, weight and blood pressure were measured. The variant genotypes of CYP11B2, ACE and eNOS were identified by PCR assays. Gene-environment interactions were analyzed, using multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) model. Based on the result of the best MDR model, a multiple logistic regression model was constructed as the final cause-effect interpretative model., Results: The interaction between CYP11B2 variant genotype and drinking index appeared the best MDR model with statistical significance (chi(2) = 66.35, P < 0.01). Testing balance accuracy of the model was 0.604. The cross-validation consistency was 10/10. Data from the final multiple logistic regression based on the MDR model showed that the main effects of both CYP11B2 variant genotype and the DI were not significantly different but the interaction between the genotype (TC) and the DI (90-) was, with regard to hypertension (OR, 10.25; 95%CI, 2.23 - 47.18; P = 0.003). The combined effects between CYP11B2 variant genotype and the DI showed that following indices as: genotype TT or TC combining non-zero drinking index, including genotype (TT) combining the drinking index (> or = 168), the genotype (TT) combining the drinking index (> or = 40), the genotype (TT) combining the drinking index (> or = 1) and the genotype (TC) combining the drinking index (> or = 90), were all risk factors of hypertension when comparing with genotype (CC) combining the drinking index (0), and the ORs (95%CI) appeared to be 2.07 (1.15 - 3.70), 2.35 (1.22 - 4.56), 2.05 (1.07 - 3.94) and 5.56 (2.54 - 12.18) respectively., Conclusion: Essential hypertension might positively be affected by the interaction of the C (-344) T polymorphism of CYP11B2 and the drinking index in Chinese Mongolian population.

The study is aimed to establish a RP-HPLC method for determination of luteolin from the extracts of Elsholtzia blanda (EEB) in rats' biological specimen. A RP-HPLC method was established for determination of free and total luteolin in SD rats' plasma and gastrointestinal tract and total luteolin in SD rats' heart, liver, lung and kidney at 0.17, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after administration of EEB to 24 male SD rats (4 rats per one time spot). Luteolin glycoside was hydrolyzed to aglycone luteolin in intestinal tract, and then luteolin was absorbed. The main form of luteolin existed in gastrointestinal tract after administration of EEB is aglycone. The content of luteolin in liver and kidney were higher than that in heart and lung. The content of luteolin in kidney, heart and lung were showed max at 1 h. Its peak time was similar to that in blood. However, in liver, the drug was distributed quickly, and showed max at 0.17 h. And because of the sensitivity of the method, luteolin was not be detected in other tissues. The method is sensitive, specific, accurate, and is appropriate for determination of luteolin in vivo.

Objective: To evaluate the results of micro-endoscopic revision surgery for recurrent disc herniation, and compare the results of disc excision with and without interbody fusion., Methods: A total of 32 patients included who had undergone micro-endoscopic revision discectomy for recurrent disc herniation with or without interbody fusion has been surveyed to assess their clinical outcome. The 27 patients who had been followed were divided into two groups; the micro-endoscopic discectomy alone 14 cases, the micro-endoscopic discectomy with interbody fusion 13 cases. With an average follow-up of 25.5 months. Clinical symptoms were assessed based on the VAS scores and Nakai criteria. All medical and surgical records were examined and analyzed, including intraoperative blood loss, length of surgery, and postsurgery hospital stay et al., Results: The statistical difference in the postoperative back pain and leg pain score compared with preoperative score were significant (P < 0.05) or very significant (P < 0.01). Clinical outcomes were excellent or good in 92.8% of patients undergoing a micro-endoscopic discectomy alone, and in 85.5% of patients with interbody fusion. The statistical difference between the fusion and non-fusion groups was insignificant (P = 0.793). But the two groups intraoperative blood loss, length of surgery, length of hospitalization and expenses were significantly less in patients undergoing discectomy alone than in patients with interbody fusion., Conclusions: Micro-endoscopic revision surgery for recurrent disc herniation is very effective and safety. Micro-endoscopic discectomy alone is first choice for managing recurrent disc herniation.

Objective: To investigate the pathological expression and significance of VEGF in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis., Methods: The expression of VEGF in the synovial tissues of cacroiliac joint of patients with active AS was detected by using in situ hybridization and the results were compared with those in the patients with pelvic fracture using image analysis system., Results: The positive expressions of VEGF in the synovial tissues of cacroiliac joint of patients with active AS were stronger than those in the control group (P<0.01)., Conclusion: VEGF are important factors in patients with active AS. They are tightly correlated with the process of osteoclasia and pathological new bone formation in the cacroiliac joint of patients with active AS. If we can reduce the expressions of VEGF in the patients with active AS, the process of osteoclasia and pathological new bone formation will be interrupted and this provides a new strategy for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis.

An RP-HPLC method for determination of luteolin from Elsholtzia blanda Benth. extracts in rats' plasma was established and the pharmacokinetics of luteolin in rats was studied. Drug blood samples from caudal vein were gotten after oral administration of luteolin. Plasma samples were determined by RP-HPLC after being deproteinized with trichloroacetic acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.37-47.27 microg x mL(-1). The limit of quantification was 0.37 microg x mL(-1). The method recovery of luteolin was 93%-99%. The extract recovery was 75%-85%. RSDs of intra-and inter-day precisions were less than 5%. The concentration-time curve of luteolin after oral administration of Elsholtzia blanda Benth. extracts was fitted to two compartment open model. Two factors analysis of variance were adopted in the evaluation of gender and time spots for collection of blood. The result suggested that the gender-based difference in blood-drug concentrations had statistical significance. The metabolite in blood was identified as galcuronide. The method is sensitive, specific, accurate, and is appropriate for determination of luteolin in vivo.

The paper summarizes the interactions between luteolin (glucosides) and drug-metabolizing enzyme from the literature of recent years and our research work. The metabolism of luteolin is chiefly mediated by phase II metabolic enzyme. Its glucosides are firstly hydrolyzed into aglycone in intestinal tract, and then absorbed and metabolized. Luteolin has the effect on the induction of CYP3A, and on the inhibition of CYPIA, 1B and 2E. Also, luteolin is an effective inhibitor of CYP2B6, CYP2C9 and CYP2D6. Luteolin can induce and inhibit UGTs and SULTs. It can also inhibit multi ABC transport proteins. Understanding the interactions between luteolin (glucosides) and drug-metabolizing enzyme has an important significance in guiding clinical use of the drug.

Objective: To obtain recombinant human CYP2E1 and to determine its activity by using the specific probe substrate., Methods: CYP2E1 cDNA was obtained by RT-PCR using human liver RNA as template. The cloned CYP2E1 cDNA was ligated with pFastBac vector to generate recombinant pFastBac-CYP2E1, which was then transformed into E. coli DH 10 Bac. Recombinant Bacmid-CYP2E1 was generated by transposition. Then Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells was infected with Bacmid-CYP2E1 to generate recombinant baculoviruses carrying human CYP2E1 cDNA. Finally, Sf9 insect cells were triinfected with recombinant baculoviruses carrying human CYP2E1, CYPOR and CYPb5. The activity of the recombinant enzymes was determined using chlorzoxazone as the substrate., Result: The Kmand Vmaxof recombinant CYP2E1 to chlorzoxazone was (72.4 +/-8.7) micromol. L(-1) and (2.41 +/-0.10) micromol.min(-1)?g(-1)protein, respectively., Conclusion: Active recombinant CYP2E1 has been obtained by bac-to-bac expression system and its activity is similar to previous reports.