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To study the genetic structure and function, genetic codon preference, influencing factors and optimal codon of Schefflera octophylla, the Schefflera octophylla (Lour.) Harms was used as research material. The full sequence of the chloroplast genome was sequenced and assembled. The results showed that the chloroplast genome of S. octophylla was consist of a large single copy region, a small single copy region and 2 reverse repeat regions, with a total length of 156 532 bp, and 123 functional genes were obtained including 8 ribosomal rRNA genes, 29 tRNA genes and 86 protein coding genes. A total of 84 SSR loci were detected. The preference analysis of codons showed that the optimal codons of S. octophylla chloroplast genomic codons tended to end in A/U bases, which indicated natural selection was main factor of preference analysis of codons. Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. actophylla had closely related to Kalopanax septemlobus. Above results provided scientific basis for the study and application of chloroplast genome of S. octophylla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Damianbai' was approved as a national tea cultivar by the National Crop Variety Approval Committee in 1985, but its origin and evolutionary relationship with other tea resources are still unclear. Using 'Damianbai' as the experimental material, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence, assemble and annotate the entire chloroplast genome of 'Damianbai'. In order to provide a basis for studying its phylogenetic evolutionary relationship, bioinformatics software was used to analyze the characteristics, phylogeny, and codon preference of its chloroplast genome. The results show that the chloroplast genome of the tea cultivar 'Damianbai' had a total length of 157 129 bp and was a typical tetrad structure, including 1 LSC region (86 687 bp), 1 SSC region (18 282 bp), and 2 IR regions (including IRa and IRb, both of which were 26 080 bp). A total of 135 functional genes were annotated in the chloroplast genome of 'Damianbai', including 90 CDS genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. A total of 52 SSRs and 50 Longrepeat sequences were detected in the chloroplast genome of 'Damianbai'. The SSRs had only A/T single nucleotide repeat sequences, while Longrepeat sequences had only two types: forward repeat and palindrome repeat. The codon usage bias in the chloroplast genome of tea cultivar 'Damianbai' was mainly influenced by natural selection, and was less affected by internal mutation pressure. The chloroplast gene of tea cultivar 'Damianbai' had 14 optimal codons (AAU, GAU, UGU, AAA, UAA, GCA, GCU, GGU, CCU, GUA, CGU, CUU, AGU, UCU). The Camellia sinensis cv. 'Damianbai' had a close genetic relationship with Camellia sinensis isolate Baiyin cultivar Phoenix Dancong Tea (OL690374). This study analyzed the chloroplast genome sequence characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of 'Damianbai', which provided a reference basis for strengthening the identification of tea cultivar 'Damianbai' and the development and utilization of its resource diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This study obtained the complete mitochondrial genome sequence (mtDNA) of triploid rainbow trout, revealed key sequence structural features, explored phylogenetic information of triploid rainbow trout and enriched the mtDNA database of salmonid fishes to provide references for evolutionary and phylogenetic studies of triply distributed rainbow trout. [Method] Three healthy and similar-sized triploid rainbow trout were selected, and their upper dorsal spinal muscular tissue was harvested for ge-nomic DNA extraction. The triploid rainbow trout mtDNA was sequenced, assembled and annotated by 11-lumina sequencing technology after quality control of DNA, followed by bioinformatic analysis. Neighbour-Joining (NJ) was used to build a phylogenetic salmonid fish tree. [Result] The mtDNA of triploid rainbow trout was 16 655 bp in length with high A + T (54.06%) and low G + C (45.94%). Its base composition had a clear A/T bias. The triploid rainbow trout mtDNA was composed of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and 1 noncoding control region (D-loop region). Among the 13 protein-coding genes, 1 2 had an ATG start codon and a TNN stop codon, except for coxl, which had a GTG start one. The total length of the 2 rRNA genes was 2 606 bp and 21 out of 22 tRNA genes except trnSl were able to form a typical trilobal structure. The D-loop region was located between trnF and trnP in the circular DNA molecule. The results of the phylogenetic tree showed that the 28 species were clearly divided into two large clades, with species of Oncorhynchus, Parahucho, Brachymystax, Phyllostomus, Hucho, Salvelinus and Salmo in the Salmonidae clustered into one clade. The triploid rainbow trout and Oncorhynchus mykiss firstly clustered into one clade, indicating their closest kinship. The genus species in the Thymallinae Thymallus and Coregonus and Prosopium species in the Coregoninae clustered into another clade. [Conclusion] mtDNA of triploid rainbow trout was obtained, and triploid rainbow trout and Oncorhynchus mykiss were most closely related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of China Medical University is the property of Journal of China Medical University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objectives] To investigate the mitochondrial genome of Microconema clavata (Meconematinae, Tettigoniidae, Orthoptera), and thereby enhance the Meconematinae's mitochondrial genome database to facilitate mitochondrial genome comparisons and phylogenetic research on this group. [Methods] We measured, assembled, annotated and analyzed, the mitochondrial genome of M. clavate, in order to determine the phylogenetic relationships of this species within the Meconematinae. We used next-generation sequencing technology to sequence the genome of M. clavate, assembled the complete mitochondrial genome sequence, then annotated and analyzed it in detail. The mitochondrial genome sequences of 12 species of the Meconematinae, including M. clavate, were selected to construct a phylogenetic tree based on differences in 13 protein coding genes and two rRNA genes. [Results] The total length of the mitochondrial genome sequence of M. clavate was 15 618 bp, which contained 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and one control region. The genes were arranged compactly and had the same sequence as ancestral species. The A+T of the mitochondrial genome of M. clavate accounted for 70.7% of the total bases, and there was an obvious AT bias. With the exception of ND1 which began with TTG, the remainder of the 13 protein coding genes began with ATN. All genes have TAG or TAA as the termination signal, except COX1, ND5 and ND4, which have an incomplete termination codon T. All other tRNAs have a typical clover structure except tRNASer(AGN). [Conclusion] The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of M. clavate was obtained. A Bayesian phylogenetic tree indicates that M. clavata is most closely related to Xiphidiopsis gurneyi, Xizicus maculatus and Xizicus fascipes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study are to explore the mechanism of pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila XDMG strain infecting fish, and to compare its genome structure, function and evolutionary relationship with the reference strain. The whole genome of A. hydrophila XDMG strain was sequenced, and the original data obtained by sequencing were assembled, spliced and annotated using Newbler, SeqMan, Glimmer and other software. Based on the constructing phylogenetic tree analysis from housekeeping genes and determining evolutionary relationships, the genomes of A. hydrophila were compared with those of four A. hydrophila strains in different regions. The complete genome sequence of A. hydrophila XDMG strain was 4.99 Mb in length and the GC content was 60.84%. A total of 4 935 coding genes were predicted, 4 137 genes with clear function were found, 99 tRNAs and 3 rRNAs were found; 4 061 genes had ortholog family classification, 3 228 genes were related to gene ontology, and 2 663 genes related to metabolic pathways; 101 tandem repeats and 14 gene islands were predicted in the genome of A. hydrophila XDMG strain, with genes related to three QS systems: AI 1, AI 2, and AI 3. Through genome comparative analysis, A. hydrophila XDMG was closely related to domestic A. hydrophila J-1 strain and US-derived A. hydrophila AL0971 strain; it was more conserved with US-derived A. hydrophila AL0971 in the comparison of virulence genes, outer membrane proteins, and O-antigen gene clusters. Comprehensive genome annotation and comparative analysis of the genome of A. hydrophila XDMG strain provide basic data for the study of functional genomics and genetic engineering vaccines of A. hydrophila. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tea Science is the property of Journal of Tea Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cerasus ‘Hongxia’, a Yunnan flowering cheery cultivar blooming in March with semi-double to double pink petals, have been widely cultivated in central Yunnan for its high ornamental value. It was regarded as the cultivar of Cerasus cerasoides var. rubea. However, it was clustered in C. campanulata based on molecular markers. Therefore, the phylogeny of these cultivars are doubtful, which is not conducive to their breeding and cultivation. In order to explore the origin of Cerasus ‘Hongxia’, with leaf DNA of Cerasus ‘Hongxia’ as material, chloropast genome characteristics were sequenced by Illumina, assembled, annotated, and analyzed by bioinformatic methods, and analyzed by MISA and Genious R10. The phylogenetic tree of Cerasus was reconstructed by using RAxML 8.0, and the phylogenetic relationship of Cerasus ‘Hongxia’ was analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) The chloroplast genome of Cerasus ‘Hongxia’ was 157 832 bp in length, containing a pair of reverse repeat sequence (inverted repeat sequence, IR, 26 381 bp) regions, which were separated by a short single copy (SSC, 19 120 bp) region and a long single copy (LSC, 85 950 bp) region. A total of 128 genes were encoded, including 84 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA ribosomal genes. The overall Guanine and Cytosine content of genome was 36.73%. (2) Based on the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree analysis of 16 chloroplast genome of Cerasus, it was found that Cerasus ‘Hongxia’ was formed as sister to C. subhirtella and C. yedoensis, and was far away from C. cerasoides. Therefore, we speculated that Cerasus ‘Hongxia’ may be a hybrid cultivar of C. campanulata and C. subhirtella or C. yedoensis, rather than the cultivar of C. cerasoides. The above results are be useful for studies of the origination and genetic breeding of Cerasus ‘Hongxia’, as well as the cultivar identification and classification of C. cerasoides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phylogenetic status of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis has long been controversial and the interspecific relationships of some species are unclear. At present, chloroplast genomes have been used to solve the phylogenetic problems of subg. Quercus and Castanea in the Fagaceae, but there are few researches on solving the phylogenetic problems of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis with chloroplast genome information. To reveal the chloroplasts genome characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of Quercus ningangensis, Q. oxyodon, Q. gambleana and Q. neglecta. In this study, mature leaves of the above four species of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis were selected for next-generation sequencing, and the chloroplast genome structure and characteristics were analyzed, phylogeny was studied in combination with related taxa. The results were as follows:(1)The chloroplast genome sequences of Q. ningangensis, Q. oxyodon, Q. gambleana and Q. neglecta were 160 906, 160 883, 160 832, 160 784 bp, respectively. They all encoded 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes.(2)The codons ending in A/T were preferred by the four species of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis, and the variation regions of plastid genome mainly existed in non-coding sequences.(3)According to IR boundary analysis, ycf1 pseudogene was found in four species of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis and expanded in IRb/SSC regions.(4)Phylogenetic analysis showed that Fagus and Trigonobalanus were differentiated early in Fagaceae, while subg. Quercus did not form a monophyly. The results of phylogenetic tree based on chloroplast genome were consistent with the nuclear marker plasmid markers. Interspersed between Ilex group and Cerris group in subg. Quercus. (5)The Flora of China and some local flora treated Q. gambleana as a separate species, while ZHOU Zhekun and DENG Min et al. treated Q. gambleana as a subspecies according to the characteristics of leaves. The phylogenetic status of Q. gambleana is still controversial. Based on the chloroplast genome information and previous morphological analysis results, the present study supported the idea that Q. gambleana existed as an independent species. This study provides basic data for discussing the phylogenetic status of the Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis, the division of its groups, and the resolution of doubtful relationships among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hibiscus mutabilis is native to China with a long cultivation history, and is an ancient garden tree species and medicinal plant. In this study, we selected three cultivars of H. mutabilis in a hybrid combination(H. mutabilis cv. Danbanbai, H. mutabilis cv. Jinqiusong, H. mutabilis cv. Mudanfen)to investigate evolutionary characteristics between the cultivars of H. mutabilis and its related species, and clarify the phylogenetic relationship between the cultivars of H. mutabilis and its related species, as well as explore the genetic model of chloroplast genome(cpDNA)of H. mutaibilis at the same time. We first sequenced the three cultivars of H. mutaibilis using Illumina NovaSeq. After assembly and annotation, three complete chloroplast genome sequences were obtained. The cpDNAs of the related species H. taiwanensis from our group, and H. syricus and H. rosa-sinensis from the gene bank. Then we carried out comparative analysis on composition and structure of cpDNAs of four species of Hibiscus and three cultivars of H. mutabilis, and completed its phylogenetic tree reconstruction. The results were as follows: (1)Total sizes of cpDNAs of H. mutabilis cv. Danbanbai, H. mutabilis cv. Jinqiusong, H. mutabilis cv. Mudanfen were 160 880, 160 879, 160 920 bp, respectively, and the total gene number was 130, including 85 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNAs, and 37 transfer RNAs. (2) The comparative analyses showed that the cpDNAs of three cultivars of H. mutabilis and the related species H. taiwanensis were highly conserved, and the inverted repeat regions(IR)were all 26 300 bp; H. rosa-sinensis and H. syriacus shrank to at 25 745 and 25 598 bp, respectively.(3)The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the three cultivars were planted into a monophyletic branch, and then together with H. taiwanensis into a high support branch, indicating that H. mutabilis and H. taiwanensis had the closest relationship; Compared with H. syriacus and H. rosa-sinensis, H. mutabilis and H. taiwanensis were more closely related to H. hamabo, H. tiliaceum and H. canabinus.(4)Three cultivars of H. mutabilis could be distinguished by cpDNA sequence, the length of LSC/SSC of H. mutabilis cv. Danbanbai, H. mutabilis cv. Jinqiusong, H. mutabilis cv. Mudanfen were 89 355 bp/18 925 bp, 89 353 bp/18 926 bp, 89 400 bp/18 920 bp, respectively. And candidate molecular markers and DNA barcodes had been developed from repeat sequence and nucleotide diversity analyses, which could be used as a tool for cultivars identification.(5)The cpDNAs of H. mutabilis cv. Danbanbai and H. mutabilis cv. Jinqiusong showed a minimum difference and had the closest phylogenetic relationship. According to the relationship between their female and offspring, the maternal genetic characteristics of the cpDNAs of Hibiscus were proved. This study will help us to understand the evolutionary characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of cpDNAs of three cultivars of H. mutabilis and H. taiwanensis, and provide basic data on cpDNA for accurate identification of the cultivars of H. mutabilis and breeding of excellent cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important high-quality rice resource in Guizhou Province, Dalixiang has a large planting area, and has brought higher economic benefits to society in the process of rural revitalization. However, there are few theoretical researches on the genomics of Dalixiang. In order to reveal the characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of chloroplast genome of rice Dalixiang, the chloroplasts of Dalixiang were sequenced and their genomic characteristics were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)The chloroplast genome of Dalixiang was 134 563 bp, including LSC(80 864 bp),SSC(12 347 bp)and two IRs(20 676 bp).(2)There were 129 genes annotated in the chloroplast genome of Dalixiang, which could be divided into protein coding, tRNA and rRNA, with 85, 36 and 8 genes respectively.(3)Codon bias analysis of Dalixiang showed that leucine was most frequently used(1 944 times)and that of cysteine was used least frequently(198 times), and most codons ended in A/U(T).(4)The total number of SSR loci in the cpDNA of Dalixiang was 129, ninety-five of which were mononucleotide and most of SSR were composed of nucleobase A/T.(5)Phylogenetic analysis showed the closest affiliation relationship between Dalixiang and Tropical Japonica, and these two were clustered into one group. This study reveals the characteristic information of Dalixiang chloroplast genome, and identifies the phylogenetic status of Dalixiang. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to investigate the good genes, cultivate the main superior cultivars and discover phylogenetic relationships of Magnolia officinalis, M. officinalis subsp. biloba and M. hypoleuca, we compared the differences among the cp（chloroplast） genomes of three Magnolia species and performed a phylogenetic tree of 14 species. Illumina HiSeq platform was used to sequence and assemble the cp genome of M. hypoleuca. Then the cp genomes of three Magnolia species were annotated by online platform and performed with three Magnolia species cp gene cycles. Moreover, the cp genomes of other 11 Magnolia species were downloaded from the NCBI database and phylogenetic tree of 14 all species cp genomes was constructed based on NJ method. The results were as follows:（1） Clean Reads of M. hypoleuca were 19 791 019, and Q30 was 91.33%. The total length of cp genome of M. hypoleuca was 160 051 bp, its GC content was 39.2%, including 37 tRNA and 8 rRNA.（2） Compared with the cp genome structures of three Magnolia species, three Magnolia species were found to have similar IR, LSC and SSC structures, GC content and tRNA number, but there were differences in the type and number of coding genes, the number and structure of introns and exons.（3） There were six and four more functional gene numbers of M. hypoleuca than the other two Magnolia species, respectively, which indicated that it had stronger viability, and the differential functional genes of three Magnolia species were mainly located in LSC region and IR region, involving large ribosomal subunits, small ribosomal subunits and unknown functional genes groups.（4） Based on NJ phylogenetic tree, M. hypoleuca was closely related to M. officinalis subsp. biloba, next to M. officinalis. In this study, M. hypoleuca has more abundant cp genome structure, composition and variation characteristics, which is the molecular mechanism of its adaptation to low light and low temperature environment in high latitude area. And it will also provide strong guidance for molecular breeding of excellent Magnolia varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

【Objective】 Multiple species of Cordyceps contain a high concentration of cordycepin, polysaccharide, pentostatinand other effective components, which have important medical and health care efficacy and development and utilization value. The mitogenome characteristics and evolution of Cordyceps were studied to provide a reference for the origin and evolution, resource protection, development and utilization of Cordyceps fungi.【Method】 Based on the mitogenome sequences of nine Cordyceps species, the characteristics, sequence repeats, structural variation, gene evolution and phylogeny of mitogenome were analyzed by using bioinformatics analysis software, such as MEGA, Reputer, MISA, mVISTA and PAML. 【Result】 There were significant differences in mitogenome size among nine Cordyceps species, and all containcoding genes for 15 protein coding genes, two rRNAs and at least 25 tRNAs. The number of repeats varied greatly among species, which mostly were forward repeats and palindromic repeats. SSRs were mainly of dinucleotide, trinucleotide and tetranucleotide repeats, and contained a high proportion of A or T bases. The structure of mitogenome was highly similar among all species, and no gene rearrangement was found. There was a linear positive correlation between mitogenome size and intron length. The nucleotide variation of rps3 gene was high, and the dN/dS ratio of all genes was less than one. There were positive selection sites in nad4, rps3, cob, nad2 and cox1 genes. C. confragosa and C. farinosa were closely related, whereas C. tenuipes, C. cicadae and C. chanhua gather together. 【Conclusion】 The mitogenome structure of Cordyceps was conservative, the genome size was mainly affected by introns, the protein coding genes were mainly affected by purification selection, and some genes were slightly selected in the process of interaction with the host and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

APG IV has a noticeable improvement from the morphological phylogeny which revealed Elaeocarpaceae belonging Oxalidales includes the COM clade with Celastrales and Malpighiales, while the status of COM clade is not well supported based on phylogenetic calculation results of multi-molecular fragments. In order to improve the bootstrap of COM clade, with Sloanea sinensis(genus Sloanea, family Elaeocarpaceae)as materials, we used Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform to sequence, and then assembled, annotated, and analyzed by bioinformatic methods. Analysis of chloroplast genome characteristics was used by MISA and IRscope. The phylogenetic tree of Fabids was reconstructed by using PhyloSuite. The results were as follows:(1)The complete chloroplast genome of Sloanea sinensis was 157 546 bp in length including two inverted repeats(IRs)of 25 984 bp, which were separated by LSC and SSC of 87 904 bp and 17 674 bp, respectively. The GC content was 37.0%.(2)The genome encoded 113 functional genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. 81 SSR loci were detected in the S. sinensis genome, and most of SSR was composed of nucleobase A and T. Through IR expansion and contraction analysis, we found that there were obvious differences between Elaeocarpus japonicus and Sloanea sinensis in LSC/IRB and IRA/LSC boundaries.(3)The whole chloroplast genome phylogenetic studies showed Sloanea sinensis and Elaeocarpus japonicus were sister to Averrhoa carambola, Oxalis corymbosa and O. drummondii. Sloanea sinensis and Elaeocarpus japonicus representing Elaeocarpaceae belonged to Oxalidales, Fabids, and a strongly support for COM clade in Fabids group. Based on the chloroplast genome of genus Sloanea, the phylogenetic status of Elaeocarpaceae and the COM clade is confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Bulletin of Botanical Research is the property of Bulletin of Botanical Research Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)