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Cancer patients experience many symptoms and emotional breakdown. It is clinically found that distress thermometer (DT) can evaluate the risk of suicide in patients with cancer. However, inappropriate evaluation scores may lead to wrong treatment plans. The current analysis found that DT evaluated by nursing staff is incomplete, lacking practical teaching and evaluation guidelines, and with insufficient awareness of DT assessment. Therefore, our group consisted of three members established the following interventions: (1) holding onthe- job training, (2) making a psychological DT chart, (3) making DT evaluation guideline, and (4) making DT teaching video and audio discs, etc., to improve the accuracy of DT assessment by the nursing staff. After the implementation of the project, the awareness rate of DT assessment has increased from 61% to 93.6%, and the accuracy rate in performing DT assessment has increased from 61.1% to 91.5%, which has achieved the purpose of this project. It is expected to provide a complete clinically planned DT assessment course and use it as a basic education for personnel in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of intelligent transportation, driverless is another important means that will utterly change traditional travels in the future. In order to adapt to the large-scale and complex traffic environment of driverless, we propose a dynamic bidirectional A* algorithm for driverless navigation planning. On the basis of this, theoretical simulations under different traffic flow conditions are realized, and the feasibility of the algorithm is verified. The vehicular self-organizing network is an important development direction of driverless in the future. In order to verify the performance of the algorithm in the vehicular self-organizing network environment, we adopt the OMNeT++ and SUMO bidirectional coupling, and perform joint simulation experiments on the open source framework Veins. In the traffic states with different traffic densities, the path planned by the dynamic bidirectional A* algorithm in the Vanet environment can reduce travel time and improve travel efficiency more effectively than that of the traditional bidirectional A* algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the correlation between the subjective and objective evaluation results of sleep quality of patients during the period of hepatobiliary surgery with accelerated rehabilitation. Methods: A convenient sample of 200 patients who underwent hepatobiliary surgery with accelerated rehabilitation were included as research objects. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scale and sleep monitoring bracelet were used to measure the subjective and objective indexes of patients' sleep quality, and the correlation between subjective and objective outcomes was analyzed. Results: Totally 84 patients had poor subjective sleep quality during the perioperative period, accounting for 42.00%. The objective nighttime sleep time of 146 patients was less than 7h, accounting for 73.00%. The sleep score measured by the sleep monitoring bracelet was negatively correlated with the scores of the four dimensions of subjective sleep quality, sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep disorder and the total score of PSQI(P<0.01); Sleep time, deep sleep time and light sleep time were negatively correlated with subjective sleep quality, fall asleep time, sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep disability and PSQI total scores(P<0.01); Rapid eye movement time was significantly negatively correlated with PSQI total score and each dimension(except hypnotic drug dimension)(P<0.01); The number of awake was positively correlated with subjective sleep quality, sleep time, sleep efficiency, sleep disability scores and PSQI scores(P<0.05). Conclusion: The subjective and objective evaluation results indicated that the sleep quality of patients undergoing hepatobiliary surgery with accelerated rehabilitation was not optimistic. There is a certain correlation between the subjective and objective assessment results, and the sleep monitoring bracelet is feasible and credible which can provide reference for clinical sleep monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the application of the comprehensive use of multiple genetic markers in full and half sibling relationship testing through the identification of a case of suspected sibling relationship. Methods Genomic DNA were extracted from bloodstain samples from 4 subjects (ZHANG-1, ZHANG-2, male; ZHANG- 3, ZHANG-4, female). Autosomal STR loci, X- STR, Y- STR loci and polymorphisms of mtDNA HV- I and H were genotyped by EX20 STR kit, X19 kit, Data Y24 STR kit, and Sanger sequencing, respectively. Results According to autosomal STR based IBS scoring results, full sibling relationships were indicated among ZHANG-2, ZHANG-3 and ZHANG-4, but those were not indicated between ZHANG-1 and ZHANG-2 or ZHANG-3 or ZHANG-4. According to autosomal STR based FSI and HSI, with ITO method and discriminant function method, full sibling relationships among ZHANG- 2, ZHANG- 3 and ZHANG- 4 were indicated, and half sibling relationships between ZHANG-1 and ZHANG-2 or ZHANG-3 or ZHANG-4 were also indicated. X-STR and mtDNA sequencing results showed that all the 4 samples came from a same maternal line, and Y-STR results showed that ZHANG-1 and ZHANG- 2 did not come from a same paternal line, which supported the half sibling relationship between ZHANG-1 and ZHANG-2 or ZHANG-3 or ZHANG-4, verified by parental genotype reconstruction based on autosomal STR genotyping. Conclusion For the identification of sibling relationships, it is effective to have reliable results with the mutual verification and support of multiple genetic markers (autosomal STR, sex chromosomal STR and mtDNA sequence) and calculations ( IBS, ITO, discriminant function method and family reconstruction). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thrust directions in foreland thrust belts have not been explained on theory. Based on Coulomb fracture criterion and deformation asymmetry in foreland thrust belt, the origins of fore-thrust and back-thrust faults are analyzed in this paper. Two potential conjugate fractures would occur in initial deformation stage, and the fracture requiring less applied forces might develop into thrust fault under the quasi-static equilibrium caused by deformation asymmetry in foreland thrust belts. The applied forces needed to create fault movements include the frictions along both the detachment surface and the fault surface. The fore-thrust faults will occur in most deformations in foreland thrust belts. However, where either the principal stress axes tilt toward foreland or the intersections point of the two conjugate fractures are on the detachment surface, the back-thrust faults will be preferable to occur. The applied force, the frictions along the detachment surface and the geometries of the slipping terranes will determine the principal stress axes. The findings will help to explain the selectivity of the fault dips in both contractional and extensional deformation areas.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the chronic and acute exposure risk of the 13 commonly used pesticides in local tea samples in Guangdong Province， so as to provide the basis and technical support for production supervision and consumption， and provide data for the revision of maximum residue limits （MRLs）.Methods110 local tea samples were collected from the year 2017—2020， and 13 pesticide residues were detected and quantified following the GB 23200.113-2018 method based on GC-MS/MS. Acute and chronic cumulative risk assessment were calculated using hazard index （HI） approach.Results8 kinds of pesticides in 110 local tea samples were detected in which the detection rates and the residue levels of bifenthrin， fenpropathrin and cypermethrin were the highest. The cumulative chronic and acute exposure levels of bifenthrin， fenpropathrin and cypermethrin to tea intake of Guangdong residents were 4.87×10-5 mg/（kg bw·d） and 4.79×10-3 mg/（kg bw·d）， accounting for 89.09% and 86.01% of the total pesticide exposure， respectively. The chronic and acute exposure level of males were higher than females， and urban residents were higher than rural residents. For all the pesticides detected， their chronic and acute cumulative hazard indexes were 3.69×10-3 and 4.66×10-1， respectively， which indicated that the risk was low.ConclusionThe chronic and acute dietary exposure risk of pesticide residues from local tea were both low， but pesticide residues in Guangdong province were common， so the application and management of pesicides in local tea should be further strengthened.

ObjectiveTo understand the pollution level of multi-pesticides residues in local tea samples in Guangdong Province, and clarify the quality and safety of tea, so as to provide a basis for production supervision and consumption.Methods110 local tea samples were collected in Guangdong Province, 10 kinds of pyrethroids pesticide and 5 kinds of organochlorine pesticides residues were detected by GC-MS/MS and evaluated according to the national standard GB 2763—2021.ResultsAmong the 110 samples, only 10 pesticides were detected, and bifenthrin, fenpropathrin and cypermethrin were the mainly detected varieties. The highest frequency of detection was bifenthrin (73.64%) with an average value of 0.346 mg/kg. It was oolong tea that had the highest average value; excessive contents of fenvalerate or fenpropathrin were only found in four tea samples; the phenomenon of multi-pesticides residue was existed. The pollution levels of bifenthrin, fenpropathrin and cypermethrin in eastern Guangdong (Chaozhou and Meizhou) were high, while the pollution levels in northern Guangdong (Shaoguan and Qingyuan) and the Pearl River Delta (Zhaoqing) were relatively low.ConclusionThe detection rates of pesticide residues in local tea samples in Guangdong Province were high, but the exceeding rates were low. The government supervision departments should focus on the monitoring of bifenthrin, fenpropathrin and cypermethrin in teas.

ObjectiveTo establish a method for the determination of several kinds of pyrethroids and organochlorine pesticides in Chinese oolong tea samples based on liquid-liquid extraction-solid phase extraction-gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS).MethodsOolong tea samples were crushed and screened, soaked in boiling water, extracted with acetone-n-hexane, purified by Carb-NH2 column, and then identified and quantified by GC-NCI-MS.ResultsAll the 18 kinds of pyrethroids and 9 kinds of organochlorine pesticides showed good linear relationships in range of 0.006-1.00 μg/mL and 0.006-0.50 μg/mL respectively, and the correlation coefficients were above 0.996. The recoveries at different spiked levels for all target compounds in blank matrices were 60.1%-119.8%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) were 1.5%-10.4% (n=6). The limits of detection and quantification of the method were 0.5-4.8 μg/kg and 1.7-16.0 μg/kg, respectively.ConclusionThe method was suitable for rapid screening and analysis of 18 pyrethroids and 9 organochlorine pesticides in Chinese oolong tea with the advantage of accuracy, rapidity and high sensitivity.

In order to solve the disadvantages of toxic, combustible, lower density of oil-based paraffin remover, and low paraffin removal efficiency and control effect poor stability of emulsion paraffin inhibitor of water-base paraffin remover, based on the structure of hydrophilic and/or lipophilic group in surfactant, the wax crystal modifier dispersed in water homogeneously. Waterbase wax crystal modifier type paraffin inhibitor has been developed. It has advantages of low toxicity, incombustible, high density, high efficiency of paraffin removal and paraffin control effect. The laboratory result showed that viscosity reduction rate and dynamic wax inhibiting rate were both more than 70% respectively under the best proportion condition. The field result indicated that it could decrease the times of washing well and improve the production of oil well by using continuous dosing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic characteristics of joint interfaces affect the dynamic behaviors of a whole machine tool structure notably. This paper proposes a dynamical active design method for fixed joint contact area topology of the machine tools. First, the contact stiffness model of the fixed joint with actual contact region is equivalent to a finite element model, the calculation method for material model, elastic modulus and shear modulus is presented, and the contact element stiffness matrix based on the constitutive model for fixed joint is established. Then, Evolutionary Structural Optimization method is used to carry out the optimization design for the fixed joint contact area topology. That is, the delete rule is used to eliminate the contact area which has little contribution for overall natural frequency. Finally, through the engineering case of the fixed joint for bed and head, realizing the active design of the actual contact area topology for fixed joint, and this method is proved feasible and practical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which aims to develop a diagnostic method that can discriminate dairy cows vaccinated with Brucella suis from those cattles infected with natural Brucella abortus.

Southern China is an important agricultural planting region of China, but the seasonal drought severely impacted the regional agricultural production. Based on the 1981-2007 meteorological data from 13 typical meteorological stations in the seasonal drought areas in southern China and the data of related crops growth period and yield, three precipitation year types (drought year, potato-double cropping rice, and the suitable patterns in southwest area were the triple cropping systems with drought-resistant crops, such as winter wheat-rice-sweet potato, winter wheat-maize-sweet potato, and potato-double cropping rice. From the aspect of maximally utilizing water and heat resources, triple cropping would be the best choice, with the rice and upland crop rotation as the main and with the rice arranged in pairs in wet year. normal year, and wet year) were classified based on the yearly precipitation, and by using five indices (coupling degree of water requirement and precipitation during crop water critical stages, meteorological crop yield, output value per unit area, and water use efficiency and precipitation during whole growth period), the comprehensive benefit of all possible cropping patterns in each typical region was evaluated, and the optimal cropping patterns in the different regions of southern China in different precipitation years were obtained. In the semi-arid region, the optimal cropping patterns in dry year included potat-maize-sweet potato and winter wheat-rice-sweet potato. In the semi-humid region and during dry year, winter wheat-rice-sweet potato was the best choice, and rape seed-rice-sweet potato was the second one. In the warm and humid region (the typical region where seasonal drought happened), the best cropping pattern in Jiangnan area in different precipitation years was [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zoning seasonal drought based on the study of drought characteristics can provide theoretical basis for formulating drought mitigation plans and improving disaster reduction technologies in different arid zones under global climate change. Based on the National standard of meteorological drought indices and agricultural drought indices and the 1959-2008 meteorological data from 268 meteorological stations in southern China, this paper analyzed the climatic background and distribution characteristics of seasonal drought in southern China, and made a three-level division of seasonal drought in this region by the methods of combining comprehensive factors and main factors, stepwise screening indices, comprehensive disaster analysis, and clustering analysis. The first-level division was with the annual aridity index and seasonal aridity index as the main indices and with the precipitation during entire year and main crop growing season as the auxiliary indices, dividing the southern China into four primary zones, including semi-arid zone, sub-humid zone, humid zone, and super-humid zone. On this basis, the four primary zones were subdivided into nine second-level zones, including one semi-arid area-temperate-cold semi-arid hilly area in Sichuan-Yunnan Plateau, three sub-humid areas of warm sub-humid area in the north of the Yangtze River, warm-tropical sub-humid area in South China, and temperate-cold sub-humid plateau area in South-west China, three humid areas of temperate-tropical humid area in the Yangtze River Basin, warm-tropical humid area in South China, and warm humid hilly area in Southwest China, and two super-humid areas of warm-tropical super-humid area in South China and temperate-cold super-humid hilly area in the south of the Yangtze River and Southwest China. According to the frequency and inensity of multiple drought indices, the second-level zones were further divided into 29 third-level zones. The distribution of each seasonal drought zone was illustrated, and the zonal drought characteristics and their impacts on the agricultural production were assessed. Accordingly, the drought prevention measures were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the 1959-2008 meteorological data from 249 meteorological stations in south-ern China, and by using crop water deficit index (CWDI) as the agricultural drought index, this paper calculated the drought frequency and drought stations ratio in this region, and analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of drought for spring maize and summer maize during their growth periods. As for the spatial pattern of drought frequency, the drought for spring maize was more severe in the north of Huaihe River, northern Yunnan, and southern South China, but was lighter in the other regions. Except that the drought for summer maize at its late developmental stage was more severe in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River, northern South China, and eastern Southwest China, the drought for summer maize at its other developmental stages within southern China was lighter. As for the variation trend of drought intensity and drought area, the drought in-tensity of spring maize from its seven-leaf stage to jointing stage in the middle-lower reaches of Yan-gtze River increased obviously, while the drought intensity and drought area of the spring maize from its late spinning stage to milky maturity stage presented a decreasing trend. The drought of summer maize from its late jointing stage to tasseling stage and from late spinning stage to milky maturity stage all showed a decreasing trend. In Southwest China, the drought intensity and drought area for spring maize and summer maize had no clear trend. From the viewpoint of the inter-annual and dec-adal variability of drought intensity and drought area, there was a larger variation for the summer maize in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River, but less difference in Southwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solution of dynamic characteristics for endmills is a part of obtaining dynamic characteristics of the whole machinery by using substructure method. In order to rapidly predict the frequency response function (FRF), endmills are divided into two parts, tool shank and fluted portion. Three equivalent models based on the principle of equal mass, equal area of cross-section and equal stiffness are proposed as a uniform beam for the fluted portion, and the receptances can be easily obtained by using Timoshenko beam element for both tool shank and fluted portion. Endmill's FRF is shaped by coupling the FRF of individual part. The variation of relative errors from the three equivalent models is analyzed on these four factors: area moment of inertia of the cross-section, helix angle, percent of fluted portion lengh to tool length and ratio of tool length to diameter. The results also explain the fact that the equal stiffness method can achieve the best prediction accuracy for endmill A, B, C while the equal mass method is best for endmill D. Compared with three-dimensional harmonic analysis, the equivalent model method of endmills is computationally cheap while has an acceptable accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics and occurrence regularity of seasonal drought can provide theoretical basis for constituting the countermeasures of drought resistance and drought mitigation under the background of global climate change. Based on the 1959-2008 daily precipitation and atmospheric temperature data collected from the meteorological stations in 15 provinces (municipalities, and autonomous regions) of southern China, and using the percentages of precipitation anomalies (Pa) in the national standard "Meteorological Drought Classification", which were locally modified, the drought indices in southern China in 1959-2008 were calculated, and the spatial distribution characteristics of drought frequency in southern China in each year, each season, and each month, as well as the inter-annual changes of the drought intensity and the proportions of the stations with seasonal drought were analyzed. In the study period, the annual drought risk in southern China was generally low. There existed obvious seasonal differences in the spatial distribution characteristics of the drought. Autumn drought was most frequent and most intensive, mainly occurred in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, South China and in the other major agricultural areas, winter drought was also frequent and intensive, mainly occurred in the west of Southwest China and the South China and other winter crop planting areas, while spring drought and summer drought were relatively less frequent or intensive. Spring drought mostly occurred in the southwest of Southwest China, the south of South China, and Huaibei area etc., and summer drought mostly occurred in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, southeastern coastal area of Fujian, and northeast of Southwest China. The area with drought frequently occurred showed an obvious monthly fluctuation and space transformation, which was decreased with time from November to next May, increased with time from May to November, in the smallest range from April to June, and in the widest range from November to December. The annual drought area showed a slight decrease while the drought intensity should a slight increase, but the situation differed with season, i. e., spring drought area slightly decreased and the drought intensity weakened, summer drought area had an obvious decrease and the drought intensity weakened, autumn drought area increased obviously and the drought intensity increased, while winter drought area decreased and the drought intensity weakened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, seasonal drought occurs frequently in southern China, giving severe impact on the production of local wintering crops. Based on the 1959-2009 meteorological data from 268 meteorological stations in southern China, and by using crop water deficit index (CWDI) as agricultural drought index, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought for winter wheat and rapeseed. The results showed that in southern China, drought happened more frequently in Southwest China, north Huaihe basin, and parts of South China during the developmental stages of wintering crops. In the mid-lower Yangtze basin, the intensity and extent of drought increased during the mid-late developmental stages of winter wheat, and became much heavier at its later developmental stages. For rapeseed, the intensity and extent of drought increased during the developmental stage before winter and the late developmental stages. In southwest part, the intensity and extent of drought increased significantly during the developmental stage before winter for winter wheat and rapeseed. Since the early 1990s, the intensity and extent of drought in southern China increased during the mid-late developmental stages of wintering crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the 1959-2008 precipitation data from 262 meteorological stations in southern China, this paper analyzed the change characteristics of seasonal precipitation trend coefficient, precipitation variability, and annual and decadal precipitation standardized anomalies in this region. In the study period, there was a great difference among the trend of quarter precipitation. In most parts of the region, the precipitation in spring and autumn presented a decreasing trend but that in summer and winter was in adverse; only in southwest part, a slightly different trend was observed. In the whole region, the probability of spring drought decreased, but that of summer drought, autumn drought, and winter drought increased. Spring drought often occurred in south and southwest parts, summer drought and autumn drought often occurred in south part and the middle, lower reaches of Yangtze River, and winter drought expanded from south part to south part and the middle, lower reaches of Yangtze River. The precipitation in spring and autumn was below the normal level after the 1980s, while that in summer and winter was below the normal level before the 1990s, above the normal level in the 1990s, and below the normal level since the 21st century. The decadal change of the seasonal precipitation standardized anomaly in each part of the region was basically consistent, i. e. , decreased in autumn and increased in summer and winter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the homemade high precision RV reducer as study object,According to the characteristics of the transmission principle and structure,by using the sensitivity index analysis,the parameter optimization design of the RV reducer is carried out,the theoretical value of geometry backlash of theory reducer is obtained,the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiment. The study results show that,the calculated value of theoretical geometric backlash is 0. 397’ 0. 859’,and the backlash of experiment test is0. 93’. The test results are verified through the experiment and theory calculation results contrast analysis,the homemade RV reducer can meet the using requirement of the reducer. A theoretical basis for the research and development of RV reducer is provided by this study.

With the dynamical features of mobility, intermittent connectivity and dynamic topology in delay tolerant net-work (DTN), the static random network coding methods become difficult to adapt to the applications in DTN environ-ment. For working out this problem, a dynamic random network coding transfer method (DRNC) was proposed. Based on the Markov channel model, it first computed the transmit speeds of every network channel according to the receive data states of nodes, and then constructed the network flow graphic with channel capacities at the source node, calculated and forecasted the current network multicast capacity, after that, the random network coding scenario was extended and tailored according to the multicast capacity to transmit data packages under DTN environment. The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional random network coding method with fixed multicast rate, the dynamic random network coding method has reduced the average latency of data packages and increased the delivery probability.

In view of problems of temperature drift and big discreteness of silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor which cause application of the pressure sensor to be limited, a silicon piezoresistive and digital barometer with high-precision was designed. The barometer uses surface-fitting algorithm with whole temperature range to make temperature compensation and linear processing, so as to solve problems of temperature drift and nonlinear of the silicon piezoresistive pressure sensor, and uses software to realize temperature compensation of pressure data in ATmega88PA micro-controller and sends the data to upper computer through RS485 interface. Test result shows that measuring error of the barometer is less than 0.50‰ in range of -40~+60 ℃ and the barometer meets design requirement.

For the problem of attendance information inaccuracy of regular attendance methods in coal mine like card punching method, an automatic sign-in system for dispatch room staff of coal mine was designed by use of face recognition technology, and the whole design scheme and face recognition algorithm of the system were introduced. The system firstly collects and pre-processes the face image, then detects face by use of Adaboost algorithm, and lastly recognizes the detected face through POEM + block PCA algorithm and nearest neighbor classifier. The system realizes functions of automatic sigh-in and attendance record of dispatch room staff of coal mine, which provides basis information for staff appraisal.

In this paper, we analyze the effects of patient traders behaviors on price formation and describe the evolution of price formation based on trading strategies of patient traders and information risk. We find that the number of patient traders has negative exponential influence on the spread and testify the result by selecting the high-frequency trading data of 817 securities as our sample. We also testify the process of price formation. Besides, one formula about expect value of asset in EKOP model is corrected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recurrence and metastasis remain the leading cause of death in breast cancer patients due to the lack of effective treatment. A microenvironment suitable for cancer cell growth, referred to as pre-metastatic niche (PMN), is formed in distant organs before metastasis occurs. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogenous population of immature myeloid cells with immunosuppressive effects. They can expand in large numbers in breast cancer patients and participate in the formation of PMN. MDSCs can remodel the extracellular matrix of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells and recruit cancer stem cells to promote the lung metastasis of breast cancer. Furthermore, MDSCs facilitate immune evasion of breast cancer cells to impact the efficacy of immunotherapy. It is proposed that MDSCs represent a potential therapeutic target for the inhibition of recurrence and metastasis in breast cancer. Therapeutic strategies targeting MDSCs have also shown promising efficacy in preclinical studies and clinical trials. This review presents a summary of the principal factors involved in the recruitment and activation of MDSCs during the formation of PMN, and outlines MDSC functions such as immunosuppression and the current targeted therapies against MDSCs, aiming to provide new ideas for the treatment of distant metastases in breast cancer.

The biodiversity of grasslands is important for ecosystem function and health. The protection and mana-gement of grassland biodiversity requires the collection of the information on plant diversity. Hyperspectral remote sensing, with its unique advantages of extensive coverage and high spectral resolution, offers a new solution for long-term monitoring of plant diversity. We first reviewed the development history of hyperspectral remote sensing technology, emphasized its advantages in monitoring grassland plant diversity, and further analyzed its specific applications in this field. Finally, we discussed the challenges faced by hyperspectral remote sensing technology in its applications, such as the complexity of data processing, accuracy of algorithms, and integration with ground-based remote sensing data, and proposes prospects for future research directions. With the advancement of remote sensing technology and the integrated application of multi-source data, hyperspectral remote sensing would play an increasingly important role in grassland ecological monitoring and biodiversity conservation, which could provide scientific basis and technical support for global ecological protection and sustainable development.

Objective: To investigate the expression of IL-9 and IL-6 in patients with BCR-ABL- bone marrow proli- ferative tumor (MPN), and to explore its role in the occurrence and development of MPN., Methods: A total of 71 newly diagnosis MPN patients treated in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from 2018 to 2019 were selected, including 32 patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and 22 patients with primary thrombocytosis (ET), and 17 patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Then 58 patients who retestine after treatment were selected as therapy group，and 20 healthy volunteers were recruited as control group. ELISA was used to detect the expression level of IL-6 and IL-9 in bone marrow supernatant, and the relative expression level of IL-6 and IL-9 mRNA in BMMNC was detected by real-time PCR. The proportion of Th9 cells in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). The expression level of IL-6 mRNA and IL-9 mRNA of BMMNC and clinical indicators were analyzed, and the correlation between JAK2 gene mutation load and IL-9 level was further analyzed., Result: The level of IL-6 in bone marrow supernatant and the expression of IL-6 mRNA in BMMNC were higher in the newly diagnosed group as compared with those in the treated group and the control group (P<0.001). The expression level of IL-9 in bone marrow supernatant and the expression of IL-9 mRNA in BMMNC were lower in the newly diagnosed group as compared with those in the treated group and the control group (P<0.05). The proportion of Th9 cells in peripheral blood was lower in the newly diagnosed group as compared with that in the treated group and the control group (P<0.001). The level of IL-6 in bone marrow supernatant and the expression of IL-6 mRNA in BMMNC in JAK2 + group were higher than those in JAK2 - group (P<0.05). The expression level of IL-9 in bone marrow supernatant and the expression of IL-9 mRNA in BMMNC were lower in JAK2 + group as compared with those in JAK2 - group (P<0.05). The expression of IL-6 and IL-9 in the patient group showed correlation with the number of lymphocytes (IL-6: r=-0.49, P<0.01; IL-9: r=0.53, P<0.001), and also related with Hb in PV patients (IL-6: r= 0.87, P<0.001; IL-9: r=-0.54, P<0.01), and platelets in ET patients (IL-6: r=0.64, P<0.05; IL-9: r=-0.46, P<0.05)., Conclusion: The increased expression of IL-6 in MPN and hyperfunction may promote the progression of BCR-ABL- MPN disease. The expression of IL-9 in MPN decreases, and it negatively correlates with the mutation load of JAK2 gene, which may be related with the decrease of tumor environmental antitumor immune effect.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of catgut embedding at back- shu points on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in rats based on IKK/IKB/NF-κB signaling pathway and downstream inflammatory factors., Methods: Eighty SPF SD rats were selected, among them 10 rats were selected divided into a normal group (group A), and the remaining 70 rats were fed with high-fat diet to establish NASH model. At the end of 12 weeks, 10 rats were randomly selected to verify whether the model establishment was successful. Then the remaining 60 rats were randomly divided into a model group (group B), a catgut embedding at back- shu points group (group C), a catgut embedding at abdominal points group (group D), an acupuncture at back- shu points group (group E), a sham catgut embedding group (group F) and a western medication group (group G), 10 rats in each group. The rats in the group C were treated with catgut embedding at "Ganshu" (BL 18), "Pishu" (BL 20), "Weishu" (BL 21) and "Shenshu" (BL 23); the rats in the group D were treated with catgut embedding at "Daheng" (SP 15), "Fujie" (SP 14), "Huaroumen" (ST 24) and "Tianshu" (ST 25); the rats in the group E were treated with acupuncture at the same acupoints as the group C; the rats in the group F were treated with catgut embedding at back- shu points but the needle did not enter subcutaneous tissue gamma; the rats in the group G were treated with intragastric administration of vitamin E capsule. All the treatment was given for 4 weeks. The rats in the group A were fed with normal diet until the end of 16 weeks without any intervention. The rats in the group B continued to be fed with high-fat diet until the end of 16 weeks. After the intervention, the liver index was calculated; the liver histomorphology was observed by HE staining; the liver function [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl transferase (γ-GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP)] and blood lipid [serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL)] were measured by serum biochemistry. The serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1βwere detected by ELISA, and the expressions of IKK-α, NF-κBp65, IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α proteins in liver tissue were detected by Western blot. The temperature of the conception vessel and the governor vessel was measured by infrared thermography., Results: Compared with the group A, the obvious steatosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the group B, and the body weight, liver wet-weight and liver index were all increased ( P <0.01). Compared with the group B, the liver tissue morphology in the group C, the group D, the group E and the group G was improved in varying degrees, and the liver index was decreased ( P <0.05), which was the most significant in the group C ( P <0.05). Compared with the group A, the ALT, γ-GGT, ALP, TG, TC, LDL, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were all increased in the group B ( P <0.01); compared with the group B, the ALT, γ-GGT, ALP, TG, TC, LDL, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in all intervention groups were all decreased in varying degrees ( P <0.01, P <0.05), which was the most significant in the group C ( P <0.01). Compare with the group A, the expressions of IKK-α, NF-κBp65, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1βproteins in the group B were all increased ( P <0.01); compared with the group B, the expressions of IKK-α, NF-κBp65, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1βproteins in all intervention groups were decreased in varying degrees ( P <0.05), which was the most significant in the group C ( P <0.01). Compared with the group A, the temperature of the conception vessel and governor vessel was decreased in the group B ( P <0.01). Compared with the group B, the temperature of the conception vessel and governor vessel was all increased in the group C, the group D and the group E ( P <0.01); the temperature of the conception vessel in the group C was similar to that in the group D ( P >0.05), while the temperature of the governor vessel in the group C was superior to that in the group D ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: The catgut embedding at back- shu points might inhibit the activation of IKK/IKB/NF-κB signaling pathway to interrupt the inflammatory cascade, and reduce the "second hit" of inflammatory factors on liver, which could slow down NASH progress and prevent and treat NASH.

Objective: To study the combined effect of gestational age and birth weight on metabolites related to inherited metabolic diseases (IMD)., Methods: A total of 3 381 samples ruled out of IMD by follow-up were randomly selected from 38 931 newborns who participated in the neonatal IMD screening during 2014-2016. The 3 381 neonates were categorized into seven groups according to their gestational age and birth weight: extremely preterm appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) group (n=12), preterm small-for-gestational age (SGA) group (n=18), preterm AGA group (n=219), preterm large-for-gestational age (LGA) group (n=18), full-term SGA group (n=206), full-term AGA group (n=2 677), and full-term LGA group (n=231). Heel blood samples were collected from each group on postnatal days 3-7 after adequate breastfeeding. Levels of 17 key IMD-related metabolic indices in dried blood spots were measured using tandem mass spectrometry. Spearman&prime;s correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationships between 17 IMD-related metabolic indices and their influencing factors, while covariance analysis was used to compare the metabolic indices between these groups., Results: After adjusting the influencing factors such as physiological and pathological status, compared with the full-term AGA group, the extremely preterm AGA, preterm SGA, and preterm AGA groups had significantly reduced levels of leucine\isoleucine\hydroxyproline and valine (P&lt;0.05); the preterm AGA group had a significantly decreased ornithine level (P&lt;0.05); the extremely preterm AGA and preterm AGA groups had a significantly reduced proline level (P&lt;0.05). Besides, the phenylalanine level in the extremely preterm AGA and preterm AGA groups, the methionine level in the preterm SGA group, and the tyrosine level in the preterm AGA group all significantly increased (P&lt;0.05). The increased levels of free carnitine, acetylcarnitine, and propionylcarnitine were found in the preterm SGA and preterm AGA groups. The oleylcarnitine level also significantly increased in the preterm SGA group (P&lt;0.05). Most carnitine indices showed significant differences between the SGA group and the AGA/LGA group in both preterm and full-term infants (P&lt;0.05)., Conclusions: Low gestational age and low birth weight may result in abnormal results in IMD screening. Therefore, gestational age and birth weight should be considered to comprehensively judge the abnormal results in IMD screening.

"Adversity" is one primary element that impacts the pharmacology components of authentic Chinese herbal medicine. Knowledge about "adversity" is a precondition of yield estimation, quality monitoring, location selection and the geo-herbalism protection. Used 3S(GIS, RS and GPS) technology to combine multi-source key ecological factors of "Anling", and used parasitic relationships between organisms to extracting its suitable region for the first time. Results showed that the "Anling" were mainly distributed in Dabie coteau. Suitable area amount to 36.8 km², Yuexi, Shucheng, Jinzhai and Qianshan which account for about 93.55% of whole congenial region. The first three accounts for about 80.82%. It was Yuexi that account for 1/3 above especially. Field investigation verify accuracy of extraction about 91.67%, which has confirmed it is feasible that using the relationship between parasitic host and parasitic to extract native environment of parasitic traditional medicine based on 3S technology., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To investigate the changes of TPO levels in patients with acute inflammatory response disease of different etiologies., Methods: In the case -control study, 65 patients with acute inflammatory response disease were enrolled in the case group (15 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 15 patients with acute cerebral infarction, 25 patients with acute trauma and 10 patients with acute pneumonia), and 42 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The levels of TPO in peripheral blood and blood cell counts between the case group and the control group were compared by Student's t test for examing whether the level of TPO in acute inflammation states was higher than that in healthy people. And, by using Kruskal-Wallis H test and Nemenyi test, subsequent subgroup compaison was performed to assess whether there was a difference in TPO levels under the condition of inflammation of different etiologies and at different levels., Results: Compared with the control group,serum TPO levels in case group were significantly higher (181.11±35.38 vs 96.13±9.7 pg/ml)(P<0.001), and the white blood cell count in case group (9.64±3.43)×10 9 /L was higher than that in control group(7.35±1.49)×10 9 /L(P<0.001), but the platelet count in the case group was not statistically different from that in the control group (P=0.313). In the further subgroup analysis, it was found that changes in TPO level were different in different levels of inflammation. The level of TPO in patients with inflammatory disease of high level(acute trauma, acute pneumonia) was greatly higher than that in patients with inflammatory disease of low level(acute myocardial infarction, acute cerebral infarction) (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in platelet count among subgroups., Conclusion: In acute inflammation states, the increase of serum TPO levels does not correlate with platelet counts, but correlates with inflammation levels, and TPO may act as an acute response protein to protect the body.

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy of excision of necrotic and infected tissues combined with induced membrane and external fixator technique to treat chronic osteomyelitis in tibia after fracture operation., Methods: From June 2011 to June 2014, a total of 13 patients with tibia osteomyelitis were treated with excision of necrotic and infected tissues and external fixator technique in the first stage. There were 8 males and 5 females, ranging in age from 16 to 67 years old with an average of (37.3±14.3) years old. Within 6 to 8 weeks the induced membrane was formed and the induced membrane technique was applied to promote new bone forming in the second stage., Results: Thirteen patients had no reinfection and achieved complete bone healing after 24 to 52 months follow-up. All the patients had satisfactory function., Conclusions: Excision of necrotic and infected tissues combined with induced membrane and external fixator technique to treat chronic osteomyelitis in tibia after fracture operation can provide satisfactory results., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose.

Recently, China has commenced water quality criteria (WQC) research using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method. However, it is difficult to obtain sufficient toxicity data on native species for thousands of contaminants. In this study, the feasibility of deriving aquatic life criteria using toxicity data from non-native species was analyzed (taking the USA as an example). Firstly, 10 pollutants [As(Ⅲ), Cr(Ⅵ), Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, nitrobenzene, parathion, chlorpyrifos, tributyltin] with plenty of toxicity data (at least 3 Phyla and 8 Families) both in China and the USA were selected based on the recommended aquatic life criteria of 58 pollutants by the US EPA. Secondly, the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test and comparison method of important points of HC 5 and HC 50 (hazardous concentrations for 5% of the species and 50% of the species) were used to determine the difference of species sensitivity between China and the USA. The result of two-sample K-S test showed that the difference of species sensitivity to Cu, chlorpyrifos and tributyltin between the two countries was significant ( P <0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences for HC 5 values [Cr(Ⅵ), chlorpyrifos] between the two countries, as well as the HC 50 (chlorpyrifos). As a result, there were significant differences for the species sensitivity to some pollutants [Cr(Ⅵ), chlorpyrifos, etc.] between China and the USA. Therefore, in this situation, "over-protection" or "non-protection" may happen when using the criteria values or the toxicity data of American species directly to protect the Chinese native species.

Objective: To assess the prognostic value of pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (Picco) monitoring combined with plasma microRNA-150 detection in septic shock patients., Methods: Clinical data of 48 patients with septic shock admitted in General Intensive Care Unit (GICU), Shanghai First People's Hospital Songjiang Branch Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University from August 2012 to August 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The plasma levels of microRNA-150 in 48 patients at admission were assayed by qRT-PCR; and Picco monitoring was performed to record hemodynamic changes. The correlation of microRNA-150 or Picco parameters with prognosis of patients was assessed by univariate analysis and multivariate logistic analysis. Spearman correlation test showed the relationship between microRNA-150 and Picco parameters. Finally, the clinical value of combining microRNA-150 with Picco monitoring to predict the outcome of septic shock patients was analyzed by ROC curves., Results: Twenty-three patients survived and 25 died in 28 d after admission in GICU. Compared with survival patients, microRNA-150 was significantly lower in fatal patients (t=-10.32, P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that low microRNA-150 level was a risk factor for poor prognosis(OR=2.176,95% CI:1.121-4.223, P<0.05). Compared with fatal cases, the cardiac index of survival patients was higher, while EVLWI and PVPI were lower. MicroRNA-150 level was positively correlated with cardiac index (r=0.712, P<0.05), negatively correlated with EVLWI and PVPI (r=-0.622 and-0.689, both P<0.05). ROC curves showed a satisfactory diagnostic efficiency of combining microRNA-150 with Picco monitoring., Conclusion: Lower microRNA-150 may indicate a poor prognosis, and Picco monitoring combined with microRNA 150 detection may improve the prognostic efficiency in septic shock patients.

Nowadays, systematic studies about water quality criteria are being carried out in China, but studies on soil environmental criteria are comparatively insufficient. In this study, germination and root growth of 8 terrestrial plants (Triticum aestivum, Lactuca sativa, Cucumis sativus, Zea mays, Brassica pekinensis, Glycine max, Allium tuberosum and Solanum lycopersicum) and growth inhibition of 1 terrestrial animal (Achatina fulica) were used to determine the chronic ecotoxicological effects of chromium (VI) using the agricultural moisture soil of Baoding. In addition, with the native toxicity data selected, the HC5 (hazardous concentration for 5% of species) and the ecological protected soil environmental criteria of chromium (VI) in Baoding moisture soil were calculated using the log-normal species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method. Results showed that the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) values for the growth of the terrestrial plants T. aestivum, L. sativa, C. sativus, Z. mays, B. pekinensis, G. max, A. tuberosum, S. lycopersicum, and the terrestrial invertebrate snail A. fulica were 19.0, 21.0, 28.0, 32.0, 28.0, 32.0, 32.0, 12.0 and 20.0 mg x kg(-1), respectively. The comparison of species toxicity data that were tested in the same conditions showed that the terrestrial plant S. lycopersicum was the most sensitive species to chromium (VI), T. aestivum and L. sativa had the same sensitivity to chromium (VI) exposure, whereas, plants C. sativus, Z. mays, B. pekinensis, G. max and A. tuberosum had the same sensitivity to chromium (VI) exposure. Finally, the HC5 value of chromium (VI) in the moisture soil of Baoding was calculated to be 7.7 (4.1 < CI < 11. 3) mg x kg(-1) using the log-normal SSD method, and the ecological protected soil environmental criteria of chromium (VI) was 1.5-7.7 mg x kg(-1). With the investigation of this work, we expect that it could provide useful information for the study of soil environmental criteria in China.

In this study, effects of Pb (NO3)2 on the growth and reproduction of Eisenia fetida were investigated with artificial soils. The results showed that: compared with the control group, the growth of E. fetida in contaminated soil was inhibited significantly with increasing Pb (NO3)2 concentrations. But there were great differences in the extent of inhibition after 0, 7, 28 and 84 days of aging in the artificial soils. The most obvious effect occurred in 1000 mg x kg(-1) and 1500 mg x kg(-1) experimental groups. There was a very big difference in the effects of Pb (NO3)2 on reproduction of E. fetida with different aging times. The medium effective concentration (EC50)values of cocoon production inhibition were 1085.10, 1163.32, 1666.86 and 1606.94 mg x kg(-1). In addition, the EC50 values of the number of juvenile inhibition were 700.01, 703.88, 1 031.34 and 1 017.89 mg x kg(-1), respectively. This study indicates that soil aging which affects the toxicity of Pb (NO3)2 should be taken into consideration when toxicity tests of Pb (NO3)2 were carried out. The results could provide a scientific basis for the ecological risk assessment of aging soils and soil environmental quality standards.

Southern China is an important agricultural planting region of China, but the seasonal drought severely impacted the regional agricultural production. Based on the 1981-2007 meteorological data from 13 typical meteorological stations in the seasonal drought areas in southern China and the data of related crops growth period and yield, three precipitation year types (drought year, normal year, and wet year) were classified based on the yearly precipitation, and by using five indices (coupling degree of water requirement and precipitation during crop water critical stages, meteorological crop yield, output value per unit area, and water use efficiency and precipitation during whole growth period), the comprehensive benefit of all possible cropping patterns in each typical region was evaluated, and the optimal cropping patterns in the different regions of southern China in different precipitation years were obtained. In the semi-arid region, the optimal cropping patterns in dry year included potato-maize-sweet potato and winter wheat-rice-sweet potato. In the semi-humid region and during dry year, winter wheat-rice-sweet potato was the best choice, and rape seed-rice-sweet potato was the second one. In the warm and humid region (the typical region where seasonal drought happened), the best cropping pattern in Jiangnan area in different precipitation years was potato-double cropping rice, and the suitable patterns in southwest area were the triple cropping systems with drought-resistant crops, such as winter wheat-rice-sweet potato, winter wheat-maize-sweet potato, and potato-double cropping rice. From the aspect of maximally utilizing water and heat resources, triple cropping would be the best choice, with the rice and upland crop rotation as the main and with the rice arranged in pairs in wet year.

Objective: To investigate the role of phosphatidylserine (PS) exposure of erythrocytes in the development of anemia in sepsis patients., Methods: A self-control study was conducted. Thirty sepsis patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) were enrolled. Peripheral venous blood was collected on 1 day and 7 days after ICU admission, and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration was examined routinely. A flow-cytometric assay based on Annexin V/ propidium iodide (Annexin V/PI) was used to measure the PS exposure of erythrocytes. The relationship between PS exposure and Hb concentration was analyzed., Results: Hb concentrations in 30 sepsis patients at 7 days after ICU admission were significantly decreased compared with those of patients at 1 day (81.59±3.31 g/L vs. 121.90±3.34 g/L, t=8.570, P=0.000), but the percentage of PS exposure of erythrocytes was significantly higher [(17.19±1.35)% vs. (7.87±0.83)%, t=-6.557, P=0.000]. An inverse correlation was found between percentage of PS-positive RBCs and Hb concentration by Pearson analysis (r=-0.838, P=0.000)., Conclusions: The percentage of PS exposure in erythrocytes is significantly increased in sepsis, and it might contribute to the development of anemia in sepsis patients during hospital stay. The more severe the anemia, the higher the PS in erythrocytes.

Zoning seasonal drought based on the study of drought characteristics can provide theoretical basis for formulating drought mitigation plans and improving disaster reduction technologies in different arid zones under global climate change. Based on the National standard of meteorological drought indices and agricultural drought indices and the 1959-2008 meteorological data from 268 meteorological stations in southern China, this paper analyzed the climatic background and distribution characteristics of seasonal drought in southern China, and made a three-level division of seasonal drought in this region by the methods of combining comprehensive factors and main factors, stepwise screening indices, comprehensive disaster analysis, and clustering analysis. The first-level division was with the annual aridity index and seasonal aridity index as the main indices and with the precipitation during entire year and main crop growing season as the auxiliary indices, dividing the southern China into four primary zones, including semi-arid zone, sub-humid zone, humid zone, and super-humid zone. On this basis, the four primary zones were subdivided into nine second-level zones, including one semi-arid area-temperate-cold semi-arid hilly area in Sichuan-Yunnan Plateau, three sub-humid areas of warm sub-humid area in the north of the Yangtze River, warm-tropical sub-humid area in South China, and temperate-cold sub-humid plateau area in Southwest China, three humid areas of temperate-tropical humid area in the Yangtze River Basin, warm-tropical humid area in South China, and warm humid hilly area in Southwest China, and two super-humid areas of warm-tropical super-humid area in South China and temperate-cold super-humid hilly area in the south of the Yangtze River and Southwest China. According to the frequency and intensity of multiple drought indices, the second-level zones were further divided into 29 third-level zones. The distribution of each seasonal drought zone was illustrated, and the zonal drought characteristics and their impacts on the agricultural production were assessed. Accordingly, the drought prevention measures were proposed.

Based on the 1959-2008 meteorological data from 249 meteorological stations in southern China, and by using crop water deficit index (CWDI) as the agricultural drought index, this paper calculated the drought frequency and drought stations ratio in this region, and analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of drought for spring maize and summer maize during their growth periods. As for the spatial pattern of drought frequency, the drought for spring maize was more severe in the north of Huaihe River, northern Yunnan, and southern South China, but was lighter in the other regions. Except that the drought for summer maize at its late developmental stage was more severe in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River, northern South China, and eastern Southwest China, the drought for summer maize at its other developmental stages within southern China was lighter. As for the variation trend of drought intensity and drought area, the drought intensity of spring maize from its seven-leaf stage to jointing stage in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River increased obviously, while the drought intensity and drought area of the spring maize from its late spinning stage to milky maturity stage presented a decreasing trend. The drought of summer maize from its late jointing stage to tasseling stage and from late spinning stage to milky maturity stage all showed a decreasing trend. In Southwest China, the drought intensity and drought area for spring maize and summer maize had no clear trend. From the viewpoint of the inter-annual and decadal variability of drought intensity and drought area, there was a larger variation for the summer maize in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River, but less difference in Southwest China.

Objective: To investigate whether quantifiable changes in serum levels of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in response to 24 weeks of pegylated-interferon alfa-2a (Peg-IFN-a 2a) treatment are predictive of therapeutic efficacy at 48 weeks of treatment in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and to investigate the efficacy of using an individualized antiviral treatment strategy., Methods: Ninety-six HBeAg-positive CHB patients with detectable HBeAg at week 24 of Peg-IFN-a 2a treatment were categorized according to the quantitative change in HBeAg (vs. pre-treatment baseline): group A, HBeAg decline more than 2 log; group B, HBeAg decline between 1 - 2 log; group C, HBeAg decline less than 1 log, which was then randomly divided into two sub-groups: C1 and C2. Group A, B, and C1 patients continued the original therapy for an additional 24 weeks, while group C2 patients were supplemented with lamivudine (3TC + Peg-IFN-a 2a) for the additional 24 weeks of treatment. All patients underwent liver biopsy at the end of treatment (week 48), and HBV covalently-closed circular (ccc)DNA was quantified as a measure of therapeutic efficacy. A, B, and C1 between-group multiple comparisons were made by the Nemenyi test; C1 and C2 between-group comparison was made by the Mann-Whitney U test. The significance of between-group differences in decreased HBV cccDNA vs. HBeAg/anti-HBe seroconversion was made by the Chi-squared test., Results: At week 48, the mean decrease of serum HBV cccDNA in each group was: A, 5.8 log10 copy/ml; B, 3.8 log10 copy/ml; C1, 2.8 log10 copy/ml; C2, 5.7 log10 copy/ml. Statistically significant differences were observed for group A vs. B and C1 (P less than 0.01) and C1 vs. C2 (P less than 0.01); however, the difference between group B and C1 did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.19). The mean decrease of HBeAg in each group was: A, 2.7 log10 S/CO; B, 1.9 log10 S/CO; C1, 0.9 log10 S/CO; C2, 1.6 log10 S/CO. Statistically significant differences were observed for group A vs. B and C1 (P less than 0.01) and C1 vs. C2 (P less than 0.01). The rate of patients who achieved undetectable HBV DNA in each group was: A, 87.5%; B, 34.5%; C1, 17.4%; C2, 85.0%. Statistically significant differences were observed for group A vs. B and C1 (P less than 0.01) and C1 vs. C2 (P less than 0.01). The HBeAg seroconversion rates were: A, 75.0%; B, 24.1%; C1, 13.0%; C2, 25.0%. Statistically significant differences were observed only for group A vs. B and C1 (P less than 0.01). Finally, group A achieved greater reduction in levels of cccDNA in liver tissues than B or C1 (P less than 0.01); however, the differences between B and C1 and between C1 and C2 did not reach statistical significance., Conclusion: CHB patients who showed an HBeAg decline of more than 2 log at week 24 of Peg-IFN-a 2a treatment had better treatment outcome at week 48 than those who showed HBeAg decline less than 2 log at week 24. Augmenting the Peg-IFN-a 2a treatment with 3TC can improve the clinical response. A change of quantifiable HBeAg at week 24 of Peg-IFN-a 2a treatment may be a useful predictor of therapeutic efficacy of a 48-week antiviral regimen.

To analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics and occurrence regularity of seasonal drought can provide theoretical basis for constituting the countermeasures of drought resistance and drought mitigation under the background of global climate change. Based on the 1959-2008 daily precipitation and atmospheric temperature data collected from the meteorological stations in 15 provinces (municipalities, and autonomous regions) of southern China, and using the percentages of precipitation anomalies (Pa) in the national standard "Meteorological Drought Classification", which were locally modified, the drought indices in southern China in 1959-2008 were calculated, and the spatial distribution characteristics of drought frequency in southern China in each year, each season, and each month, as well as the inter-annual changes of the drought intensity and the proportions of the stations with seasonal drought were analyzed. In the study period, the annual drought risk in southern China was generally low. There existed obvious seasonal differences in the spatial distribution characteristics of the drought. Autumn drought was most frequent and most intensive, mainly occurred in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, South China and in the other major agricultural areas, winter drought was also frequent and intensive, mainly occurred in the west of Southwest China and the South China and other winter crop planting areas, while spring drought and summer drought were relatively less frequent or intensive. Spring drought mostly occurred in the southwest of Southwest China, the south of South China, and Huaibei area etc. , and summer drought mostly occurred in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, southeastern coastal area of Fujian, and northeast of Southwest China. The area with drought frequently occurred showed an obvious monthly fluctuation and space transformation, which was decreased with time from November to next May, increased with time from May to November, in the smallest range from April to June, and in the widest range from November to December. The annual drought area showed a slight decrease while the drought intensity should a slight increase, but the situation differed with season, i. e. , spring drought area slightly decreased and the drought intensity weakened, summer drought area had an obvious decrease and the drought intensity weakened, autumn drought area increased obviously and the drought intensity increased, while winter drought area decreased and the drought intensity weakened.

In recent years, seasonal drought occurs frequently in southern China, giving severe impact on the production of local wintering crops. Based on the 1959-2009 meteorological data from 268 meteorological stations in southern China, and by using crop water deficit index (CWDI) as agricultural drought index, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought for winter wheat and rapeseed. The results showed that in southern China, drought happened more frequently in Southwest China, north Huaihe basin, and parts of South China during the developmental stages of wintering crops. In the mid-lower Yangtze basin, the intensity and extent of drought increased during the mid-late developmental stages of winter wheat, and became much heavier at its later developmental stages. For rapeseed, the intensity and extent of drought increased during the developmental stage before winter and the late developmental stages. In southwest part, the intensity and extent of drought increased significantly during the developmental stage before winter for winter wheat and rapeseed. Since the early 1990s, the intensity and extent of drought in southern China increased during the mid-late developmental stages of wintering crops.

Based on the 1959-2008 precipitation data from 262 meteorological stations in southern China, this paper analyzed the change characteristics of seasonal precipitation trend coefficient, precipitation variability, and annual and decadal precipitation standardized anomalies in this region. In the study period, there was a great difference among the trend of quarter precipitation. In most parts of the region, the precipitation in spring and autumn presented a decreasing trend but that in summer and winter was in adverse; only in southwest part, a slightly different trend was observed. In the whole region, the probability of spring drought decreased, but that of summer drought, autumn drought, and winter drought increased. Spring drought often occurred in south and southwest parts, summer drought and autumn drought often occurred in south part and the middle, lower reaches of Yangtze River, and winter drought expanded from south part to south part and the middle, lower reaches of Yangtze River. The precipitation in spring and autumn was below the normal level after the 1980s, while that in summer and winter was below the normal level before the 1990s, above the normal level in the 1990s, and below the normal level since the 21st century. The decadal change of the seasonal precipitation standardized anomaly in each part of the region was basically consistent, i. e., decreased in autumn and increased in summer and winter.

Objective: Objective to investigate the protective effects of Ligustrazine preconditioning against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats., Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 3 groups: sham operation group, in which animals underwent laparotomy, experimental group and control group in which were treated with 70% IRI of the liver, especially, the animals in experimental group was given intraperitoneal injection of 2 mL Ligustrazine per day for 3 days before operation. After the operation, liver tissues were harvested at 1 h, 6 h, 24 h and 72 h for the study of histomorphological change, the respiratory control ratio (RCR) and phosphorus: oxygen ratio (P/O) of hepatocytes mitochondria, and the contents of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) of liver tissue., Results: (1) The damage hepatic tissue in experimental group was slighter than that in control group at each corresponding time-point after operation. (2) The RCR and P/O ratio at each corresponding time-point were higher in experimental group than those in control group (P < 0.05), and all of the two groups recovered after 72 h. (3) The ATP concentration in experimental group also was higher than that in control group at each corresponding time-point, and recovered faster than control group., Conclusion: The current results show that Ligustrazine preconditioning may improve energy metabolism of rat liver in ischemia reperfusion injury.

The CCD multi-band data of HJ-1A has great potential in inland water quality monitoring, but the precision of atmospheric correction is a premise and necessary procedure for its application. In this paper, a method based on dark pixel for water-leaving radiance retrieving is proposed. Beside the Rayleigh scattering, the aerosol scattering is important to atmospheric correction, the water quality of inland lakes always are case II water and the value of water leaving radiance is not zero. So the synchronous MODIS shortwave infrared data was used to obtain the aerosol parameters, and in virtue of the characteristic that aerosol scattering is relative stabilized in 560 nm, the water-leaving radiance for each visible and near infrared band were retrieved and normalized, accordingly the remotely sensed reflectance of water was computed. The results show that the atmospheric correction method based on the imagery itself is more effective for the retrieval of water parameters for HJ-1A CCD data.

Objective: To study Chinese medicine syndrome features in sub-health insomnia patients, and to make clear the symptom compositions of each syndrome, thus providing references for main and minor symptoms selection, and establishing a syndrome differentiation system in clinical testing., Methods: Chinese medicine syndrome information was collected by multi-centered large-sample clinical data. The information was statistically managed to get common syndrome types, symptoms compositions, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores of sub-health insomnia patients., Results: The most common symptoms of sub-health insomnia patients of yin deficiency fire hyperactivity syndrome and Xin-Pi deficiency syndrome cover difficulties in falling asleep, early awakening, dreaminess, sometimes sleeping sometimes awake, failing in falling into sleep when wake up, failing in sleep all night. There was insignificant difference between the two syndrome types (P>0.05). Some unique symptoms occurred in the two syndrome types as minor symptoms. Fatigue, abdominal distension after eating occurred in patients of Xin-Pi deficiency syndrome. Burning sensation of five centers, irritability, etc. occurred in patients of yin deficiency fire hyperactivity syndrome. Significant difference was shown in minor symptoms (except irritability, vexation, frequent urine) (P<0.05, P<0.01). No significant difference was shown in PSQI score between the two syndrome types (P>0.05). But significant difference was shown in sleep disturbance factors (P<0.05). Patients of yin deficiency fire hyperactivity syndrome had severe sleep disturbance factors., Conclusion: There was no significant difference in main symptoms between the two syndrome types. Some unique symptoms occurred in the two syndrome types as minor symptoms. There was difference in sleep quality compositions.