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Objective: To compare the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of acupoint group for "reinforcing the kidney and regulating Governor Vessel" and acopoint group for "reinforcing the kidney and lung and regulating Governor Vessel" on lear-ning-memory ability and expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) proteins in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in Alzheimer's disease （AD） rats, so as to explore the efficacy of the two acupoint groups and mechanisms underlying improvement of AD., Methods: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into control, sham operation, model, "Baihui" + "Shenshu" (GV20+BL23, for "reinforcing the kidney and regulating Governor Vessel") EA and GV20+BL23+ "Feishu" (BL13, GV20+BL23+BL13, for "reinforcing the kidney and lung and regulating Governor Vessel") EA groups ( n =8 rats in each group). The AD model was established by bilateral injection of amyloid β peptide （Aβ 25-35 ，10 μL) into bilateral hippocampus, and rats of the sham operation group received injection of normal saline. After successful establishment of the model，EA (2 Hz, 2 mA) was applied to these acupoints for 15 min, once daily for 10 days. Then, the learning-memory ability was assessed by using Morris water maze tests, and the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β proteins in the PFC and hippocampus tissues were detected by using Western blot., Results: Following modeling, the average escape latency of place navigation test were significantly increased ( P <0.05) and the platform crossing times of spatial probe test was significantly decreased in the model group than in the control and sham operation groups ( P <0.05). The expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α proteins in the PFC and hippocampus were apparently up-regulated in the model group than in the control and the sham operation groups ( P <0.000 1, P <0.001, P <0.01). After the intervention, the increase of the average escape latency and expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the PFC and hippocampus, and the decrease of space exploration test were revised in both GV20+BL23 EA and GV20+BL23+BL13 EA groups ( P <0.05, P <0.01). No significant differences were found between the GV20+BL23 and GV20+BL23+BL13 EA groups in the above mentioned indexes ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: EA of both GV20+BL23 and GV20+BL23+BL13 acupoint can improve learning-memory ability of AD rats, which is associated with their effects in down-regulating the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the PFC and hippocampus to reduce inflammatory reaction. There were no significant differences between the two acupoint groups in the therapeutic effects.

Objective: To investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on the P35/P25-cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5)-Tau pathway in rats with Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as the mechanism of electroacupuncture in the prevention and treatment of AD., Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, sham-operation group, model group, and electroacupuncture treatment group, with 12 rats in each group. A rat model of AD was established by injection of Aβ 25-35 into the bilateral hippocampus. The rats in the electroacupuncture treatment group were given electroacupuncture at "Baihui" (GV20) and "Shenshu" (BL23) once a day, 15 min each time, for 10 days. Morris water maze was used to evaluate learning and memory abilities, immunohistochemistry was used to measure the distribution and expression of P35/P25, CDK5, and Tau5 in the hippocampus, and Western blot was used to measure the expression of the above mentioned proteins, phosphory-lated Tau(Ser199, Ser202)., Results: In the visual platform test, there were no significant differences in escape latency and search path between groups ( P >0.05). In the hidden platform test, there were no significant differences in escape latency and search path between the control group and the sham-operation group ( P >0.05); the model group had significantly longer escape latency and search path than the control group and the sham-operation group ( P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the electroacupuncture treatment group had significantly shorter escape latency and search path ( P <0.05). In the spatial exploration test, there was no significant difference in the number of platform crossings between the control group and the sham-operation group ( P <0.05). The model group had a significantly lower number of platform crossings than the control group and the sham-operation group ( P <0.01, P <0.05). The electroacupuncture treatment group had a significantly higher number of platform crossings than the model group ( P <0.05). Compared with the control group and the sham-operation group, the model group had significant increases in the protein expression of P35/P25 and CDK5 ( P <0.001), and the electroacupuncture treatment group had significant reductions compared with the model group ( P <0.001). There was no significant difference in the protein expression of Tau5 between groups ( P >0.05). The model group had significantly higher protein expression of phosphorylated Tau(Ser199, Ser202) in the hippocampus than the control group and the sham-operation group ( P <0.01, P <0.05). The electroacupuncture treatment group had significantly lower protein expression of phosphorylated Tau(Ser199，Ser202) than the model group ( P <0.05, P <0.01)., Conclusion: Electroacupuncture may delay the progression of AD by affecting the expression of proteins involved in the P35/P25-CDK5-Tau pathway in the hippocampus of rats.

Objective: To study the correlations of IL-4R gene polymorphism and serum IgE levels with asthma predictive index (API) in children., Methods: One hundred and sixty-seven children with positive API, 187 children with negative API and 203 healthy children (control group) were enrolled. PCR and DNA sequencing were used to identify genotypes of the Arg551Gln locus in IL-4R gene. Serum IgE levels were measured using ELISA., Results: There was no significant difference in the genotype frequencies of the Arg551Gln locus in IL-4R gene among the positive API, negative API and control groups. Serum IgE levels in the positive API group were significantly higher than in the negative API and control groups (P<0.01). In the positive API group, the children aged less than 2 years had significantly lower serum IgE levels than those aged over 2 years (P<0.01)., Conclusions: There is no correlation between the Arg551Gln polymorphism in IL-4R gene and API results. API positivity is correlated with elevated serum IgE levels. An older age (>2 years) may be a risk factor for increased serum IgE levels in children with positive API.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the difference of intolerance to food between southern and northern middle-aged Chinese, and furthermore analyze its association with eating habits in both study population., Methods: ELISA was applied to determine the serum concentrations of specific IgG of 14 food anaphylactogen in 1568 healthy subjects from totally 9 districts in both southern and northern China. Life style questionnaire was also applied to investigate the daily intake of six categorizes of food associated with food intolerance., Results: 45.8% of all subjects were found to be intolerant to certain food. 62.3% of subjects from southern China and 40.4% of subjects from northern China were found to be intolerant to certain food, the difference between southern and northern Chinese was statistically significant. Top three foods intolerant by southern Chinese were crab, egg, and cold fish, while top three food intolerant by northern Chinese were egg, crab, and milk. The differences of intolerance to crab, cold fish, soy bean, rice, and tomato between southern and northern Chinese were statistically significant. Investigation on eating habits revealed that cereals and fish were the major food consumed by subjects in our study. There was no certain association between food intolerance and eating habits., Conclusion: Considering that there are differences between southern and northern Chinese, southern and northern Chinese should pay attention to their daily food in order to avoid food allergy.

Objective: To study the liposoluble constituents from the flowers of Calotropis gigantea and their antimicrobial activities., Methods: The liposoluble constituents from the flowers of Calotropis gigantea were analyzed by GC-MS and their relative contents were determined by area normalization. Their antimicrobial activities against 2 pathogens were tested by agar disc diffusion method., Results: 31 compounds were separated and identified, amounting to 85.14% of the total constituents. The liposoluble constituents from the flowers of Calotropis gigantea exhibited weak antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Canidia albicans., Conclusion: The research result provides scientific foundation for exploitation and utilization of Calotropis gigantea.

Objective: To investigate the association between pulmonary vascular remodeling and expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), endothelin-1 (ET-1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in pulmonary vessels in neonatal rats with hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH)., Methods: A neonatal rat model of HPH was established as an HPH group, and normal neonatal rats were enrolled as a control group. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was measured. The percentage of medial thickness to outer diameter of the small pulmonary arteries (MT%) and the percentage of medial cross-section area to total cross-section area of the pulmonary small arteries (MA%) were measured as the indicators for pulmonary vascular remodeling. The immunohistochemical reaction intensities for HIF-1α, ET-1 and iNOS and their mRNA expression in lung tissues of neonatal rats were measured. Correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between pulmonary vascular remodeling and mRNA expression of HIF-1α, ET-1 and iNOS., Results: The mPAP of the HPH group kept increasing on days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 of hypoxia, with a significant difference compared with the control group (P<0.05). The HPH group had significantly higher MT% and MA% than the control group from day 7 of hypoxia (P<0.05). HIF-1α protein expression increased significantly on days 3, 5, 7 and 10 days of hypoxia, and HIF-1α mRNA expression increased significantly on days 3, 5 and 7 days of hypoxia in the HPH group compared with the control group (P<0.05). ET-1 protein expression increased significantly on days 3, 5 and 7 days of hypoxia and ET-1 mRNA expression increased significantly on day 3 of hypoxia in the HPH group compared with the control group (P<0.05). Both iNOS protein and mRNA expression were significantly higher on days 3, 5 and 7 days of hypoxia than the control group (P<0.05). Both MT% and MA% were positively correlated with HIF-1α mRNA expression (r=0.835 and 0.850 respectively; P<0.05)., Conclusions: Pulmonary vascular remodeling is developed on day 7 of hypoxia in neonatal rats. HIF-1α, ET-1 and iNOS are all involved in the occurrence and development of HPH in neonatal rats.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the fruit of Harrisonia perforata., Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by means of chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data and physicochemical properties., Results: Eight compounds were isolated and identified as caryolane-1,9beta-diol (1), gallic acid (2), 4-O-ethylgallic acid (3), syringic acid ethyl ester (4), protocatechuic acid (5), stigmasterol (6), beta-daucoster (7), beta-sitosterol (8)., Conclusion: Compounds 1, 3 - 5 and 7 are isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1, 3 and 4 are isolated from this genus for the first time.

In order to not affect the image quality of interference fringes on the basis of the structure by increasing the structure angle of Wollaston prism to improve spectrum resolution, the authors optimized the structure of Wollaston prism. Calculating the function of the splitting angle and the structure angle, analysis indicated that taking the isosceles triangle prism with the same nature of the second wedge-shaped prism after the Wollaston prism, which makes the o and e light parallel to the optical axis, and alpha=0 degrees, the imaging interference fringes are no longer affected by changes in the splitting angle. Several optimized Wollaston prisms were made as an array to improve the spectral resolution. Experiments used traditional and optimized Wollaston prism array to detect the spectrum of the 980 nm laser. Experimental data showed that using optimized Wollaston prism array gets a clearer contrast of interference fringes, and the spectral data with Fourier transform are more accurate with DSP.

Objective: To explore if the new treatment with Lund concept could reduce the mortality of patients after severe brain injury., Methods: This study included 68 severe brain injury patients in whom Gloasgow coma score (GCS) was 3-8, and in 30 of them Lund concept was adopted, and the other 38 patients were taken care of by the conventional treatment in controlling intracranial pressure (ICP). Furthermore, in patients of the Lund group and control group ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were monitored continuously for 5 days., Results: The amount of mannitol (g) used was markedly smaller in Lund group than that in the control group (139.6±25.0 vs. 587.5±31.8, P<0.01). The 28-day mortality of Lund group was significantly lower than that in control group (30.0% vs. 57.9%, P<0.05). In Lund group, the incidence of ICP exceeding 25 mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa) or 35 mm Hg or lowering of CPP by 50 mm Hg observed in the non-survivors (n=9) was greater than that observed in the survivors [n=21, (45.0±23.2)% vs. (7.2±3.6)%, (40.2±18.6)% vs. (2.2±1.6)%, (35.9±12.9)% vs. (3.1±2.4)%, all P<0.05]., Conclusion: By adopting the Lund concept, it is possible to reduce postoperative mortality after severe head injury.

Objective: To extract and analyze the liposoluble chemical constituents of the petroleum ether extraction and alcohol extraction from fruits of Harrisonia perforata., Methods: To analyze the liposoluble components by GC-MS., Results: 29 compounds were identified from petroleum ether extraction, amounting to 69.67% of the total detected constituents and the ir relative contents were confirmed. From the alcohol extraction, 12 compounds were identified, amounting to 71.00% of the total detected constituents and the ir relative contents were also confirmed., Conclusion: Linoleic acid, Palmitic acid, beta-Stitosterol are common liposoluble components in two extractions.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from the root of Millettia speciosa., Methods: To isolate and purify by silica gel, macroporous resin D-101 and Sephadex LH-20., Results: Five compounds were isolated from 95% EtOH extract of Millettia Speciosa and their structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic analysis as Isoliquiritigenin (I), Maackiain (II), Pterocarpin (III), Medicarpin (IV) and Homopterocarpin (V)., Conclusion: Compounds I, III are obtained from this plant for the first time, compounds V is isolated from the genus Millettia for the first time.

Objective: To investigate the effects of different temperatures of fluid infusion on diamine oxidase(DAO), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in rabbit with hemorrhagic shock so as to provide a clue to improve the nursing care in patients with hemorrhagic shock., Methods: An animal model of controlled hemorrhagic shock in rabbits as previously reported was used in this randomized experiment. Twenty-three rabbits were randomized to a warm fluid infusion group (n=8), a ambient-temperature fluid infusion group (n=7), and a cold fluid infusion group (n=8). The rabbits were then resuscitated with Ringer's lactate solution three times of that of blood loss. DAO and values of myocardial enzyme were measured before shock, during shock and 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours after fluid infusion, respectively., Results: There was no significant difference in DAO and values of myocardial enzymes among groups, though there was a lower value in DAO and values of myocardial enzymes at 1 hour to 4 hours after warm fluid infusion., Conclusion: Our data indicate that warm fluid infusion in rabbit model of controlled hemorrhagic shock has some beneficial effect on some biochemical values. In view of this result, temperature of fluid infusion in nursing care for patients with hemorrhagic shock should pay more attention to.