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Using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA end ( RACE) technique, a full- length sequence of Y-box gene of cDNA (GenBank No. :FJ492962) from rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) brain tissue was cloned. The full-length cDNA was 1 452 bp, with 5'untranslated region(5'UTR)137 bp, 3'untranslated region(3'UTR)409 bp, open reading frame(ORF)906 bp, encoding 301 amino acids. The molecular weight is 33. 1×103 . PSORT II subcellular localization showed that the protein was in the nucleus, which contains two kinds of nuclear localization signal of pat4 and pat7. The Y-box protein sequences homology among rainbow trout, zebrafish, Atlantic salmon and turbot were 99%, 80% and 79%. Homology modeling shows rainbow trout and human Y-box proteins had the similar tertiary structure. Phylogenetic tree showed that different species of Y-box proteins were divided into three subgroups:subgroup- for fish;subgroup IIIfor amphibians, birds and mammals;subgroup III for arthropod animal, which is consistent with the evolution of species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]