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Foodborne pathogens are important factors that contribute to foodborne illnesses, posing significant threats to food safety and human health, and presenting a major challenge for global healthcare systems. Contaminated food matrices are complex and often have low concentrations of early-stage pathogens, which hinder the sensitivity of existing detection methods. Traditional microbial culture methods are typically used to increase the concentration of pathogens for detection purposes, but these methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, making them inadequate for the rapid testing needs of regulatory authorities. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective methods of isolating and enriching foodborne pathogens to accurately detect early-stage contamination in food and ensure food safety. In recent years, magnetic nanoparticles have been extensively studied. By modifying their surfaces with recognition elements that can specifically bind to pathogens, they can effectively isolate and enrich foodborne pathogens in complex food matrices. When combined with existing highly sensitive detection methods, these magnetic nanoparticles enable rapid early-stage detection of foodborne pathogens. This article provides an overview of Magnetic nanoseparation technology, the coupling methods of magnetic nanoparticles with recognition elements, the types of recognition elements, and the application of combined detection methods. The aim is to provide reference for the development of rapid detection methods for foodborne pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When soft rock roadway passes the water conductive fault fracture zone, the surrounding rock often faces grea tinstability risks. Based on this, FLAC3D is used to perform numerical simulation analysis on the stress, deformation and failure characteristics when it passes through the fault considering the softening effect of mudstone and siltstone by water. And the combined support technology of “advanced deep-hole curtain grouting for water blocking + local advanced small pipe grouting + anchor belt net and cable beam” is proposed, and the deformation and failure law ofsurrounding rock in the soft rock roadway after the support is comparatively studied. The research results show that: when the soft rock roadway is excavated close to the fracture zone of water conductive fault, the maximum settlement of the vault and the horizontal displacement of the side walls are about 510% and 166% higher than that before the immersion because the mudstone and siltstone of the coal roof are affected by the soaking of fault water. While the failure depth of the plastic zone of surrounding rock is about 0.5 m to 4.6 m larger, this leads to the part failure of supporting structure. After adopting the combined support of “advanced deep-hole curtain grouting for water blocking + local advanced small pipe grouting + anchor belt net and cable beam”, the stability for surrounding rock in soft rock roadway crossing the fault has been effectively controlled. And the final vault settlement and side wall displacement can be controlled within 32 mm, while the fracture depth of plastic zone is basically 1.7 m to 2.0 m in the roof and two sides.

The dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm was proposed to recognize the cyclic pattern of hairiness H-value in order to extract the representative cyclic pattern of hairiness H-value from the cyclic data of yarn hairiness H-value (that is the change of the hairiness data on the cyclic time or the length of the cyclic data). The DTW algorithm was optimized by local brute-force search and pruning algorithm. The samples collected from 14 spinning frames and the data of hairiness H-value detected by USTER tester were used to calculate the theoretical cycle and DTW distance between any two cyclic patterns. The test results show that when the hairiness cyclic pattern of a yarn produced by a certain equipment is different from other cyclic patterns in the DTW distance matrix, there may be some abnormality or failure. Under the test conditions, there is a difference between the theoretical and actual cycle, and the average difference is 0.48 m. The actual winding length of the yarn per minute can be derived from the actual cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to research the seismic performance of RC frames filled with Y-steel brace, three one-bay two-story specimens of one half scale were tested under low cycle reversed loading. Failure mechanism, hysteretic behavior, ductility, rigidity degeneration and energy-dissipation of specimen were analyzed. Experimental studies and analysis show that the use of Y-steel brace for reinforcement of RC frame is rational and feasible, and most of the lateral load of structure resisted by Y-steel brace and the beam-column nodes of RC frames is rarely damaged. The joint of link and concrete beam is not damage and the panel joint details are reasonable. The failure of Y-steel brace causes the structure failure. Hysteretic curves of load-lateral drift ratio of specimen have a certain degree of pinching at initial loading stage and hysteretic curves of specimens become relative plump after link yields. The hysteretic curves of load-story lateral drift ratio of the second floor are plumper than the first floor and the lateral deformation of the second floor is larger than the first floor. The existence of the floor increases the stiffness of the frame beams, reducing the cracks of the beam. The constructional details of nodes has little effect on lateral stiffness and has great influence on the deformation capacity of structure. The stiffness degradation degree should be considered when retrofitting earthquake damaged RC frame structures. Design method of Y-steel brace is presented based on the test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the arthroscopic treatment effectiveness of popliteal cyst excision in combination with debridement of the knee under local anesthesia by comparing with continuous epidural anesthesia., Methods: Between June 2002 and January 2013, 145 patients with popliteal cyst underwent arthroscopic popliteal cyst excision in combination with debridement of the knee under local anesthesia (local anesthesia group). In addition, 51 patients with popliteal cyst were treated with the same surgery under continuous epidural anesthesia between February 2000 and August 2005 served as control group. No significant difference was found in gender, age, side, disease duration, or cyst size between 2 groups (P > 0.05). Then, anesthesia time, analgesia effect, anesthesia satisfaction, operation time, bleeding volume, and anesthesia complication were compared between 2 groups. The guidelines of Rauschning and Lindgren were used to assess the effectiveness, and recurrence rate was recorded. Results All incisions healed primarily, no neurological or vascular injury was found. The patients were followed up 1 year and 1 month to 8 years (mean, 3.7 years) in local anesthesia group, and 8 years to 13 years and 7 months (mean, 10.8 years) in control group. Local anesthesia group had shorter anesthesia time, higher visual analogue scale (VAS) score, shorter operation time, and lower bleeding volume (P < 0.05) than control group. Anesthesia satisfaction was reduced in local anesthesia group, but there was no significant difference (χ2 = 0.071, P = 1.000). The anesthesia complication incidence of control group (15.7%, 8/51) was significantly higher than that of local anesthesia group (0) (P = 0.000). Recurrence was found in 12 patients of local anesthesia group (curative ratio 9.7%) and in 5 patients of control group (curative ratio 90.2%), showing no significant difference (χ2 = 0.111, P = 0.774). According to the guidelines of Rauschning and Lindgren, there were 131 cases of grade 0, 13 cases of grade I, and 1 case of grade II in local anesthesia group, and 37 cases of grade 0, 12 cases of grade I, and 2 cases of grade II in control group; significant differences in grading were shown between at pre- and post-operation in 2 groups (Z = -10.683, P = 0.000; Z = -6.385, P = 0.000), and between 2 groups at post-operation (Z = -3.145, P = 0.002)., Conclusion: Compared with under continuous epidural anesthesia, arthroscopic treatment of popliteal cyst excision under local anesthesia can obtain better results. Under local anesthesia, the condition of nerve and vessel can be timely and dynamically observed. Arthroscopic treatment of popliteal cyst excision in combination with debridement of the knee has the advantages of less trauma, lower recurrence rate, and satisfactory results.

Objective: To discuss the effectiveness of Poking reduction with shoulder arthroscopy-assisted surgery for displaced scapular neck fracture., Methods: Between January 2009 and January 2012, 9 cases of displaced scapular neck fracture underwent shoulder arthroscopy-assisted surgery for Poking reduction treatment. Of 9 cases, 6 were men, and 3 were women, aged 21-54 years (mean, 39 years). The causes were traffic accident injury in 7 cases, falling injury from height in 1 case, and hurt injury in 1 case. The shoulder abduction, flexion, and external rotation were obviously limited. X-ray films showed all cases had obvious displaced scapular neck fracture. Three-dimensional reconstruction of CT showed a grossly displaced of fracture. The time of injury to surgery was 4-27 days (mean, 11 days)., Results: Patients obtained healing of incision by first intension, without infection, neurovascular injury, or other surgery-related complications. All patients were followed up 19- 31 months (mean, 23 months). X-ray films showed scapular neck fractures healed from 7 to 11 weeks (mean, 8 weeks). At last follow-up, the shoulder abduction, flexion, and external rotation activity were improved significantly when compared with ones at preoperation (P < 0.05); the shoulder Constant score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgenos (ASES) score, and Rowe score were significantly better than preoperative scores (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The reduction of displaced scapular neck fracture is necessary, and arthroscopic Poking reduction and fixation for displaced scapular neck fracture can reconstruct the shoulder stability and reduce complications.

Objective: To explore the dose-length product calibration method for pencil ionization chamber in cobalt beams., Methods: The PTW TM30009 ionization chamber was placed into the central hole of T40017 head phantom and irradiated 60 s in 20 cm x 20 cm cobalt beam. The charge was collected with UNIDOS electrometer. Absorbed doses were measured with TM30013 0.6 mL farmer-type chamber under the same condition. The CT chamber calibration factor was expressed in dose-length product. Dose linearity and spatial response were also investigated., Results: The calibration factor in dose-length product was derived from measured data. Dose linearity and spatial response were good in cobalt beams., Conclusion: It is feasible to calibrate the CT chamber in cobalt beams for patient dose evaluation in MVCT.

Objective: To investigate the methods and effectiveness of arthroscopic poking reduction and percutaneous fixation of radial head fractures., Methods: Between August 2002 and May 2010, 15 patients with radial head fractures were treated using arthroscopic poking reduction and percutaneous fixation with a Kirschner wire. There were 11 males and 4 females with an average age of 29.6 years (range, 17-41 years). The locations were left side in 6 cases and right side in 9 cases. Injuries were caused by falling in 8 cases, by traffic accident in 4 cases, and by sports in 3 cases. The average time from injury to admission was 3.4 days (range, 1-8 days). Of them, 13 patients had Mason type II, and 2 patients had type III fractures. Accompanying injuries were lateral collateral ligament ruptures in 5 patients., Results: The X-ray films confirmed good reduction and fracture healing. Incisions healed by first intention; no complication occurred, such as neurovascular injury, infection, or hardware failure. All patients were followed up 25 months on average (range, 12-32 months). The flexion-extension arc was (139.0 +/- 7.9) degrees at last follow-up, showing no significant difference when compared with the contralateral (141.0 +/- 5.1) degrees (t = 1.146, P = 0.271); the range of pronation and supination was (143.3 +/- 7.0) degrees when compared with the contralateral (146.0 +/- 4.7) degrees (t = -1.948, P = 0.072). The mean Mayo elbow performance score was 92 (range, 80-100); the mean Broberg-Morrey score was 95.2 (range, 85-100); the results were excellent in 12 cases and good in 3 cases., Conclusion: Arthroscopic poking reduction and percutaneous fixation with a Kirschner wire offers accurate reduction, reliable fixation, minimal trauma, rapid recovery, and lower morbidity for Mason type II and selective Mason type III radial head fractures.

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of percutaneous reduction by leverage and fixation using nonabsorbable suture with neck wear knot loop ligature to treat tibial intercondylar eminence avulsion fractures under the arthroscope., Methods: Between February 2003 and December 2008, 28 patients with tibial intercondylar eminence avulsion fractures were treated, including 16 left knees and 12 right knees. There were 15 males and 13 females with an average age of 19.5 years (range, 14-45 years). The injury causes included traffic accident injury in 11 cases, sport injury in 10 cases, and sprain injury in 7 cases. Based on Meyers-McKeever classification, there were 18 cases of type III and 10 cases of type IV. The X-ray films showed the tibial intercondylar eminence displaced fracture. The mean time between trauma and operation was 7 days (range, 4-12 days). All patients were treated surgically with an arthroscopically assisted reduction by leverage and fixation using 5-0 Ethibond suture with neck wear knot loop ligature., Results: All incisions healed by first intention without infection or injuries of nerves and vessels. Twenty-eight patients were followed up 26 months on average (range, 12-66 months). The X-ray films showed fracture healing within 9-13 weeks (mean, 11 weeks). At last follow-up, all patients were able to return to their pre-injury activity and daily life. The knee joint was stable with no limp or impingement of intercondylar fossa. The knee joint range of motion was 0-130 degrees. The results of Lachman and anterior drawer tests were negative in all patients. At last follow-up, the Lysholm score was 93.5 +/- 2.5, showing significant difference when compared with the preoperative one (29.0 +/- 2.2, t = 53.000, P = 0.000)., Conclusion: Percutaneous reduction by leverage and fixation using nonabsorbable suture with neck wear knot loop ligature is minimally invasive and satisfied reduction and fixation in treating the tibial intercondylar eminence avulsion fracture under the arthroscope, so it is benefit for early functional exercises, and can achieve excellent results.