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In view of the problem of low accuracy of emotion recognition caused by insufficient feature information of a single physiological signal and the mismatch between individual specificity and the global threshold, an improved Relief F matching multi-physiological signal feature selection algorithm was proposed. Firstly, wavelet packet was used to decompose multiple physiological signals and reconstruct them into six emotional-related bands, and extract 8 types of features based on wavelet coefficients and reconstructed signal IMF components through empirical mode decomposition. Secondly, the Relief F algorithm was used to obtain the preferred feature group first, and then the optimized feature group weight formula was constructed to obtain the global optimal matching feature group and its corresponding matching channel. Finally, the PNN method was used to train the sentiment classification model with the data of the global optimal matching feature set and channel. The results show that the proposed method can classify happiness, anger, relaxation and sadness well. The average recognition accuracy rates are 90.89%, 85.39%, 82.81% and 87.56%, respectively, which is an average increase of 1.76% compared to a single physiological signal. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified.

To clarify the adhesion mechanism between steel slag and asphalt at mineral chemical composition level, the molecular models of typical minerals (To clarify the adhesion mechanism between steel slag and asphalt at mineral chemical composition level, the molecular models of typical minerals (To clarify the adhesion mechanism between steel slag and asphalt at mineral chemical composition level, the molecular models of typical minerals C2S, C3S ad Ca2Fe205 of steel slag were established ad the effects of mineral composition, asphalt ageing and moisture on the interaction between asphalt ad steel slag were evaluated. Based on the molecular dynamics simulation ad surface free energy theory, the evolution mechaism of the interface bonding property of steel slag asphalt mixture under the coupling conditions of asphalt ageing and water erosion was revealed using the contact agle measuring instrument and nanoscale adhesion work. Results show that the presence of strong alkaline mineral phases such as C2S, C3S ad Ca2Fe205 significatly improves the bonding ability of steel slag as aggregate to asphalt. The distinction of interface adhesion between diverse mineral phase components ad asphalt mainly stems from resins and aromatics, ad it is affected by the dual effects of atomic charge ad centroid distance. The polarity of steel slag plays an essential role during the absorption of asphalt, the oxidative ageing of asphalt remarkably enhances the electrostatic interaction between asphalt and steel slag mineral phases. The adhesion of strong alkai minerals with asphalt is more susceptible to asphalt ageing but less sensitive to water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the existing power and elevating conditions of workover rig, a kind of device of pulling and running tubing string with unmanned operation at wellhead is developed. It mainly includes automatic suspension system, hydraulic pincers automatically screwing system and remote hydraulic control system. Control commands of each part are concentrated on workover console. A driver remotely controls to catch or put, centralize, center, hang, screw, lock, pull or run tubing. A driver and a site worker can complete the work, which not only reduces the labor intensity, but also keeps the workers away from the harm of dangerous area at wellhead. The new device has great advantages with its simple design, small volume and stable performance, do not occupy the wellhead artificial operation space, do not affect the artificial well control emergency, do not interfere with the wellhead evacuation and do not increase the moving vehicles and operation cost. Its operation speed is controllable and as nearly as manual operation. It is popular with the oilfield workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] This paper aims to analyze the characteristics and advantages of digital note tools, so as to remove the obstacles encountered in the process of scientific research, dredge the scientific research process, and improve the scientific research efficiency.[Method/Process] Through literature analysis, network research and other methods, we sought relevant note-taking tools for the common pain points in scientific research activities, and explored its functional advantages as the starting point. [Result/Conclusion] It is finally concluded that digital note-taking tools have considerable advantages in auxiliary supplementing human brain functions, solving process inefficiency and building knowledge networks, and can achieve the goal of enabling scientific research.

The purpose of this study is to compare the differences among neck muscle fatigue evaluation algorithms and to find a more effective algorithm which can provide a human factor quantitative evaluation method for neck muscle fatigue during bending over the desk. We collected surface electromyography signal of sternocleidomastoid muscle of 15 subjects using wireless physiotherapy Bio-Radio when they bent over the desk using memory pillows for 12 minutes. Five algorithms including mean power frequency, spectral moments ratio, discrete wavelet transform, fuzzy approximation entropy and the complexity algorithms were used to calculate the corresponding muscle fatigue index. The least squares method was used to calculate the corresponding coefficient of determination R 2 and slope k of the linear regression of the muscle fatigue metric. The coefficient of determination R 2 evaluates anti-interference ability of algorithms. The maximum vertical distance L max which is obtained by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for the slopes k evaluates the ability to distinguish fatigue of algorithms. The results indicate that in the aspect of anti-interference ability, the fuzzy approximation entropy has the largest R 2 when using memory pillows with different heights. When the fuzzy approximate entropy is compared with average power frequency or the discrete wavelet transform, the differences are significant ( P < 0.05). In terms of distinguishing the degree of fatigue, the approximate entropy is still the largest, with a maximum of 0.496 7. Fuzzy approximation entropy is superior to other algorithms in ability of anti-interference and distinguishing fatigue. Therefore, fuzzy approximation entropy can be used as a better evaluation algorithm in the evaluation of cervical muscle fatigue.

In current domestic research on laparoscopic training, researchers usually consider instrument movement path in the hand-eye coordination relationship. However, they ignore the information contained in visual cues by which could guide and control instrument movements. Studies in other areas have shown that trainers can improve their perceptual-motor skills by gaze training. This paper was designed to examine the effectiveness of eye gaze tracking technology in laparoscopic training and to analyze gaze strategy of the subjects in different training methods. The Tobii X1 Light Eye Tracker was used to track the gaze position of subjects when they were performing the two-handed transferring task in box trainer, and to obtain parameters related to gaze strategy including the efficiency of task completion, as well as visual search, visual processing and observation transfer analysis based on Markov chain model. The results showed that the completion time during the last training in gaze training group was decreased by 101.5 s comparing to the first training. Compared with video training group, gaze strategy of gaze training group has a significant change, such as fixation and saccade duration rate was increased by 38%, fixation duration on target area was increased, and saccade amplitude increased by 0.58°, and the probability of the fixation point transferring to equipment decreased by 15%. The results demonstrated that eye gaze tracking technology can be used in laparoscopic training, and can improve the subjects' skills and shorten the learning curve by learning gaze strategies of experts.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of laparoscopic simulation training with different attention. Attention was appraised using the sample entropy and θ/β value, which were calculated according to electroencephalograph(EEG) signal collected with Brain Link. The effect of laparoscopic simulation training was evaluated using the completion time, error number and fixation number, which were calculated according to eye movement signal collected with Tobii eye tracker. Twenty volunteers were recruited in this study. Those with the sample entropy lower than0.77 were classified into group A and those higher than 0.77 into group B. The results showed that the sample entropy of group A was lower than that of group B, and fluctuations of A were more steady. However, the sample entropy of group B showed steady fluctuations in the first five trainings, and then demonstrated relatively dramatic fluctuates in the later five trainings. Compared with that of group B, the θ/β value of group A was smaller and shows steady fluctuations. Group A has a shorter completion time, less errors and faster decrease of fixation number. Therefore, this study reached the following conclusion that the attention of the trainees would affect the training effect. Members in group A, who had a higher attention were more efficient and faster training. For those in group B, although their training skills have been improved, they needed a longer time to reach a plateau.

This paper aims to explore the thermal feelings of different cover materials effect on wheelchair cushion comfortableness,and to build a mathematical model for motorized wheelchair cushion comfortableness.By measuring temperature and humidity between the contact face of motorized wheelchair cushion and human body as well as the setting posture adjustment time while cushion cover materials are nylon cloth,leather,fishnets cloth.At the same time,each volunteer took a questionnaire about the comfort of different cushion cover materials.Results showed that fishnets cloth was most comfortable,leather was worst,while nylon cloth was in between the two.The experimental objective data were consistent with the subjective data.We built a back propagation(BP)neural network mathematical model for motorized wheelchair cushion comfortableness.This study will provide objective reference to motorized wheelchair for the designers and users.

Objective: To study the expression and predictive value of MTDH, Bcl-2 and E-cadherin in sinonasal malignant mucosal melanoma (SNM)., Methods: Seventy-four formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded SNM specimens were subjected to immunohistochemical staining of MTDH, Bcl-2 and E-cadherin. Correlation between staining results and disease outcome was analyzed.SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the data., Results: Positive staining of MTDH, Bcl-2 and E-cadherin was observed in 56/74 (75.7%), 18/74 (24.3%) and 21/74 (28.4%) cases, respectively. MTDH positive patients had higher metastatic rate than MTDH negative patients (67.9% vs. 33.3%, P=0.009, OR=2.037, 95% CI: 1.034-4.016). Negative Bcl-2 was correlated with worse overall survival time (HR=2.023, P=0.025). Expression of E-cadherin was adversely associated with expression of MTDH (r=-0.315, P=0.006)., Conclusion: High MTDH expression and low Bcl-2 expression suggest poor prognosis of SNM, while the predictive value of E-cadherin needs further study.

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of malignant tumor of nasal cavity and sinus that based on modern radiotherapy., Method: Two hundred cases of malignant tumor of nasal cavity and sinus were retrospectively analyzed from 2004 to 2007. All the cases were location by CT simulator system and were treated with three dimensional conformal radiotherapy., Result: Among malignant tumor of nasal cavity and sinus, the incidence for locations was nasal cavity > maxillary sinus > ethmoid sinus > sphenoid sinus; the incidence for the type of pathology was squamous cell carcinoma > adenocarcinoma > olfactory neuroblastoma and olfactory esthesioneuroepithelioma > malignant melanoma > rhabdomyosarcoma; the incidence for general metastasis was rhabdomyosarcoma > malignant melanoma > adenocarcinoma, inverted papilloma and malignant changes > squamous cell carcinoma, olfactory neuroblastoma and olfactory esthesioneuroepithelioma. No severe radiation-related complication were found., Conclusion: Clinical stage, pathological type were the important factors effecting the prognosis of patients with malignant tumor of nasal cavity and sinus. Three dimensional conformal radiotherapy based on CT simulator system could improve therapeutic effect and protect the normal tissue very well.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features, diagnosis and treatment of giant cell granuloma outside the jaw., Method: The clinical and pathological datas of 3 cases in nasopharynx, temporal bone and maxillary sinus were analyzed retrospectively. The relevant literatures were also reviewed., Result: The patients presented with local painless mass, part of which were aggressive. Histopathological feature was, replacement of the normal bone structure with proliferating fibrous tissue containing numerous giant cells was shown., Conclusion: Giant cell granuloma outside the jaw was a non-neoplastic lesion, and extremely rare. It was somewhat difficult to make a correct diagnosis. Combining the clinical data and pathological feature were more helpful to the diagnosis. Total surgical resection was an effective therapeutic method.

Objective: To investigate the distribution patterns of microvascular density(MVD) and lymph vessel density (LVD) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and to discuss their relationships with tumor recurrence-metastasis and prognosis., Method: One hundred and six patients with pathologically proved nasopharyngeal carcinoma were included in this study. Immunostainings for the vascular endothelial marker CD34 and the lymph vessel marker D2-40 were performed. The microvascular and lymph vessels within the tumor and the peritumoral area were respectively quantified with computer assisted morphometric analysis., Result: Both microvascular and lymph vessels were positive in the specimen of 106 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, with MVD and LVD higher in the peritumoral area than in the tumor. Univariate analysis showed that intra-tumor MVD,intra-tumor and peritumor LVD were correlated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma recurrence-metastasis (P < 0.05), while no significant correlation was found between tumor recurrence-metastasis and age, gender, T stage, lymph node stage, clinical stage and peritumor MVD (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that intra-tumor MVD and peri-tumor LVD were two independent risk factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma recurrence-metastasis. Higher intra-tumor MVD was associated with adverse prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: High MVD and LVD may be of significance in predicting poor prognosis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Intra-tumor and peri-tumor microvessels may play different roles in the tumor recurrence and metastasis. Intra-tumor MVD and peri-tumor LVD should be the therapeutic targets in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of anti-apoptosis gene Survivin and tumor suppressor gene PTEN in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC) METHOD: The expression of Survivin and PTEN protein were detected by immunohistochemistry Envision method in 71 specimens of LSCC, and 10 specimens of vocal cord polyp as control., Result: No Survivin was detected in polyp of vocal cord. However, it was detected in 53 of 71 (74. 6%) specimens from the patients with LSCC. The Survivin expression was unrelated to the age and sex of patients or the size of tumors ( P >0.05) ,but related to the tumor site, clinical stage, histological grade, lymphatic metastasis and tumor prognosis ( P <0. 05). PTEN had the expression in all specimens of vocal cord polyp. However, it was detected in 33 of 71 (46. 5%) specimens of laryngeal carcinoma. The PTEN expression was unrelated to the clinical data including age, gender, tumor size and site ( P >0. 05), but related to the clinical stage, pathological grade, lymph node metastasis and prognosis ( P <0. 05). There was a negative correlation between Survivin expression and PTEN expression ( P <0. 05)., Conclusion: The abnormal expression of Survivin and PTEN gene may be related to carcinogenesis, tumor progress and prognosis. The Survivin and PTEN gene may act as markers predicting biological behavior of LSCC. The coexpression of Survivin and PTEN gene have the synergism in carcinogenesis and tumor progress of LSCC.

Objective: To assess the radio-protective effect of amifostine on the middle ear in animal models by observing the morphological changes of middle ear mucosa., Method: Adult guinea pigs (n=38) were divided into the radiation group, the radiation-amifostine group and the control group. The first two groups were exposed to total 45 Gy of Gamma radiation which was administered to the right ear of each guinea pig with 3.0 Gy/fraction, 5 times per week, using a cobalt-60 machine. And the radiation+amifostine group was pretreated with the radio protector amifostine 100 mg/kg intra-peritoneally 30 min before each fraction of radiation. Sterile saline was administered intra-peritoneally in radiation group before ear irradiation. Two normal guinea pigs given no treatment were chosen as the control. The tympanic bullas were removed and the mucosae was processed for light microscope and scanning electron microscope examination on the 2nd and 30th days post irradiation to observe mucosa thickness, leukocyte and cilia., Result: Light microscope and scanning transmission electron microscope examination showed in radiation groups that the middle ear effusion occurred; the cilia and micro cilia fell off, fused or collapsed; their directions changed; the mucosa became thicker; and leukocytes were also found infiltrating into the mucosa. On the 30th day,the damage was more serious. As comparison, there was no manifest damage of the middle ear mucosa in radiation+amifostine group. The mucosa thickness and the leukocyte quantity of radiation group were obviously higher than that of radiation+amifostine group (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The middle ear mucosa was found to change over time after irradiation. Amifostine has a protective effect on radiation induced early middle ear injury.

Objective: To study the clinicopathological features of otolaryngol melanoma and to elucidate its diagnosis., Method: The clinical data were reviewed retrospectively and immunohistochemical stains were performed in 40 cases of melanoma., Result: The course of the disease was aggressive. Three histological types were found: big epithelioid cell type (25 cases), small lymphoid cell type (12 cases) and spindle cell type (3 cases). The tumor cells were positive for VIM, S-100, HMB45., Conclusion: Otolaryngol melanoma is a rare tumor. It can be differentiated from other head and neck tumors based on the histopathologic features and immunohistochemical finds. Histological type of the tumor is important for clinical therapy and prognostic evaluation.

Objective: To improve the diagnosis and treatment levels of the chondrosarcoma in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses., Method: Nine patients with chondrosarcoma in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were investigated. Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were analyzed respectively., Result: The clinic pathologic features of chondrosarcoma in nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were complex and various. The lesions were wide and close to the skull base in 4 patients with secondary chondrosarcoma, poorer prognosis was noted. Irregular and molted calcifications were radiographic findings of chondrosarcoma. Eight patients were diagnosed after explorative operation by partial or total resection of tumor. Histological grade I were the commonest., Conclusion: Histological, clinical features and computed tomography should be paid attention to the disease and early explorative operation and resection will make contribution to the definite diagnosis and prognosis.

Objective: To study the influence of Cefaclor and Prednisonum to the expression of cell adhesion molecule in experimental otitis media with effusion (OME)., Method: SD rats models of OME were made using formalin killed nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae and the expression of adhesion molecules Mac-1 and L-Selectin was analysed by flow cytometry using white blood cell obtained by cardiac puncture in control, bacterial and medicine groups. The pathology of middle ear mucosa was investigated to understand the relationship between the expression of adhesion molecules and the pathology., Result: It was found that the expression of adhesion molecules Mac-1 and L-Selection in bacteria group increased obviously with pathological change of the middle ear mucosa. Cefaclor and Prednisonum could decrease the expression of adhesion molecules and inhibited the leukocyte accumulation in the middle ear cavity though there was no significant differences except for the L-Selectin in the Cefaclor group between the bacteria group and the medicine group., Conclusion: Dead bacteria in the middle ear may act as an antigen to induce the inflammatory response and effusion of the middle ear. The expression of adhesion molecules Mac-1 and L-Selectin is highly related to the inflammatory response. Cefaclor and Prednisonum may improve otitis media with effusion, which may related to the decreasing expression of Mac-1 and L-Selectin.