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Objective To investigate the regulatory effect of tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) on ferroptosis in mouse cardiomyocytes and its mechanism. Methods RT-qPCR was used to measure the relative expression level of 5'tRF-LysCTT in the heart, liver, spleen, kidney, brain, and muscle of C57BL/6J mice aged 8 weeks. Primary cultured cardiomyocytes were divi-ded into groups A, B, C, and D: the cardiomyocytes in group A were cultured in a complete medium for 60 h; those in group B were cultured in a complete medium for 24 h, followed by starvation treatment for 12 h and H/R treatment for 24 h; those in groups C and D were transfected with antagomir-NC and antagomir-5'tRF-LysCTT, respectively, and were given starvation treatment (12 h) and H/R treatment (12 h) after 24 h of transfection. Primary cultured cardiomyocytes were divided into groups E, F, and G: the cardiomyocytes in group E were cultured in a complete medium for 24 h; those in group F were transfected with agomir-NC for 24 h; those in group G were transfected with agomir-5'tRF-LysCTT for 24 h. RT-qPCR was used to measure the relative expression levels of 5'tRF-LysCTT, Ptgs2, Gpx4, and Slc7a11 in mouse cardiomyocytes of groups A-G; ferrous ion colorimetric test kit, lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) staining, and CCK8 assay kit were used to measure the relative content of ferrous ions, ROS level, and the survival rate of cardiomyocytes in groups A-G; Prussian blue staining was used to observe iron ion deposition in cardiomyocytes. Results RT-qPCR showed that the expression level of 5'tRF-LysCTT in heart was significantly higher than that in the liver, spleen, kidney, brain, and muscle (F=16.21,t=3.81-7.93,P0.05). Compared with group E, group G had significant increases in the relative expression levels of 5'tRF-LysCTT and Ptgs2, significant reductions in the relative expression levels of Gpx4 and Slc7a11, significant increases in the relative content of ferrous ions and ROS level, and a significant reduction in the survival rate of cardiomyocytes (t=3.57-91.84,P0.05). Conclusion 5'tRF-LysCTT can regulate ferroptosis in mouse cardiomyocytes, and knockdown of 5'tRF-LysCTT can inhibit cardiomyocyte ferroptosis induced by H/R, while overexpression of 5'tRF-LysCTT can promote cardiomyocyte ferroptosis.

In order to investigate the effects of different doses of 60Co-γ-ray irradiation on rice, this experiment employed a texture analyzer, a rapid viscosity analyzer, a differential scanning calorimeter, a rheometer, an X-ray diffractometer, and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to characterize the eating quality of rice and the physicochemical properties and structure of rice starch. The results indicated that as irradiation dose increased, the water absorption and volumetric expansion of rice during cooking, and the pH, dissolved solid content and iodine blue value of rice broth fell significantly (P < 0.05). High doses of irradiation resulted in a noticeable increase in the total color difference (ΔE) of rice compared with that before irradiation, and a ΔE of 12.53 was obtained at 10 kGy, indicating a significant color change. Also, the irradiation notably affected the hardness of cooked rice. The peak viscosity, setback value, and gelatinization enthalpy of rice starch decreased significantly (P < 0.05) with the increase in irradiation dose; the irradiation also reduced the rigidity, elasticity, relative crystallinity and orderliness of rice starch, with the crystallinity being decreased from 23.68% to 15.69%. The measurement results of cooking indicators, rice soup properties, ΔE, and texture characteristics indicate that higher irradiation doses reduced the edible quality of rice. Moreover, the contents of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch in irradiated rice starch increased, with the latter being increased to 20.22% after irradiation treatment at 4 kGy. Compared with the unirradiated control, the irradiation reduced the hydrolysis rate of starch. Overall, γ-ray irradiation altered the crystalline structure of starch, thereby enhancing its pasting and rheological properties and inhibiting its digestibility, but rice is not suitable for high doses of irradiation treatment. This study provides theoretical guidance for the production of irradiated rice and its products, as well as for the modification of starch.

Glioma is often recurred after standard treatment due to its complex biological characteristics and the presence of glioma stem cells (GSCs). High -mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) can regulate the malignant progression of glioma through a variety of ways as an oncogene. This article reviews the relationship between HMGB1 gene and the prognosis of glioma patients, tumor pathological grading, GSCs, and the ways including non coding RNA pathway, autophagy pathway, tumor microenvironment, etc., in which HMGB1 gene regulates glioma, so as to provide the reference for the treatment of glioma.

旨在提升我国二聚酸工业化水平和产品竞争力，从合成和应用两个方面对近年来二聚酸的研究进展进行了综述。二聚酸以C18不饱和脂肪酸为原料，通过Diels-Alder反应或碳正离子反应机制经催化聚合或热聚合制备得到，通过分子蒸馏提纯后二聚酸含量可高达98%以上；二聚酸在合成聚酰胺树脂、聚酯类化合物、氢化二聚酸以及生产润滑剂和腐蚀抑制剂等方面均有应用。建议进一步对二聚酸合成机制、合成工艺及下游产品的应用进行深入研究。In order to enhance the industrialization level and product competitiveness of dimer acid, the research progress on dimer acid from two aspects of the synthesis and application in recent years were reviewed. Dimer acid can be obtained by catalytic dimerization or thermal dimerization of C18 unsaturated fatty acids through Diels-Alder reaction or carbocation reaction mechanism, and the content of dimer acid can reach more than 98% by molecular distillation. Dimer acid has been used in the synthesis of polyamide resin, polyester compounds, hydrogenated dimer acid and production of lubricants and corrosion inhibitors. Further studies of the synthesis mechanism, synthesis technology and downstream product application of dimer acid should be performed.

Background Asthma is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases. Understanding its prevalence, trend and risk factors is of great significance to take targeted preventive and control measures. Objective To analyze the prevalence, burden and trend of asthma in China from 1990 to 2019, and analyze the rank of asthma risk factors, so as to provide a basis for effective prevention and control of asthma in China. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease Database 2019 (GBD 2019), disability-adjusted life years (DALY), years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD) and prevalence rates were used to analyse trends in the burden of disease by gender and age in China from 1990 to 2019. Changes in asthma risk factors were analyzed by population attributable faction (PAF) of standardized DALY rate and mortality rate. Results In 2019, the age-standardized DALY rate, YLL rate and YLD rate for asthma in China was 102.81/ 100 000, 24.50/100 000 and 78.31/100 000, respectively, and the standardized prevalence rate was 1 974.16 /100 000, which was higher in all males than females, and higher in the 1-9 and ≥65 years old groups than the other groups. 1990-2019, the crude YLL rate was gradually decreasing in the ≥40 years old group, with DALY crude rates, YLD crude rates and prevalence all crossing over in the

Objective To explore the biomarkers and potential mechanisms of chronic restraint stress-induced myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia ApoE-/- mice. Methods The hyperlipidemia combined with the chronic stress model was established by restraining the ApoE-/- mice. Proteomics and bioinformatics techniques were used to describe the characteristic molecular changes and related regulatory mechanisms of chronic stress-induced myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia mice and to explore potential diagnostic biomarkers. Results Proteomic analysis showed that there were 43 significantly up-regulated and 58 significantly down-regulated differentially expressed proteins in hyperlipidemia combined with the restraint stress group compared with the hyperlipidemia group. Among them, GBP2, TAOK3, TFR1 and UCP1 were biomarkers with great diagnostic potential. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that ferroptosis was a significant pathway that accelerated the myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia combined with restraint stress-induced model. The mmu_circ_0001567/miR-7a/Tfr-1 and mmu_circ_0001042/miR-7a/Tfr-1 might be important circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks related to ferroptosis in this model. Conclusion Chronic restraint stress may aggravate myocardial injury in hyperlipidemia mice via ferroptosis. Four potential biomarkers are selected for myocardial injury diagnosis, providing a new direction for sudden cardiac death （SCD） caused by hyperlipidemia combined with the restraint stress.

With the development of economy, there is an increasing need of nuclear energy, which means that nuclear waste transmutation is becoming more and more important. Usually, there are two ways to preform nuclear transmutation, one of which is neutron transmutation. Neutron transmutation is the main way to process most of nuclear waste, including almost all transuranic elements and several kinds of fission products. However, the reaction cross sections of some fission products are small for neutron transmutation. So, it is worthwhile to develop an auxiliary way. Photon nuclear transmutation could be a reasonable way to process nuclear waste when the intensity of high energy gamma beam reaches a certain level. There are several different methods to produce high energy gamma rays, like Bremsstrahlung, in-flight positron annihilation, laser Compton backscattering (LCS) and (p,γ) resonant reactions. High energy gamma rays from Bremsstrahlung have very low production rate. The methods of LCS and in-flight positron annihilation need large-scale electron accelerators. Gamma rays from (p,γ) resonant reactions are based on tandem accelerators, which is only working on hundreds of kilovolts voltage. It makes (p,γ) resonant gamma source a very attractive way to be used in nuclear waste transmutation, since it has a relatively low cost. With the technology development of high intensity proton beam accelerator, the beam intensity can reach more than 100 mA. Under such condition, the gamma beam intensities can be improved greatly. Then, (p,γ) resonant gamma source becomes a promising way to process nuclear wastes. There are some different reactions can be used to produce high energy gamma rays, 7Li(p,γ)8Be resonant reaction is the best choice among them. The gamma ray energies from this reaction, 14.8 and 17.6 MeV, just locate in the giant resonance region. The experiment was done by using the 2×1.7 MV tandem acceleration at China Institute of Atomic Energy. Gamma rays emitted from 7Li(p,γ)8Be reaction were detected by HPGe detector. In order to get maximized gamma ray yield, the LiF target was positioned 45° to the proton beam direction. The 197Au target was parallel placed with the LiF target while it was irradiated by high energy gamma rays. It has been irradiated for 3.85 h. After irradiation, the 197Au target was placed in the low background chamber. A Compton suppressed HPGe spectrometer was used to measure the decay gamma rays from 196Au. The transmutation rate from this experiment is finally obtained to be (586.83±22.98)s-1 under the proton beam intensity at 0.81 μA for an 18.5 mm diameter and 2 mm thick gold target. The experimental results lay a technical foundation for the experimental study of photon nuclear transmutation by using (p, γ) resonant gamma source.

The region from cladding to pellet of the leak rod with the burnup of 41 GW·d/tU and the intact rod with the burnup of 45 GW·d/tU was characterized by nanoindentation, metallurgical microscope, and Raman spectroscopy. The results show that a porous high burnup structure (HBS) appears on the pellet periphery of the intact rod, and this phenomenon results in the decrease of the hardness of periphery of the pellet. The hardness of the pellet of the leak rod decreases along the radial direction towards the centre of the pellet, which is mainly related to the migration of the pores and the reconstruction of the fuel pellet. After the leak of the cladding, coolant enters the gap between the cladding pellets and reacts with the pellets. The porosity of the HBS of the leak rod is less than that of the intact rod, and the hardness of the HBS of the leak rod is slightly higher. Meanwhile, the temperature change leads to grain reconstruction and the formation of large-sized columnar crystals, resulting in the decrease of hardness in the middle and centre of the leak rod fuel pellet. The leak of the cladding does not change the phase composition of the pellets. As a result, the Young's modulus of intact rod and leak rod pellets does not show much difference. The hardness of the FCCI layer of the intact rod increases gradually along the cladding towards the pellet, while the Young's modulus firstly decreases and then increases. The hardness of the FCCI layer of the leak rod increases at first and then decreases, while the change of the Young's modulus is in general similar to the hardness of the leak rod along the cladding to the pellet. The phenomenon arises from the combined effects of phase structure transformation and fission product doping. The hydrogenation and oxidation of the cladding after the leak of the fuel rod results in a significantly higher hardness and Young's modulus of the leak rod cladding than that of the intact rod.

Nattokinase (NK), a serine protease, can be used as a thrombolytic agent. Compared with clinical thrombolytic drugs (urokinase and streptokinase), NK has the advantages of low price, high thrombolytic efficiency, oral administration, and no toxic side effect, making it an ideal natural thrombolytic agent. At present, commercial thrombolytic NK products have the problems of low activity and bioavailability, which enter the bloodstream to exert thrombolytic effects through the oral and gastrointestinal digestion and absorption system. The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) environment (strong acidity, pepsin and trypsin) can destroy the spatial structure of NK, leading to a decrease or loss of its thrombolytic activity. The construction of functional vectors for NK delivery using natural biomaterials such as lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins can effectively avoid these adverse factors in the digestive system, enhancing the stability of NK, and improving its biological activity and bioavailability in the body. Beginning with an overview of the structural and functional properties of NK, this paper summarizes recent progress in research on functional vectors for NK delivery in order to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for efficient and stable thrombolytic NK products.

Litsea cubeba essential oil (LCEO) has attracted wide attention as a natural antibacterial material due to its advantages of high safety, no drug resistance and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of LCEO against Penicillium italicum in citrus fruits and its mechanism. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of LCEO, and its influence on the mycelial growth, spore germination, release of cell components, extracellular pH and electrical conductivity of Penicillium italicum were determined after LCEO treatment. The changes of the surface morphology of Penicillium italiana mycelia caused by LCEO were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the integrity of the spore membrane was detected by propidium iodide (PI) staining. The disease incidence and lesion diameter in citrus fruits infected with Penicillium italicum were determined. The MIC of LCEO against Penicillium italicum was 1.17 mg/mL. LCEO could significantly inhibit the mycelial growth and spore germination of Penicillium italicum, and the inhibition rates of mycelial growth and spore germination were (88.17 ± 0.30)% and (97.78 ± 0.30)% after 1 000 mg/L LCEO treatment, respectively. With an increase in LCEO concentration, the extracellular conductivity and extracellular pH of Penicillium italicum increased gradually, and the leakage of nucleic acid became more serious. SEM observation showed the mycelial linearity was lost, and irreversible morphological changes such as distortion, shrinkage and shriveling appeared on the mycelial surface after LCEO treatment. The higher the concentration of LCEO, the more serious the damage to the integrity and permeability of Penicillium italicum mycelia. The results of PI staining showed that the integrity of the cell membrane of the spores was damaged. In addition, the in vivo experiments showed that the disease incidence and lesion diameter of LCEO-treated citrus fruits decreased significantly compared to the untreated control group (P < 0.05), and the best effect was observed at 4 800 mg/L concentration. LCEO could effectively inhibit the spread of Penicillium italicum in citrus fruits, and it had a good control effect on citrus blue mold.

Background As an important part of diabetes treatment, insulin can be administered either by multiple daily injections (MDI) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) via an insulin pump, but there are still controversies around the effectiveness of insulin administered by both methods in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among older adults. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of CSII in T2DM in older adults using meta-analysis, and to test the validity of the analysis results using trial sequential analysis (TSA) . Methods Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data, CQVIP and SinoMed were retrieved for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to December 2021 regarding the effectiveness of CSII via an external insulin pump compared with that of MDI of insulin for older adults with T2DM. The primary outcomes included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2 hPG), HbA1c and incidence of hypoglycaemia. The secondary outcomes included the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), total daily dose of insulin, and the time to achieve glycemic target. Two researchers independently carried out literature enrolment, quality evaluation and data extraction. RevMan 5.3 was adopted for meta-analysis. TSA v0.9 (Copenhagen Trial Unit) was adopted for TSA. Results Sixteen RCTs were included in total. Meta-analysis demonstrated that CSII via an external insulin pump outperformed MDI of insulin in improving FPG〔MD=-0.82, 95%CI (-1.09, -0.54), P

Background and purpose: Bladder cancer is one of the common tumor of the urinary system. The protein arginine methyltransferase 7 (PRMT7) has been reported in gastrointestinal tumors, but its biological role and mechanism in bladder cancer are still unknown. In this study, the effect of PRMT7 on the proliferation and migration of human bladder cancer cells and its possible mechanism were investigated. Methods: Human bladder cancer cell lines 5637, T24, RT112, UM-UC-3 and ureteral epithelial immortalized cells SV-HUC-1 were cultured in vitro, and the expression of PRMT7 was detected by Western blot. The expression of PRMT7 gene was silenced by RNA interference, and the negative control group (si-NC) and experimental group (siPRMT7#1 and siPRMT7#2) were established. PRMT7 gene were overexpressed by plasmid transfection, and the negative control group (p-PCMV3) and experimental group (p-PRMT7) were established. The transfection efficiency of PRMT7 was verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) and Western blot, cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay, and cell migration was detected by Transwell assay. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of proliferation and migration related target proteins including Cyclin D1, CDK4 and MMP9, as well as the key proteins Notch1, HEY1 and Hes1 in Notch signaling pathway. Notch signaling specific inhibitors γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT was added to siPRMT7#2 transfected cells to further verify PRMT7 expression in bladder cancer. Results: Western blot results showed that PRMT7 expression was low in bladder cancer cells (P

Objective To investigate the expression levels and significance of serum interleukin-17 （IL-17） and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） in Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia （MPP） children in acute stage with lung consolidation. Methods Sixty-four children diagnosed with MPP in acute stage were selected. According to the imaging features of chest CT scan or chest X-ray upon admission， all patients were divided into the lung consolidation group （n = 32） and non-lung consolidation group （n = 32）. The serum levels of IL-17 and NF-κB in MPP children were detected and compared between two groups. The relationship between IL-17 and NF-κB was analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was drawn. The diagnostic efficacy of serum IL-17 and NF-κB levels for lung consolidation was assessed in MPP children in acute stage. Results The serum levels of IL-17 and NF-κB in the lung consolidation group were higher than those in the non-lung consolidation group （both P < 0.05）. Spearman correlation analysis showed that IL-17 level was positively correlated with NF-κB level in MPP children （rs = 0.818， P < 0.05）. When the serum level of IL-17 was 10.45 pg/mL， the area under the ROC curve （AUC） was 0.806， and the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of lung consolidation in MPP children were 75.0% and 78.1%. When the serum level of NF-κB was 534.13 pg/mL， the AUC was 0.951， and the sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of lung consolidation in children with MPP were 90.6% and 84.4%. Conclusions The expression levels of IL-17 and NF-κB are up-regulated in MPP children with lung consolidation in acute stage. Early detection of serum levels of IL-17 and NF-κB has certain diagnostic efficacy for lung consolidation in MPP.

Due to its rich and intuitive expressivity,knowledge graph has received much attention of many scholars. A lot of works have been accumulated in knowledge graph embedding. The results of the works have played an important role in some fields, such as e-commerce, finance,medicine, transportation and intelligent Q & A. In the knowledge graph embedding model, the loss function plays a key role in its training stage. Based on the existing research of knowledge graph embeddings, this paper classifies the loss functions used in the model into six categories: hinge loss, logistic loss, cross entropy loss, log likelihood loss, negative sampling loss and mean square error loss. The prototype formula and physical meaning of loss functions and their expansion, evolution and application in knowledge graph embedding models are analyzed in detail one by one.Based on the above,the usage, efficiency and convergence of various loss functions in the static and dynamic knowledge graph scenarios are comprehensively analyzed and evaluated. According to the analysis results, combined with the development and application trend of knowledge graph and the current situation of loss functions,the future works of loss functions are discussed.

Aspergillus oryzae is an important strain used widely in the brewing industry, and its fermentation characteristics are directly related to the quality and production efficiency of the final products. Therefore, it is particularly important to breed an excellent strain of Aspergillus oryzae. In this article, the latest progress in the screening and improvement of Aspergillus oryzae is reviewed from the following aspects: natural screening, physical mutagenesis, chemical mutagenesis, protoplast fusion, combined mutagenesis, genetic engineering breeding and other technologies. We hope that this review can help researchers in this field find new ideas and also can provide a basis for the production and application of Aspergillus oryzae strains.

Zirconium alloys have long been used as cladding materials for pressurized water reactors (PWR) due to excellent corrosion resistance and low thermal neutron capture cross-section. With the increasing of burnup, the chemical interaction layer has formed in the gap due to fuel-cladding chemical interaction (FCCI), which has an important influence on the thermal conductivity of fuel-cladding mechanical interaction (PCMI). In addition, if the fuel rods are leaked and the coolant enters the inner side of the cladding, the FCCI will be significantly intensified. The FCCI layer is affected by factors such as burnup, fuel rod leak, neutron irradiation, fission products, stress, temperature, etc., the composition and distribution of FCCI layer phase structure are relatively complex. In recent years, with the development of Raman spectroscopy technology, Raman spectrometer has been applied to the study of radioactive materials (such as fuel pellets, oxide film). In this paper, in order to study phase structure composition and influencing factors of FCCI layer of intact and leaked fuel rods in PWR, the FCCI layers of intact and leak fuel rods with 45 GW·d/tU and 41 GW·d/tU burnup were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. The results show that the FCCI layer with uniform circumferential thickness of 14.19 μm is formed in the intact fuel rod, which is mainly composed of two different phase structure regions: the mixed phase region of monocline and teteal zirconia near the cladding interface. In the range of about 7 μm near the cladding interface, an obvious 705 cm-1 spectral peak is observed, which reflects the influence of interface compressive stress and irradiation defects. The leak fuel rods forms a chemical interaction layer with circumferential thickness varying from 37 μm to 61 μm, which is mainly composed of two different morphologies and phase structures: the monoinclined zirconia region with porosity and crack which is near the cladding interface; the amorphous phase region which is near the fuel pellet. The distribution of phase structure of chemical interaction layer and its transition factors were discussed. The stability of teteal zirconia in the chemical interaction layer of intact fuel rods is related to interfacial compressive stress, neutron irradiation defects and fission product interaction. The existence of monoclinic zirconia in the chemical interaction layer of leak fuel rods is mainly due to stress relaxation and oxygen stoichiometry.

Objective To find an intelligent method to quantify perioperative trauma stress, digitize and visualize perioperative patients stress status and recovery process, and analyze the mechanism of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) strategy to promote rapid recovery of patients from the perspective of autonomic nervous system (ANS). Methods The clinical data of 125 patients received laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer in Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine from February 2020 to May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the treatment methods, they were divided into ERAS group and control group. A total of 66 patients were included in this study after propensity score matching (PSM) was used to equalize covariates between groups, with 33 patients in each group. The hospital stay, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), HRV parameters (SDNN, pNN50, LF/HF) and the variation of heart rate curve were compared between two groups. Results There was no significant difference in hs-CRP and HRV parameters between the two groups on admission day (P>0.05). The hospital stay and postoperative hs-CRP in ERAS group were lower than those in control group (P0.05). The difference between 4th day after operation and admission was significant at parameters of HRV in control group (P

Background The prevalence of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has increased rapidly. And there is no conclusion on body fat composition, characteristics of metabolic indicators, and their predictive values for MAFLD in non-obese populations. Objective To identify the risk factors for MAFLD by comparing body fat composition and key metabolic indicators (blood lipids, blood sugar, uric acid) between obese and non-obese MAFLD patients, and to assess their associations with MAFLD as well as their predictive values for MAFLD in non-obese patients. Methods Physical examinees with and without liver B-ultrasound-detected fatty liver were recruited from Health Management Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 after excluding those with non-MAFLD, and divided into obese group (including 129 cases with MAFLD, and 129 without fatty liver) and non-obese group (including 129 without fatty liver cases, and 129 with MAFLD) by BMI. The body fat composition and metabolic indices in non-obese MAFLD cases were compared with those of the other three subgroups. The correlation of each index with MAFLD in non-obese cases was analyzed. The independent risk factors of MAFLD in non-obese cases were identified by using Logistic regression. The predictive value of each index for MAFLD in non-obese was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results (1) Comparison of body fat composition and metabolic indicators: compared with non-obese without fatty liver cases, non-obese cases with MAFLD had greater average BMI, body fat (BF), body fat ratio (BFR), visceral fat area (VFA), waist circumference (WC), waist-hip-ratio (WHR), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), uric acid (UA), alanine transaminase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), and lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P

Bayesian inference is one of the main problems in statistics.It aims to update the prior knowledge of the probability distribution model based on the observation data.For the posterior probability that cannot be observed or is difficult to directly calculate,which is often encountered in real situations,Bayesian inference can obtain a good approximation.It is a kind of important method based on Bayesian theorem.Many machine learning problems involve the process of simulating and approximating the target distribution of various types of feature data,such as classification models,topic modeling,and data mining.Therefore,Bayesian inference has shown important and unique research value in the field of machine learning.With the beginning of the big data era,the experimental data collected by researchers through actual information is very large,resulting in the complex distribution of targets to be simulated and calculated.How to perform accurate and time-efficient approximation inferences on target distributions under complex data has become a major and difficult point in Bayesian inference problems today.Aiming at the infe-rence problem under this complex distribution model,this paper systematically introduces and summarizes the two main methods for solving Bayesian inference problems in recent years,which are variational inference and sampling methods.Firsly,this paper gives the problem definition and theoretical knowledge of variational inference,introduces in detail the variational inference algorithm based on coordinate ascent,and gives the existing applications and future prospects of this method.Next,it reviews the research results of existing sampling methods at home and abroad,gives the specific algorithm procedure of various main sampling methods,as well as summarizes and compares the characteristics,advantages and disadvantages of these methods.Finally,this paper introduces parallel tempering technique,outlines its basic theories and methods,discusses the combination and application of parallel tempering and sampling methods,and explores new research directions for the future development of Bayesian inference problems.

Pancreatic cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death in China. It is characterized by high malignancy and concealment at early stages. More than 80% of patients have progressed to advanced stages at the time of diagnosis, and missed the opportunity of surgical resection. Pancreatic cancer patients who have successfully received surgical resection are at a high risk of metastasis, and the 5-year survival rate is only 15%-20%. Unlike other types of cancer, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy do not work well for pancreatic cancer, and the research in molecular subtyping and precision medical therapy technology is also slow. It is an urgent need to devote more clinical medical resources and transfer high-quality scientific research achievements to improve the prognosis of patients. The year 2022 is a year of profound accumulation in the field of translational pancreatic cancer research, witnessing the generation of the first small-molecule drug targeting KRASG12D and the clinical application of personalized T-cell receptor engineered T (TCR-T) cell therapy, as well as other advances in basic fields such as pathogenesis, molecular mechanism, metabolic immune microenvironment, and clinical fields such as early diagnosis, surgical treatment, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Here we reviewed the latest progress in research, diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer in 2022.

Mechanical ventilation is an important way to maintain the temperature and moisture of grain piles in the warehouse within the safe storage range, which is closely related to grain storage safety and the benefits of storage enterprises. In order to solve the disadvantages of the slow advancing speed of the inlet air in the vertical direction of the traditional Gui-shaped ventilation network, this paper proposed a new ventilation network with Gui-shaped and vertical riser to shorten the travel path and time of air or fumigation gas in the grain pile. The new ventilation network effects through numerical simulation were simulated and predicted to verify its feasibility. The results showed that the cooling rate and uniformity of this ventilation network were good, and the flow resistance of the inlet air in the vertical direction was significantly reduced. The cold front at the position of the riser could pass through the grain surface with a height of 5.5 m on the second day of ventilation, and the ventilation energy consumption could be reduced by about 16% compared with the traditional Gui-shaped ventilation network under the same conditions. The results could provide theory basis for the selection of optimal ventilation network of room type warehouse.

Based on the mathematical model of internal air flow, heat and humidity coupled transfer in paddy grain piles, while combined with the dynamic model of paddy yellowing, the paper adopted the method of numerical simulation to compare and study the variation of temperature, moisture content and paddy yellowing in the stored grain inside the shallow round warehouse under the conditions of annual natural storage and staged natural storage. On the basis of temperature and humidity, this paper further considered the yellowing effect on the quality of long-term storage of paddy. The results showed that, at the end of storage for 365 days, the average temperature of staged natural storage with ventilation was about 18 ℃ lower than that of natural storage throughout the year, the average moisture was about 0.5% lower, and the average yellowing value was about 0.8 lower. Low temperature air flowling into the high temperature granary could not only reduce the temperature, but also reduce the grain moisture and alleviate the process of paddy yellowing, so the phased natural storage was more conducive to the long-term quality storage of paddy. The rice near the warehouse wall was easily affected by the external ambient temperature, and the coating could be applied on the outside of the warehouse wall to reduce the influence of solar radiation.

Background To strengthen the construction of health talents team in rural areas, a national compulsory services program (CSP) was started in 2010 in China. In 2015, the state required graduates of the CSP to participate in a 3-year standardized training for residents (residency) upon graduation. Objective To understand the participation of CSP graduates in residency, analyze the effect of residency on the pass rate of the practicing physician's examination for CSP graduates, and explore the significance of residency on the training of CSP graduates and the rural primary health workforce, so as to provide policy recommendations for the high-quality training of CSP graduates. Methods Starting in 2015, a cohort of CSP graduates was established from a total of 4 colleges undertaking CSP training programs in 3 provinces in the Midwest of China, and 1∶1 general clinical graduates who graduated the same year were selected as controls and followed up annually. Descriptive analysis was used to show the status of CSP graduates' participation in residency, the pass rate of the examination for practicing physicians, and to compare them with those of general clinical graduates. Stratified Cox regression was used to analyze the effect of attending residency on the pass rate of practicing physician exams. Results 86.69% (228/263), 86.78% (361/416), 87.79% (381/434), 91.08% (388/426), 94.43% (356/377) of the 2015—2019 CSP graduates stated that they were willing to participate in training after graduation, and 72.20% (200/277), 58.75% (151/257), 70.42% (169/240), 73.23% (145/198), 61.03% (83/136) of the same general clinical graduates stated that they were willing to participate in training after graduation. The actual participation proportions of CSP graduates in 2015—2019 in residency were 99.02% (202/204), 97.10% (301/310), 94.99% (322/339), 89.91% (285/317), 69.45% (241/347), 67.57% (100/148), 66.12% (80/121), 74.79% (89/119), 43.33% (39/90), 34.62% (27/78), respectively. The pass rate of practicing physician examination in 2015—2017 CSP graduates reached 99.23% (259/261), 94.86% (351/370), 91.74% (311/339), while the pass rate of same general clinical students was 97.74% (173/177), 95.87% (116/121), 88.24% (105/119), respectively. Cox regression results showed that after adjusting for demographic variables, family economic status, intention of studying medicine, medical education, and factors related to attending the residency, the probability of attending the residency group passing the practitioner's examination was 1.232 times higher than that of not attending the residency group 〔95%CI (1.02, 1.49), P=0.03〕. Conclusion CSP graduates' willingness to participate in residency training, the proportion of participation, and the pass rate of the qualifying examination for practicing physicians were all high. Participating in residency training can improve the ability of medical graduates and has a promoting effect on passing the qualifying examination of practicing physicians.

Objective To examine serum C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), tumor necrosis factor-β(TNF-β), E-cadherin (E-cad), human interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) in patients with vitiligo. Methods From May 2017 to December 2018, 60 patients with vitiligo (30 cases in active phase group and 30 cases in stable stage group) and 30 cases as control group collected from physical examination center joined the research program. The content of serum CRP, TNF-α, TNF-β, E-cad, IFN-γ and CD8 were compared among the three groups by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The content of serum CRP, TNF-α, TNF-β and IFN-γ in patients with active and stable vitiligo were significantly higher(P＜0.05). The content of serum IFN-γ in patients with active vitiligo was significantly higher than that in patients with stable vitiligo(P＜0.05)and significantly decreased after 6 months of treatment(P＜0.05). Conclusions The content of serum IFN-γ might be used as a biomarker in laboratory to evaluate the activity of vitiligo.

On the basis of CFD numerical simulation technology, the numerical simulation results of radial ventilation and cooling under different central air collection pipe forms of shallow circular silo were analyzed, and they were compared to judge the advantages and disadvantages. The grain type studied in this paper was soybean. The temperature distribution and air distribution in the grain pile under the ventilation of the top or opening or non-circulation of four variable diameter central air collection pipes were numerically simulated. The numerical simulation results of the eight cases were compared to analyze their ventilation uniformity and ventilation cooling rate. It is found that the air collecting duct has obvious advantages when its height was flush with the grain surface, thick at the top and fine at the bottom, which is mainly reflected in its ventilation uniformity. The research results provide theoretical guidance and basis for the selection of ventilation and cooling methods for soybean storage in shallow circular warehouse.

The treatment of brain tumors, especially the malignant brain tumors, has entered in the bottleneck period at present. It is difficult for traditional molecular biology, cell and animal experiments to make a major breakthrough in the treatment of brain tumors, so researchers have turned their attention to the anatomy and pathology of human whole brain tissue. However, the human whole brain tissue which is available for research is extremely deficient. It is of great significance to encourage brain tumors patients to donate organs and establish a standard human brain tissue resource bank of brain tumors (shortened to brain bank) for the research of brain science and providing new treatment ideas for brain tumors, while the construction of brain bank in China started late, with a relatively small scale and relatively slow development. This paper intends to provide guidance for the construction and improvement of brain bank and specific brain tumors related brain bank in China by drawing on the relevant experience of the construction of brain bank in other countries.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the optimum addition of buckwheat flour in buckwheat Chinese leavened pancakes. Methods: Farinograph, extensograph and viscometer were used to investigated the effects of different buckwheat flour additions on the rheological properties of the mixed flour dough. The hardness, gumminess and chewiness of the Chinese leavened pancake were measured by texture analyzer. The sensory quality of the Chinese leavened pancake was evaluated by the sensory evaluation score. Results: Adding 0~40% buckwheat flour to the flour, the rheological properties of the mixed flour dough became significantly worse with the increase of buckwheat flour content. The water absorption rate, development time and farinograph quality number of the mixed flour dough decreased gradually. When the addition of buckwheat flour was 40%, the farinograph quality number decreased by 69.1%, and the development time decreased by 70.7%. The extensibility and extensigram curve area of mixed flour dough decreased gradually with the increase of buckwheat flour content, and the extension resistance increased first and then decreased. When the addition of buckwheat flour was 20%, the hardness, stickiness and chewiness of the Chinese leavened pancakes were the lowest, and the sensory score was the highest, which increased by 19.4% compared with the blank control. Conclusion: The addition of buckwheat flour reduces the quality of the mixed flour, but an appropriate amount of buckwheat flour can impart a special flavor and nutritional value to the Chinese leavened pancakes. The rheological properties of the mixed flour and the quality of the Chinese leavened pancakes added within 20% are better.

Objective To explore regulation mechanism of carboxyamidotriazole-orotate (CTO) on oncogenic phenotype of mouse glioma-associated macrophages. Methods Bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMDMs) or RAW264.7 macrophages (tumor associated macrophages,TAMs) were prepared by super-culture of mouse glioma GL261 cells. The mRNA of TAMs oncogenic mediators was detected by qPCR. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of TAMs was measured by Seahorse bioenergy method. The protein level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α(HIF-1α), hypoxia-inducible factor-2 α (HIF-2α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) co-activator factor-1 β (PGC-1β) in TAMs was detected by Western blot. Results CTO decreased M1-related mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α(P＜0.001) and M2-related mediators such as IL-10, ARG-1 and TGF-β1(P＜0.001) in TAMs. CTO significantly down-regulated OCR in TAMs (P＜0.01); The protein level of HIF-1α and of HIF-2α in TAMs was down-regulated by CTO(P＜0.01),which was contrary to the effect of carboxycyanide-4-trifluormethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP),which in turn promoted mitochondrial oxygen consumption. CTO significantly reduced PGC-1β protein in TAMs (P＜0.001),an effect consistent with rotenone(RTN), a mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitor. Conclusions A decreased oxidative phosphorylation down-regulates the expression of PGC-1β and destabilizes HIF-1α and HIF-2α, thus affects the production of several M1 and M2 phenotypes of carcinogenic mediators in TAMs, which may be a potential mechanism through which CTO improves the chemotherapy efficacy of glioblastoma.

Objective To investigate the effects of carboxyamidotriazole-orotate (CTO) on proliferation, apoptosis and metabolism of human pancreatic cancer gemcitabine-resistant cell line (ASPC-1-GEM, AG cells). Methods Cell viability was detected by sulforhodamine B(SRB); apoptosis was detected by annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry; cell division rate was examined by CFSE microscopy and flow cytometry; The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was detected by Seahorse bio-energy assay; intracellular NAD+ and NADH contents were detected with MTT and NAD+/NADH ratio was calculated. Autophagy-related protein expression was detected by Western blot. Results Comparing with the control group, the living AG cells were significantly reduced and the proportion of apoptotic cells was increased in CTO-treated group. The drug effect was time-dose dependent. The fluorescence intensity of CFSE staining of AG cells was significantly increased in the 20 μmol/L CTO group (P＜0.05); Compared with the control group, intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidehydrogen(NADH) content was increased after incubation with different concentrations of CTO treatment(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) and no significant change in the content of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) NDA+/NADH ratio was decreased(P＜0.01). The OCR in AG cells was significantly reduced and the expression of autophagy-related proteins was significantly inhibited in the CTO-treated group (P＜0.05). Conclusions CTO inhibits the proliferation of gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, impairing mitochondrial respiration, and down-regulating the expression of autophagy-related proteins in AG cells.

Attribute reduction is one of the most important research topics in the theory of three-way decision.However, the existing attribute reduction methods based on three-way decision are too strict, which limit the efficiency of attribute reduction.In this paper, a three-way approximate attribute reduction method based on the positive region is proposed.More specifically, attri-bute reduction is considered as the process of determining attributes as positive, boundary, or negative ones according to their correlation to the decision attribute.The negative attributes are first removed by retaining the measure of the positive region.Then, some of the boundary attributes are iteratively excluded by relaxing the positive region measure.Finally, an approximate reduction is formed by the remaining attributes.Extensive experiments on UCI data sets demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve much smaller reducts with the same or even better performance in comparison with other representative methods, showing the effectiveness in attribute reduction.

BackgroundDyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Triglyceride /high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio has been proved to be more effective in predicting cardiovascular events than a blood lipid index or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) /HDL-C ratio. There are few clinical studies about TG/HDL-C ratio assessing arterial stiffness in hypertensive populations. Moreover, studies on the characteristics of ambulatory blood pressure parameters by TG/HDL-C ratio are also rare.ObjectiveTo explore the association of fasting TG/HDL-C ratio with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) in essential hypertensive patients based on analyzing these patients' clinical features, ambulatory blood pressure and ba-PWV.MethodsA total of 439 essential hypertension patients (aged 18-80 years) were recruited from Hypertension Department, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University from August 2014 to December 2015. Data were collected, including sex, age and medical history (diabetes history, hyperlipidemia history, smoking status, drinking status) , height, weight, BMI, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, serum uric acid, fasting blood glucose, calculated TG/HDL-C ratio, 24 h ambulatory blood pressure parameters〔mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) , diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate in 24 h, in the daytime and at the nighttime, prevalence of nocturnal fall in SBP and DBP, and dipper blood pressure pattern〕 during hospitalization, and mean heart rate. Arterial stiffness was assessed by ba-PWV. The above-mentioned indicators were compared between lower (n=219) and higher quantile groups (n=220) divided by TG/HDL-C ratio. The influencing factors of ba-PWV were investigated by multiple linear regression analysis.Results(1) Higher quantile group had higher male proportion, higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia and smokers, higher mean BMI, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, TG, serum uric acid, and fasting blood glucose, as well as lower men age, and HDL-C than lower quantile group (P

Background and purpose: Destroying the balance of copper ions in the body may promote the occurrence and development of cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effects of copper ion on cell proliferation and elucidate the clinical significance of copper chaperone genes in lung cancer. Methods: The effects of copper ion on cell proliferation were determined by trypan blue exclusion experiment. Western blot assays were performed to test the effects of copper on the expressions of extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and phosphorylated ERK (p-ERK). Tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1- butanone (NNK) was used to induce lung cancer in mice, and the copper content in lung cancer tissues and normal lung tissues was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Databases including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Oncomine and the Kaplan-Meier Plotter website containing the microarray data of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were used to analyze the correlation between the mRNA expression levels of copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase (CCS), cytochrome C oxidase copper chaperone (COX17) and antioxidant 1 copper chaperone (ATOX1) and the prognosis of lung cancer patients. Results: In vitro experimental results showed that copper ions at a concentration of 5 μmol/L was able to significantly promote the proliferation of lung cancer cells and normal lung epithelia cells, and induced the activation of intracellular ERK signaling pathways. In the NNK-induced lung cancer mouse model, the concentration of copper ion was significantly higher in cancer tissues than in normal lung tissues. In TCGA and Oncomine databases, the expression levels of CCS, COX17 and ATOX1 were significantly higher in cancer tissues than in counterpart normal controls. The expression levels were inversely associated with prognosis of the patients. Conclusion: Under specific concentration range, copper ions can promote cell proliferation. The copper chaperone genes could potentially be used as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of lung cancer patients.

Background The petroclival area is located deep at the base of the skull, and the surrounding anatomical structure is complex, which brings great challenges to the safe removal of the lesions in this part of the operation. At present, the main surgical approaches for petroclival lesions are lateral craniotomy and endoscopic endonasal approach. This study explored the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic techniques in the resection of petroclival lesions via endonasal approach. Methods A total of 6 patients with petroclival lesions treated in The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from January 2018 to December 2020 were included. All patients underwent neuronavigation assisted endoscopic endosnasal approach resection of petroclival lesions. Results All the 6 patients successfully completed the operation. The average operation time was 4.53 h. After the operation, 3 cases were pathologically confirmed as chondrosarcoma (2 cases of WHO grade 2, one case of WHO grade 1), one case of schwannoma, one case of chordoma and one case of cholesterol granuloma. Except for one case of preoperative double vision that did not relieve postoperatively, the remaining 5 cases had preoperative symptoms alleviated to varying degrees. The average postoperative hospital stay was 5.67 d. The postoperative median follow⁃up was 14.07 months. There were no complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage, central nervous system infection, cranial nerve damage, no unplanned secondary operations, and no deaths within 3 months after the operation. Up to the last follow ⁃ up, no patients had recurrence. Conclusions Neuronavigation assisted endoscopic endonasal approach resection of petroclival lesions is relatively safe and effective. Different endoscopic techniques should be selected according to the tumor location and size.

The etiology pattern of pituitary diseases is diverse and complex, including pituitary adenoma, Rathke cleft cyst (RCC), pituitary apoplexy, craniopharyngioma, etc. The pituitary is located in the sellar region of the skull base, so transsphenoidal approach is the first choice for pituitary surgery. With the development of endoscopic technology in neurosurgery, more and more neurosurgeons use endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery to treat pituitary diseases. In this paper, we review the recent literature and to present the value of endoscopy for pituitary diseases.

Objective To investigate the effects of carboxyamidotriazole-orotate (CTO) on the proliferation and apoptosis of mouse glioma cell line GL261. Methods The proliferation of GL261 cells was detected by live cell counting. Cell cycle of GL261 cells was detected by PI staining and flow cytometry. Apoptosis of GL261 cells was detected by annexinⅤ/PI double staining and flow cytometry; DCFH-DA staining and flow cytometry were used to detect the content of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) of GL261 cells. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of GL261 cells was measured in Seahorse bioenergy assay. The ATP content in GL261 cells was detected by ATP detection kit. Results Compared to the control group, the proliferation of GL261 cells in CTO treatment group was significantly inhibited in a time- and dose-dependent way, the proportion of GL261 cells in S phase was significantly increased (P＜0.05) in 20 μmol/L CTO group. Compared with the control group, more apoptosis occurred in GL261 cells of CTO group, and ROS content in GL261 cells of 20 μmol/L CTO group was also significantly increased (P＜0.01). Compared with the control group, the contents of OCR and ATP in GL261 cells was signifi- cantly reduced in the CTO group(P＜0.01). Conclusions CTO inhibits proliferation of GL261 cells and promotes their apoptosis by increased production of ROS. In addition, CTO inhibits the mitochondrial respiration of GL261 cells and the production of ATP in mitochondria, thus inhibits growth of glioma cells.

To meet the development needs of advanced aeroengines,the structure of aeroengine turbine blades is becoming increasingly complex, and the content of refractory elements is increasing in single crystal superalloys, which are the preferred materials for turbine blades. As a result, the tendency to form the grain defects increases during the preparation of single crystal turbine blades, which directly affects the quality of single crystal turbine blades. In this paper, a kind of grain defect that appears in the directional solidification process of single crystal superalloys—freckle was discussed. The research works on the formation mechanism, the criterion model and the control method of freckles formation during the directional solidification of single crystal superalloys in recent years was reviewed. The influence of the alloy composition, blade structure, directional solidification process and crystal orientation of single crystal castings on the formation of freckles was analyzed. Considering the influence of the alloying elements in different alloy systems and the parameters of the directional solidification process on the freckle formation, further studying the freckle formation mechanism of the single crystal turbine blade with complex structures, establishing an effective method for prediction and control of freckles are the future research directions.

Objective: In order to realize the rapid detection of the brewing age of mature vinegar. Methods: Electronic tongue （ET） and electronic nose （EN） combined with Densely Connected Convolutional Networks-Extreme Learning Machine （DenseNet-ELM） model were used to quickly detect the brewing age of mature vinegar. Two DenseNet models with different structures, ET-DenseNet and EN-DenseNet, were designed to extract the feature information of the electronic tongue and electronic nose signals respectively. And then the feature level information fusion method was used to obtain the fusion feature vectors of the two artificial sensory devices. Then Extreme Learning Machine （ELM） was used to classify and recognize the fused feature vectors. Results: DenseNet can effectively extract the deep features of electronic tongue and electronic nose signals, and its feature extraction ability was better than Discrete Wavelet Transform （DWT） and Convolutional Neural Network （CNN）; Compared with the use of electronic tongue or electronic nose alone, the information fusion method had better accuracy and robustness for the detection of mature vinegar of different years. The Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1-score of the test set reach 99.1%, 0.98, 0.99 and 0.99, respectively. Conclusion: The dense convolution network can alleviate the problems of model degradation and weak generalization ability caused by the increase of depth of the deep learning model, and can effectively classify seven kinds of aged vinegar with different brewing years.

Objective To investigate the direct effects of carboxyamidotriazole(CAI)on the survival and apoptosis of colon cancer cells(MC38 and C26)and its indirect effects through enhancing the anticancer effects of spleen lymphocytes in mice. Methods MC38 and C26 cells were cultured in vitro,spleen lymphocytes of mice were isolated,MC38 and C26 cells were co-cultured with spleen lymphocytes of mice,and the cells were treated with different concentrations of CAI. CCK-8 method was used to detect cell survival,flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis and the proportion of CD4+CD3+ T cells and CD8+CD3+ T cells in spleen lymphocytes of mice. Results The number of living cells of MC38 and C26 cells decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01 and P＜0.001)and the apoptosis rate was increased(P＜0.01 and P＜0.001)after being treated with different concentrations of CAI. The number of living cells of MC38 and C26 cells was decreased(P＜0.001)upon being co-cultured with spleen lymphocytes of mice for 48 h, and the apoptosis rate was increased(P＜0.001). The number of living cells of MC38 and C26 cells in co- culture groups treated with different concentrations of CAI for 48 h further decreased(P＜0.001)and the apoptosis rate increased(P＜0.05 and P＜0.001)as compared with those co-cultured with spleen lymphocytes of mice without CAI. The proportion of CD4+CD3+ T cells and CD8+CD3+ T cells in spleen lymphocytes of mice was significantly increased(P＜0.05 and P＜0.01)after 48 h treatment with different concentrations of CAI. Conclusions CAI can inhibit the survival and promote apoptosis of MC38 and C26 cells,and enhance the effects of spleen lymphocytes in mice on inhibiting the survival and promoting apoptosis of MC38 and C26 cells through a potential mechanism of increasing the proportion of CD4+CD3+ T cells and CD8+CD3+ T cells in spleen lymphocytes of mice.

In order to ensure the quality of rice in long-term storage, it is of great significance to simulate and analyze the horizontal cooling and water-retaining ventilation under the conditions of same humidity and different ventilation temperatures.Based on the heat and mass transfer theory of hygroscopic porous media,this study applied the existing mathematical model of heat and moisture transfer of grain reactor, and analyzed the change rule of different air inlet temperature on the temperature and moisture of grain storage barn under the same humidity with the numerical simulation method.The results showed that when the initial temperature of the grain reactor was 25 ℃ and the air inlet temperature was 17 ℃, the cooling rate of the grain reactor was the fastest and the moisture absorption and desorption of grain reached the balance first,and the water retention effect inside the grain reactor was the best.When coupling heat and moisture transfer was carried out between the grain layer 0.4 m away from the air inlet and the air inlet at different temperatures, the grain layer temperature and moisture decreased in the same trend.The higher the air inlet temperature was, the more obvious the moisture loss was.The lower the inlet air temperature was, the greater the drop in grain stack temperature was.As the distance between the grain layer and the air inlet increased,the cooling effect of the grain layer became worse.When the ventilation temperature was 19 ℃, the temperature of the grain layer 26.2 m away from the air outlet almost kept the initial temperature of the granary unchanged, so the cooling effect cannot be achieved.

Objective To investigate the effect of postoperative transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for huge intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Methods Data of 125 huge ICC (diameter ≥10 cm) patients with surgical treatment treated with or without TACE (TACE group 35 cases, and non-TACE group 90 cases) between January 2009 and December 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Both recurrence rate and overall survival (OS) rate were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the difference using Log-Rank test. Cox regression analysis was used to explore the independent risk factors of postoperative recurrence and OS. Propensity score matching was used to reduce the difference between groups. Subgroup analysis was done for benefited patients from TACE based on the 8th TNM staging of ICC. Results TACE group had similar recurrence and OS with non-TACE group. 5-year recurrence rate and OS rate were 85.7% vs. 84.4%, P=0.487; 22.9% vs. 20.0%, P=0.426, respectively. After 1∶1 propensity score matching with 33 cases each group, there was no significant difference between two groups (P=0.114 for recurrence, P=0.197 for OS). According to TNM sta-ging, there were 61 cases in stage Ⅰ and 64 cases in stage Ⅱ. Staging analysis showed that TACE group and non-TACE groups yielded similar recurrence and OS in patients with stage Ⅰ. However, for patients in stage Ⅱ, TACE group had lower recurrence rate (91.7% vs. 97.5%, P=0.022) and higher OS rate (12.5% vs. 2.5%, P=0.002). After adjustment for multiple tumors, vascular invasion, and CEA ≥5 μg/L, TACE was independent risk factor of recurrence (hazard ratio: 0.564, 95%CI: 0.327-0.974) and OS (hazard ratio: 0.449, 95%CI: 0.259-0.777) in patients with stage Ⅱ. Conclusions For patients with huge ICC, postoperative TACE may improve the prognosis of patients with TNM stage Ⅱ.

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of different proportions of Zhangzagu straw instead of peanut vine on the growth performance, nutrients apparent digestibility, meat quality, and serum biochemical indexes of finishing sheep. Twenty-four healthy 'Du x Hu' hybrid finishing rams with the body weight of (32.73± 2.46) kg aged about three months were randomly divided into three groups, with eight replicates in each group and one sheep in each replicate. The control group only added peanut vine. In the experimental Group I, 50% Zhangzagu straw was used to replace peanut vine. In the experimental Group II, 80% Zhangzagu straw was used to replace peanut vine. The pre-feeding period was 10 days, and the formal trial period was 70 days. The results showed that compared with the control group, the average daily feed intake of Group I decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the L* value of flesh color in Group I significantly increased (P<0.05) and the shear force significantly decreased (P<0.05), the pH45 min value in Group II significantly increased (P<0.05) and the shear force value significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the L* value of flesh color in Group II was significantly lower than that of Group I (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of total protein (TP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and cholesterol (CHOL) were significantly increased in Group I (P<0.05), and the TP content in Group II increased significantly (P<0.05). The study indicates that replacing peanut vine with Zhangzagu straw has certain effects on the growth performance, nutrients apparent digestibility, meat quality, and serum biochemical indexes of finishing sheep, and 50% Zhangzagu straw instead of peanut vine has the best weight gain effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To dynamically observe the changes in hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B19kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and evaluate their clinical value in predicting the severity and prognosis of pediatric TBI. Methods A prospective study included 47 children with moderate to severe TBI from January 2021 to July 2023, categorized into moderate (scores 9-12) and severe (scores 3-8) subgroups based on the Glasgow Coma Scale. A control group consisted of 30 children diagnosed and treated for inguinal hernia during the same period, with no underlying diseases. The levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, autophagy- related protein Beclin-1, and S100B were compared among groups. The predictive value of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin-1, and S100B for the severity and prognosis of TBI was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results Serum levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin-1, and S100B in the TBI group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Among the TBI patients, the severe subgroup had higher levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin-1, and S100B than the moderate subgroup (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the serum levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin-1, and S100B wcrc negatively correlated with the Glasgow Coma Scalc scorcs (P<0.05). After 7 days of treatment, scrum levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin-1, and S100B in both non-surgical and surgical TBI patients decreased compared to before treatment (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis indicated that the areas under the curve for predicting severe TBI based on scrum levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, Beclin-1, and S100B wcrc 0.782, 0.835, 0.872, and 0.880, respectively (P<0.05), and for predicting poor prognosis of TBI wcrc 0.749, 0.775, 0.814, and 0.751, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusions Scrum levels of HIF-1α, BNIP3, and Beclin-1 arc significantly elevated in children with TBI, and their measurement can aid in the clinical assessment of the severity and prognosis of pediatric TBI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes of high tibial closed osteotomy and open osteotomy, as well as the changes in posterior tibia slope and patellar height. Methods A total of 120 patients (155 knees) with high tibial osteotomy performed from January 2017 to June 2018 were collected. Twenty cases (25 knees) used lateral tibial closed wedge osteotomy (LCWHTO), and 100 cases (130 knees) used medial tibial open wedge osteotomy (MOWHTO). The follow-up time was 20.7 months and 18.9 months respectively. Lysholm score and joint mobility (ROM) were evaluated at the last follow-up. The changes of mechanical axis deviation (MAD), proximal medial tibial angle (MPTA), posterior tibia slope(PTS) and M-K index were compared between the two groups of patients. Results In the LCWHTO group, the M-K index was 0.79±0.07 after operation and 0.78±0.08 after operation. There was no change before and after operation 0.78±0.05 before MOWHTO operation was significantly higher than 0.75±0.05 after operation (P＜0.05). The postoperative PTS in the LCWHTO group was 8.1°±3.4°, which was significantly lower than the preoperative 10.8°±3.0° (P＜0.05); the postoperative PTS in the MOWHTO group was 10.9°±4.0°, and 10.2°±3.1° before operation. No change before and after operation. Conclusions Both LCWHTO and MOWHTO can obtain satisfactory clinical outcomes. LCWHTO reduces PTS and has no effect on the patellar height. MOWHTO has no effect on PTS, but it reduces the patellar height. The choice of osteotomy should be individualized according to the characteristics of the patients.

Objective To explore whether the laparoscopic simulation training can improve medical students endoscopy skills and alleviating their anxiety. Methods Students of 8-year program of clinical medicine were recruited without the laparoscopic training in Peking Union Medical College to conduct anxiety questionnaire survey, and perform laparoscopic simulation training. Students who completed 20 hours of training would be assessed and conduct anxiety questionnaire survey again. Results After training, the performance of laparoscopic operation improved (P＜0.05), and the degree of anxiety decreased(P＜0.05). Conclusions Carrying out laparoscopic simulation training has a good teaching effect.

Opening agent is used in the production of plastic films, which can effectively improve the opening properties of the film. In this paper, four kinds of silica (SiO2) opening agents were synthesized by precipitation method, and four kinds of LLDPE/SiO2 masterbatch were prepared by melt blending with linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) under the same processing conditions. The results show that the four kinds of opening agents can meet the requirements of anti-sticking and opening performance of LLDPE film, and the dynamic/static friction coefficients are all reduced to less than 0.11 (belonging to high smoothness). After compacting at 50 °C and 7 kPa for 24 h, there was no adhesion between the four LLDPE/SiO2 films, but pure LLDPE films had some adhesion. AFM test shows that there are micro pits near the submicron SiO2 opening agent particles, which play a key role in reducing negative pressure and van der Waals force, thus reducing the adhesion of LLDPE/SiO2 films. Based on the test data, a model of anti-sticking opening for LLDPE film is proposed, which is expected to be used to guide the production of opening agents with higher anti-sticking opening efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

o explore the impact of rainfall patterns on the waterlogging resilience of urban rainwater systems based on the MIKE FLOOD platform, this paper conducts a study by using the bridge partition in the starting area of converting the new and old kinetic energy in Jinan. The waterlogging process scenarios are derived for 7 return periods, 3 rainfall durations, and 3 rainfall peak coefficients of the design rainfall. The system's waterlogging resilience is quantified by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) based on the amount, area, and average depth of waterlogging. The results show that the peak water accumulation and peak water accumulation area both increase with the increase in the return period and rainfall duration, and the average water accumulation depth fluctuates greatly. The system performance mainly fluctuates twice. The first fluctuation is caused by changes in rainfall intensity and the shallow depths cause the second in most of the depressions in the study area. As the return period increases, the system s waterlogging resilience decreases, and the difference in rainfall corresponding to the extreme value of waterlogging resilience caused by the unit rainfall peak coefficient increases. Overall, the more centered the rainfall peak and the longer the rainfall duration, the lower the system s waterlogging resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the impedance matching and wave absorption, FeCo magnetic nanoparticles with different reaction time were synthesized, and after being modified and in-situ oxidation polymerization, FeCo/PPy nanocomposites were prepared. Results show that the FeCo/PPy composites with FeCo nanoparticles which reaction time is 2h possess a maximum reflection loss (RL) value of -38.19dB at 14.45GHz and 2mm thickness with an effective absorption bandwidth (RL ≤ -10dB) of 5.45GHz (12.24-17.69GHz). The introduction of magnetic nanoparticles with polypyrrole can effectively decrease the complex permittivity and improve the impedance matching, which will reduce the reflection of electromagnetic wave. Meanwhile, the multimechanism of magnetic loss, dielectric loss and interface polarization loss, can prompt the absorption to the electromagnetic wave greatly.

Advanced carbon fibers reinforced polymer-based composites have been widely used in the fields of aeronautics and aerospace, due to their excellent mechanical properties. However, their poor conductivity may cause severe lightning damage and electromagnetic interference issues of composite structures, which significantly restricts large-scale applications and overall performance of the composites. In this paper, a critical review was made on the recent research progress of electrically conductive composites which may be potentially used in aeronautics structures. The different methods of conductive modification for matrix resin, reinforcing fiber and laminated plate were introduced respectively. In particular, the representative studies using new carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene were discussed in details. The combination of matrix resin modification and laminated plate modification is expected to achieve a good match between mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of composites.