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The dynamic changes of surface microorganisms were monitored during the fermentation of tobacco by Enterobacter hormaechei F8-1, and mechanism of tobacco fermentation by F8-1 was studied combined with neutral aroma components of tobacco leaves and sensory analysis. The results showed that after fermentation the aroma quality and sweet taste were improved, the offensive odor and irritation were reduced. The contents of megastigmatrienone, solanone, (E)-β-damascenone and dihydrodamascenone were increased respectively by 37.40%, 59.87%, 53.02% and 46.61%. During the fermentation, the predominant species were E hormaechei F8-1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae; the highest number of glycoside hydrolases accounted for 78. 3% of the microbial carbohydrate-active enzymes on the surface of the tobacco filaments during fermentation; the abundance of Enterobacter spp. was positively correlated with the content of solanone, megastigmatrienone, (E)-β-damascenone and dihydrodamascenone, and the abundance of glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1) was positively correlated with the content of solanone, megastigmatrienon and farnesylacetone. Glycoside hydrolases in the GH1 might be key factors for sensory enhancement after tobacco fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To analyze the clinical, pathological and molecular genetic characteristics of CIC-rearranged sarcoma (CRS) in children to improve the understanding of small round cell sarcoma newly proposed in the 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours. Methods·Data of 54 patients with small round cell undifferentiated sarcoma diagnosed in Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2019 to April 2021 were collected. Five cases of pediatric CRS with complete clinical, imaging, pathological and follow-up data were selected to analyze their clinicopathological features. Results·There were 3 males and 2 females in the 5 CRS patients aged from 5 months to 10 years. There were 3 asymptomatic children, and chest and back pain and projectile vomiting were the first symptoms in 2 cases respectively. All CT images showed cystic, solid or mixed irregular soft tissue masses of varying sizes. Histopathological examination showed that the average maximum diameter of the tumor was 12.5 cm, and the cut surface was grayish white or grayish brown, with the appearance of rotten fish flesh. The histopathology was mainly distributed in small round diffuse sheets. Immunohistochemistry showed CD99 diffuse membrane positive or focal positive, WT1 diffuse nuclear positive, and BCL2, CD56, FLI1 and ERG expressed to varying degrees. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test showed that EWSR1 (22q12) was negative and CIC (19q13) gene was rearranged. Meanwhile, some children also had CIC fusion gene mutations, including 2 CICDUX4 fusion cases and 1 CIC-NUTM1 fusion case. All patients were treated with surgery and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Follow-up data were available in all the five cases (mean 21.4 months); one patient died of disease, whereas two patients were alive with unresectable recurrent tumour, and the remaining two patients were alive with no evidence of disease. Conclusion·Pediatric CRS is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor with asymptomatic or non-specific symptoms, easy metastasis and poor prognosis. Immunohistochemistry combined with EWSR1 and CIC rearrangement-related molecular examination is helpful for the diagnosis of Ewing's sarcomatoid soft tissue tumors, and further detection of CIC fusion gene may be helpful for prognosis estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tobacco 202 was used as experimental material in this study. CDS region of C4H2 gene was cloned from young leaves of tobacco. To investigate the variation trend of flavonoid content in leaves and the expression characteristics in different tissues, the gene was analyzed by the bioinformatics, the prokaryotic expression vector was constructed, and the recombinant plasmid was induced and purified in E. coli. The results showed that NtC4H2 gene was a member of cytochrome P450 superfamily. There was a transmembrane region, which was unstable hydrophilic protein, with high secondary structure of helix and irregular coil. The recombinant proteins NtC4H2 mainly existed as insoluble inclusion body protein in expressing bacteria. The expression levels of NtC4H2 gene expression in different tobacco tissues were lower leaves

This study investigated the resistance of rice stem to lodging, and physical and chemical properties of rice culm of different rice varieties under high-yielding cultivation condition in mechanical transplanting with small seedling. Four representative rice varieties were used including indica-japonica hybrid riceA, japonica hybrid rice B, conventional japonica rice C, and indica hybrid rice D as materials. The stem morphological and mechanical traits were analyzed. The results showed that: 1) Compared with B, C, and D, A had higher value of breaking resistance and bending moment, and the lodging index of A was lower than that of D, but higher than that of B and C; 2) In terms of stem structure characteristics, the loading force, springiness, cohesiveness, flexural rigidity, fracturability, hardness, puncture strength, and firmness of basal internode were higher for A than B, C, and D; 3) Plant height, panicle height, gravity center height, internode diameter, stem cross-sectional area, culm wall cross-sectional area, total area of vascular bundles, area of big and small vascular bundles, the number of big and small vascular bundles of A were the highest among the 4 rice types, but the stem type index, the relative area of culm wall cross-sectional, big vascular bundles, small vascular bundles of A were lower than those of B and C, and higher than those of D; 4)The content of soluble sugar, starch, cellulose, lignin, K, Si, Ca, Cu, zinc and other chemical composition in stem and sheath of A were lower than those of B and C, but higher than those of D; Chemical components such as N, Mg, Fe, Mn content of A were higher than those of B and C, but less than those of D; 5) Correlation analysis showed that the lodging index was significantly (P<0.05) positively correlated with gravity center height, culm diameter, cross-sectional area, and highly significantly positively (P<0.01) correlated with relative weight height, culm length, N, Mg, Fe and Mn content, but significanty (P<0.05) negatively correlated with starch and Cu content, and highly significantly (P<0.01) negatively correlated with stem type index, relative stem wall area, the relative area of vascular bundle, and the content of soluble sugar, cellulose, lignin, K, Si, Ca and Zn. Therefore, the resistance of stem to lodging for indica-japonica hybrid rice of Yongyou series under mechanical transplanting condition was better than that of indica hybrid rice, but inferior to that of hybrid japonica rice and conventional japonica rice. Differences in physical and chemical characteristics of culm were closely related with lodging resistance in rice. The study provided a theoretical and technical support for the mechanization and lodging resistance cultivation of indica japonica hybrid rice in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]