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In order to improve the efficiency of oil shale pyrolysis and the utilization value of semi-coke, this paper co-pyrolyzed Huadian oil shale and waste tire.The weight loss behavior, product yield and composition properties of co-pyrolysis were investigated by thermogravimetric analyzer and aluminum retort reactor.The synergistic effect was analyzed based on the difference between experimental and calculated values.The results show that co-pyrolysis can promote the release of volatile matter, the actual weight loss is higher than the calculated value at 500 ℃, and reaches the maximum value of 2.86 % when the proportion of waste tire is 80 %.The mixed pyrolysis of oil shale and waste tire has the effect of "increasing oil and reducing water".When the waste tire accounts for 50 %, the actual oil yield is 32.91 %, which is 1.5 % higher than the calculated value, and the actual water yield is 1.20 % to 1.77 % lower than the calculated value.Meanwhile, the content of heavy components with boiling point higher than 350 ℃ in the pyrolysis oil increases.There is higher yield of C1~C4 hydrocarbons from waste tire pyrolysis, and the calorific value of semi-coke is up to 30.43 MJ/kg.Co-pyrolysis can also improve the calorific value of pyrolysis gas and semi-coke.

In the extreme environment of the cold and arid salt desert in northwest China, finding and discovering indigenous high-yielding urease microorganisms is the key to the research on the solidification and fixation of the surface salt desert soil or desert soil microenvironment. This paper takes the screening of salt-tolerant and high-producing urease microorganisms in the salt desert environment of the Qaidam Basin as the research objective. For the soil samples, water samples and salt-tolerant plants in the environment, techniques such as purification and separation, strain urease activity determination, and Berthelot reaction are used, to screen, isolate and identify an indigenous salt-tolerant high-producing urease microorganism, and further conduct the experimental study on the indigenous microbial flora, urease activity, mineralization ability and safety. The results showed that the indigenous salt-tolerant and high-producing urease microorganisms that were screened this time belonged to a kind of Staphylococcus xylosus, and its urease activity showed a peak change with the life cycle of the microorganisms, with the highest value of 2.24 U/mL, which belonged to the high-yielding microorganisms. The microorganism produces 8.6% of new calcium carbonate in a 10 mL induction solution with a soluble salt content of 7%, and possesses the ability of microbial mineralization. The indigenous salt-tolerant and high-yielding urease microorganisms screened out in the salt desert environment can be used for theoretical and technological innovation research on the prevention and control of microbial mineralization in the cold and dry salt desert in northwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the common problems in the experimental teaching of the material forming and control engineering, two virtual simulation experimental teaching systems of the mould virtual assembly and mould virtual manufacturing are established in the Material Forming and Control Engineering specialty of Shandong University. Students can complete the teaching contents of the experiment preview, experiment learning, experiment exercises, experiment assessment and experiment report in the virtual experiment environment, and teachers can manage experiment teaching affairs. By using the virtual simulation laboratory, the limitation of time and space can be broken through, and students have more effective time to participate in the experimental process. Implementing the experimental teaching mode of ' Virtual simulation experiment + real experiment" can effectively overcome many limitations in the real experimental teaching, stimulate students' initiative to study independently, and the teaching effect is obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an active component in many plants, chlorogenic acid (CA) received extensive attention, for it possess lots of pharmacological activities and biological activities. Selection of suitable extraction solvent, extraction method and technological parameters is an important step to further purification and application of CA. The extraction efficiency of organic solvent in extraction of CA from Crataegus Pinnatifida Bge (CPB) is higher than that of water, but it is restricted for its toxicity causing damage to the human body and the environment. As a green and environmentally friendly solvent, ionic liquid was attracting increasing attention in the field of extraction, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method with the advantages of easy-operating, time-saving, energy-efficient and high efficiency was widely applied. Extraction of CA from CPB using ionic liquids as the solvent with UAE method was studied in this paper. Firstly, ionic liquid was selected from seven kinds of ionic liquids in the study, then the single factor experiments provided the extraction efficiencies of three main factors involving the concentration of ionic liquid, extraction time and solid-liquid ratio; furthermore, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the three parameters of extraction. The content of CA was confirmed by fluorescence spectrometer with standard curve method. The results showed that ionic liquid, [EIm]Cl, was selected as the suitable solvent, and the optimum conditions were [EIm]Cl concentration of 1.19 mol/L, solid-liquid ratio of 19.67 g/mL and extraction time of 42.83 min, which obtained a theoretical CA content of 4 179.48 μg/g. Under the optimum conditions, the verification experiment of the extraction of CA was carried out with the result of CA content of 4 128.28 μg/g, which was agreed well with the regression model. In addition, separation of ionic liquid and CA was finished due to that the ionic liquid is expensive, difficult to degrade and has unpredictable toxicity. Under acidic condition, CA in the ionic liquid was extracted using ethyl acetate as the extraction agent, in which yield of CA was 96.3% of that in the extract; while the purification of ionic liquid was operated by reduced pressure distillation in the rotary evaporator, then dried at 65°C in the vacuum drying oven, and the extraction efficiency of CA reached 92.96% when it was recycled for extraction of CA. Moreover, the comparison between the ionic liquid and traditional solvent by experimental investigation indicated that ionic liquid has obvious advantages in the extraction efficiency and recycling, and is a kind of high efficient, green extraction solvent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of reservoir conditions in Jingan oil field, a low interfacial tension's foaming system with interfacial tension of 10 1mN/m was screened out by analyzing the foaming ability and stability of several foaming agents. The result of the performance evaluation shows that the system has good foam performance, good heat resistance and salt tolerance. The resisting force factor of the foaming system is valuated through singlet--tube flooding experiment, then he optimal gas fluid ratio is determined to be 2 : 1. The double--tube flooding experiment result shows that foaming system can be distributed uniformly between high and low transmissibility tube, and the comprehensive recovery is enhanced 10.94% by injecting the foam system after water flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A method detecting norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamineand serotonin in Alzheimer's blood plasma by high performance liquid chromatography was developed., Methods: C18 column was used, the mobile phase was composed of methanol-water (0.1 mol/ml KH2PO4) (3:97), pH 3.7. The flow rate was 0.8 ml/min, fluorescence detection wave length lambdaex was 290 nm and lambdaem was 330 nm, column temperature was room temperature., Results: The detection limits were 0.02 nmol/ ml for NE, 0.01 nmol/ml for E, 0.04 nmol/ml for DA, and 0. 02 nmol/ml for 5-HT. RSD was in the range of 2.2% - 4.4%. The recoveries of all analytes were in the range of 82.9% - 93.6%. The linear range was 0.02 - 2.0 nmol/ml for NE, 0.01 - 3.3 nmol/ml for E, 0.04 - 3.6 nmol/ml for DA, and 0.02 - 1.6 nmol/ml for 5-HT. The related coefficient was in the range of 0.9977 - 0.9985., Conclusion: The assay had been applied successfully to measure the contents of these four monoamines in blood plasma of the Alzheimer's patients.

Objective: To evaluate the changes of the semen quality in uremia patients before renal transplantation., Methods: The semen of 24 patients with uremia and 12 normal volunteers was analyzed., Results: The semen volume, sperm motility, survival rate, density and morphological normality percentage were (2.5 +/- 0.4) ml, (13.4 +/- 3.9)%, (25.4 +/- 5.6)%, (20.6 +/- 4.5) x 10(6)/ml and (16.8 +/- 2.1)%, respectively, significantly lower than those of the normal group (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: Semen qualities were lowered significantly and spermatogenesis severely affected in patients with uremia.

The concentrations of 18 organochlorine pesticides in water, pore water and surface sediment from Minjiang River Estuary were analyzed by GC-ECD, and confirmed by GC-MSD. The range of organochlorine pesticides was 0.532-1.82 micrograms/L at water, 4.54-13.7 micrograms/L at pore water, and 28.79-52.07 micrograms/kg at sediment. Compared with the results of other estuaries and gulfs (Pearl River Estuary, Jiulong River Estuary and so on), it showed that the pollution of organochlorines in Minjiang was some moderate. The concentration difference in surface water, middle water, bottom water, pore water and sediment, due to the higher affinity of these hydrophobic compound for sedimentary phase than to water and a potential flux of pollutants from sediment to overlying water. The predominance of beta-HCH, DDE, Heptachlor, Endosulfan II and Methoxychlor in all water, pore water and sediment were clearly observed. On average, DDE, beta-HCH, Endosulfan II occupied the most part of total DDTs, HCHs and Endosulfans respectively, indicated the fate of these parent compounds or congeners. At the same time, it was found that the positive relationship among the individual organochlorine components (HCHs, DDTs and Endosulfans), which indicated that the similar of the source and behavior for organochlorine pesticides.