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Studying the variation of fruit and stem diameter is critical for optimizing irrigation schedule of tomato under alternate partial root zone drip irrigation (APRI) and improving water use efficiency in the green house. A plant physiology monitoring system (LPS-05MD) was used to measure the variation of fruit diameter and stem diameter during the fruiting stage of tomato under three different irrigation regimes: conventional drip irrigation (CDI), APRI and fixed partial root-zone irrigation (FDI). The soil under CDI were irrigated to 100% field capacity (FC) of the root-zones (from 0 m to a maximum depth of 0.40 m during the fruiting stage) by the drip irrigation system when the soil water content (SWC) in the root-zone reaching 80% FC. During the same day, the APRI and FDI treatments received about 2/3 of the irrigation amount for CDI, but only irrigated to one part of the root-zones (approximately 1/2 of the whole root-zone). For APRI, the irrigated root zone was alternatively changed from one side to another and consequently resulted in the SWC of different sides alternately high and low; whereas in FDI treatment, only the fixed side was irrigated and the other side was kept drying during the growing season. Results indicated that the variation of fruit diameter was significantly higher (P<0.05) in sunny days with high solar radiation rate than that of cloudy day with low solar radiation rate. The increase of tomato fruit diameter per day was not significantly linearly related to average SWC of the whole root zone (R²=0.30, P=0.16), but significantly related to the average solar radiation rate (R²=0.64, P=0.018). Previous studies indicate that the magnitude of MDS (maximum daily stem shrinkage) are not constant over a period of days with the same water status but different environmental conditions, and absolute MDS values registered without considering the evaporative demand might be meaningless. Based on this, there was a positive linear relationship between MDS and ET0 (R²=0.38, P<0.001), and the relationship between the value of MDS divided by ET0 (MDS/ET0) with SWC was significant different than MDS with SWC, which indicated that normalizing the absolute MDS values by environmental parameters, such as ET0, can help to indicate the soil water status precisely. Contrary to the previous results that MDS values increase in response to drought stress, in this study, MDS of APRI decreased with increasing water stress. This might be explained by the low resistance of water flow and high hydraulic capacitance of the tomato cultivar as well as the special physiological responses under APRI. For APRI, MDS/ET0 had a close relationships with SWC in the drying and wet root-zone (R²=0.60, P=0.006 and R² =0.88, P<0.001, respectively), which indicated that MDS normalized by ET0 under APRI was influenced both by SWC of drying side and wet side, and predominantly by the irrigated root-zone. Similarly, MDS/ET0 in FDI treatment was closely linearly related with the SWC in the irrigated root-zone (R²=0.61, P<0.001), but not with the fixed drying side (R²=0.02, P=0.64). This phenomenon can be explained by the decay of roots in the drying root-zone and the diminishment of the chemical signal generated from the drying roots of FDI. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been done to investigate the relationship between MDS (or MDS/ET0) and SWC of different root zone under APRI. The data in this study can help to reveal the mechanisms of variation of fruit diameter and stem diameter, as well as providing useful information for optimizing irrigation schedule of tomato under APRI grown in greenhouse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the distribution and magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography (MRI/CT) of lymphoma in orbit., Methods: Retrospective analyses were conducted for 73 cases with ocular complaints at Beijing Tong'ren Hospital from June 2006 to September 2012. They were confirmed pathologically as lymphoma with complete MRI/CT records., Results: Ocular adnexal lymphoma occurred predominantly in adults. There were 47 males and 26 females with a median age of (60 ± 12.0) years. The lesions were bilateral (n = 24), right side (n = 23) and left side (n = 26) respectively. The pathological types included mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (n = 59), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL, n = 7), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL, n = 3), lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL, n = 2) and follicular lymphoma and natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (FL and NKT, n = 1) respectively. They had well-defined margins in 64 sides, less well-defined margins in 17 sides and ill-defined margins in 16 sides. And 29 sides of lesions presented as a regional mass within conjunctiva in 16/97 sides (16.5%), lacrimal gland in 5/97 sides (5.2%), eyelids in 3/97 sides (3.1%), ocular muscle in 2/97 sides (2.1%) and lacrimal sac in 3/97 sides (3.1%). Moreover, 68 sides of lesion were diffusely distributed. The invaded sites included preseptal region in 38/97 sides (39.2%), extraconal compartment in 69/97 sides (71.1%), intraconal compartment in 54/97 sides (55.7%), eyeball region in 45/97 sides (46.4%), subperiosteum in 14/97 sides (14.4%), cone compartment in 73/97 sides (75.3%), lacrimal gland in 38/97 sides (39.2%) and sheath of optic nerve in 33/97 sides (34.0%). And, on MRI scan, 70 cases (94 sides) had isointensity in 88/94 sides, hypointensity in 6/94 sides on T1WI and isointensity in 52/94 sides, mild hypointensity in 40/94 sides or mixed signal in 2/94 sides on T2WI. In addition, the signals were homogeneous in 67/94 sides and heterogeneous in 27/94 sides. After contrasting, these lesions showed mild contrast-enhancement (CE) in 27/94 sides, moderate CE in 67/94 sides with homogeneous CE in 52/94 sides and heterogeneous CE in 42/94 sides. On CT scan, 21 cases (24 sides) had isodensity in 18/24 sides and mild hyperdensity in 6/24 sides with homogeneous in 7/24 sides and heterogeneous in 17/24 sides. Moreover, most adjacent bone show no change (16/24 sides). Only 16/24 sides and 2/24 sides showed reformation or destruction respectively. At the same time, the lesions also involved other para-orbit structures, such as orbital apex (27/97 sides, 27.8%), fissure orbitalis inferior (14/97 sides, 14.4%), fossa pterygopalatina (10/97 sides, 10.3%), supraorbital nerve (8/97 sides, 8.2%), cavernous sinus (8/97 sides, 8.2%) and facial soft tissue (6/97 sides, 6.2%), et al., Conclusion: Ocular adnexal lymphoma occurs predominantly in male adults. And multiple strictures and sites are often involved. There is iso-/mild hyperintensity with mild-to-moderate homo-/heterogeneous CE and little change of adjacent bone on T1WI and T2WI.

Objective: To evaluate the CT the characteristics of dehiscent sigmoid plate accompanied with pulsatile tinnitus (PT)., Methods: Dual phase contrast enhancement CT data of 15 PT patients were analyzed retrospectively., Results: Dehiscent sigmoid plate was located on the same side of PT in all patients. Thirteen defects had been showed in both CT images and surgery. Among of them, eight defects located on the descending segment, 3 on the superior curve, and the other 2 defects involved the superior curve and descending segment of sigmoid sinus simultaneously. The maximum anteroposterior and vertical diameters of defect measured in CT images were significant larger than that measured during surgery. There were still 5 defects showed in CT images, which did not been found during surgery. Among 9 patients with unilateral dominant brain venous systems, all the dehiscent sigmoid plates were seen on the dominant side. The other 2 patients showed co-dominant brain venous systems, whose the dehiscent sigmoid plates were on the left side. In addition, extensive pneumatized temporal bone filled with air was found in all patients., Conclusion: Dehiscent sigmoid plate commonly located on the anterior, lateral, or anterolateral wall of the superior curve or descending segment of the sigmoid plate, which usually coexist with the strong unilateral dominant brain venous system and extensive temporal bone pneumatization.

Objective: To discuss the anatomic characters and clinical importance of aural atresia coexisted with Korner's septum., Method: Fifty patients with aural atresia coexisted with Korner's septum were analyzed retrospectively, in which the reconstruction surgery was performed, and high resolution temporal bone CT scan in the coronal and axial plane were taken preoperatively., Result: Among 50 patients, 39 had well-developed Korner's septum. The others (11/50) had incomplete Korner's septum, which were porotic continued with antrums, under powerful microscopic inspection. The ossicular reconstruction was performed successfully in 41 patients, while that of the other 9 had to suspend because of displacement such as low tegmen and backward processus condylaris of mandible., Conclusion: The high resolution temporal bone CT is indispensable to the operation of aural atresia coexisted with Korner's septum.

Objective: To study the anatomy of the Lateral Sphenoid Wall in CT and MRI in normal adults so as to provide a theoretical basis for imagine science., Method: High resolution CT in axial and coronal planes was conducted on 25 normal adults. MRI in axial and coronal planes, using SE T1 WI and FSE T2 WI was conducted on 20 volunteers., Result: 1. The pneumatisation of sphenoid sinus can be divided into two types: Pneumatisation of the sphenoid body and the one of sphenoid process. The former one can be subdivided into three categories: concha (2%), pre sellar (20%), sellar (78%). The latter can be subdivided into four categories: lesser wing (38%), greater wing (40%), pterygoid process (34%) and dorsum sellar (6%). 2. The thinnest part (< 1 mm) of the LSW is located at the inner wall of the optic nerve canal (96%), at the bony wall in the plane of sphenoethmoid recess (86%), the bony wall in the plane of the internal carotid artery (66%). 3. Over pneumatised sphenoid sinus could make the foramen rotumdum (64%) and pterygoid canal (44%) protrudes into the sphenoid cavity., Conclusion: Attention should be paid to the various mode of pneumatization around the optic nerve canal.