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[Objective] The engineering disturbances have triggered soil erosion events in subalpine meadows, intensify regional soil erosion and vegetation destruction. The relationship between physical and chemical properties and disintegration characteristics of subalpine meadow soils in central Yunnan was studied to provide reference for soil and water conservation and control and vegetation protection in sub-alpine meadow ecosystems. [Methods] By X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy scanning, and static water disintegration experiments were conducted to determine the physico-chemical properties, mineral composition, microscopic structure, and disintegration characteristics of subalpine meadow soils in central Yunnan. The correlation between soil disintegration and physico-chemical properties was analyzed to explore the reason of soil disintegration in sub-alpine meadows of central Yunnan. [Results] (1) The subalpine meadow soils in central Yunnan exhibited a high susceptibility to disintegration when encountering water. The resistance to disintegration of different parent materials in the same soil layer were as follows sandstone>limestone≈basalt. The characteristics of different soil layers in the same parent material were as follows leaching horizon>deposition layer>parent material layer. (2) Correlation analysis showed that the average soil disintegration rate was significantly negative correlated with organic matter (r=-0.84) and total nitrogen (r=-0.83), positively correlated with clay content (r=0.88), and positively correlated with montmorillonite (r=0.68) and hematite (r=0.77). (3) The main factors affecting the disintegration of subalpine meadow soils in central Yunnan were biological processes and swelling of hydrophilic clay minerals such as montmorillonite and illite. [Conclusion] The resistance to disintegration of subalpine meadow soils in central Yunnan was ranked as follows: Sandstone>limestone≈basalt for different parent materials, and leaching horizon>deposition layer>parent material layer for different soil layers. The subalpine meadow soil in central Yunnan was easy to disintegrate when exposed to water, the main factors affecting the disintegration of subalpine meadow soils in central Yunnan were biological processes and swelling of hydrophilic clay minerals such as montmorillonite and illite.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high salt conditions on basophil (KU812) degranulation and the expression of related cytokines and to preliminarily explore its molecular mechanism. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used to measure the changes of bioactive mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines released by KU812 cells after degranulation under high salt conditions. The effects of serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) inhibitor and p38 inhibitor on the production of interleukin (IL)-4 by KU812 cells were detected by qPCR. The results showed that high-salt conditions could not promote the degranulation of KU812 cells to rel ease bioactive mediators such as histamine and β-hexaminosidase (β-HEX), but instead enhance the production of pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. High-salt conditions could also promote the production of IL-4 by KU812 cells and led to high expression of the SGK1 gene. It was also found that both SGK1 inhibitor and p38 inhibitor could significantly inhibit the expression of SGK1 and IL-4 in KU812 cells under high salt conditions. These results indicated that high-salt conditions could promote the production of IL-4 by KU812 cells through the p38-SGK1 signaling pathway.

The hydrochemistry of main rivers and groundwater were investigated to understand the major ion composition and its origin of water in Tianjin. The results showed that Na+ is the dominant cation of water. In terms of anions, Cl-and SO42-are primary in surface water; Cl- and HCO3- are dominant in groundwater. The water types of surface water changed from HCO3-Na(Ca) to Cl(SO4)-Na until Cl-Na along river flows till estuaries; while the groundwater types changed from HCO3-Ca to Cl-Na along the groundwater flow direction (from north to south) demonstrating horizontal zonal distribution. In addition, evaporation-crystallization and rock weathering are the primary geochemical processes responsible for the origins of the major ions in water. Chemical compositions of rivers were mainly influenced by silicate rocks, while groundwater was controlled by carbonate and silicate rocks. Moreover, seawater intrusion and ion exchange showed significant effects on hydro -chemical composition and characteristics of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solubility of starch in medium warm water is the basis of medium temperature sizing technology. In order to improve the solubility of starch in medium temperature, with solubility, retrogradation, light transmittance index of characterization, the influences of cooking temperature, cooking time, substitution degree of quaternary ammonium cationic starch and amount of DMSO on the solubility of medium-temperature water soluble starches were analyzed. The sizing was carried out on simple sizing machine. The results show that the degree of substitution and the technological parameters of blending are the key factors that affect the solubility of medium-temperature water soluble starch. Solvent DMSO can effectively promote the solubility of soluble starch in warm water. As to the developed starch, when the slurry temperature is 65 °C,the cooking time is 1h, the dosage of DMSO is 3%, and the degree of substitution is 0.078, the solubility of medium water soluble starch is 92.4%, the light transmittance is 51.2% and the retrogradation is better. The test showed that the properties of the yarn sized in medium temperature are very closed to the properties of the yarn sized in high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This paper presents a method for treating maxillary neuralgia, the second division of trigeminal nerve., Method: One hundred and thirty six cases with 136 trigeminal neuralgia were treated from 2004 to 2011. All patients were treated with endoscopic surgery at the pterygopalatofossa through approach to the maxillary sinus for resecting maxillary nerve and infraorbital nerve., Result: One hundred and eighteen patients were relieved after operation and no recurrence of neuralgia was occurred after 2 to 8 years of follow-up., Conclusion: This method had the advantages of avoiding to operate craniotomy with no complications, which was performed easily with valid efficacy.

In order to detect the relationships of human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) with the expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C (VEGF-C) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-3 (VEGFR-3), we examined the level of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 gene expression in the samples from 30 cases of normal laryngeal mucosa tissue (NLM), primary laryngeal carcinoma (PLC) and cervical lymph node (CLN) by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The protein levels of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression were also determined by Western blotting in 10 cases of NLM, PLC, CLN,respectively. We found that in the samples from the same patient, the VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression level is different among normal laryngeal mucosa tissue, primary laryngeal carcinoma and cervical lymph node. In primary laryngeal carcinoma, the level of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 expression was significantly higher in lymph node positive group than in lymph node negative group, and this difference was the associated with the histological grade of differentiation (P < 0.05). The expression levels of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 were not associated with age, sex, site and T stage (P > 0.5). These results suggest that there is a close relationship of LSCC with VEGF-C/VEGFR-3; and VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 may have the potential for use as an indicator with prognostic significance in dealing with LSCC.

Objective: To study the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) in laryngeal squamous carcinoma and their relation with clinic pathologic features., Method: VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 gene expression in 30 cases of normal laryngeal mucosa tissue (NLM), primary laryngeal carcinoma (PLC) and cervical lymph node (CLN) were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)., Result: The gene expression of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 are different among normal laryngeal mucosa tissue, primary laryngeal carcinoma and cervical lymph node in the same patient. In primary laryngeal carcinoma, expression of VEGF-C, VEGFR-3 were significantly higher in lymph node positive group than in lymph node negative group and associated with histological grade of differentiation; The gene expression of VEGF-C, VEGFR-3 were not associated with age, sex, site, T stage., Conclusion: VEGF-C, VEGFR-3 have prognostic significance in laryngeal carcinoma.